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The document contains lecture notes on Digital Communication prepared by faculty at Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore. It outlines the vision and mission of the institution and department, course objectives, outcomes, and a detailed syllabus covering various topics in digital communication. Key areas include signal representation, modulation techniques, and performance analysis in communication systems.

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DC 17scheme

Uploaded by

Ishwar Y.S

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Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru

Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore

Belawadi, SrirangaPattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi & Recognized by Government of Karnataka

Lecture Notes on
Digital Communication(17EC61)

Prepared by
Prof Siddhanna Janai
Prof Ravikumar H
Dr Ramanna Havinal

Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Belawadi, Sriranga Pattana Taluk, Mandya – 571 477

Vision/ ಆಶಯ
“To be recognized as a premier technical and management institution promoting extensive
education fostering research, innovation and entrepreneurial attitude"
ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ, ಆವಿಷ್ಕಾ ರ ಹಾಗೂ ಉದ್ಯ ಮಶೋಲತೆಯನ್ನು ಉತೆತ ೋಜಿಸುವ ಅಗ್ರ ಮಾನ್ಯ ತಾಂತ್ರರ ಕ ಮತ್ತತ ಆಡಳಿತ

ವಿಜ್ಞಾ ನ್ ಶಕ್ಷಣ ಕಾಂದ್ರ ವಾಗಿ ಗುರುತ್ರಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳು ವುದು.

Mission/ ಧ್ಯ ೇಯ
➢ To empower students with indispensable knowledge through dedicated teaching and
collaborative learning.
ಸಮರ್ಪಣಾ ಮನೋಭಾವದ್ ಬೋಧನೆ ಹಾಗೂ ಸಹಭಾಗಿತವ ದ್ ಕಲಿಕಾಕರ ಮಗ್ಳಿಾಂದ್ ವಿದ್ಯಯ ರ್ಥಪಗ್ಳನ್ನು

ಅತಯ ತಾ ೃಷ್ಟ ಜ್ಞಾ ನ್ಸಂರ್ನ್ು ರಾಗಿಸುವುದು.

➢ To advance extensive research in science, engineering and management disciplines.

ವೈಜ್ಞಾ ನಿಕ, ತಾಂತ್ರರ ಕ ಹಾಗೂ ಆಡಳಿತ ವಿಜ್ಞಾ ನ್ ವಿಭಾಗ್ಗ್ಳಲಿಿ ವಿಸತ ೃತ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗ್ಳೊಡನೆ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ

ಹಾಂದುವುದು.

➢ To facilitate entrepreneurial skills through effective institute - industry collaboration and

interaction with alumni.
ಉದ್ಯ ಮ ಕ್ಷ ೋತಗ್ಳೊಡನೆ ಸಹಯೋಗ್, ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಯ ಹಿರಿಯ ವಿದ್ಯಯ ರ್ಥಪಗ್ಳೊಾಂದಿಗೆ ನಿರಂತರ ಸಂವಹನ್ಗ್ಳಿಾಂದ್

ವಿದ್ಯಯ ರ್ಥಪಗ್ಳಿಗೆ ಉದ್ಯ ಮಶೋಲತೆಯ ಕೌಶಲಯ ರ್ಡೆಯಲು ನೆರವಾಗುವುದು.

➢ To instill the need to uphold ethics in every aspect.

ಜಿೋವನ್ದ್ಲಿಿ ನೈತ್ರಕ ಮೌಲಯ ಗ್ಳನ್ನು ಅಳವಡಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳು ವುದ್ರ ಮಹತವ ದ್ ಕುರಿತ್ತ ಅರಿವು ಮೂಡಿಸುವುದು.

➢ To mould holistic individuals capable of contributing to the advancement of the society.

ಸಮಾಜದ್ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆಗೆ ಗ್ಣನಿೋಯ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ನಿೋಡಬಲಿ ರ್ರಿಪೂಣಪ ವಯ ಕ್ತತ ತವ ವುಳು ಸಮರ್ಪ ನಾಗ್ರಿೋಕರನ್ನು

ರೂಪಿಸುವುದು.

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Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT

“To be recognized by the society at large as offering value based quality education to groom the
next generation entrepreneurs, leaders and researchers in the field of electronics and
communication to meet the challenges at global level”.

MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT

1. To groom the students with strong foundations of Electronics and Communication
Engineering and to facilitate them to pursue higher education and research.
2. To educate and prepare the students to be competent to face the challenges of the
industry/society and /or to become successful entrepreneurs.
3. To provide ethical and value-based education by promoting activities addressing the societal
needs.
4. Enable students to develop skills to solve complex technological problems of current times
and also provide a framework for promoting collaborative and multidisciplinary activities.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

Students graduating in Electronics and Communication Engineering will also be able to
1. Apply the basic concepts of engineering science into various areas of Electronics and
Communication Engineering to develop solutions as per specifications.
2. Solve complex Electronics and Communication Engineering problems, using state of the art
hardware and software tools, along with analytical skills to arrive at cost effective and
efficient solutions.

