‫ﺟدول اﻷزﻣﻧﺔ‬

‫ﯾﻌﻣل ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗ ﺻ ر ﯾف‬ ‫ﺿ ﻤ ﺎ ﺋﺮ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﻔ ﺮ د ة ﻟ ﻠ ﻐ ﺎ ﺋ ﺐ‬ ‫ﺿ ﻣ ﺎ ﺋر ا ﻟ ﺟ ﻣ ﻊ و ا ﻟﻣ ﻔ ر د ا ﻟ ﻣ ﺗ ﻛ ﻠ م‬ ‫‪I,YOU,We,They‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌرﯾف‬ ‫اﻟزﻣن‬

‫‪It,He,She‬‬ ‫‪I,They,We,You‬‬ ‫‪It,He,She‬‬
‫‪Did‬‬ ‫‪V2‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫×‬ ‫√‬ ‫ﺣﺪث ﺗﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ واﻧﺘﮭﻰ ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬
‫‪Do, Does‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬ ‫‪V1 + S , Do‬‬ ‫‪V1, Does‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺘﻜﺮر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬
‫‪Will, Be going to‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫×‬ ‫√‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺪوﺛﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ﺴ ﺘﻘ ﺒﻞ اﻟﺒ ﺴ ﯿ ﻂ ‪ -‬اﻟﺤ ﺎﺿ ﺮ‬

‫‪was,were‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬ ‫‪Was+ V1 + Ing‬‬ ‫‪were +V1 + Ing‬‬ ‫‪ I‬ﻣﻊ ‪was‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘ ﺤ ﺪ ث ﻋ ﻦ ﺷ ﻲ ء اﺳ ﺘﻤ ﺮ ﻟﻤ ﺪ ة ﻣ ﻌ ﯿ ﻨﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻤ ﺎﺿ ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪Be +V1 + Ing‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪث ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲء ﯾﺤﺼﻞ اﻵن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫‪Will be‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪Will Be +V1 + Ing‬‬ ‫ﯾ ﻜ ﻮ ن ھ ﻨﺎك ﺗ ﺨ ﺼ ﯿﺺ أﻛ ﺜﺮ ﻟﻠﻮ ﻗ ﺖ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺠ ﻤ ﻠﺔ ﺑ ﻌ ﻜ ﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﺴ ﺘ ﻘ ﺒﻞ اﻟﺒ ﺴ ﯿ ﻂ اﻟﺬ ي ﯾﻜ ﻮ ن اﻟﻮ ﻗ ﺖ ﺑﮫ ﻋ ﺎﻣ ﺎ‬
‫‪Had‬‬ ‫‪V3‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪Had +v3+ed‬‬ ‫ﻋ ﺒ ﺎر ة ﻋ ﻦ ﺣ ﺪ ث و ﻗ ﻊ ﻣ ﻨﺬ ز ﻣ ﻦ ﺑ ﻌ ﯿﺪ ﺛ ﻢ ﺟ ﺎء ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ه ﺣ ﺪ ث أ ﺧ ﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم‬
‫‪V2‬‬
‫‪Has , Have‬‬ ‫‪V3‬‬ ‫‪Has+v3+ed‬‬ ‫‪Have+v3+ed‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻷﻣﺮ ﺣﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ واﻧﺘﮭﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم‬
‫‪have been , has been‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬ ‫‪has been+ V1 ing‬‬ ‫‪have been+V1 ing‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫ﯾ ﻌ ﺒﺮ ﻋ ﻦ أﻣ ﺮ ﺣ ﺪ ث ﻓ ﻲ ا ﻟ ﻤ ﺎ ﺿ ﻲ و ﻻ ز ال ﺟ ﺎر ي ا ﻟ ﺤ ﺪ و ث‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫‪Had been‬‬ ‫‪V1‬‬ ‫×‬ ‫×‬ ‫‪Had +v1+ Ing‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﺛﯿﻦ ﺣﺼﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫‪V2‬‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن أﺣﺪھﻤﺎ ﺣﺪث ﻗﺒﻞ اﻵﺧﺮ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Let's‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Let‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ‪before‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ‪after‬‬

