People's Democratic Republic of Algeria

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla
Faculty of Information and Communication

Course: Web

Specialization: State Engineer in Computer Science

Title of the research:

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

students: Prof:

• Degdagui Asma • Bouchekioua. Dounia

• Aouarib rahma
• Nada guemaoun

2025/2024
 Plan

Introduction:
[1]. Overview of Artificial Intelligence
[2]. Types of AI
[3]. How AI Works
[4]. Applications of AI
[5]. Advantages of AI
Conclusion
List of Sources and References
Introduction:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most transformative
technologies of the modern era, and it is among the fastest-growing
technological disruptions. Since its inception in the 1950s, AI has evolved
from performing simple tasks to tackling complex problems that require
deep understanding. Today, AI is used in numerous applications such as
computer vision, natural language processing, and machine learning,
enhancing our ability to improve performance and productivity across
various sectors, including healthcare, industry, and commerce.
 1. Overview of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most transformative
technologies of our time. It is also one of the fastest-growing technology
disruptions ever. But what exactly is AI, and what does it mean for
businesses?
The term AI was coined in 1956 at a scientific conference at
Dartmouth College. One of the founding fathers of AI, Marvin Minsky,
described it as "the science of making machines do things that would
require intelligence if done by humans."
While this definition still holds today, modern AI systems have
evolved to show problem-solving abilities in tasks like visual perception,
speech recognition, planning, decision-making, and language
translation. They can process terabytes of data and provide insights in
real-time, proving to be flexible and responsive technologies that
enhance human capabilities, improving efficiency, productivity, and
satisfaction in the workplace.1
2. Types of AI
AI is not a single technology but a collection of technologies that
can be combined to perform different tasks. These tasks can range from
specific ones like understanding spoken language to broader ones like
helping someone plan a vacation. Understanding the various
technologies that make up AI can be challenging. Here's a basic
breakdown:2
Three Main Types of AI:

1
Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (4th ed.). Pearson.
2
IEEE. (2024). "Artificial Intelligence: Advances and Applications". IEEE Xplore. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/.
 • Narrow AI (Weak AI): This AI system is designed to perform a
specific task or set of tasks. It's called "weak" not because it lacks
power or capability, but because it’s far from the human-like
understanding or awareness associated with true intelligence. These
systems are limited in scope and can't perform tasks outside their
specified domain. Examples of narrow AI include voice assistants,
facial and speech recognition, and self-driving cars.
• General AI (Strong AI): This theoretical AI system would be
capable of performing any intellectual task that a human can do—
possibly even better. Like narrow AI systems, general AI would
learn from experience, identify patterns, and predict outcomes, but
it would also be able to extrapolate that knowledge to a wide range
of tasks and situations not covered by its previous data or
algorithms. General AI has not been achieved yet, although there is
ongoing research with promising progress.
• Superintelligent AI: This AI system would have full self-awareness
and surpass human intelligence. These systems would have the
ability to improve themselves and make decisions with intelligence
beyond human capabilities. Superintelligent AI could radically alter
the course of human history, but it currently only exists in science
fiction, and no known method can achieve this level of intelligence.
3. How AI Works
Beyond the basic categories of narrow, general, and superintelligent AI,
there are several more specific and interconnected levels of AI:
• Machine Learning (ML): A subset of AI that allows systems to
learn and improve from experience or data. It incorporates elements
from computer science, statistics, psychology, neuroscience, and
economics. By applying algorithms to different learning methods
 and analysis techniques, machine learning can automatically learn
and improve from data and experience without being explicitly
programmed to do so. For businesses, machine learning can be used
to predict outcomes based on the analysis of large, complex data
sets.
• Neural Networks: A core component of AI inspired by the structure
and function of the human brain. These computational models are
made up of layers of interconnected nodes, similar to neurons in a
biological brain. Each artificial neuron receives input, processes it
mathematically, and passes the output to the next layers. During
training, neural networks adjust the strength of connections based
on data examples, allowing them to recognize patterns, make
predictions, and solve problems.
• Deep Learning (DL): A subset of machine learning that uses multi-
layered (deep) neural networks to extract features from massive
amounts of data. Deep learning networks can automatically detect
complex patterns in data that may not be immediately obvious to
humans, enabling more accurate predictions and decisions. Deep
learning has revolutionized fields such as image and speech
recognition, natural language processing, and data analysis.
• Generative AI (Gen AI): A type of deep learning that uses
foundational models like large language models (LLMs) to generate
new content, including images, text, audio, video, and code, based
on their training data. Gen AI is a broad term for various
foundational model techniques, including self-supervised learning,
where models predict the next word in a sentence. Its emerging
capabilities have made it a breakthrough in AI, with a single model
sometimes able to generate both poems and business documents,
create images, and pass logical reasoning tests.
 4. Applications of AI
Here are some other ways AI is changing how people work, learn, and
interact with technology:3
• Automation: Robots have been used in manufacturing for years, but
before AI, they had to be manually calibrated and reprogrammed—
usually after something broke. By using AI—often in the form of
IoT sensors—manufacturers can significantly increase the types,
scale, and efficiency of tasks robots can perform, improving
accuracy and reducing downtime.
• Computer Vision: Computer vision helps computers "see" and
understand the content of digital images and videos. By using
sensors and learning algorithms, computer vision can extract
complex contextual information that can be used to automate or
inform other processes. It can also extrapolate from what it "sees"
for predictive purposes, such as in self-driving cars.
• Natural Language Processing (NLP): NLP systems recognize and
understand spoken or written language. In advanced applications,
NLP can use context to infer tone, mood, and other subjective
qualities to interpret meaning more accurately. Practical applications
of NLP include chatbots, customer center interactions, and voice
assistants like Siri and Alexa.
5. Advantages of AI

3
TechCrunch. (2024). "The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Technology". https://techcrunch.com/.
AI technologies are now widely used in many business areas, offering
clear benefits4:
• Enhanced Efficiency and Productivity: AI automates tasks and
simplifies processes, allowing businesses to process large amounts
of data quickly. This helps employees focus on important work,
increasing productivity.
• Improved Customer Experience: AI-powered chatbots and
assistants offer fast, personalized help 24/7, improving customer
satisfaction and speeding up response times.
• Data-Driven Decision Making: AI can analyze huge amounts of
data to help businesses spot trends, predict customer behavior, and
improve operations, leading to better decisions.
• Operational Efficiency: AI can automate repetitive tasks,
reducing errors and increasing accuracy. It can also quickly identify
fraud or security issues, reducing potential losses.
• Improved Collaboration: AI helps employees access relevant
information and share insights easily, improving teamwork and
boosting productivity across departments.

https://www.arabhardware.net/. ."‫ "استخدامات الذكاء االصطناعي في األجهزة الذكية‬.)2024( .‫عرب هاردوير‬ 4

Conclusion:
Artificial Intelligence certainly represents a key force shaping our
future. Despite the challenges associated with its development and
implementation, the opportunities it presents to improve processes,
increase productivity, and enhance user experience are undeniable. As
research and development continue to advance, AI technologies are
expected to become an integral part of our daily lives, driving significant
changes across all industries and opening up vast new possibilities for
the future.
List of Sources and References:
• Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern
Approach (4th ed.). Pearson.
• IEEE. (2024). "Artificial Intelligence: Advances and Applications".
IEEE Xplore. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/.
• TechCrunch. (2024). "The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Modern
Technology". https://techcrunch.com/.
". ‫ "استخدامات الذكاء االصطناعي في األجهزة الذكية‬.)2024( .‫▪ عرب هاردوير‬
https://www.arabhardware.net/.