The word of kinematic is comes from the Greek Linear motion (also called

word Kinema meaning motion. rectilinear motion) is motion

Study of motion: a branch of physics that deals
with the motions of a body.
along a straight line.

Dynamics
Study of energy and forces: the branch
The word of Dynamics is comes
of physics and mathematics that deals
from the Greek word Dynami
with the effect of energy and forces on
meaning Power.
systems.
 Length between two things: The distance covered by a
the length of the space
body in a particular
separating two people, places,
or things.
direction is called
displacement.

Displacement is
vector quantity
 Shortcut Point Shortcut Point

Distance:- Distance is the total length of straight- Displacement:- Displacement (of a point) is the straight-
line or curved path between two points. line distance (of the point) from a fixed point (or reference point)
● Distance is a scalar.
● The shortest distance between two points is called displacement
● Distance always positive.
● Displacement is a vector.
● Distance is denoted by capital S
● Displacement positive and negative both .
● Meter and Foot (length), a unit of distance or
length symbol is m and ft. ● Displacement is denoted by capital S
● Meter and Foot (length), a unit of Displacement or length
symbol is m and ft.
Positive Direction

Negative Direction
Change of distance with respect
to time is called speed.
 Change of distance with respect to
time is called speed.

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 Symbol of speed is

Speed =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
v
S.I or M.K.S unit
𝑚
v= or meter per
𝑠
second or m/s or ms-1
 Speed is a scalar quantity.
Speed only positive quantity
due to the no direction
If a body covers an equal distance in equal
interval of time so the body is said to be in
uniform speed.

If a body does not cover an equal distance in

equal interval of time so the body is said to be
in variable speed.

The total distances divide by total time to cover

distance.
 Change of distance with respect
to time in particular direction is
called Velocity.
 Change of distance with respect to
time in particular direction is
called Velocity.
Symbol of velocity
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
velocity =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 is v
S.I or M.K.S unit
𝑚
v= or meter per
𝑠
second or m/s or ms-1
 Velocity is a vector
If a body covers an equal displacement in equal interval quantity.
of time so the body is said to be in uniform Velocity.

If a body does not cover an equal displacement in equal

interval of time so the body is said to be in variable Velocity.

The total displacements divide by total time to cover distance.

 Shortcut Point Shortcut Point

Speed:- Change of distance with respect to time is Velocity:- Change of distance with respect to time in
called speed. particular direction is called Velocity.
● Speed is a scalar. ● Change of displacement with respect to time is called Velocity.
● Speed always positive. ● Velocity is a vector.
● Speed is denoted by v ● Velocity positive due to the forward direction.
● meter per second or m/s or ms-1 cm/s.
● Velocity negative due to the reverse direction OR opposite
direction.
● Velocity is denoted by v
● meter per second or m/s or ms-1 cm/s
Direction Signs of Velocity

Velocity Negative Velocity Positive

Here the stickman has a velocity to the left and so velocity Here the stickman has a velocity to the right and so
Negative -v . velocity positives +v .
Upward
Velocity
Positive

Downward
Velocity
Negative
● The velocity of an object with respect to another observer.
● It is the time rate of change of relative position of one
object with respect to another object.
Speed OR Velocity
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
velocity =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

20 − 20
velocity =
2−1

0
object in rest velocity = = 0 𝑚/𝑠
1
 OR Velocity 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
velocity =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

10 − 20
velocity =
2−1

object in constant 10
velocity = = 10 𝑚/𝑠
velocity 1
OR Velocity 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Gradient = velocity =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
20 − 0
velocity = = 10 𝑚/𝑠
2−0
45 − 20
velocity = = 25 𝑚/𝑠
3−2

80 − 45
velocity = = 35 𝑚/𝑠
3−4

125 − 80
velocity = = 45 𝑚/𝑠
5−4
 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Gradient = velocity =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

45 − 0
velocity = = 45 𝑚/𝑠
1−0
80 − 45
velocity = = 35 𝑚/𝑠
2−1

105 − 80
velocity = = 25 𝑚/𝑠
4−3

120 − 105
velocity = = 15 𝑚/𝑠
4−5

125 − 120
velocity = = 5 𝑚/𝑠
5−4
 150 150
140 140
130 130
120 120
110 110
Distance

