MODULE 3

Designof Interior Lightin

g
3- SYLLABUS
 Maintenance Factor / Depreciation Factor
•Ratio of illumination under normal working conditions to the
•
illumination when everything in clean or when the luminaire is
installed.
• Always less than 1
• Due to the accumulation of dust, dirt and smoke on the lamps, lamps
emit less light than they emit when clean.
• Frequent cleaning will improve the maintenance factor.
• Greater if the lamp fittings are cleaned regularly (0.8)
• If much dust is accumulated, it is 0.6
• As a rule of thumb, 0.8 is chosen as a Maintenance factor.
Quick Consideration of Maintenance factor

Lamp Maintenance Total

Room Maintenance Factor for dirty Maintenance
Classification Factor lamp Factor
Very clean 0.09 0.85 0.9
Clean 0.9 0.9 0.8
Average 0.9 0.8 0.7
Dirty 0.9 0.7 0.6
 Environment Activity or Task Area

Clean rooms, semiconductor plants, hospital

Very Clean clinical areas, computer centers

Clean Offices, schools, hospital wards

Shops, laboratories, restaurants, warehouses,
Normal assembly areas, workshops
dirty
Steelworks, chemical works, foundries, welding,
polishing, woodwork
Quick Consideration of Maintenance Factor

Enclosed fixture, clean room 0.80

Average conditions 0.70

Open fixture or dirty room 0.60

 Utilization Factor / Coefficient of
• Utilization
Ratio of the total number of lumens reaching the working plane to
•
the total number of lumens emitting from the source
• Indicates the effectiveness of the lighting scheme.
• Depends on
• Mounting height of the lamps- utilization factor decreases with increase in
mounting height of lamps
• Area to be Illuminated – for a given height, proportion of direct light becomes
more and more if floor area increases i.e.., utilization factor increases with
• increase in area to be illuminated.
• Type of lighting-more for direct lighting and low for indirect lighting
Colors of surroundings – more for light colors and less f or dark colors. Its
value range from 0.25 to 0.5 for direct lighting and 0.1 to 0.25 for
indirect
 Uniformity Ratio
•
• Ratio of maximum-to-minimum illumination levels
• IESNA# recommendation is 15:1, for parking lot. This means there can
be 15 times more illumination when measured in one area of the
parking lot compared to another.

# IESNA: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America

 Direct Ratio
•
• Proportion of the total downward flux from the luminaires which falls
directly on the working plane.
 REFLECTION FACTOR
•
• The ratio of luminous flux leaving the surface to the luminous
flux
incident on it.

• Value will be always less than 1

 Room Index
•
Measure of the angular size of the room
•
• Ratio of the sum of the plan areas of the F
(Floor Cavity) and C surfaces (Ceiling Cavity) to
the area of the W (Wall) surface.
• For rectangular rooms the room index is given
by:
Where:
L – the length of the room

𝑊 – the width of the room

HM – the height of the luminaire plane above the horizontal
reference plane.
 Space to Mounting Height Ratio (SHR)
•
• Ratio of distance between the adjacent
luminaires (Center to center) to their
height above the working plane

Where, HM - Mounting Height

A – Total floor area
N- number of luminaires

• Maximum Spacing to Height Ratio

• Luminaire spacing (provided by manufacturer)
shall not exceed the maximum
to endure uniformity.
 Light Loss Factor
•
• Ratio of the illuminance produced by the lighting installation at the
some specified time to the illuminance produced by the same
installation when new
• Allows for the effects such as decrease in light output caused by
• the fall in lamp luminous flux with hours of use,
• the deposition of dirt on luminaire
• reflectance of room surfaces over time.

LLMF – lamp lumen maintenance factor

LMF – Luminaire maintenance factor
RSMF – room surface maintenance factor.

12
 Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor (LLMF)
•
• Proportion of initial light output of a lamp produced after a set time
to those produced when new.
• Allows for the decline in the lumen output from a lamp with age.
• Determined by
• Consulting the lamp manufacturer’s catalog for a lumen depreciation chart.
• Dividing the maintained lumens by the initial lamps.

