12TH

University of the East

Samson Road, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, AND DESIGN

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

FAR 2101: Architectural Design

1st Semester A.Y. 2024

Advocate in Well-being: A Tropically Inspired Barangay Wellness Center with Integrated

Daycare Center

Submitted by:

Bartolome, Gerald

Del Rosario, Gabriela Marie S.

Dela Torre, Abe Gabriel

Gumasing, John Railey C.

Jimenez, Aaron Kim Burat

Luzandi, Stephenne Ram S.

Ramos, Carmelo Anthony A.

Submitted to:

Ar. Major PJ Cian Co Pascua

FAR 2101 Architectural Design Instructor

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ABSTRACT

Access to healthcare is vital for the well-being of the Barangay Sta. Clara

community in Sta. Maria, Bulacan, yet significant challenges persist due to the

absence of a wellness facility. This study looks at the impact of poor healthcare

infrastructure, identifying limitations including a 2-kilometer journey to the nearest

institution and a lack of emergency services. Residents receive poor medical care

and health education, which contributes to overcrowding and preventable diseases.

To bridge these gaps, the study suggests constructing a tropically inspired wellness

center with critical health services and an integrated daycare facility, encouraging

accessibility, sustainability, and community resilience. To conclude, this project

intends to show how careful healthcare design may dramatically improve the

quality of life in underprivileged communities.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………...i

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………….ii

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………..v

CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT……………………………….1

1.1 Background of the Study………………………………………………………..1

1.2 Rationale………………………………………………………………………...2

1.3 Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………..4

1.3.1 Major Problem………………………………………………………………...4

1.3.2 Minor Problems……………………………………………………………….4

1.4 Goal of the Study………………………………………………………………..5

1.5 Research Objectives…………………………………………………………….6

1.5.1 Main Objective………………………………………………………………..6

1.5.2 Specific Objective……………………………………………………………..6

1.6 Significance of the Study………………………………………………………..8

1.6.2 Significance to Public Health Awareness and Family Planning………………9

1.6.3 Significance to Overall Community Development……………………………9

1.7 Scope and Limitations…………………………………………………………..9

1.7.1 Scope of the Study…………………………………………………………….9

1.7.2 Limitations of the Study……………………………………………………...11

1.8 Assumptions……………………………………………………………………11

1.8.1 Cost Effectiveness……………………………………………………………12

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1.8.2 Fully Equipped……………………………………………………………….12

1.8.3 Area…………………………………………………………………………..13

1.9 Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………..13

1.10 Glossary………………………………………………………………………15

1.11 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………….17

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……………………...20

2.1 Universal Health Coverage in the Philippines…………………………………20

2.2 Challenges in Public Health Facilities and Services…………………………...21

2.3 Human-centered design and innovations in Healthcare Facilities……………..22

2.4 Passive Cooling and Ventilation……………………………………………….22

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……………………………….24

3.1 Overview………………………………………………………………………24

3.2 Research Design……………………………………………………………….24

3.2.1 Survey Structure…………………………………………………………….24

3.2.2 Participant Selection…………………………………………………………25

3.2.3 Data Collection and Analysis………………………………………………..26

3.2.4 Ethical Considerations……………………………………………………….26

3.3 Statistical Formula……………………………………………………………..26

3.4 Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………..27

CHAPTER 4: SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS……………………………...47

4.1 Project Site……………………………………………………………………..47

4.2 Site Analysis…………………………………………………………………...47

4.3 SWOT Analysis………………………………………………………………..48

4.4 Building Placement…………………………………………………………….50

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CHAPTER 5: TECHNICAL RESEARCH DATA……………………………..52

5.1 Republic Act. No. 11223………………………………………………………52

5.2 Administrative Order No. 20200-0047………………………………………...53

5.3 General Requirements………………………………………………………….54

5.4 Space Requirements……………………………………………………………56

5.5 Functional Requirements………………………………………………………57

5.6 Specific Technical Requirements………………………………………………59

Appendix A………………………………………………………………………..64

Letter for the Approval of Survey……………………………………………….64

Appendix B………………………………………………………………………..65

Questionnares……………………………………………………………………..65

References…………………………………………………………………………71
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: What is your age?.....................................................................................27

Figure 2: What is your gender?................................................................................28

Figure 3: What is your monthly household income?...............................................29

Figure 4: How many people live in your household?..............................................30

Figure 5: What is your highest level of education?.................................................30

Figure 6: Are you employed?..................................................................................31

Figure 7: Do you have any children?.......................................................................32

Figure 8: If yes, how many children do you have?..................................................32

Figure 9: Do you or any family members have any long-term medical

conditions…………………………………………………………………………..33

Figure 10: What is your primary mode of transportation?......................................34

Figure 11: How often have you visited a healthcare facility in the last year?.........35

Figure 12: How far is the nearest healthcare facility from your home?..................35

Figure 13: How satisfied are you with the current healthcare services available in

Barangay Sta. Clara?.................................................................................................36

Figure 14: Which of the following health issues have affted you or your family

members in the past year?.........................................................................................37

Figure 15: Have you received any family planning education or services in the

past?..........................................................................................................................38

Figure 16: If yes, where did you receive these services?.........................................38

Figure 17: How often do you access healthcare services outside the barangay?....39

Figure 18: Are you currently experiencing any issues related to healthcare

accessibility within Barangay Sta. Clara?.................................................................40

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Figure 19: What transportation method do you primarily use to access healthcare

services?....................................................................................................................41

Figure 20: Are you aware of any health education programs offered in Barangay

Sta. Clara?.................................................................................................................42

Figure 21: Do you believe the lack of healthcare facilities has contributed to higher

health risks in your community?...............................................................................43

Figure 22: How likely are you to recommend the use of the wellness center to

others once it is built?...............................................................................................44

Figure 23: Site Analysis…………………………………………………………………..48

Figure 24: Building Placement…………………………………………………………..51

Figure 25: General Provisions…………………………………………………………...53

Figure 26: AO No. 2020-0047……………………………………………………………54

Figure 27: General Requirements……………………………………………………….55

Figure 28: Space Requirements………………………………………………………….57

Figure 29: Functional Requirements……………………………………………………59

Figure 30: Specific Technical Requirements…………………………………………...63

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CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A vital component of any community’s overall well-being and development is

access to healthcare. In Barangay Sta. Clara, a suburban area in Sta. Maria,

Bulacan, an absence of key infrastructure, especially a wellness center, has

profoundly hampered the quality of life for its residents. Although a potential for

growth is seen, its remote location and small geographic size resulted in the

government’s limited support and resources, magnifying the community’s

challenges.

The nearest health or wellness center is approximately 2 kilometers away from

Barangay Sta. Clara. This distance poses a significant barrier for residents,

particularly those with limited mobility or access to transportation. While there are

ambulances available to deliver patients to the nearest hospital, these ambulances

lack their own clinic or medical first aid assistance, leaving a critical gap in

immediate healthcare services within the barangay.

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Various difficulties have been brought about in Barangay Sta. Clara mainly due to

its lack of a wellness center. These difficulties comprise of insufficient access to

medical care and a lack of public health education. Without proper healthcare

services, residents are susceptible to misinformation such as health issues,

inadequate family planning guidance, and restricted access to essential medical

care. These concerns continually contribute to the ever-growing social and

health-related problems, namely the risk of overpopulation and the spread of

preventable diseases.

