Practical

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
PARADA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Research 2
12
COMPETENCY MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES WEEK
➢ identify the different data collection procedure used in a research study;
OBJECTIVES ➢ explain the different types of quantitative data collection procedure; and,
➢ write the data collection procedure of the research topic.
3
MODULE 5 PLANNING DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
Data collection refers to the process of gathering information. The data that you will collect should be able to answer the
questions you have posed in your statement of the problem.
There are various methods that you can use in collecting data for a research study. each has its advantageous and
disadvantageous, and as a researcher, you should be able to identify when it is appropriate to employ each of the data collection
procedure. All these techniques are expected to generate numerical calculations. The data are collected, recorded, organized, and
translated to measurement scales and entered a computer database for statistical computation, using appropriate software like
Microsoft Excel, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), SAS, etc.

ELICIT Directions: Complete the missing letter that corresponds to the description provided. Write your answer on the
space provided.

1. It is a method of data gathering that is usually used in situations where the respondents cannot answer the researcher’s question to obtain
information for a research study.

2. In this data gathering procedure, the researcher collects data from a sample of a population to estimate the attributes of characteristics of
the population.

3. It is a data gathering procedure that may be used in quantitative or qualitative research.

4. It is a questionnaire that has gone through the process of psychometric validation.

5. It is a questionnaire developed by the researcher specifically for a study.

ENGAGE AND EXPLORE Directions: Complete the table by placing the appropriate description provided below. Write
the letter that corresponds your answer in your answer sheet.

The sample Data Gathering Technique came from conducted by Bagalay R. B., Constantino, A. M., Lomboy, DJ. S., Riano, G. R.,
Rodica, A. T., et. al. (2007) entitled A Self-Evaluation of Senior PUP Accountancy Students Based in the International Accounting Education
Standards.

Data Gathering Technique

The researchers had spent great time in developing their questionnaire so as to serve its intended respondents. With regards to the
data gathering their fellow colleagues were accommodating as they understand that through the questionnaire, respondents will be aware what
an aspiring professional accountant must acquire to function competently. As the respondents have been the subject of another study, the
respondents willfully answered the questionnaire. At the time, some of the senior PUP accountancy students were unwilling to answer the
questionnaire as they themselves were too busy contemplating their work to meet the required deadline. Other respondents were asked to take
home the questionnaires so they can answer the instrument with full understanding. The task of the distributor of the questionnaire was
hastened as their fellows helped the to distribute the instrument to their respective sections. Some of the questionnaires were not retrieved and
some just left them unanswered.
The result will be tallied and tabulated according to the frequency of items checked by the participants. After data tabulation, results
will be interpreted using various statistical tools. The result of the technique used in the data gathering helped the research team to arrive at the
interpretation of the study.

