Success Institute of Mathematics and Science, Nanganallur, Chennai

Class: XII Sub: Physics

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Ray Optics Worksheet

1. A concave mirror is held in water. What should be the change in the focal length of the mirror?

2. What is the cause of reflection of light?

3. For the same angle of incidence, the angles of reflection in three different media A, B and C are 15 o,
25o and 35o respectively. In which medium will the velocity of light be minimum?

4. Do the frequency and wavelength change when light passes from a rarer to denser medium?

5. Does critical angle depend on colour of light? Explain.

6. Why does a diamond sparkle?

7. A concave lens of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in a medium of refractive index 1.65. What is the
nature of the lens?

8. Under what condition does a biconvex lens of glass having a certain refractive index act as a plane
glass sheet when immersed in a liquid?

9. What is the focal length and power of a rectangular glass slab?

10. What happens to a focal length of a convex lens, when it is immersed in water?

11. A lens of glass is immersed in water. What will be its effect on the power of the lens?

12. An equiconvex lens of focal length ‘f’ is cut into two identical planoconvex lenses. How will the focal
length and power of each part be related to the focal length and power of the original lens?

13. Using lens marker’s formula, show how the focal length of a given lens depends upon the colour of
light incident on it?

14. How does the focal length of a convex lens change if monochromatic red light is used instead of violet
light?

15. How does the refractive index of a transparent medium depend on the wavelength of incident light
used?

16. Out of blue and red light which is deviated more by a prism? Give reason.

Or
 Rays of red and blue light are incident on a given prism. Explain, which will have the larger value of
δm, the angle of minimum deviation?

17. An object is first seen in red light and then in violet light through a simple microscope. In which case
is the magnifying power of simple microscope greater?

18. Does the magnifying power of a microscope depend on the colour of the light used? Justify your
answer.

19. Why must both the objective and the eye piece of a compound microscope have short focal lengths?

20. Why should the objective of a telescope have large focal length and large aperture? Justify your
answer.

21. What should the objective of a microscope be a small aperture?

22. A ray PQ is incident normally on the face AB of a triangular prism of reflecting angle of 60o made of
a transparent material of refractive index 2/√3, as shown in Figure. Trace the path of the ray as it passes
through the prism. Also calculate the angle of emergence and angle of deviation.

23. What changes in the focal length of a (i) concave mirror and (ii) convex lens occur, when the incident
violet light on them is replaced with red light?

24. Explain with reason, how the power of a diverging lens changes when (i) it is kept in a medium of
refractive index greater than that of the lens. (ii) Incident red light is replaced by violet light.

25. A convex lens made of material of refractive index ‘n2’ is held in a reference medium of refractive
index ‘n1’. Trace the path of a parallel beam of light passing through the lens when (i) n1 = n2, (ii) n1
< n2 and (iii) n1 > n2.

26. A concave lens made of material of refractive index ‘n2’ is held in a reference medium of refractive
index ‘n1’. Trace the path of a parallel beam of light passing through the lens when (i) n1 = n2, (ii) n1
< n2 and (iii) n1 > n2.

27. How will the magnifying power of a refracting type astronomical telescope be affected on increasing
for its eyepiece (i) the focal length and (ii) the aperture? Justify your answer.

28. Two convex lenses A and B of an astronomical telescope having focal lengths 5 cm and 20 cm
respectively, are arranged as shown in figure.
 (i) Which one of the two lenses you will select to use as the objective lens and why?

(ii) What should be the change in the distance between the lenses to have the telescope in its normal
adjustment position?

(iii) Calculate the magnifying power of the telescope in the normal adjustment position.

29. Which two of the following lenses L1, L2 and L3 will you select as objective and eyepiece for
constructing best possible (i) telescope (ii) microscope?

Give reason to support your answer.

Lenses Power (P) Aperture (A)

L1 3D 8 cm
L2 6D 1 cm
L3 10 D 1 cm

30. Four double convex lenses, with the following specifications are available:

Lens Focal length Aperture

A 100 cm 10 cm
B 100 cm 5 cm
C 10 cm 2 cm
D 5 cm 2 cm

Which two of the given four lenses, should be selected as the objective and eyepiece to construct an
astronomical telescope and why? What will be the magnifying power and normal length of the
telescope tube so constructed?

Write the advantages of reflecting type telescope over such a telescope.

31. An optical instrument uses eye-lens of power 12.5 D and object lens of power 50 D and has a tube
length of 20 cm. Name the optical instrument and calculate its magnifying power, if it forms the final
image at infinity.

32. Explain the basic differences between the construction and working of a telescope and a microscope.

33. Can a microscope function as a telescope by inverting it? Can a telescope function as a microscope?

34. Three rays of light – red (R), green (G) and blue (B) – are incident on the face AB of right-angled
prism ABC. The refractive indices of the material of the prism for red, green and blue wavelengths are
1.39, 1.44 and 1.47 respectively. Out of the three which colour ray will emerge out of face AC? Justify
your answer. Trace the path of these rays after passing through face AB.
 How will the situation change if these rays were incident normally on one of the faces an equilateral
prism?