Following these issues, this study aims to assess the practicality of establishing a

tropically inspired wellness center that provides essential healthcare services and an

integrated daycare facility. Addressing the needs of all community members, the

proposed wellness center is designed to be accessible, sustainable, and

cost-effective. The project seeks to improve the overall health and well-being of

Barangay Sta. Clara by creating an environment that promotes both physical and

social well-being.

1.2 RATIONALE

The absence of adequate healthcare and childcare infrastructure is a significant

issue in many rural and suburban communities in the Philippines, including

Barangay Sta. Clara in Sta. Maria, Bulacan. The lack of a dedicated wellness center

within the barangay limits leaves residents with limited access to essential medical
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services, often requiring them to travel approximately 2 kilometers to the nearest

health facility. This distance can be a considerable barrier, especially in emergency

situations, where timely medical assistance is crucial. Although ambulances are

available to transport patients to the nearest hospital, these vehicles lack their own

clinic or medical first aid assistance, further exacerbating the challenges in

delivering prompt healthcare.

Moreover, the tropical climate of the Philippines presents unique challenges in the

design and operation of public facilities. High temperatures, humidity, and the risk

of natural disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes necessitate the integration of

resilient and sustainable architectural strategies. These considerations are vital to

ensure that the wellness center can operate efficiently under varying environmental

conditions and continue to serve the community during and after extreme weather

events.

Ultimately, this research aims to demonstrate that well-designed, sustainable

healthcare facilities can play a pivotal role in enhancing the overall development of

communities like Barangay Sta. Clara. By addressing the gaps in healthcare

infrastructure, the proposed wellness center will not only improve access to medical

services but also foster a healthier, more resilient community. This project seeks to

provide a model for future developments in similar rural and underserved areas.
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1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3.1 Major Problem

Barangay Sta. Clara, a suburban area in Sta. Maria, Bulacan, faces significant

challenges due to its remote location and small geographic size, which limit

governmental support and resources. One of the most pressing issues is the absence

of essential infrastructure, particularly a wellness center. The lack of such a facility

has serious implications for the community’s health and well-being, leading to

inadequate access to medical care, a shortage of public health education, and an

increased risk of overpopulation due to insufficient family planning education.

These deficiencies hinder the overall development and quality of life within the

barangay. The central problem is how to establish a comprehensive wellness center

that not only meets the healthcare needs of the residents but also adapts to the

unique cultural and climatic context of the Philippines, integrating architectural

considerations that enhance sustainability and disaster resilience.

1.3.2 Minor Problems

1. Service Integration

How can the proposed wellness center effectively integrate services that cater to the

diverse needs of the community, including children, adults, the elderly, and

pregnant women, while also accommodating a daycare facility?

2. Design and Experience

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What architectural features and design strategies can be implemented to create a

visually pleasing and comfortable environment that enhances the well-being of both

patients and healthcare providers?

3. Sustainability Practices

How can the wellness center incorporate sustainable practices such as passive

cooling, natural ventilation, water conservation, and waste minimization, ensuring a

holistic approach to health and wellness?

4. Cost-Effectiveness

In light of the limited budget typical of barangay health centers, what cost-effective

materials and innovative construction technologies can be employed to ensure the

center’s long-term viability?

5. Disaster Resilience

How can the wellness center be designed to be resilient to natural disasters, such as

typhoons and earthquakes, ensuring uninterrupted functionality during

emergencies?

1.4 GOAL OF THE STUDY

The main goal of this project is to design a tropically inspired barangay wellness

center with an integrated daycare facility that addresses the health and wellness

needs of Barangay Sta. Clara’s residents. The project aims to create a health facility
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that is accessible, sustainable, and resilient, taking into consideration the

environmental and climatic context of the Philippines. By integrating modern

architectural design with sustainable practices, the wellness center will provide a

supportive environment that promotes both physical and social well-being.

1.5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1.5.1 Main Objective

The main objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive plan for

constructing a functional and cost-effective healthcare facility in Barangay Sta.

Clara, Sta. Maria, Bulacan. This facility will address the existing gaps in medical

care and infrastructure within the barangay. The study will focus on evaluating the

specific health needs of the community, identifying effective models for

accessibility, comfort, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness, and providing

actionable recommendations to enhance the overall well-being of Barangay Sta.

Clara’s residents and support the barangay’s growth.

1.5.2 Specific Objective

● To Design a Sustainable Healthcare Facility

Incorporate sustainable practices such as passive cooling, natural ventilation, solar

heat management, and waste minimization in the design of the wellness center.
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● To Ensure Accessibility and Comfort

Create a design that is accessible to all residents, including provisions for

PWD-friendly features like ramps and dedicated spaces, ensuring comfort and ease

of access.

● To Integrate Multi-purpose Spaces

Designate areas within the wellness center for family planning services, mass

vaccinations, and other community health initiatives.

● To Enhance Disaster Resilience

Develop a structure that is resistant to typhoons and earthquakes, ensuring the

facility’s functionality during disasters and emergencies.

● To Promote Effective Circulation

Design the wellness center with a smooth flow of circulation within the spaces,

optimizing the layout for both staff and patients.

● To Meet Regulatory Standards

Ensure the design adheres to the National Building Code of the Philippines and the

Fire Code of the Philippines, including the integration of fire exits and the use of

non-combustible, flame-resistant materials.

● To Provide Essential Health Services

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Incorporate spaces that cater to primary healthcare needs, including maternal and

child healthcare, preventive services, and emergency medical care.

● To Allocate Parking for Emergency Vehicles

Ensure the availability of dedicated parking spaces for ambulances and other

emergency vehicles.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant as it addresses critical deficiencies in the healthcare

infrastructure of Barangay Sta. Clara, Sta. Maria, Bulacan. By developing a detailed

plan for a tropically inspired wellness center with an integrated daycare facility, the

study aims to provide essential healthcare services that are accessible, sustainable,

and cost-effective.

1.6.1 Significance to the Community

The proposed wellness center will significantly improve community health by

offering easy access to primary healthcare services within the barangay. This will

reduce instances of inadequate care, promote regular check-ups, and support

preventive health measures, ultimately enhancing the overall well-being of

residents. The facility's focus on sustainability and disaster resilience will also

contribute to the long-term viability of healthcare services in the area, potentially

attracting further governmental and non-governmental support.

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1.6.2 Significance to Public Health Awareness and Family Planning

The wellness center will serve as a hub for disseminating accurate medical

information and promoting public health awareness. Through family planning

education and services, the center will empower residents to make informed

decisions about their reproductive health, helping to address issues such as

overpopulation and improving family well-being.

1.6.3 Significance to Overall Community Development

By filling critical gaps in healthcare access, this project will support the growth and

development of Barangay Sta. Clara. The improved healthcare infrastructure will

enhance the quality of life for residents and serve as a model for similar rural and

underserved communities. The center’s emphasis on sustainability and resilience

will ensure that it remains a valuable resource for the community for years to come.

