Scribd
Upload
3 views

SOLA3540_9001Tutorial1aSolutions2010

The document contains solutions to various questions related to applied photovoltaics, covering calculations for solar angles, radiation intensity, and geometric relationships. It includes specific examples for different dates and locations, detailing the mathematical formulas used to derive solar radiation values. Additionally, it references a source for further explanation of solar geometric relationships.

Uploaded by

KISEOK WOO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

SOLA3540_9001Tutorial1aSolutions2010

The document contains solutions to various questions related to applied photovoltaics, covering calculations for solar angles, radiation intensity, and geometric relationships. It includes specific examples for different dates and locations, detailing the mathematical formulas used to derive solar radiation values. Additionally, it references a source for further explanation of solar geometric relationships.

Uploaded by

KISEOK WOO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

SOLA3540 & SOLA9001 Applied Photovoltaics

Tutorial 1a Solutions

Question 1

Page 1 of 11
Question 2

(b)
June 21st, φ = -34°, δ = 23.45°
αF_Nth = 90° + (φ – δ)
= 90° - 34° - 23.45°
= 32.55°
IHZ = 400Wm-2
Iβ = 400sin(32.55 + β)/sin(32.55) Wm-2
= 743sin(32.55 + β) Wm-2

Page 2 of 11
(c) Dec 21st, φ = -17°, δ = -23.45°
αF_Nth = 90° + (φ – δ)
= 90° - 17° + 23.45°
= 96.55° (greater than 90° – sun is behind the panel)
IHZ = 950Wm-2
Iβ = 950sin(96.55 + β)/sin(96.55) Wm-2
= 956sin(96.55 + β) Wm-2

(d) The direct component on the tilted surface is greater than the direct component on the
sin(α + β )
>1
horizontal surface where: sin α
sin(α + β ) > sin α

sin(α+β)>sinα sin(α+β)>sinα

Page 3 of 11
(e)

Page 4 of 11
Question 3

φz

JUNE

Page 5 of 11
JUNE

JUNE

Question 4

Question 5

Page 6 of 11
Question 6
(a-c)

21st DEC

21st JUNE

(d)

Page 7 of 11
(e)

0.15 m (NB: This question can also be solved using the “Law of Sines”)

Question 7
(a) AM = 1/cosΦz =1/cos30° = 2/√3
(b) I = σT4 Wm-2
σ = 5.67 x 10-8 wm-2K4
T = 5800K
I = 5.67 x 10-8 x 58004
= 64.16 x 106 Wm-2
(c) r = 7 x 108 m
S = 4πr2 m2 (surface area of a sphere)
P = 64.16 x 106 x 4 x π x (7 x 108)2 W
= 3.95 x 1026 W
(d) At the earth’s surface, 152 million km (1.52 x 1011 m) from the sun, the total power of radiation
from the sun is distributed over a sphere of surface area SES = 4πr2 m2

Page 8 of 11
The intensity (Wm-2) arriving outside the earth’s atmosphere is therefore:
P 3.95 ×10 26
I atm = = =1360 Wm −2
SES 4 π (1.52 ×10 )
11 2

Question 8

(a) φ = -20°
d = (31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 4) = 124
(i) hour angle, ω = (hour – 12) x 15° = (9-12) x 15 = -45°
(ii) calculate declination
⎡ (d − 81)360 ⎤
δ = ξ sin⎢ ⎥⎦
⎣ 365
= 23.45sin((124 − 81) × 360 / 365)
=15.8°
sinαs = cos(15.8)cos(-20)cos(-45) + sin(15.8)sin(-20)
= 0.546
altitude αs = 33.1°
(iii) azimuth
sin δ cos φ − cos δ sin φ cos ω
cos γ s =
cos α s
sin(15.8) cos(−20) − cos(15.8) sin(−20) cos(−45)
=
cos(33.1)
= 0.58
γs = 54.3°
(b)

N
γs

W E

234.3°
shadow E of N
S
length = 1.53 m

Time : 9 am
altitude, αs = 33.1°
azimuth, γs = 54.3° (East of North)
shadow angle = 234.3° (E of N)

Page 9 of 11
(c)
(i) hour angle ω = 0°
(ii) declination δ = 15.8°
latitude φ = -20°
altitude αF_Nth = 90° + (φ – δ)
= 90° - 20° - 15.8°
= 54.2°
(iii) azimuth
sin δ cos φ − cos δ sin φ cos ω
cos γ s =
cos α s
sin(15.8) cos(−20) − cos(15.8) sin(−20) cos(0)
=
cos(54.2)
=1
γ s = 0 (North)

(d)
(i) Air-mass AM = 1/cosφz
φ = 90° – αs
= 90° - 54.2°
= 35.8°
AM = 1/cos(35.8°) = 1.23
(ii) Intensity of direct beam radiation normal to sun’s rays:
0.678
I direct =1.3661× 0.7(1.23 )

= 0.906kWm −2
(iii) Intensity of the direct beam radiation on an array tilted at 40 degrees to the horizontal,
facing due North:

Page 10 of 11
γ =180° − 54.2° − 40° = 85.8°
Iβ
sin γ =
I direct
I β = sin γI direct
= sin(85.8°) x0.906
= 0.903kWm −2

Question 9
For full explanation, see “Derivation of the solar geometric relationships using vector analysis”
Renewable Energy, Volume 32, Issue 7, June 2007, Pages 1187-1205, Alistair B. Sproul.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V4S-4KBDWF5-
3&_user=37161&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000004218&_version=
1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=37161&md5=6adcc782676b1e5bf04617f8df9f4142

Page 11 of 11

You might also like