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Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Program Outcomes

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader
in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

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Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Course Overview
Communication is the act of conveying information from one entity to another through a transmission
media. The collection of components which are used to accomplish communication is called
communication system. Basically, there are two types of communication namely: analog communication
and digital communication. Digital communication is the widely used type of communication because of
its enormous advantages.The course covers the basics about Hilbert transform, its properties,
representation of band pass signals, model of digital communication system, representation of signals,
Gram Schmidt orthogonalization procedure and optimum receivers. It also includes the concepts of Inter
symbol Interference, Controlled ISI and Zero ISI (Nyquist Criteria). It explains various types of digital
modulation techniques and spread spectrum technique.
The course enables the students to understand the basic concept of Hilbert transform, its
application, various types of line codes and Inter symbol Interference. It explains two fundamental issues
in Digital communication namely, detection and estimation in the presence of additive noise. Both
detection and estimation are used in determining the optimum design of a receiver. Detection Theory
deals with the design and evaluation of a decision-making processor that observes the received signal and
guesses which particular symbol has been transmitted according to some set of rules. It also enables the
students to gain knowledge about different modulation techniques, its probability of error and spread
spectrum technique.
Course Objectives
This course will enable students to:
1. Understand the mathematical representation of signal, symbol, noise and channels.
2. Apply the concept of signal conversion to symbols and signal processing to symbols in
transmitter and receiver functional blocks.
3. Compute performance issues and parameters for symbol processing and recovery in ideal
and corrupted channel conditions.
4. Compute performance parameters and mitigate for these parameters in corrupted and
distorted channel conditions

Course Outcomes
CO’s DESCRIPTION OF THE OUTCOMES
Apply the concepts of Mathematical transforms to understand the fundamentals
17EC61.1 of signals in digital communication, encoding formats and signaling over AWGN
channels.
Apply the concepts of Band pass sampling to digital transmission through band
17EC61.2
limited channels.
Analyze different digital modulation & detection techniques and spread spectrum
17EC61.3
techniques
Compute the performance parameters and transfer rates for low pass and
17EC61.4
bandpass symbol under ideal and corrupted band limited channels.

Dr Ramanna
Ravikumar H Siddhanna Janai Havinal Siddhanna Janai
Faculty Course Coordinator

Facilitator NBA Coordinator HOD

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Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Syllabus
Subject: Digital Communication Subject Code:17EC61
RBT
Module – 1
Level
Band pass Signal to Equivalent Low pass: Hilbert Transform, Pre envelopes, Complex
envelopes, Canonical representation of band pass signals, Complex low pass representation of L1
bandpass systems, Complex representation of band pass signals and systems (Text 1: 2.8, 2.9, L2
2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13). Line codes: Unipolar, Polar, Bipolar (AMI) and Manchester code and their L3
power spectral densities (Text 1: Ch 6.10). Overview of HDB3, B3ZS, B6ZS (Ref. 1: 7.2)
Module – 2
Signaling over AWGN Channels- Introduction, Geometric representation of signals, Gram- L1
Schmidt Orthogonalization procedure, Conversion of the continuous AWGN channel into a
L2
vector channel, Optimum receivers using coherent detection: ML Decoding, Correlation receiver,
matched filter receiver (Text 1: 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4). L3
Module -3
Digital Modulation Techniques: Phase shift Keying techniques using coherent detection:
generation, detection and error probabilities of BPSK and QPSK, M–ary PSK, M–ary QAM
(Relevant topics in Text 1 of 7.6, 7.7). Frequency shift keying techniques using Coherent L1
detection: BFSK generation, detection and error probability (Relevant topics in Text 1 of 7.8). L2
Non coherent orthogonal modulation techniques: BFSK, DPSK Symbol representation, Block L3
diagrams treatment of Transmitter and Receiver, Probability of error (without derivation of
probability of error equation) (Text 1: 7.11, 7.12. 7.13).
Module -4
Communication through Band Limited Channels: Digital Transmission through Band
limited channels: Digital PAM Transmission through Band limited Channels, Signal design for
Band limited Channels: Design of band limited signals for zero ISI–The Nyquist Criterion L1
(statement only), Design of band limited signals with controlled ISI-Partial Response signals,
L2
Probability of error for detection of Digital PAM: Probability of error for detection of Digital
PAM with Zero ISI, Symbol–by–Symbol detection of data with controlled ISI (Text 2: 9.1, 9.2, L3
9.3.1, 9.3.2). Channel Equalization: Linear Equalizers (ZFE, MMSE), Adaptive Equalizers (Text
2: 9.4.2).
Module -5

Principles of Spread Spectrum: Spread Spectrum Communication Systems: Model of a Spread

Spectrum Digital Communication System, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems, Effect of L1,
De-spreading on a narrowband Interference, Probability of error (statement only), Some L2,
applications of DS Spread Spectrum Signals, Generation of PN Sequences, Frequency Hopped L3
Spread Spectrum, CDMA based on IS-95 (Text 2: 11.3.1, 11.3.2, 11.3.3, 11.3.4, 11.3.5, 11.4.2).

Text Books:
1. Simon Haykin, “Digital Communication Systems”, John Wiley & sons, First Edition, 2014, ISBN
978-0-471-64735-5.
2. John G Proakis and Masoud Salehi, “Fundamentals of Communication Systems”, 2014 Edition,
Pearson Education, ISBN 978-8-131-70573-5.
Reference Books:
1. B.P.Lathi and Zhi Ding, “Modern Digital and Analog communication Systems”, Oxford
University Press, 4th Edition, 2010, ISBN: 978-0-198-07380-2.
2. Ian A Glover and Peter M Grant, “Digital Communications”, Pearson Education, Third
Edition, 2010, ISBN 978-0-273-71830-7.
3. John G Proakis and Masoud Salehi, “Communication Systems Engineering”, 2nd Edition,
Pearson Education, ISBN 978-93-325-5513-6.

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Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Index
Subject: Digital Communication Subject Code:17EC61

Sl. No. Particulars Page No.

1. Vision and Mission of the Institute ii

2. Vision, Mission and PSOs of the Department iii

3. Program Outcomes iv

4. Course Overview v

5. Syllabus vi

6. Module -1: Band pass Signal to Equivalent Low pass 1 - 33

7. Module -2: Signaling over AWGN Channels 34-58

8. Module -3: Digital Modulation Techniques 59-97

9. Module -4: Communication through Band Limited Channels: 98-119

10. Module -5: Principles of Spread Spectrum 120-142

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