1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

1.7.1 Scope of the Study

● Geographical Focus

The study is focused on Barangay Sta. Clara, located in Sta. Maria, Bulacan. The

project will specifically address the healthcare and childcare needs of this barangay,
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considering its unique demographic, geographic, and socio-economic

characteristics

● Population

The study will concentrate on the residents of Barangay Sta. Clara, including all age

groups, with a particular focus on vulnerable populations such as children, pregnant

women, the elderly, and low-income families. The integrated daycare facility will

specifically cater to children of working parents within the barangay

● Design and Infrastructure

The study will explore architectural and design strategies tailored to the tropical

climate of the Philippines, incorporating passive cooling, natural ventilation, and

sustainable materials. The focus will also be on creating a cost-effective,

disaster-resilient wellness center that aligns with local cultural practices and

healthcare needs.

● Services Offered

The proposed wellness center will include primary healthcare services, family

planning, public health education, preventive care, and a daycare facility. It will not

cover specialized or tertiary medical services but will provide referrals to larger

hospitals if necessary.

● Sustainability

The study will evaluate the potential for sustainable practices, such as solar energy

utilization, rainwater harvesting, and waste management, in both the wellness

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center and daycare center. Long-term maintenance and community involvement

will also be considered.

1.7.2 Limitations of the Study

● Community Participation

While the study will aim to involve community members in the planning process,

there may be limitations due to varying levels of engagement, potential resistance to

change, or differing priorities within the community.

● Data Availability

The study’s findings may be constrained by the availability and reliability of data,

including demographic information, health statistics, and community needs

assessments. Limited or outdated data may affect the accuracy of the study’s

conclusions and recommendations.

● Regulatory Compliance

Ensuring full compliance with all relevant regulations, codes, and standards may

present challenges, particularly in adapting to local requirements and integrating

best practices for sustainability and disaster resilience.

1.8 ASSUMPTIONS

The fundamental beliefs and principles that direct the course of the research are

referred to as the study's assumptions. The researcher's background and experiences

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have influenced the study's assumptions and to make the research better, these

assumptions need to be recognized and addressed. The following assumptions have

been based on the different kinds of problems in the barangay, the specifications for

the Wellness Center, and the objectives established by the researchers.

1.8.1 Cost Effectiveness

Due to the barangay's small size, finances are limited and ineffectively allocated.

Considering that this will be one of the more financially challenging aspects of

developing the barangay wellness center, the researchers have made the

well-considered choice to carefully distribute the funds and utilize reasonably

priced, long-lasting materials that will not require continuous maintenance.

Once the barangay wellness center is constructed with reasonably priced supplies,

the researchers will likely have greater funds to make use of to buy the required

machinery and additional types of equipment.

1.8.2 Fully Equipped

The barangay wellness center is anticipated to include essential gear and equipment

needed in an emergency because of its somewhat remote position from larger

hospitals.
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This also applies to vehicles and ambulances in the event that an individual will be

required to be transported to one of the bigger healthcare facilities.

The staff is also included in this. The wellness center is expected to have a complete

staff of physicians, maintenance persons, and other barangay employees.

1.8.3 Area

The barangay wellness center is expected to be able to cater to the greater

population of the barangay. This must have designated areas that can accommodate

children, pregnant women, adults, and senior citizens at the same time.

The wellness center is also expected to have separate areas for emergency,

non-emergency, and infectious disease management so that it is easier to track

people and provide care to those who need it immediately.

1.9 HYPOTHESIS

There is a limited budget involved in building the barangay wellness center, if the

researchers opt for cheaper materials, will it affect the overall design and flow of

activities in the wellness center?

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H0: No, using cheaper materials will not affect the overall design and flow of

activities in the wellness center.

H1: Yes, using cheaper materials will affect the overall design and flow of activities

in the wellness center

Considering the limited budget, will the barangay wellness center’s much-needed

complete, new, and well-functioning machinery, equipment, and staff affect the

outcomes of certain situations and cases where they will be needed?

H0: No, it will not affect the outcomes of certain situations. These machinery and

equipment do not have to be complete, new, and well-functioning to perform their

intended work.

H1: Yes, it will affect the outcomes of certain situations. These machinery and

equipment must be complete, new, and well-functioning to perform their intended

work.

Considering the small size of the barangay, the main location of the lot for the

Barangay Wellness Center, and the narrow street, will the car and foot traffic of

users, passersby, and the general population be greatly impacted?

H0: No, the car and foot traffic of users, passersby, and the general population will

not be greatly impacted.

H1: Yes, the car and foot traffic of users, passersby, and the general population will

be greatly impacted.
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1.10 GLOSSARY

Barangay – The smallest administrative division in the Philippines, similar to a

village or neighborhood.

Disaster Resilience – The capacity of a facility or community to withstand, adapt

to, and recover from natural disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes.

Family Planning – Services and education provided to individuals and couples to

help them plan and space their pregnancies, including contraceptive methods and

reproductive health counseling.

Daycare Center – an institution that provides supervision and care of infants and

young children during the daytime, particularly so that their parents can hold jobs.

Passive Cooling – Architectural design strategies that reduce indoor temperatures

without mechanical systems, using natural ventilation, shading, and insulation.

Public Health Education – The dissemination of information and education to

promote health and prevent disease within a community.

Sustainability – The practice of designing and constructing buildings in ways that

are environmentally responsible, resource-efficient, and maintainable over the long

term.

Tropical Architecture – Design principles and strategies tailored to the tropical

climate, focusing on managing high temperatures, humidity, and heavy rainfall.

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Wellness Center – A facility that provides a range of health and wellness services,

including preventive care, health education, and community health initiatives.

Natural Ventilation – The use of natural air flow through windows, vents, and

other openings to regulate indoor air quality and temperature.

Cost-Effectiveness – Achieving the desired outcomes with the least financial

expenditure, ensuring that the benefits outweigh the costs.

Community Development – Efforts and initiatives aimed at improving the quality

of life in a community through infrastructure, services, and social programs.

Health Infrastructure – The physical facilities, equipment, and services needed to

deliver healthcare to a population, including hospitals, clinics, and wellness centers.

Solar Heat Management – Techniques used to control and reduce the amount of

heat gained from solar radiation, such as shading devices and reflective materials.

Rainwater Harvesting – The collection and storage of rainwater for reuse, often in

irrigation or as an alternative water source for non-potable uses.

Waste Minimization – Strategies and practices aimed at reducing the amount of

waste generated, including recycling, composting, and efficient resource use.

Accessibility – The design of facilities and

services to ensure that they are usable by people of all abilities, including those with

disabilities.
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Healthcare Services – A range of services provided to maintain or improve health,

including preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative care.

Cultural Context – The unique social, historical, and environmental factors that

influence design and functionality within a specific community or region.

Regulatory Standards – Official guidelines and requirements established by

governmental bodies to ensure safety, quality, and compliance in construction and

operation.

1.11 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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In this research, the Input-Process-Output (IPO) conceptual framework is

used to guide the creation of a healthcare center that effectively meets community

needs.

