1) For which of the following activities is the parasympathetic nervous

system generally responsible?

2 points
A) resting and digesting
B) sweating and dilating pupils
C) fight-or-flight response
D) vigorous physical activity
2) The type of contraction in which length of the muscle fibers do not
change is called:
2 points
A) isometric.
B) isotonic concentric.
C) isotonic eccentric.
D) tetany
3. Where is the sensation of touch processed?
2 points
A) prefrontal cortex
B) primary somatosensory cortex, or S1
C) somatosensory association cortex, or S2
D) primary motor cortex
4. When a neuron's membrane potential changes from -70 mV to +30
mV, it can be said that the neuron is experiencing
2 points
A) polarization.
B) repolarization.
C) depolarization
D) hyperpolarization.
5) What part of the cerebral cortex is responsible for personality, the
creation of an awareness of self, and the ability to recognize appropriate
behavior?
2 points
a. prefrontal cortex
b. parietal association cortex
c. temporal association cortex
d. Wernicke's area
6) Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates
growth?
2 points
A) Human growth hormone
B) Prolactin
C) Thyrotropin
D) Follicle stimulating hormone
7) Below is a diagram of an action potential in a neuron. What happens
at the portion of this graph labelled as "d" ?
2 points

Potassium ion inflow

Sodium ion inflow
Potassium ion outflow
none of the above occur
8)In someone who suffered a stroke that interfered with their ability to
speak, the damage could involve any of the following areas in the brain
EXCEPT the
2 points
A) frontal lobe.
B) Broca's speech area.
C) primary motor area.
D) occipital lobe.
9)The sympathetic division (fight or flight) of the ANS does all of the
following EXCEPT:
2 points
A) speeds up digestion so glucose is available to skeletal muscles.
B) conducts impulses through the trunk ganglia.
C) speeds up heart rate.
D) speeds up respiratory rate.
10) If the thyroid gland is unable to produce iodinated thyroglobulin,
what is the effect on hormone production?
2 points
A) Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) production continues
uninterrupted.
B) Excess triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones are made.
C) Less triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones are made.
D) Less thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) is made
11. Which autonomic neurons release norepinephrine as a
neurotransmitter?
2 points
A) sympathetic preganglionic neurons
B) sympathetic postganglionic neurons
C) parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
D) parasympathetic postganglionic neurons
12) Which of the following neurotransmitters would be the only
secretion of the sympathetic preganglionic fibers of the autonomic
nervous system?
2 points
A) epinephrine
B) acetylcholine
C) acetylcholinesterase
D) norepinephrine
13. Astrocytes create a barrier to viruses and bacteria. This barrier
known as:
2 points
A) meninges
B) dural sinuses
C) choroid plexues
D) the blood-brain barrier
14. What part of the spinal cord carries motor information from the
brain?
2 points
A. Corticospinal tract
B. Posterior column
C. Anterolateral system
D. Spinocerebellar tract
15.Damage to any component of basal nuclei system results in
2 points
A. impaired emotions
B. a movement disorder
C. difficulty in producing speech sounds
D. all of the above
16. Wernicke’s area is found in the
2 points
A) frontal lobe.
B) insula.
C) temporal lobe.
D) occipital lobe.
17) Motor error, or the difference between the intended movement and
the actual movement that is taking place, is regulated by the:
2 points
A. midbrain.
B. cerebellum.
C. corticospinal tract.
D. prefrontal cortex.
18) Nondiscriminative touch (crude touch) stimuli are delivered to the
brain via the
2 points
A) posterior column
B) spinocerebellar tract
C) anterolateral system
D) corticospinal tract
19) A single motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers it
innervates is called a:
2 points
A) motor end plate.
B) motor unit.
C) synaptic cleft.
D) neuromuscular junction
20) Which of the following should NOT cross the blood‐brain barrier
with ease?
2 points
A) carbon dioxide
B) glucose
C) large, polar molecules
D) lipid‐based molecules
21)Which of the following hormones opposes the action of parathyroid
hormone?
2 points
A) Thyroid stimulating hormone
B) Testosterone
C) Insulin
D) Calcitonin
22) Which of the following occur when the summation of IPSPs is
greater than EPSPs
2 points
A) polarization
B) repolarization
C) depolarization
D) hyperpolarization
23)Which of the following neuroglia of the CNS act as phagocytes?
2 points
A) schwann cell
B) Oligodendrocyte
C) microglial cell
D) ependymal cell
24) The following are long term effects of growth hormone except
2 points
a. increase in blood glucose concentration
b. Increased bone growth
c. decrease in blood glucose concentration
d. Increased muscle mass
25) The primary motor cortex of the right cerebral hemisphere:
1 point
a. controls the motor activity on the left side of the body.
b. receives and processes sensory input.
c. integrates senses from multiple different sources.
d. controls the motor activity on the right side of the body.
26. Outer zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces
2 points
A. glucocorticoids
B. Androgenic steroids
C.Mineralocorticoid
D.Options B and C are right
27. Which of the following mediate stress response?
2 points
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Glucagon
D) Thyroid hormone
28) The main parasympathetic nerves that innervate most thoracic and
abdominal viscera is called
2 points
A) oculomotor nerve
B) facial nerve
C)glossopharyngeal nerve
D) Vagus nerve
29) What part of the motor pathway inhibits inappropriate movements?
2 points
A) occipital lobe
B) cerebellum
C) primary motor cortex
D) basal nuclei
30) Certain functions of the brain appear to be lateralized, meaning the
brain divides certain tasks between the two hemispheres to make use of
the limited space. One such lateralization that is linked to the left
hemisphere is:
2 points
A. attention.
B. facial recognition.
C. language-related recognition.
D. negative emotions.
31) Damage to the substantia nigra of the midbrain would be indicated
by problems with:
2 points
a. sense of smell.
b. respiration.
c. heart rate.
d. movement.
32) Latrotoxin, produced by the poisonous black widow spider,
increases the release of acetylcholine. How do muscle cells respond?
2 points
A) Muscle cells will become paralyzed when excess acetylcholine
exists.
B) Muscle cells will twitch irregularly when excess acetylcholine exists.
C) Muscle cells will experience a longer latent period when excess
acetylcholine exists.
D) Muscle cells will experience fused or complete tetanus when excess
acetylcholine exists.
33) In the Posterior column/Medial lemnisc system of the somatosensory
pathway, the second order neurons decussate in the
2 points
A) pons
B) medulla
C) thalamus
D) spinothalamic tract
34)What is a major difference in the action of a hydrophilic hormone
versus a hydrophobic hormone?
2 points
a) How the mRNA is transcribed
b) The use of a second messenger
c) Only one type needs a hormone receptor
d) all of the above
35) The binding of a myosin head to an actin molecule is termed a:
2 points
A) power stroke.
B) triad.
C) crossbridge.
D) synaptic cleft.
36)Which hormone increases metabolic rate?
3 points
A) Insulin
B) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) Glucagon
D) Thyroid hormone
37) Which hormones of the HPA axis stimulate the synthesis of
epinephrine by the adrenal medulla?
2 points
A) gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH)
B) growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH)
C) thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH)
D) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
38)Which of the following neurotransmitters is always inhibitory?
3 points
A) dopamine
B) acetylcholine
C) GABA
D) none of the above
39) Which of the following must happen first in the order events at a
chemical synapse?
2 points
A) Ion channels respond to the neurotransmitter and lead to a local
potential, or possibly an action potential.
B) Calcium ion channels in the axon terminal open.
C) Calcium ions cause synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters into
the synaptic cleft.
D) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron
40) What do skeletal muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue share in
common?
2 points
A) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues are voluntary.
B) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues consist of striated muscle
cells.
C) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues possess intercalated discs.
D) Both skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues perform peristalsis.
41)When a skeletal muscle fiber contracts:
2 points
A) the H zone and I bands narrow.
B) the A bands shorten while the I bands lengthen.
C) Z discs move farther apart while the A bands shorten.
D) the H zone narrows while the I bands widen
42) Place the following events of excitation in the correct order.
1. ion channels on the sarcolemma open and sodium ions enter the
muscle fiber
2. the entry of sodium ions into the muscle fiber depolarizes the
sarcolemma locally
3. acetylcholine is released from vesicles in the motor neuron into the
synaptic cleft
4. an action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a motor neuron
5. acetylcholine binds to ligand‐gated sodium ion channels in the motor
end plate
2 points
A) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1
B) 4, 3, 5, 1, 2
C) 3, 4, 5, 1, 2
D) 4, 5, 3, 2, 1
43)What value best represents resting membrane potential of skeletal
muscle cells?