Distance
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time Time
 The graph

Distance (m)

80 X X

60
X
40

20 X
X
X
X
10 20 30 Time (s)
 m= ∞
m= +
m= 0 m= 0

m= -
m= + Decreasing

m= + Increasing

m= - Increasing

m= - Decreasing
 8m

8m
 Decreasing Velocity

Increasing Velocity
 Change of velocity with
𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = respect to time is called
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆
Acceleration.
∆𝑉
𝑎Ԧ =
𝑡
(𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 )∆𝑉 = 𝑣𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 − 𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙

∆𝑉 = 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖

𝒗𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 − 𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝐯−𝐮

𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 = =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝐭
Increasing in velocity in particular direction +𝒂

Uniform velocity (constant

velocity) in particular direction
Decreasing in velocity in particular direction −𝒂
𝑎Ԧ = 0
 velocity and acceleration are parallel to
each other so velocity will be increased

Shortcut Point

Acceleration:- Change of velocity with respect

to time is called Acceleration.
● Rate of change of Velocity is called Acceleration. velocity and acceleration are
● Acceleration is a vector. antiparallel to each other so velocity
● Speeding up and speeding down is called acceleration. will be decreased
● Acceleration is positive so to the increase Velocity.
● Acceleration is negative so to the decrease Velocity.
● Negative acceleration is called retardation and
deceleration.
● Acceleration is zero so to the constant Velocity.
● Acceleration is denoted by a
● meter per second square or m/s2 or ms-2
cm/s-2
𝒗𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 − 𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝐯−𝐮
𝒂= =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝐭
 g
g
g

g
g

g
 Uniform Acceleration 10 m/s2 and Variable Velocity 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
Acceleration =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Time (s)
Velocity (m/s) 10 − 20
Acceleration =
2−1

10
Acceleration = = 10 𝑚/𝑠 2
1

object in constant
Acceleration
Velocity (m/s)
 Zero Acceleration Speed
0 m/s2OR
andVelocity
Uniform Velocity 20 m/s
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓velocity
Time (s) 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Velocity (m/s) 20 − 20
Acceleration =
2−1

0
Acceleration = = 0 𝑚/𝑠 2
1
Velocity (m/s)

object in zero
Acceleration and so
constant velocity
 Increasing Acceleration and Increasing Velocity 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 velocity
Gradient = Acceleration =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Time (s)
20 − 0
Velocity (m/s) Acceleration = = 10 𝑚/𝑠 2
2−0
45 − 20
Acceleration = = 25 𝑚/𝑠 2
3−2

80 − 45
Acceleration = = 35 𝑚/𝑠 2
3−4
Velocity (m/s)

object in 125 − 80
Increasing Acceleration = = 45 𝑚/𝑠 2
5−4
Acceleration
 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
Decreasing Acceleration and Increasing Velocity to constant velocity Gradient =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Time (s)
45 − 0
Velocity (m/s) Acceleration = = 45 𝑚/𝑠 2
1−0
80 − 45
Acceleration = = 35 𝑚/𝑠 2
2−1

105 − 80
Acceleration = = 25 𝑚/𝑠 2
4−3
object in
Velocity (m/s)

120 − 105
Decreasing Acceleration =
4−5
= 15 𝑚/𝑠 2

Acceleration
125 − 120
and constant Acceleration =
5−4
= 5 𝑚/𝑠 2

velocity Constant Velocity From Graph

𝑉elocity = 125 𝑚/𝑠

 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
Gradient =
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

50
deceleration = = 0 𝑚/𝑠 2
0
40 − 50
deceleration = = −10 𝑚/𝑠 2
1−0

30 − 40
deceleration = = −10𝑚/𝑠 2
2−1

20 − 30
deceleration = = −10𝑚/𝑠 2
3−2

10 − 20
deceleration = = −10𝑚/𝑠 2
4−3

−10𝑚/𝑠 2
 U=8 m/s

v=0 m/s

U=8 m/s
v=0 m/s
 Speed (m/s)

8 m/s
Velocity (m/s)

8 m/s
https://www.geogebra.org/m/YZnEmtVP#material/d7vZRB8r
negative
direction
https://www.geogebra.org/m/YZnEmtVP#material/Kc88gNS3
https://www.geogebra.org/m/YZnEmtVP#material/pdNj3DgD
 30
12 m/s