The Input stage involves gathering critical data, starting with a community

health assessment to gather data on the population’s health status, prevalent

illnesses, demographic trends, and healthcare access. This data, combined with

insights into socio-economic factors and health behaviors, will help identify key

health needs and risk factors. Engaging stakeholders such as local government units

(LGUs), healthcare professionals, and barangay officials is essential for aligning

with regulatory requirements, securing funding, and ensuring the center meets

community expectations. Community involvement through surveys and focus

groups ensures that the healthcare services are tailored to residents' needs.

Additionally, architectural considerations, such as the use of sustainable materials

and selecting a site that mitigates environmental risks, ensure the facility’s

resilience and long-term functionality. The integration of appropriate medical

technology and scalable digital systems, like electronic health records (EHR),

further enhances the efficiency of service delivery and prepares the center for future

growth and technological advancements.

The Process focuses on architectural design and construction, ensuring that

the healthcare center is accessible to all, including people with disabilities, and
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features flexible, multi-purpose spaces. The design incorporates sustainable

elements such as solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and energy-efficient systems, as

well as disaster resilience measures to protect against earthquakes, floods, and

typhoons. Service integration and workflow ensure seamless coordination of

services such as primary care, maternal health, mental health support, and

immunizations, while fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. Continuous training

and capacity building are provided to healthcare professionals, emphasizing

patient-centered care and modern health technologies. The technology setup

includes telemedicine capabilities and electronic health records (EHR), improving

patient data management and enabling remote consultations.

The Output emphasizes improved health outcomes, including reductions in

common diseases, enhanced maternal and child health, and better overall wellness

through data-driven evaluations. The center ensures accessible and affordable

healthcare for all barangay residents by offering basic and specialized services

locally, thus reducing the need for long-distance travel. It also achieves

sustainability and cost savings through energy-efficient operations and

environmentally friendly practices. The center's resilient healthcare delivery ensures

continued service during natural disasters, while regular assessments of patient

satisfaction and community engagement allow for adaptive improvements. Finally,

the center serves as a hub for community empowerment and education, promoting

health literacy and preventive care, empowering residents to take charge of their

health.
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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature and Studies

2.1 Universal Health Coverage in the Philippines

Governments across the globe have made universal health coverage a top priority in

order to guarantee equitable and financial security while offering high-quality

healthcare services to everyone. Countries need to spend about USD 1500, or

roughly PHP 84,000, per capita annually to obtain 80% effective UHC. The

Philippines' 2020 per capita health expenditure was only approximately USD 430,

or PHP 24,000, which illustrates the disparity between the resources required to

support UHC and the nation's capacity to make such investments.

The Philippines implemented significant reforms in response to these gaps in health

financing, including the passage of the Universal Health Care Law in 2019 and the

launch of the "Konsultasyong Sulit at Tama" (or "Konsulta") package in 2020,

which is a benefit package designed to incentivize primary care. The nation has

achieved only slight progress toward achieving the global health targets outlined in

the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 as a result of previous and present

efforts and initiatives. But while patient benefit plans and health financing
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programs, catastrophic medical costs still force Filipinos into poverty. (Amit et al.

2022).

2.2 Challenges in Public Health Facilities and Services

Enduring the underfinanced and undermanned health facilities, the population also

suffers the consequences on overall health owing to limited movements and

communication due to the geographical characteristics of the municipality. (Collado

ZC. 2019) Poverty has a major contribution to deaths and poor health conditions as

the less fortunate suffer the incapability to cope with health expenditures. An

example of the issue that poverty can bring is malnourishment. According to

UNICEF, 95 children in the Philippines die because of malnutrition. It can also

affect travel as transportation can be expensive and the healthcare centers are a

great distance from their homes that the supposed transportation money that they

would use to go to healthcare centers would be used for their everyday needs

instead.

Aside from poverty, the conditions of public health facilities including the quality

of health professionals and workers also determine the trajectories of health

outcomes. Access to public health facilities and their services can greatly affect the

mortality and morbidity rates associated with unhygienic medical procedures. Some

health professionals are “forced” to issue prescriptions due to the absence of doctors

in the area. There is already a shortage of health professionals and because of the

inadequate pay and overworking caused by long hours are making health personnel

consider leaving even more.

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2.3 Human-centered design and innovations in Healthcare Facilities

Human Centered Design (HCD) there is a great deal of ambiguity and a

desire to provide high-value, people-centered solutions to complicated challenges,

human-centered design (HCD) is an innovative method that works well.

Fundamentally, HCD is a social technology that uses the diversity of human

cognition to harness both individual and group creativity to provide compassionate

and ethnographic-oriented insights that serve as a basis for coming up with new

solution ideas. After that, these solution concepts are investigated through iterative

learning techniques in order to determine which are more likely to provide clear

value for end users and endure over time.(Levander. 2023)

Human-centered Design is often described as an approach to developing

products, services, and systems that is iterative, collaborative, and people-centered

is said to be especially effective in addressing complex problems (Creativity and

development in health care: tapping into organizational enablers through

human-centered design). A rising number of medical professionals have been using

HCD in recent years to work with patients to create person-centered health care

solutions.

2.4 Passive Cooling and Ventilation

The main technique of passive cooling and ventilation is natural ventilation.

Generally, ventilation of the buildings is also essential to preserve the necessary

levels of oxygen in space and the quality of air. The requirements for ventilation
 23

have traditionally been met by natural means. The infiltration levels in the majority

of older buildings offered considerable amounts of outdoor air, while the windows

were opened to satisfy further requirements (D. Al-shamkhee et al., 2022). By

improving the thermal comfort of the occupants, using natural ventilation solutions

for interior buildings guarantees improved indoor air quality and lower energy

requirements for cooling.

Passive cooling uses the physics of heat energy itself to keep it outside the building.

Some techniques are based entirely on the building design, while others need the

people in the building to do something or have it done for them by a control system.

The passive cooling techniques that will work for a given building will depend on

its size, orientation, and intended use. (David Miles, 2021) Ventilation and passive

cooling go hand in hand since many passive cooling techniques entail guiding air

flow throughout the structure to maintain both temperature and air quality.
 24

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Overview

This chapter outlines the methodology used to assess and design the proposed

wellness center for Barangay Sta. Clara. The approach combines both qualitative

and quantitative methods to ensure that the design meets the community’s

healthcare needs while considering constraints like cost, sustainability, and

resilience.

3.2 Research Design

This study employs a mixed-methods research design, integrating both qualitative

and quantitative approaches to capture a comprehensive understanding of the

healthcare needs in Barangay Sta. Clara. The methodology aims to gather relevant

data through a structured survey distributed via Google Forms, targeting a sample

size of 15 participants from the community.

3.2.1 Survey Structure

The survey comprises three main sections:

Demographic Questions (10 items):

This section collects essential demographic information to identify the diverse

needs of the community. Questions will cover aspects such as age, gender,
 25

household size, employment status, and educational background. Understanding

these demographics will help tailor the wellness center’s services to different

segments of the population.

Healthcare Access and Preferences (13 items):

This section includes multiple-choice questions designed to quantitatively assess

residents' access to healthcare services, preferences for service delivery, and barriers

they face in obtaining medical care. This data will provide insights into how the

proposed wellness center can address specific healthcare access issues within the

barangay.

