FUNCTIONS

FIRST QUARTER | WEEK 2 (AUGUST 30 – SEPT.2, 2022)

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
MRS. CHARLE NE A. ZE NG

PREPARED BY: C. ZENG PERFORMING, MOTIVATING, CARING AND HONING SCHOOL

 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
✓ What is a relation?
✓ What is a function?
✓ How significant is the
concept of function in
real life?
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Lesson 1: Functions
 TARGETS
✓Represent real-life
situations using
functions, including
piecewise functions
✓Evaluate a function
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 SKILL BOOSTER
Find the value of the following mathematical expressions if
the value of x = 2.
1. f x = 𝑥 − 1 3
2. f x = −2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1 2
2
3. g x = 5𝑥
𝑥+1
4. h x =
𝑥−1
5. k x = 3 𝑥
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 SKILL BOOSTER
3
1. f x = 𝑥 − 1
3
Solution: f x = 𝑥 − 1
3
f 2 = (2) −1
f 2 =8−1
f 2 =7

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 SKILL BOOSTER
2
2. f x = −2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1
2
Solution: f x = −2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1
2
f 2 = −2(2) + (2) − 1
f 2 = −2 4 + 2 − 1
f 2 = −8 + 2 − 1
f 2 = −7
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 SKILL BOOSTER
2
3. g x = 5𝑥
2
Solution: g x = 5𝑥
2
g 2 = 5(2)
g x = 5(4)
g x = 20

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 SKILL BOOSTER
𝑥+1
4. h x =
𝑥−1
𝑥+1
Solution: h x = 𝑥−1
2+1
h 2 =
2−1
3
h x = =3
1
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 SKILL BOOSTER
Find the value of the following mathematical expressions if
the value of x = 2.
𝑥
5. k x = 3
Solution: k x = 3 𝑥

k 2 =3 2

k 2 =9
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 What is a relation?
A relation is any set of ordered
pairs.
The set of all first elements of the
ordered pairs is called the domain of
the relation, and the set of all second
elements is called the range.
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 What is a function?
A function is a relation or rule of
correspondence between two
elements (domain and range) such
that each element in the domain
corresponds to exactly one element in
the range.
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 Examples of function
Given the following ordered pairs, which
relations are functions?
𝐴 = 1, 2 , 2, 3 , 3, 4 , 4, 5
𝐵 = 3, 3 , 4, 4 , 5, 5 , 6, 6
𝐶 = 1, 0 , 0, 1 , −1, 0 , 0, −1
𝐷 = 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑏, 𝑐 , 𝑐, 𝑑 , 𝑎, 𝑑
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 Examples of function
Given the following ordered pairs, which
relations are functions?
𝐴 = 1, 2 , 2, 3 , 3, 4 , 4, 5
𝐵 = 3, 3 , 4, 4 , 5, 5 , 6, 6
𝐶 = 1, 0 , 0, 1 , −1, 0 , 0, −1
𝐷 = 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑏, 𝑐 , 𝑐, 𝑑 , 𝑎, 𝑑
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 Examples of function
How about from the given table of values,
which relation shows a function?
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2 4 6 8 10 12

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 Examples of function
How about from the given table of values,
which relation shows a function?
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2 4 6 8 10 12
It is a function.
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 Examples of function
How about from the given table of values,
which relation shows a function?
x 4 -3 1 2 5
y -5 -2 -2 -2 0

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 Examples of function
How about from the given table of values,
which relation shows a function?
x 4 -3 1 2 5
y -5 -2 -2 -2 0
It is a function.
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 Examples of function
How about from the given table of values,
which relation shows a function?
x 0 -1 4 2 -1
y 3 4 0 -1 1

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 Examples of function
How about from the given table of values,
which relation shows a function?
x 0 -1 4 2 -1
y 3 4 0 -1 1
It is NOT a function.
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 Examples of function
On the following mapping diagrams, which do you
think represent functions?

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 Examples of function
On the following mapping diagrams, which do you
think represent functions?

It is a function.

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 Examples of function
On the following mapping diagrams, which do you
think represent functions?

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 Examples of function
On the following mapping diagrams, which do you
think represent functions?

It is NOT a function
or a mere relation.

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 Examples of function
On the following mapping diagrams, which do you
think represent functions?

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 Examples of function
On the following mapping diagrams, which do you
think represent functions?

It is a function.

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 Examples of function
How about if the given graphs of relations,
can you identify which are functions? Let us
recall the vertical line test.

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 Examples of function
A relation between two sets of numbers can
be illustrated by graph in the Cartesian plane,
and that a function passes the vertical line test.
A graph of a relation is a function if any
vertical line drawn passing through the graph
intersects it at exactly one point.

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 Examples of function
Identify which graph represents a function.

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 Examples of function
Identify which graph represents a function.
It is a function. It is a function.

It is NOT a function.

It is NOT a function.

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 Task Card 1
Identify which of the following represents function.
1. 4, 0 , 3, 1 , −4, 0 , 0, 0
2. X 5 6 7
Y 3 6 9

3. 4.

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 The Function Machine
Function can be illustrated as a machine
where there is the input and the output.
When you put an object into a machine,
you expect a product as output after the
process being done by the machine.

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 The Function Machine

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 The Function Machine
We have learned that function can be
represented by equation. Since output (y) is
dependent on input (x), we can say that y is a
function of x.
For example, if a function machine always adds
three (3) to whatever you put in it. Therefore, we
can derive an equation of
x + 3 = y or f(x) = x + 3, where f(x) = y.
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 Examples of Functions
1. If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a
function D that can represent the distance a
car travels in t time, if every hour the car
travels 60 kilometers.