41
 𝒖−𝒗 𝟎 − 𝟏𝟔
𝒂= = = −𝟑. 𝟐 𝒎𝒔−𝟐
𝒕 𝟓

𝟏
𝒔= 𝟏𝟎 + 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟐𝟖𝟎 𝒎
𝟐

𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 "𝒔" 𝟐𝟖𝟎

𝒗= = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐 𝒎/𝒔
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝟐𝟓

𝟑. 𝟐 𝒎𝒔−𝟐

𝟏𝟏. 𝟐
(b) Calculate the distance travelled in the first 28
seconds.
(c) Calculate the displacement of the bird from
its starting point after 60 seconds.
(a) Sketch a velocity-time graph to show the motion of the train.
(b)
Find the deceleration of the train from the moment the brakes were first applied to the moment
its speed first reached 12 m s-1.
(c) Calculate the total time from the moment the brakes were first applied to the moment the
train came to rest.
 Q-1 Obtain the equation of motions by graphical method
Δ𝑣 Δ𝑦
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 =
Δ𝑡 Δ𝑥
Velocity
Δ𝑦 B
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑡, 𝑣𝑓
Δ𝑥

Slope of line AB

𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = A
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 C
0, 𝑣𝑖
𝑡, 𝑣𝑖
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
𝑡−0

𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
𝑎=
𝑡−0 Time

𝑎𝑡 = 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖

𝑎𝑡 + 𝑣𝑖 = 𝑣𝑓
 Q-1 Obtain the equation of motions by graphical method
S=distance under AB
Velocity
B
𝑡, 𝑣𝑓
S=area AOLC+ area ABC

S=area Rectangle + area triangle ∆𝑣

1 A
S=OL×LC+ × 𝐴𝐶 × 𝐶𝐵 C
2
0, 𝑣𝑖 𝑡, 𝑣𝑖

1
S=𝑡 × 𝑣𝑖 + × 𝑡 × ∆𝑣
2
∆𝑣 O
=𝑎 L 𝑡, 0 Time
𝑡
∆𝑣 = 𝑎𝑡

1
S=𝑡 × 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑡 × 𝑎𝑡
2
 Q-1 Obtain the equation of motions by graphical method
Velocity
S=distance under AB B
𝑡, 𝑣𝑓

S=area AOLC+ area ABC

S=area Rectangle + area triangle ∆𝑣
1 A
S=OL×LC+ × 𝐴𝐶 × 𝐶𝐵 C
2
0, 𝑣𝑖 𝑡, 𝑣𝑖
1
S=𝑡 × 𝑣𝑖 + × 𝑡 × ∆𝑣
2
∆𝑣 = 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
O
1
𝑆 = 𝑡 × 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑡 × 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 L 𝑡, 0 Time
2 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 𝑣𝑓 + 𝑣𝑖
1 1 𝑆= ×
𝑆 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑡𝑣𝑓 − 𝑡𝑣𝑖 𝑎 2
2 2 𝑡 𝑣𝑓 + 𝑣𝑖
1 1 𝑆=
𝑆 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑡𝑣𝑓 2
2 2
𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑡𝑣𝑓
𝑆= 𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖
2 𝑡=
𝑎
Questions of equation of
motion
 The acceleration due to
gravity is represent by g
and value is 9.8 m/s2 .
For the simplicity the value
of g is 10 m/s2
 Upward Downward

V= 0 U= 0

g = -10m/s2
g = -10m/s2

U= ? V= ?
 Shortcut Point

𝒗=𝟎 𝒗𝟏 > 𝟎 𝒗𝟏 > 𝒗𝟐 > 𝟎 𝒗 𝑻𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍

Terminal velocity :- The velocity at which a
falling body moves through a medium, as air, when the
force of resistance of the medium is equal in magnitude
and opposite in direction to the force of gravity.
𝑭𝑩 𝑭𝒅
● The highest velocity attained by an object falling
through a fluid is called Terminal velocity .
● Since the net force on the object is zero at Terminal
velocity 𝑾 −𝒗
● The object has zero acceleration at Terminal velocity .
● Terminal velocity is highest or
maximum velocity.
● Direction of terminal velocity
is downward.
● Acceleration decrease to zero so 𝑭𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 (𝑾) = 𝑭𝑩𝒖𝒐𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝑭𝑩 + 𝑭𝑭𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝑭𝒅 )
force equal to weight.
 𝑭𝑵