Community Health Experiences and Perspectives (12 items):

This qualitative section will feature open-ended questions aimed at capturing

participants' personal experiences with healthcare services and their perspectives on

community health challenges. This qualitative data will enrich the study by

providing deeper insights into residents’ needs and aspirations regarding health

services.

3.2.2 Participant Selection

Participants will be selected using a convenience sampling method, ensuring a

diverse representation from various demographic backgrounds within Barangay Sta.

Clara. Recruitment will occur through community meetings, social media

announcements, and local organizations to encourage participation and engagement.

 26

3.2.3 Data Collection and Analysis

Data will be collected using Google Forms, ensuring ease of access and anonymity

for participants. Quantitative data from the healthcare access section will be

analyzed using statistical methods to identify trends and correlations, while

qualitative responses will be coded and thematically analyzed to extract key

insights and common themes related to community health experiences.

3.2.4 Ethical Considerations

All participants will be informed about the study's purpose, and their consent will

be obtained prior to participation. The research will adhere to ethical guidelines to

ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of respondents, as well as the responsible

handling of collected data.

3.3 Statistical Formula

To analyze the quantitative data from the survey, the following statistical methods

and formulas will be employed:

1. Frequency Distribution and Percentage Calculation:

The frequency and percentage of each response in the Healthcare Access and

Preferences section will be calculated to understand the distribution of answers

across the participants. The formula used for percentage calculation is:

Formula:

𝑓
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒% = 𝑁
× 100
 27

Where:

% = Percent symbol

f = Frequency of respondents

N = Total of member of respondents

2. Thematic Analysis for Qualitative Data:

Qualitative responses from the Community Health Experiences and Perspectives

section will be coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. The responses will be

grouped into themes to identify common patterns and insights into the community's

health challenges and needs.

3.4 Data Analysisss

Section 1: Quantitative Analysis, Summary and Discussion

Figure 1: What is your age?

 28

This data shows that 86.7% of respondents are aged 18-25, while the remaining

respondents fall into other age categories in significantly smaller proportions. This

indicates that the majority of participants are young adults, which suggests that the

insights gathered will largely reflect the healthcare needs and preferences of this

age group, potentially leading to a focus on services tailored to younger residents.

Figure 2: What is your gender?

This data shows that 60% of respondents identify as male, 26.7% as female, and

13.3% prefer not to disclose their gender. This indicates that the majority of the

survey participants are male, which may suggest that healthcare needs and

preferences provided in the responses are more reflective of the male demographic

in Barangay Sta. Clara. However, the representation of females and those who

prefer not to disclose their gender should still be considered to ensure inclusive

service design in the wellness center.

 29

Figure 3: What is your monthly household income?

This data shows that 60% of respondents have a monthly household income of

below ₱10,000, while 20% earn between ₱10,000-₱20,000, and 13.3% earn

₱30,001-₱40,000. A small portion, 6.7%, earn between ₱20,001-₱30,000. This

indicates that the majority of the respondents have relatively low incomes, with

most households earning less than ₱10,000 per month. This suggests that

affordability and cost-effective healthcare services will likely be key considerations

for the proposed wellness center to address the financial constraints faced by many

in Barangay Sta. Clara.

 30

Figure 4: How many people live in your household?

This data indicates that household sizes vary among respondents. The majority,

46.7%, reported living with 5-6 people in their household. Another 26.7% live in

households with more than 6 members, suggesting larger family units are common.

Meanwhile, 20% of respondents have 3-4 people in their household, and a smaller

portion, 6.7%, live with 1-2 people. This distribution highlights that nearly

three-quarters of households consist of five or more individuals, suggesting a trend

toward larger family structures in the community.

Figure 5: What is your highest level of education?

This data shows that the majority of respondents, 53.3%, have completed a college

degree, indicating a relatively high educational attainment within the community.

Meanwhile, 20% have reached high school as their highest level of education, and

another 20% have postgraduate qualifications, suggesting a significant portion

pursued further education after college. A small percentage, 6.7%, reported no

 31

formal education, highlighting that educational levels are generally high, though a

small minority may lack access to formal schooling.

Figure 6: Are you employed?

This data indicates that the majority of respondents, 53.3%, are employed part-time.

Additionally, 40% are self-employed, suggesting that a large portion of the

community engages in independent or entrepreneurial work. Only a small

percentage, 6.7%, have full-time employment, while no respondents reported being

unemployed. This suggests a community with high levels of economic engagement,

particularly through part-time and self-employment, rather than traditional full-time

roles.
 32

Figure 7: Do you have any children?

The data shows that a large majority of respondents, 86.7%, do not have children,

while only 13.3% reported having children. This indicates that most participants in

this survey do not have dependents, which may influence their healthcare needs and

preferences for services provided by the wellness center.

Figure 8: If yes, how many children do you have?

 33

The data indicates that among the respondents who have children, 50% have one

child, while the remaining 50% have more than five children. This suggests that the

respondents who do have children represent two distinct groups: one with smaller

families and another with significantly larger family sizes. These findings could

influence the types of family-oriented services or child-related healthcare needs that

the proposed wellness center may need to accommodate.

Figure 9: Do you or any family members have any long-term medical conditions?

The data shows that 26.7% of respondents reported having long-term medical

conditions or having family members with such conditions, while the majority,

66.7%, indicated that they do not. A small portion, 6.7%, preferred not to disclose

this information. This suggests that while a significant portion of the community

does not currently face chronic health issues, there is still a notable minority that

may require ongoing medical care and support. These findings are important for

understanding the healthcare needs of the community and could guide the wellness

center’s focus on chronic disease management and support services.

 34

Figure 10: What is your primary mode of transportation?

This data shows that 46.7% of respondents use jeepneys as their primary mode of

transportation, making it the most common choice. Both tricycles and private

vehicles are used by 26.7% of respondents each. No respondents indicated that

walking is their primary mode of transportation. This suggests that motorized

transport, particularly public options like jeepneys and tricycles, dominates as the

primary means of commuting in the community.

Section 2: Quantitative Analysis, Summary and Discussion

 35

Figure 11: How often have you visited a healthcare facility in the last year?

This data shows that 60% of respondents visited a healthcare facility 1-2 times in

the last year, while 26.7% visited 3-5 times. Only 13.3% of respondents indicated

that they had not visited a healthcare facility at all in the past year. No respondents

reported visiting a healthcare facility more than 5 times. This indicates that the

majority of respondents have had minimal but regular contact with healthcare

services over the past year.

Figure 12: How far is the nearest healthcare facility from your home?

This data shows that 46.7% of respondents live more than 2 km away from the

nearest healthcare facility, while 33.3% are 1-2 km away, and 20% reside less than

1 km from a healthcare facility. This indicates that a significant portion of the

community faces considerable distances to access healthcare services, with nearly

half of the respondents needing to travel more than 2 km. This highlights the

potential need for a more accessible wellness center within Barangay Sta. Clara to

reduce travel distances and improve healthcare access for the community.
 36

Figure 13: How satisfied are you with the current healthcare services available in

Barangay Sta. Clara?

