ChatGPT

Short question
1. What do you mean by raster scan display?
2. Define parallel projection.
3. Define prospective projection
4. Write properties of bezier curve
5. What is Frame Buffer Memory?
6. What is multimedia?
7. Define translation in 2D.
8. Define scaling in 2D.
9. Define rotation in 2D. What is scaling?
10. Give the matrix to shear in 2D.
11. What is a composite transformation?
12. What are drawback of Cohen-Sutherland line clipping
algorithm?
13. Discuss the conditions for clipping a point against a
given rectangular window.
14. What are drawbacks of DDA line drawing algorithm?
15. Derive the component matrix of translation.
16. Show that the composition of two rotation is additive.
17. What is initial decision parameter value for
Bresenham’s circle drawing algorithm?
18. What is aspect ratio?
19. Name two essential features of graphics software.
20. What are the applications of computer graphics?
21. What is reference point and reference axis of
transformation?
22. What is pixel?
23. What is control point?
24. What do you understand by resolution?
25. What is shearing?
26. Derive the component matrix of rotation.
27. What is scan conversion?
28. What is boundary fill algorithm?
29. What is morphing?
30. Why are hypertexts used for information
representation in multimedia packages?
31. How the image is drawn in CRT monitor?
32. Write full form of i)MIDI ii)JPEG

Here are brief answers to your questions:

1/4
 1. Raster Scan Display: A display method where the screen is illuminated row by row, from
top to bottom, to form an image. Pixels are displayed in a sequential manner.

2. Parallel Projection: A type of projection where lines parallel in 3D space remain parallel
in the projected 2D image. Used in engineering drawings.

3. Perspective Projection: A projection where lines converge at a vanishing point to

4. Properties of Bezier Curve:

Lies within the convex hull of its control points.

Degree of the curve depends on the number of control points.

Provides C^1 and C^2 continuity.

Easily scaled or translated by manipulating control points.

5. Frame Buffer Memory: A dedicated memory region in the graphics hardware used to
store pixel data for rendering an image on the screen.

6. Multimedia: The integration of multiple forms of media, such as text, graphics, audio,
video, and animations, to convey information or provide entertainment.

7. Translation in 2D: Moving a 2D object from one position to another without altering its
shape, size, or orientation, defined by Tx and Ty values.

8. Scaling in 2D: Resizing an object in 2D space, either uniformly or non-uniformly, by

9. Rotation in 2D: Rotating an object around a fixed point (usually the origin) by a certain
angle. Scaling changes the size of an object.

10. 2D Shear Matrix:

1 Shx
X-shear: [ ]
​

0 1
​ ​

1 0
Y-shear: [ ]
Shy 1
​ ​

11. Composite Transformation: A combination of multiple basic transformations

12. Drawbacks of Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping Algorithm:

Limited to rectangular clipping windows.

Inefficient for complex or concave clipping regions.

2/4
13. Point Clipping Conditions: A point is inside a rectangular window if:

xmin ≤ x ≤ xmax
​ ​

ymin ≤ y ≤ ymax
​ ​

14. Drawbacks of DDA Line Algorithm:

Floating-point calculations are slow.

Accumulation of rounding errors affects accuracy.

0 0 1
16. Additive Property of Rotations: The composition of two rotations, R(θ1 ) and R(θ2 ), ​ ​

results in R(θ1 ​ + θ 2 ).​

17. Initial Decision Parameter (Bresenham Circle): P0 ​ = 1 − r, where r is the radius of the
circle.

18. Aspect Ratio: The ratio of the width to the height of a display or image.

19. Features of Graphics Software:

Tools for creating and editing graphical objects.

Support for multiple file formats.

20. Applications of Computer Graphics:

Video games, CAD, simulations, and medical imaging.

21. Reference Point/Axis: The fixed point or axis used as a base for performing
transformations.

22. Pixel: The smallest unit of a digital image, representing a single point of color.

23. Control Point: Points used to define the shape of a curve or surface in computer
graphics.

24. Resolution: The number of pixels per unit area or the clarity of an image.

25. Shearing: A transformation that distorts an object by shifting its coordinate system in
the X or Y direction.
cos θ − sin θ 0
26. Rotation Matrix: sin θ ​ ​ cos θ ​ 0 ​ ​

0 0 1

3/4
27. Scan Conversion: The process of converting geometric data into pixel-based data for
display on raster devices.

28. Boundary Fill Algorithm: A recursive method to fill a closed area with a color by
replacing a boundary-defined region.

29. Morphing: The gradual transformation of one shape or image into another.

30. Use of Hypertexts in Multimedia: Allows non-linear navigation and efficient information
retrieval.

31. Image Drawing in CRT: Images are drawn by scanning electron beams across the screen
in a raster or vector format.

32. Full Forms:

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group

4/4