13
Lamp Lumen Maintenance Factor (LLMF)

Operating Hours
Lamp Type
4000 Hr. 6000 Hr. 8000 Hr. 10000 Hr. 12000 Hr.
High Pressure Sodium 0.98 0.97 0.94 0.91 0.9
Metal Halide 0.82 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.73
High Pressure Mercury 0.87 0.83 0.8 0.78 0.76
Low Pressure Sodium 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.9 0.87
Tubular Fluorescent 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91
Compact Fluorescent 0.91 0.88 0.86 0.85 0.84
 Luminaire Maintenance Factor
•
• Proportion of light output from a luminaire after a set time to the
initial output from a lamp after a set time.
• Constitutes the greatest loss in light output
• Mainly due to the accumulation of atmospheric dirt.
• Factors determine LMF
• Type of luminaire
• Atmospheric conditions
• Maintenance level.

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Viswajyothi College of

15
Engineering and Technology
 Luminar Maintenance Factor
(LMF) Expose Time
Type of Distribution Environment Condition
1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year

Very Clean 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.9 0.88 0.87

Clean 0.93 0.89 0.85 0.82 0.79 0.77
Open Distribution
Normal 0.89 0.84 0.79 0.75 0.7 0.67
Dirty 0.83 0.78 0.73 0.69 0.65 0.62

Very Clean 0.95 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.84 0.82

Clean 0.9 0.84 0.79 0.74 0.7 0.67
Direct Distribution
Normal 0.86 0.8 0.74 0.69 0.64 0.6
Dirty 0.83 0.75 0.68 0.62 0.57 0.53

Very Clean 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.85

Clean 0.88 0.83 0.79 0.75 0.72 0.7
Closed Distribution
Normal 0.82 0.77 0.73 0.69 0.65 0.62
Dirty 0.77 0.71 0.66 0.61 0.57 0.53

Very Clean 0.93 0.88 0.85 0.82 0.79 0.77

Clean 0.86 0.77 0.7 0.64 0.59 0.55
Indirect-Distribution
Normal 0.81 0.66 0.55 0.48 0.43 0.4
Dirty 0.74 0.57 0.45 0.38 0.33 0.3
Room Surface Maintenance
Factor
The proportion of the illuminance provided by the lighting installation
in a room after a set time compared with that occurred when the
• room was clean.
• Takes into account the dirt accumulateson room surfaces and
reduces surface reflectance.

Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Viswajyothi College of

17
Engineering and Technology
Room Surface Maintenance Factor (Annual
Clean) – RSMF
Type of 1 Year Room Clean 3 Year Room Clean
Room
Direct Direct
Direct Direct
/Indirect /Indirect
Luminaires Luminaires
Luminaires Luminaires
Very
0.97 0.96 0.97 0.95
Clean
Clean 0.95 0.91 0.94 0.91
Normal 0.91 0.84 0.9 0.83
Dirty 0.86 0.75 0.86 0.75
Light Output Ratio of
Luminaire
• Light Output Ratio (LOR)
• A measure of light received outside the lamp
• In other words it is the measure of amount of light lust inside the lamp/luminaire

• Downward Light Output Ratio (DLOR)

Upward Light Output Ratio (ULOR)

•

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Selection of Utilization Factor w.r.t.
Room
Reflectance
Utilization factor
Room Reflectance
and Room
Room Index
Index
Ceiling Wall Floor 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5
0.7 0.5 0.2 0.43 0.49 0.55 0.6 0.66 0.71 0.75 0.8 0.83
0.7 0.3 0.2 0.35 0.41 0.47 0.52 0.59 0.65 0.69 0.75 0.78
0.7 0.1 0.2 0.29 0.35 0.41 0.46 0.53 0.59 0.63 0.7 0.74
0.5 0.5 0.2 0.38 0.44 0.49 0.53 0.59 0.63 0.66 0.7 0.73
0.5 0.3 0.2 0.31 0.37 0.42 0.46 0.53 0.58 0.61 0.66 0.7
0.5 0.1 0.2 0.27 0.32 0.37 0.41 0.48 0.53 0.57 0.62 0.66
0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.37 0.41 0.45 0.52 0.57 0.6 0.65 0.69
0.3 0.3 0.2 0.28 0.33 0.38 0.41 0.47 0.51 0.54 0.59 0.62
0.3 0.1 0.2 0.24 0.29 0.34 0.37 0.43 0.48 0.51 0.56 0.59
0 0 0 0.19 0.23 0.27 0.3 0.35 0.39 0.42 0.46 0.48
Types of Fixtures - Interior Lighting
Recessed Cove Lighting Fixture
•
• Recessed Lighting Fixture
• Indirect Pendant Lighting Fixture
• Direct/Indirect Pendant Lighting Fixture
•
Wall Wash Light Fixture
•
Wall Scone
•
• Task Lighting
Under Cabinet Light Fixture
Typesof Fixtures in Interior Lighting