This data shows that 60% of respondents feel neutral about the current healthcare

services available in Barangay Sta. Clara, while 20% are dissatisfied, 13.3% are

satisfied, and the remaining 6.7% are very satisfied. This indicates that a majority of

the community feels ambivalent toward the healthcare services, with a notable

portion expressing dissatisfaction. This suggests room for significant improvements

in healthcare offerings to better meet the needs and expectations of residents, and

the proposed wellness center could help address these gaps in service quality and

accessibility.
 37

Figure 14: Which of the following health issues have affected you or your family

members in the past year?

This data shows that 53.3% of respondents reported being affected by

non-communicable diseases such as diabetes or hypertension, while 46.7%

experienced respiratory illnesses. Additionally, 40% dealt with infectious diseases

like dengue or typhoid, and 13.3% encountered maternal or child health issues.

Only 6.7% of respondents indicated that they were not affected by any health issues

in the past year. These findings highlight a significant burden of non-communicable

and respiratory diseases in Barangay Sta. Clara, suggesting that the wellness center

should prioritize services for chronic disease management, respiratory care, and

infectious disease prevention.

 38

Figure 15: Have you received any family planning education or services in the

past?

This data shows that 60% of respondents have not received family planning

education or services, while the remaining 40% have. This indicates a gap in access

to family planning resources for the majority of the community. The wellness center

could address this by offering comprehensive family planning education and

services to better meet the needs of Barangay Sta. Clara's residents.

Figure 16: If yes, where did you receive these services?

 39

This data shows that 26.7% of respondents who received family planning services

did so at a hospital, 26.7% at a private clinic, and 26.7% at a barangay health center,

with the remaining 20% marked as N/A (indicating they did not receive services).

This suggests that family planning services are accessed relatively evenly across

hospitals, private clinics, and local health centers. Expanding these services within

the proposed wellness center could provide more accessible options for those who

have not yet received family planning education or services.

Figure 17: How often do you access healthcare services outside the barangay?

This data shows that 66.7% of respondents access healthcare services outside the

barangay occasionally (once or twice a year), while 13.3% do so frequently (3-5

times a year), and 20% report that they never seek healthcare outside the barangay.

No respondents reported accessing healthcare services regularly. This suggests that

most residents rely on external healthcare services only occasionally, likely due to
 40

limited local healthcare options. This highlights the need for better healthcare

infrastructure within Barangay Sta. Clara to reduce reliance on external services.

Figure 18: Are you currently experiencing any issues related to healthcare

accessibility within Barangay Sta. Clara?

This data shows that 80% of respondents are not currently experiencing issues

related to healthcare accessibility within Barangay Sta. Clara, while 20% report

having difficulties. This suggests that, while the majority of residents find

healthcare somewhat accessible, there is still a notable minority facing challenges.

Addressing these accessibility issues could be a key priority for the proposed

wellness center, ensuring that healthcare becomes more inclusive and available for

all community members.

 41

Figure 19: What transportation method do you primarily use to access healthcare

services?

This data shows that 33.3% of respondents primarily use a jeepney or a tricycle to

access healthcare services, while 26.7% rely on a private vehicle, and the remaining

6.7% access services by walking. This indicates that public transportation,

especially jeepneys and tricycles, plays a significant role in healthcare access for

the majority of residents in Barangay Sta. Clara. The reliance on these

transportation methods highlights the importance of ensuring healthcare facilities

are easily accessible via public transport routes for those without private vehicles.
 42

Figure 20: Are you aware of any health education programs offered in Barangay

Sta. Clara?

This data shows that 86.7% of respondents are not aware of any health education

programs offered in Barangay Sta. Clara, while only 13.3% are aware of such

programs. This indicates a significant lack of awareness about existing health

education initiatives, suggesting that either these programs are limited or not

well-publicized. Increasing visibility and availability of health education programs

could be a critical area of focus for the wellness center to enhance community

knowledge and engagement with healthcare services.

 43

Figure 21: Do you believe the lack of healthcare facilities has contributed to higher

health risks in your community?

This data shows that 53.3% of respondents strongly agree and 20% agree that the

lack of healthcare facilities has contributed to higher health risks in their

community, while 26.7% remain neutral. No respondents disagreed or strongly

disagreed. This indicates that a majority of the community believes the absence of

adequate healthcare facilities is directly linked to increased health risks,

underscoring the importance of establishing a wellness center to address these

concerns and improve community health outcomes.

 44

Figure 22: How likely are you to recommend the use of the wellness center to

others once it is built?

The data shows that the majority of respondents have a positive outlook toward

recommending the wellness center to others. Specifically, 46.7% indicated that they

are "very likely" to recommend it, while 33.3% are "likely" to do so. Additionally,

20% are neutral, meaning they may need more information or experience before

making a recommendation. Notably, no respondents selected "unlikely" or "very

unlikely," suggesting that there is a generally favorable perception of the wellness

center among the community, with no significant opposition.

Section 3: Qualitative Analysis, Summary and Discussion

The data collected from interviews and focus groups with residents of Barangay

Sta. Clara was analyzed using thematic analysis. This qualitative method enabled

the identification of recurring patterns and themes from the residents' experiences

and challenges with healthcare services. Thematic analysis allowed for a structured
 45

approach in interpreting the data, uncovering key issues related to healthcare

access, medical supplies, overcrowding, health problems, and expectations for

improved services.

Key themes emerged from the data, including:

Healthcare Access Challenges: The shortage of medical professionals and long

waiting times were recurrent concerns.

Medical Supply Shortages: Participants highlighted the frequent lack of essential

medicines, vaccines, and medical equipment.

Overcrowding in Healthcare Centers: Many residents reported overcrowding,

which exacerbated the challenges of receiving timely care.

Health Issues in the Community: Malnutrition, diabetes, and dengue were

identified as prevalent health problems, often linked to poverty and poor living

conditions.

Educational Programs and Community Empowerment: Residents

acknowledged the positive effects of health education programs, which helped

improve nutrition and hygiene practices.

Resident Expectations for Improved Healthcare: There was a strong desire for

better-equipped facilities, increased medical staff, and affordable healthcare

services, with a focus on preventive care.

These themes were reviewed and refined to ensure they reflected the participants'

experiences and perspectives. The thematic analysis provided a comprehensive

 46

understanding of the healthcare issues faced by the community and informed the

subsequent recommendations for improving healthcare services in Barangay Sta.

Clara.

Conclusion

The thematic analysis revealed critical challenges related to healthcare access,

medical supply shortages, and prevalent health conditions in Barangay Sta. Clara.

Additionally, it highlighted the importance of educational programs and the

community's expectations for improved services. These findings underscore the

need for both local and governmental support to enhance healthcare and promote a

healthier, more resilient community.

 47

CHAPTER 4

SITE PROFILE AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Project Site

The site is situated within a residential and mixed-use area, designated to function

as a barangay health center that addresses the community's health and medical

needs. It faces a major road, offering easy access for residents. With dimensions of

20.00m x 30.00m, the site allows for appropriate setbacks, ensuring sufficient space

for outdoor circulation and parking.