2 points
A) +15 mV
B) +35 mV
C) 0 mV
D) −90 mV
44) When a second excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) arrives at a
single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared, what
results?
2 points
A) spatial summation
B) temporal summation
C) hyperpolarization
D) inhibition of the impulse
45) Between the start of the latent period and the start of the contraction
period, there is a time interval during which the muscle cannot respond
to another stimulus.
2 points
A) refractory period.
B) relaxation period.
C) tension period.
D) action potential.
46)What specific part of the neuron communicates with a target cell and
serves as the secretory region of the cell?
1 point
A) myelin sheath
B) dendrites
C) axon terminals (synaptic knobs)
D) cell body
47) Place these steps of the action potential in the correct order.
1. Sodium ions channels return to the resting state and repolarization
continues.
2. Voltage‐gated sodium ion channels activate, sodium ions enter, and
the axon section depolarizes.
3. As potassium ion channels return to resting state, the axolemma may
hyperpolarize before returning to the resting membrane potential.
4. A local potential depolarizes the axolemma of the trigger zone to
threshold.
5. Sodium ion channels inactivate, and voltage‐gated potassium ion
channels activate, so sodium ions stop entering and potassium ions
leave, beginning repolarization.
2 points
A) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1
B) 4, 2, 5, 1, 3
C) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
D) 2, 4, 5, 1, 3
48)Ms. Parker has damage to the sensory root of the facial nerve (VII).
Which of the following symptoms matches this information?

2 points
A) inability to elevate the mandible
B) inability to swallow
C) inability to taste
D) inability to smell
49) The speed of nerve impulse transmission through the axon of a
sensory neuron will be quickest in:
2 points
A) axons that adapt to stimuli.
B) a large‐diameter, myelinated axon.
C) axons with a greater receptive field.
D) a small‐diameter, unmyelinated axon.
50) Olfactory receptors depolarize in response to an odorant, turning a
stimulus into an electrical signal. This conversion is known as:
2 points
A) sensory transduction.
B) repolarization.
C) propagation.
D) adaptation.