‫‪V1‬‬ ‫)‪ (us,me‬ﻣﻔﻌول‪v1+‬‬ ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌدھﺎ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط ﺛم ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم وﺑﻌﺪھﺎ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
‫اذا ﺟﺎءت ﻛﻠﻣﺔ ‪ before‬ﻓﻲ اﻟوﺳط‬ ‫وأﯾﻀﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ان ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪ after‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫‪Let’s phone him‬‬ ‫‪Let me See it‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم ‪ before‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺳﯾط‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ‪ + after+‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم‬
‫‪others‬‬ ‫‪other‬‬ ‫‪another‬‬
‫ﺗ ﻌ ﻨ ﻲ اﻵ ﺧ ﺮ و ن و ھ ﻲ ﺿ ﻤ ﯿﺮ ﯾ ﺄ ﺗ ﻲ ﺑ ﻌ ﺪ ه ﻓ ﻌ ﻞ‬ ‫‪) different‬أﺧﺮ وھﻲ ﺻﻔﺔ( ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ اﺳﻢ وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻤﻌﺪود واﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺪود‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻨﻲ واﺣﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﻲ أو ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺪودة اﻟﻤﻔﺮد‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪Any‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪some‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ واﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻣل اﻷﺛﺑﺎت ‪ /‬ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﻧﺛق ﻓﻲ اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻧﮭﺎ ‪ /‬ﻋﻧد طﻠب ﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ ‪ /‬اﻟﺗﺷﺟﯾﻊ ﻟﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ ‪/‬اﻟدﻋوة ﻟﺷﻲء ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ some‬و‪ any‬ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻟﺘﺼﻒ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺪدة أو ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم "‪"there is‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد أو ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﯾﻌﺪ وھﻮ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم "‪"there are‬ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ وھﻮ ﯾﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم " ‪ " Too‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ أو اﻟﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻟﻨﻔﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ Much too‬أو ‪ Many too‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪ enough‬ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ must‬و ‪ to have‬و ‪Should‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Should‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺿﺮورة أي ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﯾﺠﺐ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪You Should buy a ticket :‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ more……….than‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﻦ أﺣﺪھﻤﺎ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪Ahmed is more honest than Ali :‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ The most‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺨﺺ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪This is The most important subject this book .‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺗﻔﺿﯾل )‪(est,most‬‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ )‪(er,more‬‬
‫‪Smallest biggest strangest prettiest‬‬ ‫‪Smaller bigger stranger prettier‬‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﺻﯾرة‬
‫‪most beautiful most exciting most special most clever‬‬ ‫‪more beautiful more exciting more special more clever‬‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻔﺎت اﻟطوﯾﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﻀﯿﻞ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪the‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪than‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪ special‬وﻛﻠﻤﺔ ‪ clever‬ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺸﺎذة وﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸ ﺒﯿﮫ‬
‫‪As .. adjective .. as‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺟﺪت ‪ as … as‬ﻻ ﺗﻀﺎف ‪ –er‬وﻻ ‪ –est‬وﻻ ‪ more‬وﻻ ‪ most‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻟﺼ ﻔﺔ ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺤ ﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻄ ﺒﯿﻌ ﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤ ﻌ ﺪ و د و اﻟﻐ ﯿﺮ ﻣ ﻌ ﺪ و د‬
‫‪The Countable & The Uncountable‬‬
‫ﻛﯿﻒ أﻣﯿّﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪود واﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺪود؟‬
‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﻘﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺪود ‪ countable‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺪه‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎوﻻت ‪tables‬اﻷﻗﻼم ‪pens‬اﻟﻨﺎس ‪people‬اﻷﻛﻮاب ‪Cups‬‬
‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﻘﺐ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺪود ‪ uncountable‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﺪه‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ واﻷﺷﯿﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻣﻞ ‪ sand‬اﻟﺮز ‪ rice‬اﻟﺴﻜﺮ ‪ sugar‬اﻟﻤﻠﺢ ‪Salt‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎي ‪ tea‬اﻟﻤﺎء ‪ water‬اﻟﻐﺎز ‪ gas‬ﻋﺼﯿﺮ ‪juice‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ Much‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺪود‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ many‬ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪود‬
‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻌﺪود داﺋﻤﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺆال ﻣﻊ اﻻﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﯿﻦ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬
‫ان ھﻨﺎك ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ children, women, men‬وھﻨﺎك ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻻ ﺗ ُﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫‪people, work, equipment‬‬