Class: Name: ( ) Date:

Marks: / 28

Test 1B (Higher tier) (Book 1 Chapters 1–4)

Given: c (water) = 4200 J kg–1 °C–1, lf (ice) = 3.34 × 105 J kg–1, lv (water) = 2.26 × 106 J kg–1
Universal gas constant R = 8.31 J mol–1 kg–1

A Multiple-choice questions (6 marks)

1 On a hot summer day, Chapman goes to the park with his son. The bench there is too hot to
sit on, so he sprays some water onto it to make it cool down. Why is spraying water an
effective way to cool the bench?
(1) The water on the bench turns into steam, which is an ideal gas.
(2) Water has a high specific latent heat of fusion.
(3) Water has a high specific heat capacity.
A (2) only B (3) only
C (1) and (2) only D (2) and (3) only

2 In which of the following situations will wet clothes dry more quickly?
(1) The weather is cold.
(2) There is a strong wind blowing.
(3) The humidity is low.
A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

3 Tiffany grills a chicken wing above a barbecue fire. Which of the following statements is
correct?
(1) Energy is transferred to the chicken wing by radiation from the surroundings.
(2) If the chicken wing is placed next to the fire instead of above it, energy is transferred to
the chicken wing at the same rate as long as its distance from the fire is unchanged.
(3) Conduction is not involved in grilling of the chicken wing.
A (1) only B (1) and (2) only
C (1) and (3) only D (2) and (3) only

1
B Short questions (22 marks)

4 A sealed syringe contains 4 × 10–3 moles of air at temperature 25 °C.

Given: Avogadro’s number NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
piston
air
sealed nozzle

(a) The average mass of air molecules is 4.81 × 10–26 kg. Find the root-mean-square speed
of the air molecules. (2 marks)

(b) (i) The piston is quickly pushed in and the temperature of the air increases to 200 °C.
Find the increase in internal energy of the air. (2 marks)

(ii) Hence, find the heat capacity of the air in the syringe. (2 marks)

(iii)Estimate the final temperature of the air if a few drops of water of total mass 5 g and
temperature 25 °C are put onto the surface of the syringe. Assume that all the energy
lost by the air is transferred to the water. (2 marks)

2
5 Simon made a ‘gas thermometer’. In this thermometer, a glass ball containing air is
connected to a thin glass tube with gradations. The glass tube is partly immersed into a tank
of water and the lower part of it is filled with water.

air glass ball

glass tube

water

(a) Explain why the length of the water column will decrease if the temperature of the air
inside the glass ball increases. (2 marks)

(b) After a while, a lot of water droplets are formed on the inner surface of the glass ball.
Explain why. (2 marks)

(c) The length of the water column at 28 °C and 37 °C are 42 cm and 30 cm respectively.
When the gas thermometer is left in a room, the length of the liquid column becomes
50 cm. Estimate the room temperature. Assume that the length of the water column
varies linearly with temperature. (2 marks)

3
6 Ada places some food and 0.3 kg of water into a pressure cooker. Then she sealed the
cooker so that the air inside the cooker cannot escape.

pressure cooker

water
food

(a) In terms of molecular motion, explain why a pressure is applied on the wall of the
cooker by the air. (2 marks)

(b) The water boils and steam is produced in the cooker. Assume that the steam-air mixture
constantly occupies a volume of 3500 cm3 in the cooker. Initially, the pressure inside the
cooker is same as the atmospheric pressure 100 kPa.
(i) The pressure in the cooker is raised to 110 kPa after some time. Assuming the
temperature is kept at 100 °C in the process, estimate the number of moles of steam
produced. (2 marks)

(ii) The output power of the heater is 800 W. Estimate the time needed for the pressure
in the cooker to increase to 110 kPa after the water starts to boil.
Given: Molar mass of steam = 18.0 g mol–1 (4 marks)

End of quiz

4
 Solutions to Test 1B (Higher tier)
1 B
The water absorbs energy from the bench to increase in temperature and vaporize. A high specific
heat capacity and specific latent heat of vaporization makes it absorb energy more effectively, while
the specific latent heat of fusion or steam being an ideal gas are unrelated to the situation.

2 C
If the weather is cold, the temperature is low and the rate of evaporation is low. On the other hand, a
wind or a low humidity decreases the density of water vapour near the clothes and increases the rate
of evaporation.

3 A
All objects emit and absorb radiation, so (1) is correct. Since hot air rises vertically above the fire,
energy is transferred more effectively if the chicken wing is placed above the fire instead of next to it.
Therefore, (2) is incorrect. Heat is conducted from the surface of the chicken wing to the inner part
of it, so (3) is incorrect.

4

3RT
(a) c = 1M
mN A
3  8.31 (25 + 273)
=
4.8110−26  6.02 1023
= 507 m s–1 1A
(b) (i) Gain in internal energy
3 3
= nRT2 − nRT1 1M
2 2

=  4  10−3  8.31  (200 + 273) − (25 + 273)

3
2
= 8.73 J 1A
Q
(ii) C = 1M
T
8.73
=
200 − 25
= 4.99 × 10–2 J °C–1 1A
(iii) Let the final temperature be T °C.
Energy gained by the water = energy lost by the air
5 × 10–3 × 4200 × (T – 25) = 4.99 × 10–2 × (200 – T) 1M
T = 25.4 °C 1A
 The final temperature is 25.4 °C.

5
 5

(a) If the air inside the glass ball is heated, its pressure increases 1A
and pushes the water column downwards 1A
until a new balance of pressure difference is reached.
(b) Water in the glass tube evaporates 1A
and condenses on the inner surface of the glass ball. 1A
(c) Let T °C be the temperature of the room.
T − 28 50 − 42
By proportion, = 1M
37 − 28 30 − 42
T = 22 1A
 The temperature of the room is 22 °C.

 6

(a) Air molecules move randomly in space and bombard on the wall. 1A
They have a change in momentum during the collisions and this results in a
pressure on the wall. 1A
(b) (i) Number of moles of steam produced
= final number of moles of gas – initial number of moles of gas
p2V p1V
= − 1M
RT RT
110  103  3500  10−6 100  103  3500  10−6
= −
8.31  (100 + 273) 8.31  (100 + 273)
= 0.0113 mol 1A
–1
(ii) Mass of steam produced = 0.0113 mol × 18.0 g mol 1M
= 0.203 g
= 2.03 × 10–4 kg
Energy needed = mlv 1M
–4 6
= 2.03 × 10 × 2.26 × 10
= 459 J
Q
Time needed = 1M
P
459
=
800
= 0.574 s 1A