• Recessed Cove Lighting Fixture

• Recessed Lighting Fixture
• Indirect Pendant Lighting Fixture
• Direct/Indirect Pendant Lighting Fixture
• Wall Wash Light Fixture
• Wall Scone
•
Task Lighting
•
Under Cabinet Light Fixture
1.Recessed #Cove Lighting Fixture
Mounted in a light cove, which is built above
•
the ceiling at the intersection of the ceiling and
the wall.
• Directs the light toward the wall.
•
It is important that trim at the edge of the
cove is tall enough to hide the lighting fixture
otherwise the lamp may be visible, which is
unappealing.
#Cove - a concave arch or arched moulding, especially one formed at the junction of a wall with a ceiling.
2.Recessed Lighting Fixture
Most common fixtures used in
• commercial and institutional
construction.

• Fixtures are sized to work with common

ceiling tile sizes.
•
While fluorescent lamps have been most
popular in the past, many facilities are
shifting to LED fixtures because they last
longer and require less maintenance.
3. Indirect Pendant Lighting Fixture

• Hang from the ceiling and are usually suspended

from cables.
• The lamp is completely hidden from below and a
reflector directs all of the light up toward the
•
ceiling.
This type of fixture offers a softer and more even
• distribution of light within the space.
• best used for general lighting
• not appropriate for task lighting.
The ceiling color should be light so that it reflects
as much light as possible.
4. Direct / Indirect Lighting Fixture Pendant
• hangs from the ceiling, but it directs
light up and down.
• used a lot in offices where general
lighting is required, but there is also a
need for task lighting immediately
below the fixture.
•
designed in variations that distribute
differing amounts of light up and down
so that a designer has control over the
light distribution.
5.Wall Wash Light Fixture

• Wall wash fixtures are recessed lights with

reflectors that direct the light toward the
wall.
• Most often used to highlight art, signage, or
other items on a wall.
6. Wall Sconce

• A wall sconce is a decorative fixture that is

mounted to a wall.

• Provide general room lighting, but are

mostly decorative.
7. Task
Lighting
Generic description for lights that are used
to illuminate specific tasks or work that is
being done.
••
Can be lamps, lights mounted to desks,
under cabinet lights, or any lighting that
helps people see their work better.
8.Under Cabinet Light Fixture
Lights are often mounted below cabinets so
•
that tasks on the counter below can be seen
easily.
•
Found in homes and offices
•
Generally controlled from a nearby switch
or a switch on the light fixture.
 Entrance Lighting
• Entryway to home gives guests their first impression of interior space.

• Chandeliers, ceiling fixtures, recessed lighting, table lamps, variety of light fixtures.

• Considering the scale of the entryway along with any furniture, artworks or mirrors that you might want to highlight.

• Select fixtures that complement the architecture and design of your home while casting the right glow.
Entrance Lighting
 Staircase lighting
• Stairs, are the most functional yet the most ignored part of our homes.

• A well-lit stairway can be more than just a beautiful piece to look at, it serves as a safety
feature while still bringing your interiors together and making it look cohesive.

• Wall light, Recessed light, Strip light, Pendant lights

 Staircase Lighting
• Staircase lightening- functional and can add creative lighting.
• Problematic areas into an instant highlight with the perfect nighttime landscape.
• Adding lights in the steps is about adding highlights in décor, and is also a security measure.
• It can be as simple as adding lights on every step.
• Safety is first and for that case, therefore the lighting should show the separation between steps.
• Following are some Staircase Lighting Design:
Corridor Lighting
• Corridor lights provides wide light and makes the corridor look attractive.
• Provide economic and efficient solution by using intelligent light management system.
• Relatively high brightness is required
• All entry points are covered and there is complete coverage.
• Using ‘corridor hold’ to link illumination levels to occupancy in adjacent areas
• Whether lights should be off or at a set-back level when unoccupied.
• Availability of natural light – switch off, hold off or regulate the luminaires accordingly.