Q1. How the researchers described their data gathering technique? _______________________________________________________________
Q2. Who are the respondents of the researchers? _____________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What instrument is used to gather data from the respondents? ________________________________________________________________
Q4. What did the researchers do with the data collected? _______________________________________________________________________
Q5. Based on this example, what is the purpose of having the data gathering technique part in a research paper? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(You may use yellow paper in answering.)
 Practical
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
PARADA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Research 2
12
EXPLAIN AND ELABORATE
Types of Quantitative Data Collection Procedure
A. Observation – this method of data gathering technique is usually used in situations where the respondents cannot answer the
researcher’s question to obtain information for a research study. the observation is structured to elicit information that could be coded to
give numerical data. As a researcher, you have to prepare a checklist using an appropriate rating scale that may categorized the
behaviors, attitude that you are observing to answer the questions posed in your study. as you observe, you will record your observation by
using checkmarks or cross marks on your checklist.
B. Survey
Quantitative data can be collected using four main types of survey:
1. Sample survey – the researcher collects data from a sample of a population to estimate the attributes or characteristics of the
population. Example of sample population pertains to customer satisfaction, health care, politics, market research, academic, or
education surveys. At the current time survey concerning feedbacks from the parents and teachers on the implementation of new
normal of education are very timely.
2. Administrative data – this is a survey on the organization’s day-to-day operations. This kind of data is now supported with various
ICT tools and software making it easy for organizations especially government schools, industry, NGO to update their records
efficiently and effectively and put up their own Management Information System.
3. Census – The researcher collects data from the selected population. It is an official count on the survey of a population with details on
demographics, economic, and social data, such as age, sex, marital status, household size, occupation, religion, employment data,
educational qualifications, and housing. The collected data are usually used by the government or private firms for planning purposes
and development strategies.
4. Tracer Studies – This is a Regular survey with a sample of those surveyed with in a specific time or period. In school setting, tracer
studies are used by educational institutions to follow up their graduates. The survey us sent to a random sample after one or two
years after graduation from their courses. Tracer studies gather data on work or employment data, current occupation and
competencies needed in the workplace to determine gaps in curriculum and other related activities between academe and industry.
C. Quantitative Interview
The interview may be used for both quantitative and qualitative research studies. Both research methods involve the participation
of the researcher and the respondents.
In conducting a quantitative interview, the researcher prepares an interview guide or schedule. It contains the list of questions
and answer option that the researcher will read to the respondents. The interview guide may contain closed-ended questions and a few
open-ended questions as well, that are delivered in the same format and same order to every respondent.
This method of collecting data involves gathering of information from a large representative sample, which is quite laborious.
Using a recorder during the interview will lessen not only the time required to record the answers but will also lessen the interview effect on
the respondents. Likewise, t gives the researcher an opportunity to explain or clarify some questions which may be confusing to the
respondent. However, it is time consuming ad expensive than administering questionnaires.
Data from quantitative interview can be analyzed by assigning numerical values to the responses of the participants. The
numeric responses may be entered into a data analysis computer program where you can run various statistical measures.
D. Questionnaire
A questionnaire may be standardized or researcher-made. A standardized questionnaire has gone through the process of psychometric
validation, has been piloted and revised. Sauro (2012) provided the advantages of standardized usability questionnaire:
1. Validity – it has undergone the process of validation procedure. This is, it determined how ell the questionnaire measures
what it is intended to measure.
2. Reliability – the repeatability of the questionnaire has been tested. It refers to how consistent responses are to the
questions.
3. Sensitivity – it is often measured using resampling procedure to see how well the questionnaire can differentiate at a
fraction of the sample.
4. Objectivity – to attain this ensure, practitioners or expert are requested to verify statements of their practitioners in the
same field.
5. Quantification - The standardized questionnaire has undergone statistical analysis.
6. Norms – The standardized questionnaire have normalized reference and databases which allows one to convert raw scores
to percentile ranks.
For researcher-made questionnaire that has been developed by the researcher specifically for a research study. the following should be
discussed:
1. The corrections and suggestion made on the draft to improve the instrument.
2. The different persons involved in the correction and refinement of the research instrument.
3. The pre-testing efforts and subsequent instrument revisions
4. The type of items used in the instrument.
5. The reliability of the data and evidence of validity.
6. The steps involved in scoring, guidelines for interpretation.
The following discussion will guide you in formulating good questions in a questionnaire:
• Avoid leading questions.
• Be specific with what you like to measure. For example, if your want to evaluate a program, be specific with what aspect or
measurement you like to evaluate in the program, quality? Effectiveness?
• Avoid unfamiliar words that the respondents might not be familiar with.
• Multiple choice categories should be mutually exclusive to elicit clear choices.
• Avoid personal questions, which may intrude into the privacy of the respondents like those questions pertaining to income,
family life, beliefs, like religion or political affiliations.
• Make your questions short easy to answer.
 Practical
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
PARADA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Research 2
12
Now that you know the types of quantitative data gathering procedure, what do you think is the best data gathering procedure suited to your present study? write
you answers here.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Directions. Complete the sentence provided in the by writing what you have learned in this worksheet.
I have learned __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EVALUATE AND EXTEND

I. Multiple Choice. Directions. Choose the correct answer by encircling the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of these is needed when gathering data?

a. plagiarism b. consent c. opinion d. agreement
2. Interviews are usually:
a. one on one b. in a big group c. in a small group d. mailed.
3. Observations include:
a. taking notes, writing an essay c. running, recording, writing
b. watching, recording, gathering data d. looking, taking notes, ignoring the notes
4. Open ended questions have:
a. 2 answers b. many answers c. 5 answers d. 10 answers
5. It pertains to a questionnaire that has gone through validation procedure.
a. validity b. reliability c. sensitivity d. objectivity
6. It is a regular survey with a sample of those surveyed within a specific time or period.
a. sample survey b. administrative data c. census d. tracer studies
7. ____________ can also be called protocols or guides, include the questions, prompts, and/or procedures that guide data collection.
a. research survey d. research procedure c. research instrument d. research validation
8. _________ provide deep, rich, individualized, and contextualized data that are centrally important to qualitative research.
a. survey b. interview c. questionnaire d. discussion
9. The _________ is a social interaction with both parties sharing in constructing a story and its meanings; both are participants in the
research study.
a. survey b. interview c. questionnaire d. discussion
10. These are often used to gather information about individuals' attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. It is important to clarify that these are a
design choice rather than a specific method.
a. survey b. interview c. census d. tracer

II. Directions: Explain the importance of writing data gathering procedures in a research project.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________