JUSTICE BASHEER AHMED SAYEED COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

(Autonomous) Afternoon Session Chennai 18.

S.I.E.T.

Various forms of Energy

13 August 2020 Presenter Name: Dr. Ms. C. M. Sai Prasanna

 Energy
• Energy exists in many forms.
• Energy is the capacity of an object to do work.
• Energy can be changed from one form to another.
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy is used to do almost everything such as jumping, walking and the
operation of machinery
Energy cannot be created or destroyed – it may change forms
The units of energy are ergs or joules.
Ex: Electricity, food humans consume
95 J heat out
100 J electricity in

5 J light out
 Energy

Renewable Energy Non- Renewable Energy

Sources Sources
Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources
Renewable energy is from sources that can be replenished easily
while non-renewable energy cannot be easily replenished.

Example of renewable energy is wind energy while fossil fuel is an example

of non-renewable energy.

In physics, energy is explained as the thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the

capacity of a physical system to do work. The units of energy are ergs or joules.
FORMS of Energy
Potential Energy
The energy in matter due to its position or the arrangement of its parts
(stored energy)
Potential energy is any form of energy that has stored potential that can be put to
future use. Examples include nuclear energy, chemical energy, etc.
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy is the energy in moving objects or mass.
Examples include mechanical energy, electrical energy etc.
VARIOUS types of Energy
All energy involves either motion or position.
Examples:
• Thermal Energy
• Chemical Energy
• Mechanical Energy
• Nuclear Energy
• Electrical Energy
• Sound Energy
• Radiant & Light Energy
• Motion Energy
• Elastic Energy
• Gravitational Energy
Thermal Energy
(Heat Energy)
All matter is made up of particles that are constantly
moving; therefore all matter has kinetic energy.
1. At higher temperatures, particles move faster, thus
having more kinetic energy and greater thermal
energy.
2. Particles that are further apart have more energy
than particles that are closer together.
3. Thermal energy also depends on the number of
particles.
4. Ex: Steam has more energy than an ice cube
Chemical Energy
Molecules that have a lot of bonds between atoms
tend to have a lot of chemical energy – gasoline
(flammable liquid)
It is the energy that holds these particles together
Ex: Stored chemical energy found in food, biomass
When wood burns, the chemical energy stored in the
wood is used to heat the house.
When you eat a marshmallow, chemical energy stored in
the sugar molecules becomes available for you to use.
• Energy is released by a chemical reaction
• The food you eat contains chemical energy that
is released when you digest your meal
• Wood, coal, gasoline, and natural gas are fuels
that contain chemical energy
• The chemical bonds in a matchstick store
energy that is transformed into thermal energy
when the match is struck.
 Mechanical Energy
• Energy that moves objects from place to place
• You use mechanical energy when you kick a
ball or turn the pedals of a bicycle
• Other examples include water flowing in a
stream, tires rolling down a road and sound
waves from your device.
 Nuclear Energy
The energy associated with changes in the nucleus of an atom. It is the energy contained in the nucleus of an
atom.
Produced 2 ways:
1. When 2 or more nuclei join together In the sun, hydrogen nuclei join together to
2. When the nucleus of an atom split apart make a larger helium nucleus. This reaction
releases a huge amount of energy, which
allows the sun to light and heat the Earth.

The nuclei of some atoms, such as Uranium,

store a lot of potential energy. When work is
done to split these nuclei apart, energy is
released. This nuclear energy is used to
generate electrical energy, which will run
nuclear power plants.
 Uranium is the key raw material. Uranium is mined from many places around the world. It is processed (to get
enriched uranium, i.e. the radioactive isotope) into tiny pellets. These pellets are loaded into long rods that are
put into the power plant's reactor.
 Inside the reactor of an atomic power plant, uranium atoms are split apart in controlled chain reaction. Other fissile
material includes plutonium and thorium.
 In a chain reaction, particles released by the splitting of the atom, strike other uranium atoms and split them. The
particles released by this, further split other atoms in a chain process. In nuclear power plants, control rods are
used to keep the splitting regulated, so that it does not occur too fast. These are called moderators.
 The chain reaction gives off heat energy. This heat energy is used to boil heavy water (D 2O) in the core of the reactor
So, instead of burning a fuel, nuclear power plants use the energy released by the chain reaction to change the energy
of atoms into heat energy.
 The heavy water from around the nuclear core is sent to another section of the power plant.
 Here it heats another set of pipes filled with water to make steam. The steam in this second set of pipes rotates a
turbine to generate electricity.
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12 August 2020 Presenter Name: 19
Pros and cons of nuclear power
Advantages:
Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2).
The contribution of nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore relatively little.
It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical energy in one single plant.

Disadvantages:
The problem of safe disposal of radioactive waste exists
There exists high risks and the consequences of damage is great when accidents happen
The raw material Uranium is a scarce resource. Its supply is estimated to last only for the next 30
to 60 years, depending on the actual demand.
 Electrical Energy
 The energy of moving electrons.
 The electrical energy produced by moving electrons (120
times per second) is used to do work.
 Any form of light has electromagnetic energy, including
parts of the spectrum we can't see. Radio, gamma rays, X-
rays, microwaves, and ultraviolet light are some examples of
electromagnetic energy.
 It can be generated at a power plant or inside a battery and
can power everything from remote-controlled cars to
refrigerators
 Easily transported through power lines and converted into
other forms of energy.
Sonic Energy
 Sonic energy is the energy of sound waves.
Sound waves travel through the air or
another medium. Example: A song played on
a stereo, our voice.
Sound energy is the movement of energy
through substances.
It moves in waves and is produced when a
force makes an object or substance vibrate.
There is usually much less energy in sound
than in other forms of energy.
 Radiant & Light Energy
 Also known as light energy or
electromagnetic energy ; Radiant energy is a
type of kinetic energy that travels in waves.
 Examples include the energy from the sun,
X-rays and radio waves.
 Energy that can move through empty space.
 The sun and stars are powerful sources of
radiant energy.
 The light given off by light bulbs and
campfires are also forms of radiant energy.
 Light energy is a form of electromagnetic
radiation.
 Light consists of photons, which are produced
when an object's atoms heat up.
Light travels in waves and is the only form of
energy visible to the human eye.
Motion Energy
Motion energy – or mechanical energy – is the energy stored in objects; as objects move
faster, more energy is stored. Examples of motion energy include wind, a flowing river, a
moving car, or a person running.
Elastic Energy
Elastic energy is a form of potential energy which is stored in an elastic object - such as a
coiled spring or a stretched elastic band. Elastic objects store elastic energy when a force
causes them to be stretched or squashed.
Gravitational Energy
Gravitational energy is a form of potential energy. It is energy associated with gravity or
gravitational force – in other words, the energy held by an object when it is in a high
position compared to a lower position. Gravitational energy is that energy held by an object
in a gravitational field. Examples include water flowing down a waterfall.
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