+𝒗

𝑭𝒅
𝑾

𝑭𝑵𝒆𝒕 𝑭𝑵 = 𝑭𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒚 (𝑾) +𝑭𝑭𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝑭𝒅 )

 A body moving horizontally as well as vertically under the action of gravity
simultaneously is called a projectile. The motion of projectile is called projectile
motion.
Q. If a bullet is fired horizontally and another bullet is dropped from the same height, will the 2
bullets hit the ground at the same time?

Yes! the horizontal motion is independent of the vertical free-fall. Since both objects fall
the same vertical distance down Because g are same for both objects , then both objects must hit
the ground at the same time.
 1-The free-fall accelerations y- axis 4-The circular motion of earth is no
constant over the range of effect on the projectile motion.
motion and is directed
downward. 5-The earth has to be considered in the
flight of long-range missiles.
2-The effect of air
𝒗𝒐 -𝒈
resistance is negligible.

x- axis

3-The path of a projectile, which we call its trajectory, is always a parabola as

shown in Figure
 𝑣∥ = 𝑣𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

y- axis 𝑣⊥ = 𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − (𝑔 )𝑡

𝒗𝒐
𝒗⊥
-𝒈
-𝒈 𝜽
𝒗∥
𝒗∥ 𝜽
𝒗𝒐
𝒗𝒐 -𝒈
-𝒈 𝒗⊥
𝜽

x- axis
 ● The only force acting on it during its time acceleration due to
gravity (g). This acceleration acts vertically downward.
● Which means that the velocity of the particle in the vertically
upward and downward direction remains change.
Shortcut Point
𝒗𝒚 = 𝒗 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
Projectile Motion:- When a body is thrown with ● The velocity in the vertical direction begins to decrease as the
an angle ‘θ’ and it covers a parabolic path under the object rises; at its highest point, the vertical velocity is zero.
action of gravity, body has constant horizontal
component of velocity but changing vertical component
● The kinematic energy for horizontal motion constant and vertical
of velocity is called projectile motion. motion of motion change with change of velocity.

● The path of the projectile is called its trajectory. ● The Potential energy for horizontal motion zero and vertical
motion of motion change with change of velocity.
● Along the x-axis: uniform velocity, responsible for the
horizontal (forward) motion of the particle.
● There is no acceleration (𝒂𝒙 = 𝟎)in the horizontal
direction.
● Which means that the velocity of the particle in the
horizontal direction remains constant.
𝒗𝒙 = 𝒗 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
●Along the y-axis: uniform acceleration
(𝒂𝒚 = −𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝒎/𝒔𝟐), responsible for the vertical motion
-𝒈
of the particle.
y- axis

𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑡=
𝑔

1 2
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡
2

𝑣𝑜2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
h ℎ=
2𝑔
𝒗𝒐
2𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑇=
𝜽 𝑔
𝒗𝒙 x- axis
𝜽 𝑣𝑦
R tan 𝜃 =
𝑣𝑥
𝑣𝑜2 sin 2𝜃
𝑅=
𝑔
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝒗𝒚
𝑣= 𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2
 1 2
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡
2
1 2
𝑦 = − 𝑔𝑡 y- axis
2Vertical displacement
𝑣𝑦 = 0

𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Time
2𝑦
𝑡=
𝑣𝑦 = −𝑔𝑡 𝑔
𝒗𝒙 x- axis
𝜽 𝑣𝑦
tan 𝜃 =
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 Horizontal Displacement 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑣𝑥

𝒗𝒚
𝑣= 𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2
 𝑣𝑦 = 0 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

