Overview of operating system:

Microsoft :
1. MS-DOS or PC-DOS (Disk Operating System)
(CLI : Command line interface)
IBM (International Business Machine)
Initial Version DOS 1.0 August 1981.
2. Higher Version of DOS 5.x : 1990 (CLI)
3. Microsoft had a version of Graphical User
interface (GUI) called as Windows 3.0.
4. In 1995 : Windows 95
5. Windows 98
6. Windows 2000
7. Windows ME
8. Windows XP
9. Windows Vista 11. Windows 8 and 8.1
10. Windows 7 12. Windows 10 channel link :
https://www.youtube.com/c/ComputerScienceAcademy7
Overview of operating system:
Windows 98
The features of windows 98 are as mentioned below:
1. Easier to use: Windows 98 is single user multitasking operating system.
• Navigating around your computer is easier in Windows 98. You can open a file by
single click.
• You can use multiple monitors with a single computer. Thus you can increase the size
of your work space.
• Installation of new hardware is easy because Windows 98 supports the universal serial
bus (USB) standard, allowing you to plug in new hardware and use it immediately
without restarting your computer.
• With Windows 98 we can use digital cameras and other digital imaging devices
2. Faster:
• Windows and programs open faster than ever before.
• By using maintenance wizard, the Computer speed and efficiency can be improved.
• You can use FAT 32 file system to store files more efficiently and save hard disk space.
Overview of operating system:
Windows 98
The features of windows 98 are as mentioned below:
3. True web integration: 4. More entertaining:
• Using world wide web is easier and • Windows 98 supports DVD and digital
faster. audio,
• The connection to web is simple. • you can play high quality digital movies
• Web pages can be viewed in any and audio on the Computer.
window. • The television broadcast also be
• You can make your favorite web page. observed on Computer.
• In Microsoft outlook express you can
send e-mail and post messages to
Internet newsgroup.
• The conferences on Internet can be
arranged.
Overview of operating system:
Windows 98
The Windows 98 consist of program manager, file manager and control panel.
1. Program manager:
• It provides User Interface to start and stop application.
• It is used to organize various applications into different graphs.
• It is also used to end the MS - Windows Sections,
2. File manager:
• It is tool to help to organize user files and directories.
• It can also be used to traverse through the file system and to change drive.
• It is also used to search, copy, move, create or delete files and directories.
• Application can be started directly from the file manager by clicking devices.
3. Control panel:
• It can be used to choose or change schemes in the applications.
• It can also be used to select and display the background of the screen.
• We can add or remove fonts and view fonts on the screen.
• It can also be used to configure printers and other ports on the P.C.
Overview of operating system:
Windows NT
• Windows NT is a multiuser and multitasking operating system.
• It has all the features of a modern operating system.
• It has virtual memory management, threads, preemptive multitasking,
symmetric multiprocessing and built in networking.
• It has modular and portable design.
The features of windows NT are as mentioned below
• Windows NT is a multiuser, multitasking and multithreading
operating system.
• You will get a fast response when multiple applications are running.
• Tasks are scheduled by the operating system by giving a time slice to
each task and when its time slice is over, the next one is started.
• The previously running task is resumed when its turn comes again.
Overview of operating system:
Windows NT
The features of windows NT are as mentioned below
• In multithreading, a task can be subdivided into smaller units called threads.
• Each thread has an independent flow of control within a task.
• Different threads can be scheduled and executed independently.
• Symmetric multiprocessing will allow windows NT to schedule various tasks
on any CPU in a multiprocessor system.
• Windows NT is built as a 32-bit operating system.
• Windows NT supports virtual memory management.
• Windows NT supports File transfer, E-mail services and resource sharing on a network.
• Windows NT can interact with all networking systems like Novell's Netware.
• Windows NT uses New technology File System (NTFS).
• In NTFS, File names can be 256 characters long.
• NTFS also implements fault tolerance, security and has support for very large files.
Overview of operating system:
Linux
• Linux is rapidly evolving operating system.
• It is similar to UNIX system. It is also compatible with UNIX.
• Linux's development began in 1991. A student, Linus Torvalds, wrote kernel for 32 bit
processor.
• In early days, Linux source code was available for free on internet.
• So many users around the world have contributed in the development of Linux.
• The basic Linux system is a standard environment for applications and for user
programming The Linux kernel is distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL).
• Linux is not public domain software.
• Public domain implies that the authors have waived copyright over the software.
• The copyright over Linux is still held by the Code's various authors.
• Linux is free software.
• It is free in sense that people can copy it, modify it, use it in any manner they want.
Linux
Components of Linux system
The Linux is composed of three main bodies of code
1. Kernel:
• Kernel maintains all important abstractions of the operating system. Such as
processes and virtual memory.
2. System libraries:
• System libraries define a standard set of functions through which
applications can interact with the kernel, and which implements much of the
operating system functionality.
3. System utilities:
• These are programs that perform individual, specialized management tasks.
Some system utilities may be invoked just once to initialize and configure
some aspects of system.
Features of Linux :
1. Linux is multiuser, multitasking operating system with a full set of Unix
compatible tools.
2. Linux runs on a wide variety of platforms.
3. It was developed exclusively on PC Architecture
4. It provides as much as functionality from limited resources. It can run on
machine having 4 MB of RAM.
5. Linux present standard interfaces to both the programmer and user.
6. Linux supports a wide base of applications.
7. Linux is free software.
8. The file system in LINUX obeys UNIX semantics.
9. The memory management system uses page sharing and copy-on-write to
minimize duplication of data shared by different processes.
10. Pages are loaded on demand when they are referenced first.