Solution: Since every hour, the car travels 60

kilometers, therefore the distance function
Is 𝑫 𝒕 = 𝟔𝟎𝒕
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 Examples of Functions
How far it can travel after 3 hours?
𝑫 𝒕 = 𝟔𝟎𝒕

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 Examples of Functions
How far it can travel after 3 hours?
𝑫 𝒕 = 𝟔𝟎𝒕
𝐷 3 = 60(3)
𝐷 3 = 180 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

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 Examples of Functions
2. Give a function B that can represent the
amount of battery charge of a cellular
phone in h hour, if 12% of battery was lost
every hour.

Solution: Since every hour losses 12% of the

battery, then the amount of battery
function is 𝑩 𝒉 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝒉
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 Examples of Functions
How much battery charge will it
have after 2 hours?
𝑩 𝒉 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝒉
𝐵 2 = 1.00 − 0.12(2)
𝐵 2 = 1.00 − 0.24
𝐵 2 = 0.76 𝒐𝒓 𝟕𝟔%
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 Piecewise Functions
There are function that requires more than
one formula in order to obtain the given
output. There are instances when we need to
describe situations in which a rule or
relationship changes as the input value crosses
certain boundaries. In this case, we need to
apply the piecewise function.
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 Piecewise Functions
A piecewise function is a function in which
more than one formula is used to define the
output. Each formula has its own domain, and the
domain of the function is the union of all these
smaller domains. We notate this idea like this:
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 1
𝑓 𝑥 = ቐ 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 2
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 3
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 Piecewise Functions
Example 1:
A user is charged 𝑃𝐻𝑃 250.00 monthly for a
particular mobile plan, which includes 200 free
text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are
charged of PHP 1.00 each. Represent the
monthly cost for text messaging using the
function t(m), where m is the number of
messages sent in a month.
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 Piecewise Functions
For sending
Example 1: messages of not
exceeding 200

250; 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑚 ≤ 200

𝑡 𝑚 =ቊ
250 + (𝑚 − 200) ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑚 > 200
In case the
messages sent were
more than 200
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 Piecewise Functions
Example 2:
A certain chocolate bar costs PHP 50.00
per piece. However, if you buy more than
5 pieces they will mark down the price to
PHP 48.00 per piece. Use a piecewise
function to represent the cost in terms of
the number of chocolate bars bought.
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 Piecewise Functions
Example 2: For buying 5 chocolate bars
or less

50𝑛 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑛 ≤ 5
𝑓(𝑛) = ቊ
48𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 5
For buying more than 5
chocolate bars

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 Piecewise Functions
Example 3:
The cost of hiring a catering service to serve
food for a party is PHP 250.00 per head for 50
persons or less, PHP 200.00 per head for 51 to
100 persons, and PHP 150.00 per head for more
than 100. Represent the total cost as a
piecewise function of the number of attendees
to the party.
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 Piecewise Functions
Example 2:
Cost for a service to at least 50
persons

250𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 ≤ 50
Cost for a service to 51 to
𝐶(ℎ) = ቐ200𝑛 𝑖𝑓 51 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 100 100 persons
150𝑛 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 > 100
Cost for a service to more
than 100 persons

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 Task Card 2
Read each situation carefully to solve each
problem.
1. A person is earning PHP 750.00 per day to do
a certain job.
a. Express the total salary S as a function of
the number n of days that the person
works.
b. Find the total salary after n = 5 days.
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 Task Card 2
Read each situation carefully to solve each problem.
2. Cedric rides through a jeepney which charges
PHP 8.00 for the first 4 kilometers and additional
PHP 0.50 for each additional kilometer.
a. Express the jeepney fare (F) as function of
the number of kilometers (d) that Cedric
pays for the ride.
b. Find the total fare for 8 kilometers ride.
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 Summary
✓ A relation is any set of ordered pairs.
✓ The set of all first elements of the ordered pairs is
called the domain of the relation, and the set of
all second elements is called the range.
✓ A function is a relation or rule of correspondence
between two elements (domain and range) such
that each element in the domain corresponds to
exactly one element in the range.
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 Summary
✓ A piecewise function is a function in which more
than one formula is used to define the output.
Each formula has its own domain, and the domain
of the function is the union of all these smaller
domains.
✓ In evaluating functions, write the function and plug
in the value of the independent variable, then
simplify using order of operations (GEMDAS)
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 Exit Quiz
1. A computer shop charges PHP 15.00 in
every hour of computer rental.
a. Represent your computer rental fee (R)
using the function R(t) where t is the
number of hours you spent on the
computer.
b. Evaluate R(t) if t = 3 hours
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 Exit Quiz
2. A tricycle ride costs PHP 25.00 for the first
2 kilometers, and each additional
kilometer adds PHP 8.00 to the fare.
a. Use a piecewise function to represent
the tricycle fare in terms of the
distance d in kilometers.
b. How much is the total fare if the
distance traveled is 5 kilometers?
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 Homework
A parking fee at a mall in Angeles City costs
PHP 30.00 for the first two hours and an extra
PHP 5.00 for each hour of extension. If you
park for more than twelve hours, you instead
pay a flat rate of PHP 100.00. Represent your
parking fee using the function p(t) where t is
the number of hours you parked in the mall.

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 References
▪ Queano, R. M. 2020. Learner’s Material
in General Mathematics. CALABARZON
▪ DepED Material: General Mathematics
Learner’s Material

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