1 2
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡
2 𝑣𝑦 = 𝑣𝑜 sin 𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡
Time
2𝑦
𝑡=
𝑔
𝒗𝒙
𝜽 𝑣𝑦
tan 𝜃 =
𝑣𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑜 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝒗𝒚
𝑣= 𝑣𝑥2 + 𝑣𝑦2
https://iwant2study.org/lookangejss/02_newtonianmechanics_2kinematics/ejss_model_kin
ematicstracker/kinematicstracker_Simulation.xhtml
https://iwant2study.org/lookangejss/02_newtonianmechanics_2kinematics/ejss_model_fre
efall01/freefall01_Simulation.xhtml
 P#.2 A car is waiting at a traffic signal and when it turns green the car starts ahead with a
constant acceleration of 2 m/s2. At the same time a bus traveling with a constant speed of 10
m/s overtakes and passes the car.
(a) How far beyond it's starting point will the car (b)How fast will the car be moving ?
overtake the bus ?
Initial velocity of the car 𝑣𝑖 = 0 𝑚/𝑠
𝑆 𝑆 =𝑣×𝑡 𝑆 = 10 × 𝑡__(2)
Acceleration of the car 𝑎 = 2 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑣=
𝑡
Constant speed of the bus 𝑣 = 10 𝑚/𝑠
𝑡 2 = 10 × 𝑡 𝑡 2 = 10 × 𝑡
(b)Distance at which 𝒕 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒔
car overtakes the bus
𝑆 = 10 × 10 𝑺 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎
S = ?m
(b) Final velocity of the car 𝑣𝑓 = ? 𝑚/𝑠
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡

T be the time during which this 𝑣𝑓 = 0 + 2 × 10

distance S in covered by the car 𝑣𝑓 = 20 𝑚/𝑠
1 2
𝑆 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
1 2 𝑆 = 𝑡 2 ___(1)
𝑆=0𝑡+ 2𝑡
2
 Example 2/ 2003
A car starts from rest and moves with a constant acceleration. During the 5th second of
its motion. It covers a distance of 36 meters. Calculate (a) the acceleration of the car
(b) the total distance covered by the car during this time.

a=? m/s2
0th s 1th s 2th s 3th s 4th s 5th s

36m

S=? m
 P#.3 A helicopter is ascending at the rate of 12m/s. At a height of 80m above the ground, a
package is dropped. How long does the package take to reach the ground? The helicopter is
rising up and the package falls down

Initial velocity of the package 𝑣𝑖 = 12 𝑚/𝑠 12 ± 144 + 1568

𝑡=
9.8
𝑎 = 𝑔 = −9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
12 ± 1712 𝒗𝒊 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒎/𝒔
Net displacement of the package 𝑆 = −80 𝑚 𝑡=
9.8
taken to reach the
12 ± 41.37
ground 𝑡 = ? 𝑠 𝑡=
𝟏 9.8
𝑺 = 𝒗𝒊 𝒕 + 𝒈𝒕𝟐 12 + 41.37
𝟐 𝑡=
1 9.8 𝑆 = −80 𝑚
−80 = 12 × 𝑡 + × −9.8 × 𝑡 2
2 53.37
−80 = 12 × 𝑡 − 4.9 × 𝑡 2 𝑡= = 5.4 𝑠
9.8
−80 = 12𝑡 − 4.9𝑡 2
12 − 41.37
4.9𝑡 2 − 12𝑡 − 80 = 0 𝑡= = −2.99 𝑠
9.8
𝑎 = 4.9 𝑏 = −12 𝑐 = −80
−𝑏 ± 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑡=
2𝑎
− −12 ± −12 2 − 4 × 4.9 × −80
𝑡=
2 × 4.9
𝒗𝒙 = 𝟑. 𝟔 𝒎/𝒔
𝒖𝒚 = 𝟒. 𝟔 𝒎/𝒔

𝒖𝒚 = 𝟑𝒎/𝒔
𝒖𝒚 = 𝟑𝒎/𝒔
 P#4. A boy throws a ball upward from the top of a cliff with a
speed of 14.7 m/s. On the way down it just misses the thrower and 𝒗𝒊
fall the ground 49meter below
(i) how long the ball rises? (ii) How high it goes? ℎ
(iii) How long it is in air (iv) with what velocity it
strikes the ground.