4.2 Site Analysis

The sun path moves from east to west, making the southern and western parts of the

site the most exposed to sunlight, highlighting the need for shading. The Amihan

winds from the northeast and Habagat winds from the southwest present

opportunities for natural ventilation, if properly integrated into the design. While

noise from nearby roads and commercial areas may pose a challenge, the site

benefits from good access to major roads. Despite considerations like traffic and

noise, the terrain is almost flat, which is advantageous. Surrounding the property

are a mix of residential and commercial buildings, with limited vegetation, mainly a

few trees located toward the northern section.

 48

Figure 23: Site Analysis

4.3 SWOT Analysis

Strengths Weaknesses Opportuniti Threats

es

The location of the Despite its The site’s location A possible threat is

site is highly convenient location, near mixed-use the risk of traffic

convenient as it is the site's proximity buildings creates congestion, which

along a main road, to a busy road poses opportunities for could create safety

making it easy for challenges such as partnerships that issues for

patients and heavy foot traffic could enhance pedestrians crossing

vehicles to access. and street noise, health and wellness the street. As the

Being in a which could disrupt in the community. area develops

residential and the surrounding Easy access via further, there could
 49

mixed-use zone, the area. Being near a public transportation also be an increase

site can serve as a public road also also makes it in noise and air

key health facility raises concerns convenient for more pollution, which

for the community, about air quality, as people to engage may affect the

offering essential vehicle emissions with and use the surrounding

primary care may impact the health center’s environment and the

services. Its close environment and the services. Its central experience of

proximity to nearby health of those location within the patients and staff.

homes is important nearby. community can help

because it allows bring people

residents to access together, making the

healthcare without health center a key

traveling far. part of the

Additionally, the neighborhood.

presence of trees

and greenery

provides natural

benefits, such as

reducing noise and

offering shade,

which helps to

lower heat from the

sun.
 50

4.4 Building Placement

The building's facade is ideally positioned to face south, aligning with the main

road, allowing easy access for visitors. This layout also optimizes the placement of

the ambulance and parking areas, ensuring quick road access for efficient entry and

exit, particularly during emergencies.

The building area spans 28.00 meters by 15.00 meters, with the entrance facing the

main road for ease of access and convenient parking placement. Proximity to major

roads enhances public transportation access and increases the visibility of the

barangay health center to the community. This strategic orientation improves the

accessibility of the health facility for pedestrians and vehicles alike, while also

ensuring quick emergency service response times, such as ambulances. The main

entrance's position supports faster, more efficient emergency responses, potentially

saving lives.
 51

Figure 24: Building Placement

 52

CHAPTER 5

TECHNICAL RESEARCH DATA

5.1 Republic Act No. 11223

Also known as the Universal Health Care (UHC) Act, emphasize the State's

commitment to "protect and promote the right to health of all Filipinos" by instilling

health consciousness across the nation. The Rules highlight an "integrated and

comprehensive approach" to ensure that Filipinos are "health literate, provided with

healthy living conditions, and protected from hazards." The UHC model aims to

offer access to "a comprehensive set of quality and cost-effective" health services,

prioritizing those in need without causing financial hardship. It also promotes "a

whole-of-system, whole-of-government, and whole-of-society approach" in the

development and execution of health policies. Additionally, the Rules underscore a

"people-oriented approach" to health services, mindful of the cultural, value-based,

and belief-centered differences of the population.

 53

Figure 25: General Provisions from

https://www.philhealth.gov.ph/about_us/UHC-IRR_Signed.pdf

5.2 Administrative Order No. 20200-0047

Section 27.b of the Universal Health Care (UHC) Act mandates that 'The

DOH shall institute a licensing and regulatory system for stand-alone health

facilities, including those providing ambulatory and primary care services, and

other modes of health service provision.' Currently, the Department of Health,

through the HFSRB and CHD-RLEDs, regulates ambulatory services such as

*'birthing homes, infirmaries, medical facilities for overseas workers and seafarers,

ambulatory surgical clinics, and hemodialysis clinics.

 54

Figure 26: AO No. 2020-0047 from

https://law.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/DOH-Administrative-Order-No

-2020-0047.pdf

5.3 General Requirements

The Planning and Design Guidelines for primary care facilities (PCF), as

outlined in this Administrative Order, apply to all new construction, renovations,

and alterations of such facilities. It requires that PCFs be located in areas

"conveniently accessible both to clients and staff via available means of public

transportation" and maintain separate access, ensuring that the building entrance is

at grade level, "clearly marked," and designed to prevent patients from passing

through unrelated areas, thus minimizing "unrelated traffic within the facility."

Privacy is a key consideration, with the design required to provide "appropriate

 55

levels of patient audible and visual privacy" throughout all stages of care, from

interviews to treatments. Furthermore, parking provisions include a minimum of

"one parking space for every one hundred (100) square meters of gross floor area

(GFA)," alongside a designated spot for an ambulance or patient transport vehicle.

Lastly, the PCF must comply with "all applicable local and national regulations"

concerning construction, renovation, maintenance, and repair of its facilities.

Figure 27: General Requirements from

https://caro.doh.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Planning-and-Design-Guideli

nes-10-26-2021.pdf
 56

5.4 Space Requirements

The Primary Care Facility (PCF) must have adequate space for various

room requirements to ensure effective and efficient operations. The PCF should

include designated zones, such as General Administrative Services and Public

Areas, Clinical Services Area, Ancillary Services Area, and Support Services Area.

The General Administrative and Public Areas will consist of a main lobby with a

reception counter, a waiting area of 1.4 square meters per person, accessible toilets

(one for every eight patients), a separate staff toilet (one for every fifteen

personnel), and individual offices for staff with sufficient space for administrative

functions. The Clinical Services Area should feature physician consultation rooms,

medical examination rooms with a minimum of 7.43 square meters per examination

table, and minor surgical rooms of at least 12 square meters. Ancillary Services

Areas must include a primary clinical laboratory, diagnostic radiology facilities, a

birthing facility, a pharmacy, and a dental clinic with adequate space for equipment

and movement. Lastly, the Support Services Area should provide a waste holding

room, a janitor's closet, and a designated sputum collection area for

government-owned PCFs.
 57

Figure 28: Space Requirements from

https://caro.doh.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Planning-and-Design-Guideli

nes-10-26-2021.pdf

5.5 Functional Requirements

The layout of the Primary Care Facility (PCF) must ensure that different areas are

functionally related. The main entrance should be directly accessible from the

public road and at ground level, featuring ramps compliant with BP 344 (1.2 meters

wide with a maximum slope of 1:12) to accommodate persons with disabilities and

special needs. A multi-level ramp or elevator for clinical and ancillary services is

recommended if located on an upper floor. The reception and information counter

should be strategically positioned to allow visual control of the entrance, enabling

staff to acknowledge incoming clients while facilitating transactions. The waiting

area must be easily accessible from the main entry, adjacent to the reception, and

designed to provide a pleasant environment with adequate spacing and appropriate

furniture.

The office should be located near the lobby and main entrance, while the planning

of the PCF must account for essential medical equipment, furniture, fixtures, and

client-friendly transaction windows. The General Administrative Services and

 58

Public Areas, including the lobby, office, and records storage, should be contiguous

for easy accessibility. Consultation and examination rooms should be adjacent to

the main lobby, while the minor surgical and birthing rooms should be situated

away from main traffic areas, limiting access to authorized personnel and patients

only.

