Maths Smart Short Notes

Binomial Theorem

Maths Short Notes For

CBSE Boards JEE Mains & JEE Advanced
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Maths Smart Short Notes

BINOMIAL THEOREM
IMPORTANT TERM GREATEST TERM
General Term: n +1
• Tp & Tp +1 ; if is an integer.
x
Tr+1 = n Cr Xn-r .Yr +1
a
Middle term: n +1
• Tq +1; if is non integer and  ( q, q + 1) ,q  I.
x
n n
+1
• n is even T(n+2) = n C n .x 2 .y 2 . a
2 2

• n is odd T(n+1) & T (n+1)  . MULTINOMIAL THEOREM

2   +1
 2 
For any n  N,

( )
n
IF A +B = I + f, WHERE I & n ARE n!
POSITIVE INTEGERS &0  F  1
• ( x1 + x2 + .... + xk )n =  r !
r1 + r2 +...+ rk = n 1 2r !....r !
x1r1 x2r2 ....xkrk
k

• General term in the above expansion is

• ( I + f ) . f = k n ;if n is odd & A − B 2 = K  0 . n!
x1r1 x2r2 ....xkrk .
• ( I + f ) (1 − f ) = k n ;if n is even & A − B1 . r1 !r2 !....rk !
n + k −1
• Total no. of terms is Ck −1 .
SOME RESULTS ON BINOMIAL
COEFFICIENTS BINOMIAL THEOREM FOR NEGATIVE OR
• n
Cx = n C y . FRACTIONAL INDICES

• n
Cr −1 + n Cr =n+1 Cx . • If n  Q, then
C1 C2 C 2n+1 − 1 n ( n − 1) 2 n ( n − 1) (n − 2) 3
• C0 + + + ...... n = . (1 + x)n = 1 + nx + x + x + ....
2 3 n +1 n +1 2! 3!
provided x 1 .
( −1) Cn = 1 .
n
C C C
• C0 − 1 + 2 − 3 ...... +
2 3 4 n +1 n +1 NOTES
• C0 + C1 + C2 + ..... = Cn = 2 .
n

n −1
1. (1 − x)−1 = 1 + x + x 2 + x3 + ..... .
• C0 + C2 + C4 ..... = C1 + C3 + C5 + ..... = 2 .
2. (1 + x)−1 = 1 − x + x 2 − x3 + ..... .
• C02 + C12 + C 22 + ..... + C n2 =2 n Cn =
( 2n ) ! . 3. (1 − x)2 = 1 + 2 x + 3x 2 + 4 x3 + ..... .
n !n !
4. (1 + x)2 = 1 − 2 x + 3x 2 − 4 x3 + ..... .
• C0 .Cr + C1.Cr +1 + C2 .Cr + 2 + ..... + Cn −r .Cn =
( 2n ) !
( n + r )!( n − r )!
GREATEST COEFFIECIENT

• If n is even n C n .
2

• If n is odd  C( n −1) or nC( n +1) .

n

2 2
2
Maths Smart Short Notes

EXPONENTIAL SERIES

x x 2 x3
1. e x = 1 + + + + .... ; where x = real or
1! 2! 3!
n

complex no. and e = lim 1+
1  .
 
 n →
n
2 3
x x x
2. a x = 1 + ln a + ln 2 a + ln 3 a + .....,
1! 2! 3!
where a 0 .

LOGARITHMIC SERIES

x 2 x3 x 4
1. ln (1 + x ) = x − + − + ...., where
2 3 4
−1 x  1.
x 2 x3 x 4
2. ln (1 − x ) = − x − − − − ...., where
2 3 4
−1  x1.

3. ln
(1 + x ) = 2  x + x3 + x5 + ....  , x 1 .
(1 − x )  3 5 