𝑣𝑖 = 14.7 𝑚/𝑠
𝑣𝑖 = 14.7 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = 𝑔 = −9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
Final velocity at the highest point 𝑣𝑓 =
𝑣𝑓 = 0 𝑚/𝑠
0 𝑚/𝑠
𝐻 = 49𝑚
Maximum height
𝒕𝟏 =? 𝒔
reached ℎ =? 𝑚

𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2
ℎ=
0 = 14.7 − 9.8 × 𝑡1 2𝑎
0 − 14.7 2
9.8 × 𝑡1 = 14.7 ℎ=
2 × −9.8
𝒉 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝒎
14.7 −216.09 𝒗𝒇 =? 𝒎/𝒔
𝑡1 = = 1.5 𝑠 ℎ= = 11.025 𝑚
9.8 −19.6
 P#4. A boy throws a ball upward from the top of a cliff with a
speed of 14.7 m/s. On the way down it just misses the thrower and 𝒗𝒊
fall the ground 49meter below
ℎ
1
𝑣𝑖 = 0 𝑚/𝑠 𝑆 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡2 2
2
ℎ = 11.025 𝑚 1
60.025 = 0 × 𝑡 + × 9.8 × 𝑡2 2
Distance covered 2
below the cliff 60.025 = 4.9𝑡2 2
𝐻 = 49 𝑚 60.025
𝑡2 2 =
Total time taken 𝑡 =? 𝑠 4.9
2 𝐻 = 49𝑚
𝑡2 = 12.255
S be the total vertical distance
𝑡2 = 3.5 𝑠
covered from the highest point
to the ground, then Total time
𝑆=ℎ+𝐻 𝑡 = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2
𝑆 = 11.025 + 49 t = 1.5 + 3.5
𝑆 = 60.025𝑚 t= 5.0 sec 𝒗𝒇 =? 𝒎/𝒔
 P#4. A boy throws a ball upward from the top of a cliff with a
speed of 14.7 m/s. On the way down it just misses the thrower and 𝒗𝒊
fall the ground 49meter below
ℎ

𝑣𝑖 = 0 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎 = 𝑔 = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2

𝑡 = 3.5 𝑠
Final velocity at the ground 𝑣𝑓 =? 𝑚/𝑠 𝐻 = 49𝑚

𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑣𝑓 = 0 + 9.8 × 3.5

𝒗𝒇 = 𝟑𝟒. 𝟑 𝒎/𝒔
𝒗𝒇 =? 𝒎/𝒔
A boy throws a ball upward from the top of a tower with a speed of 12 m/s. On the way
down it just misses the thrower and falls to the ground 50 m below. Find how long the
ball remains in the air. 2008:
 P#5. A helicopter weighs 3920 Newtons. Calculate the force on it if it is ascending at a rate of
2m/s2. What will be the force on helicopter if it is moving up with the constant speed of 4m/s

Weight of the helicopter W=3920 N Total acceleration of helicopter

𝑔 = −9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑎𝑇 = 𝑎 + 𝑔 𝑎 𝑇 = 2 + 9.8
𝒂 = 𝟐𝒎/𝒔𝟐
Mass of helicopter 𝑎 𝑇 = 11.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 𝑇 𝐹 = 4000 × 11.8

𝑚=
𝑊 𝑭 = 𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟎 𝑵
𝑔
3920
𝑚= = 400 𝑘𝑔
9.8 𝑎 = 0 𝑚/𝑠 2
Upward acceleration of helicopter
𝑎𝑇 = 𝑎 + 𝑔 𝑎 𝑇 = 0 + 9.8
𝑎 = 2 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑎 𝑇 = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2

𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 𝑇 𝐹 = 4000 × 9.8
P#7 A car weighing 9800Nis moving with a speed of 40km/h. On the application of the brakes it
comes to rest after travelling a distance of 50m. Calculate the average retarding force.

𝑆 = 50𝑚
𝑣𝑖 = 11.111 𝑚/𝑠 𝑣𝑓 = 0 𝑚/𝑠

𝑎 =? 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑊 = 9800 𝑁
𝐹 = ?𝑁
𝑔 = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
Mass of car 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔 𝐹 = 1000 × −1.234
𝑊 9800 𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2
𝑚= 𝑚= = 1000 𝑘𝑔 𝑆= 𝑭 = −𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟒. 𝟑𝟐 𝑵
𝑔 9.8 2𝑎
𝑘𝑚 1000 × 40 𝑚 𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2
𝑣𝑖 = 40 = 𝑎=
ℎ 60 × 60 𝑠 2𝑆
𝑣𝑖 = 11.111 𝑚/𝑠 0 − 11.1112
𝑎=
𝑆 = 50𝑚 2 × 50

𝑣𝑓 = 0 𝑚/𝑠 𝒂 = −𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟒 𝒎/𝒔𝟐

P#8 An electron in a vacuum tube starting from rest is uniformly accelerated by an electric field
so that it has a speed of 6 × 106 m/sec after covering a distance of 1.8 cm. Find the force acting
on the electron.