The Ancillary Zone for diagnostic services, including the clinical laboratory and

medical X-ray facility, should be arranged contiguously, with appropriate waiting

areas. Ancillary Services Areas must be organized to minimize non-related traffic,

while Support Service areas should remain accessible to clients and staff but

concealed from view for aesthetic purposes, potentially clustered in a service zone.

Finally, the sputum collection area should be in an open-air environment, away

from the main flow of traffic, equipped with partitions for privacy and a lavatory or

sink for handwashing.

 59

Figure 29: Functional Requirements from

https://caro.doh.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Planning-and-Design-Guideli

nes-10-26-2021.pdf
 60

5.6 Specific Technical Requirements

The Primary Care Facility (PCF) must comply with fire safety regulations as

outlined in Division 11 of Chapter 2 and the applicable provisions of the 2019

Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act (RA) 9514,

known as the Fire Code of the Philippines. This includes the requirement for at least

two exits per floor, positioned to terminate at an open public space outside the

building, with permissible exit types including doors to the outside, stairs,

smoke-proof enclosures, ramps, horizontal exits, and exit passageways.

For patient movement, public corridors should have a minimum width of 1.80

meters (six feet), with wider corridors recommended if waiting areas are included.

Service corridors may be reduced to 1.20 meters in width, and all rooms must be

clearly labeled for ease of navigation. The facility must also be well-lit to ensure

comfort for both patients and staff.

Ventilation provisions should include natural ventilation where possible, but

artificial ventilation is acceptable when necessary. Controlled environments, such as

laboratories and diagnostic facilities, must meet specific Heating, Ventilation, and

Air Conditioning (HVAC) requirements.

 61

In accordance with the Building Code, the minimum floor-to-ceiling height for

artificially ventilated rooms is 2.40 meters, while naturally ventilated rooms should

be at least 2.70 meters high. For rooms housing tall or ceiling-mounted equipment,

sufficient height must be provided.

A reliable water supply must be sourced from an approved public system or

thoroughly treated alternative sources, with water tanks installed if necessary to

maintain efficient operations. Flooring finishes must be easy to clean and

wear-resistant, with non-slip surfaces in high-traffic areas.

Walls and partitions must be structurally sound and comply with fire-resistant

ratings specified by the Fire Code. Wall finishes should be washable and

moisture-resistant near plumbing fixtures. Outlying walls of examination rooms,

surgical rooms, and diagnostic facilities should extend from floor to ceiling to

ensure patient privacy and safety.

Interior walls in clinical areas should be designed with a concave base to prevent

dirt accumulation. Any cubicle curtains and draperies must be non-combustible or

flame-retardant. The main door should have a clear opening of at least 0.90 meters

for easy access, and the recommended door width for patient rooms is at least 860

millimeters. Windows in minor surgical and birthing rooms should be positioned at

 62

least 1.60 meters from the finished floor to provide natural light and ventilation

while ensuring privacy.

 63

Figure 30: Specific Techinical Requirements from

https://caro.doh.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Planning-and-Design-Guideli

nes-10-26-2021.pdf
 64

Appendix A

Letter for the Approval of Survey

 65

Appendix B

Questionnaires

I. These Questions aim to gather basic information about your age, gender, household
size, and income level to better understand the needs of different groups within the
barangay.

1. What is your Age?

O - Under 18

O - 18-25

O - 26-35

O - 35-45

O - 46-55

O - 56-65

O - 66 and above

2. What is your gender?

O - Male

O - Female

O - Prefer not to say

3. What is your monghtly household income?

O - Below P10,000

O - P10,00-P20,000

O - P20,000-P30,000

O - P30,000-P40,000

O - Above P40,000

4. How many people live in your household?

O - 1-2
 66

O - 3-4

O - 5-6

O - More than 6

5. What is your highest level of education?

O - No formal education

O - Elementary school

O - High school

O - College

O - Postgraduate

6. Are you employed

O - Yes, full-time

O - Yes, part-time

O - No, unemployed

O - Self-employed

7. Do you have any children?

O - Yes

O - No

8. If yes, how many children do you have?

O-1

O - 2-3

O - 4-5

O - More than 5

9. Do you or any family members have any long-term medical conditions?

O - Yes

O - No

O - Prefer not to say

 67

10. What is your primary mdoe of transportation?

O - Walking

O - Tricycle

O - Jeepney

O - Private Vehicle

II. These questions focus on gathering data about your experiences with healthcare
access, frequency of visits, satisfaction with services, and awareness of health
education programs in the community.

1. How often have you visited a healthcare facility in the last year?

O - 0 times

O - 1-2 times

O - 3-5 times

O - More than 5 times

2. How far is the nearest healthcare facility from your home?

O - Less than 1 km

O - 1-2 km

O - More than 2 km

3. How satisfied are you with the current healthcare services available in
Barangay Sta. Clara?

O - Very Satisfied

O - Satisfied

O - Neutral

O - Dissatisfied

O - Very Dissatisfied

4. Which of the following health issues have affected you or your family
members in the past year?
 68

O - Respiratory illnesses

O - Infectious diseases (e.g., dengue, typhoid)

O - Maternal or child health issues

O - Non-communicable diseases (e.g., diabetes, hypertension)

5. Have you received any family planning education or services in the past?

O - Yes

O - No

6. If yes, where did you receive these services?

O - Barangay Health Center

O - Private Clinic

O - Hospital

O - Other:

7. How often do you access healthcare services outside the barangay?

O - Never

O - Occasionally (once or twice a year)

O - Frequently (3-5 times a year)

O - Regularly (more than 5 times a year)

8. Are you currently experiencing any issues related to healthcare accessibility

within Barangay Sta. Clara?

O - Yes

O - No

9. What transportation method do you primarily use to access healthcare

services?

O - Walking

O - Tricycle

O - Jeepney

O - Private vehicle
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10. Are you aware of any health education programs offered in Barangay Sta.
Clara?

O - Yes

O - No

11. Do you believe the lack of healthcare facilities has contributed to higher
health risks in your community?

O - Strongly Agree

O - Agree

O - Neutral

O - Disagree

O - Strongly Disagree

12. How likely are you to recommend the use of the wellness center to others
once it is built?

O - Very Likely

O - Likely

O - Neutral

O - Unlikely

O - Very Unlikely

III. These questions seek to explore your personal experiences and thoughts on the
healthcare situation in Barangay Sta. Clara, as well as you opinions on the proposed
wellness center and its impact on the community.

1. What has your experience been with healthcare services in Barangay Sta.
Clara?

2. What are the biggest health issues in your barangay?

3. How do you feel about the health education programs in your community?
 70

4. How would a wellness center help you and your family?

5. What are the biggest problems you face when trying to access healthcare?

6. How would a daycare facility in the wellness center benefit families?

7. How do you think the wellness center will affect your barangay’s
development?

8. What features would you like to see in the wellness center?

9. What services should the wellness center offer first?

10. How could the wellness center improve family planning education?

11. Do you have any concerns about how the wellness center will function?

12. What do you see as the Barangay Health Center’s key strenghts?
 71

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