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Executive Functions (Glissé (E) S)

The article discusses executive functions (EFs), which are essential for cognitive processes such as self-regulation, creativity, and problem-solving. It covers the core components of EFs, their developmental progression, and the impact of social and physical health on cognitive abilities. Additionally, it highlights the trainability of EFs and various methods for improvement.

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10 views1 page

Executive Functions (Glissé (E) S)

The article discusses executive functions (EFs), which are essential for cognitive processes such as self-regulation, creativity, and problem-solving. It covers the core components of EFs, their developmental progression, and the impact of social and physical health on cognitive abilities. Additionally, it highlights the trainability of EFs and various methods for improvement.

Uploaded by

alinetran.jj
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PS64CH06-Diamond ARI 12 November 2012 8:45

ANNUAL
REVIEWS Further Executive Functions
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Annual Reviews content online,
including:
Adele Diamond
Other articles in this volume Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia and BC Children’s Hospital,
Top cited articles Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1 Canada; email: [email protected]
Top downloaded articles

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2013. 64:135–68 Keywords


First published online as a Review in Advance on cognitive control, self-regulation, creativity, attention, reasoning,
September 27, 2012
working memory, fluid intelligence, inhibitory control, task switching,
The Annual Review of Psychology is online at mental flexibility
psych.annualreviews.org

This article’s doi: Abstract


10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
Executive functions (EFs) make possible mentally playing with ideas;
Copyright ⃝ c 2013 by Annual Reviews. taking the time to think before acting; meeting novel, unanticipated
All rights reserved
challenges; resisting temptations; and staying focused. Core EFs are
inhibition [response inhibition (self-control—resisting temptations
and resisting acting impulsively) and interference control (selective
attention and cognitive inhibition)], working memory, and cognitive
flexibility (including creatively thinking “outside the box,” seeing
anything from different perspectives, and quickly and flexibly adapting
to changed circumstances). The developmental progression and repre-
sentative measures of each are discussed. Controversies are addressed
(e.g., the relation between EFs and fluid intelligence, self-regulation,
executive attention, and effortful control, and the relation between
working memory and inhibition and attention). The importance of
social, emotional, and physical health for cognitive health is discussed
because stress, lack of sleep, loneliness, or lack of exercise each impair
EFs. That EFs are trainable and can be improved with practice is
addressed, including diverse methods tried thus far.

135

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