𝑚𝑒 = 9.1 × 10−31 𝑘𝑔
𝑣𝑖 = 0 𝑚/𝑠
1.8
𝑆 = 1.8 𝑐𝑚 = = 0.018 𝑚
100
𝑣𝑓 = 6 × 106 𝑚/𝑠

𝑎 =? 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝐹 = ?𝑁

𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2
𝑆=
2𝑎
6 × 106 2 − 0 𝐹 = 9.1 × 10−31 × 1.6 × 1014
𝑎=
𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2 2 × 0.018
𝑎=
2𝑆
𝒂 = 𝟏. 𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
 P#14 A cyclist is going up a slope of 30o with a speed of 3.5m/s. If he stops paddling, how
much distance will he move before coming to rest?
𝜃 = 30° 𝑣𝑓 = 0𝑚/𝑠
𝑣𝑖 = 3.5 𝑚/s
𝑔 = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑣𝑓 = 0𝑚/𝑠
𝑣𝑖 = 3.5 𝑚/s

30o

𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2
𝑎 =? 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑆=
2𝑎
𝑆 =? 𝑚
0 − 3.52
𝑆=
2 × −4.9
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃

𝑎 = 9.8 × sin 30
 P#15. The engine of a motor car moving up 45o slope with a speed of 63km/h stops working
suddenly. How far will the car move before coming to rest?
𝜃 = 45° 𝑣𝑓 = 0𝑚/𝑠
63𝑘𝑚 63 × 1000
𝑣𝑖 = = = 17.5 𝑚/𝑠
ℎ 60 × 60
𝑣𝑓 = 0𝑚/𝑠 𝑣𝑖 = 3.5 𝑚/s

45o

𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2
𝑎 =? 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑆=
2𝑎
𝑆 =? 𝑚
0 − 17.52
𝑆=
2 × −6.929
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃

𝑎 = 9.8 × sin 45
 P#16 In problem (15) find the distance that the car moves, if its weight is 19600N and the
frictional force is 2000N.
𝜃 = 45° 𝑣𝑓 = 0𝑚/𝑠
63𝑘𝑚 63 × 1000
𝑣𝑖 = = = 17.5 𝑚/𝑠
ℎ 60 × 60
𝑣𝑓 = 0𝑚/𝑠 𝑣𝑖 = 3.5 𝑚/s

45o
𝑊 = 19600 𝑁
𝑊
𝑚= 𝑓
𝑔 𝑎 = 𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 −
𝑚 𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2
19600 2000 𝑆=
𝑚= 𝑎 = −9.8 × sin 45 − 2𝑎
9.8 2000
m= 2000 𝑘𝑔 𝑎 = −6.929 − 1 0 − 17.52
𝑆=
𝑓 = 2000 𝑁 2 × −7.929

𝑎 =? 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑆 =? 𝑚
 A truck starts from rest at the top of a slope which is 1m high and 49m long. Find its
acceleration' and speed at the bottom of the slope assuming that friction is negligible.

𝑔 = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑣𝑖 = 0 𝑚/s 𝑣𝑖 = 0𝑚/𝑠
𝑣𝑓 = ? 𝑚/𝑠

𝑣𝑓 =? 𝑚/s
ℎ = 1𝑚

1
𝑎 = 9.8
49
2 0.2 49 + 0 = 𝑣𝑓2
𝑎 =? 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝑣𝑓 = ? 𝑚/𝑠 𝑣𝑓2 = 19.6
𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2
𝑆=
2𝑎 𝑣𝑓2 = 19.6
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 2𝑎𝑆 = 𝑣𝑓2 − 𝑣𝑖2
ℎ
𝑎=𝑔 2𝑎𝑆 + 𝑣𝑖2 = 𝑣𝑓2
𝑆
https://iwant2study.org/ospsg/index.php/interactive-
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