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Lecture 1_1 (Research Methodology)(1)

The document outlines a Research Methodology Course led by Mohammed Abdeen M. Salih, covering key topics such as the definition and characteristics of research, types of research (basic, applied, qualitative, and quantitative), and the research process. It emphasizes the importance of systematic data collection and analysis to generate new knowledge, particularly in the context of health research. The course also categorizes health research into biomedical, clinical, and public health research, highlighting their distinct focuses and methodologies.

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4 views

Lecture 1_1 (Research Methodology)(1)

The document outlines a Research Methodology Course led by Mohammed Abdeen M. Salih, covering key topics such as the definition and characteristics of research, types of research (basic, applied, qualitative, and quantitative), and the research process. It emphasizes the importance of systematic data collection and analysis to generate new knowledge, particularly in the context of health research. The course also categorizes health research into biomedical, clinical, and public health research, highlighting their distinct focuses and methodologies.

Uploaded by

abdfatima400
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Research Methodology Course

General Introduction
Mohammed Abdeen M. Salih
(B. Pharm., MSc., Ph.D.)
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmaceutics
Email: [email protected]
Research Methodology Course Outlines
1. General Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methodology
4. Searching in database
5. Guidelines for Writing a Research Proposal
6. Writing a Research Report 2
1- General Introduction
1. Research Methodology Introduction
- Definition & Characteristics of Research
2. Types of Research
3. Health Research
4. The Research Process
5. Selection of the research topic
6. Statement of the research problem
7. Formulating research objectives
3
Research Methodology Introduction
Research (Definition):
▪ Literally: (Re + Search): "to investigate carefully".
▪ The systematic collection, analysis &
interpretation of data to generate new
knowledge, answer a certain question or solve
a problem through the application of a
scientific method.
4
• Systematic: using a fixed & organized plan.
• The scientific method: attempts to
minimize the influence of the researchers
bias on the outcome of an experiment

5
Methodology:

▪ Methodology ≠ method

▪ The study of the methods and rules involved in


problem solving, it refers to more than set of methods or
steps taken to complete a certain task.

▪ It includes formulating hypothesis, data collection,


study design, sampling, analysis & interpretation of
results
6
Research methodology (RM):

▪ It is a science of studying how research is to


be carried out, or the study of methods by
which knowledge is gained.

▪ Research is used to promote, improve or change


policy or decision related to human life

7
Research Methodology

What? Why?

Who? How?

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RM is concerned with the explanation of
➢(1) Why this particular research undertaken?
➢(2) How to formulate a research problem?
➢(3) What types of data were collected?
➢(4) What particular method has been used?
➢(5) On who we will conduct the research?
➢(6) Why was a particular technique of analysis of data
used?
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Characteristics of Research
1. It demands a clear statement of the problem
2. Systematic: requires a plan, in logical order
3. It builds on existing data, using (+/-)tive findings
4. New data should be collected as required & organized in such a way
that they answer the research question(s)

6. Valid and verifiable; whatever you conclude on the basis of your


findings is correct and can be verified by you and others

7. Empirical; any conclusions drawn are based upon hard evidence


gathered from information collected and analyzed
10
1- General Introduction
1. Research Methodology Introduction
- Definition & Characteristics of Research
2. Types of Research
3. Health Research
4. The Research Process
5. Selection of the research topic
6. Statement of the research problem
7. Formulating research objectives 11
Types of research
Functional Nature
Classification Classification

Basic Applied Qualitative Quantitative


Research Research Research Research

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▪ Research is functionally classified into two types
(A) Basic research:
▪ Investigation on basic principles & reasons for occurrence of a
particular event or phenomenon.

▪ Not lead to immediate use (application) (not-applied research)


▪ The outcomes of basic research may form the basis for many
applied research, for example

- Contents & functioning of various parts of human body helps us


identify the basis for certain diseases,

- Chemical reactions leads to development of new compounds with


certain application (in the future) 13
(B) Applied Research
▪ Concerned with actual life research such as research on
increasing efficiency of a machine, preparing vaccination for a
disease, etc.

▪ Obviously, they have immediate potential applications

14
According to it is nature research can be
(A) Quantitative Research
▪ Based on the measurement of quantity or amount,
▪ More concerned with questions about: how much? How many?
How often? To what extent? etc.
(B) Qualitative research
▪ Concerned with qualitative phenomenon (quality)
▪ It is non-numerical, applies reasoning.
▪ It’s concerned with finding the answers to questions which begin
with: why? How? In what way?
15
1- General Introduction
1. Research Methodology Introduction
- Definition & Characteristics of Research
2. Types of Research
3. Health Research
4. The Research Process
5. Selection of the research topic
6. Statement of the research problem
7. Formulating research objectives 16
Health Research
▪ Health research is the application of principles of research on
health (generation of new knowledge using scientific method to
identify & deal with health problems).

Categories of health research


▪ Generally health research; basic or applied, falls under three operational
interlinking categories

1- Biomedical research

2- Clinical research

3- Public health research 17


(A) Biomedical Research
▪ Concerned with analysis of part of individual (sub-
individual) as organs, cells, subcellular elements. Thus, It is
the most basic part of health.

▪ Focus on how body work, it consider biological


functions & mechanism within organism.

▪ Example: Studying the life cycle of HBV in the human body


and the effects of the infection on the various systems of the
body.
18
(B) Clinical Research
▪ Concerned with individual level of analysis

▪ Focus on the response of the body to various preventive,


diagnostic or therapeutic interventions

▪ Example: clinical trials of disease prevention & the design of


new chemotherapeutic agents

19
(C) Public health research
▪ Concerned with population (group of people) and is subdivided into two
types
(i) Epidemiological research
▪ Study the frequency, distribution & causes of diseases
▪ E.g. to estimate the number of people suffering from HBV in Sudan &
identifies risk factors determining the distribution of the disease.
(ii) Health systems research (HSR)
▪ It considers the functioning of the health system, the costs, the quality of
the services provided and the distribution of resources within the system

▪ Example: examines the way the health system functions to ensure that an
effective treatment for HBV is delivered to those who need it as studying non-
compliance. 20

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