35. A small illuminated bulb is at the bottom of a tank containing a liquid of refractive index μ up to a
height h. Find the expression for the diameter of an opaque disc, floating symmetrically on the liquid
surface in order to cut-off the light from the bulb.

36. Three lenses L1, L2, L3 each of focal length 30 cm are placed co-axially as shown in the figure. An
object is held at 60 cm from the optic centre of lens L1. The final real image is formed at the focus I of
L3. Calculate the separation between (i) L1, and L2 and (ii) L2 and L3.

37. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed coaxially with a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20
cm. the two are kept 15 cm apart. A point object is placed 40 cm in front of the convex lens. Find the
position of the image formed by this combination. Draw the ray diagram showing the image formation.

38. A beam of light converges to a point P. A lens is placed in the path of the convergent beam 12 cm from
P. At what point does the beam converge if the lens is (a) a convex lens of focal length 20 cm, (b) a
concave lens of focal length 16 cm?

39. Double-convex lenses are to be manufactured from a glass of refractive index 1.55, with both faces of
the same radius of curvature. What is the radius of curvature required if the focal length of the lens is
to be 20 cm?

40. The refractive index of glass is 1.5 and that of water is 1.3. If the speed of light in water is 2.25 x 10 8
m/s, what is the speed of light in glass?

41. The velocity of light in glass is 2 x 108 m/s and that in air is 3 x 108 m/s. By how would an ink dot
appear to be raised, when covered by a glass plate 6 cm thick?

42. A transparent cube of side 210 mm contains a small air bubble. Its apparent distance, when viewed
through one face of the cube is 100 mm and when viewed through the opposite face is 40 mm. What
 is the actual distance of the bubble from the second face and what is the refractive index of the material
of the cube?

43. In the following ray diagram, calculate the speed of light in the liquid of unknown refractive index.

44. Calculate the critical angle for glass-air surface, if a ray of light which is incident in air on the glass
surface is derived through 15o, when angle of incidence is 45o.

45. The refractive index of water id 4/3. Obtain the value of the semi-vertical angle of the cone within
which the entire outside view would be confined for a fish under water. Draw an appropriate ray
diagram.

46. The diameter of a glass sphere is 15 cm. A beam of light strikes the sphere, which converges at point
30 cm behind the pole of the spherical surface. Find the position of the image if μ = 1.5.

47. A mark placed on the surface of a glass sphere is viewed through glass from an oppositely directed
position. If the diameter of the sphere is 20 cm; find the position of the image. Refractive index of
glass is 1.5.

48. A sunshine recorder globe of 30 cm diameter is made of glass of refractive index μ = 1.5. A ray enters
the globe parallel to the axis. Find the position from the centre of the sphere where the ray crosses the
axis.

49. A converging lens has a focal length of 20 cm in air. It is made of a material of refractive index 1.6. If
it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3, what will be its new focal length?

50. The radius of curvature of each surface of a convex lens is 20 cm and the refractive index of the
material of the lens is 3/2. (i) Calculate its focal length. (ii) If this is cut along the plane AB, what will
be the focal length of the each of the two halves so formed? (iii) What happens if the lens is cut along
CD?

51. From the ray diagram shown below, calculate the focal length of the concave lens.

52. Two lenses of powers + 15 D and – 5 D are in contact with each other forming a combination lens.
 (a) What is the focal length of this combination?

(b) An object of size 3 cm is placed at 30 cm from this combination of lenses. Calculate the position
and size of the image formed.

53. Find the position of the image formed by the lens combination given in below figure.

54. A ray of light passes through an equilateral glass prism, such that the angle of incidence is equal to the
angle of emergence. If the angle of emergence is ¾ times the angle of the prism, calculate (i) the angle
of deviation and (ii) the refractive index of the glass prism.

55. A ray of light incident on a face of an equilateral prism shows minimum deviation of 30o. Calculate
the speed of light through the prism.

56. Calculate the value of the angle of incidence when a ray of light incident on one face of an equilateral
glass prism produces the emergent ray, which just grazes along the adjacent face. Refractive index of
the prism is √2.

57. One face of a prism of refracting angle 30o and refractive index 1.414 is silvered. At what angle must
a ray of light fall on the unsilvered face so that after refraction into the prism and reflection at the
silvered surface it retraces its path?

58. A thin prism of refracting angle 2o deviates an incident ray through an angle of 1o. Find the value of
refractive index of the material of the prism.

59. As shown in below figure, PQ is the incident on a prism ABC. Show the corresponding refracted and
emergent rays. The critical angle for the material of the prism is 45o. Also find the refractive index of
the material of the prism.

60. A simple microscope is a combination of two lenses in contact of powers + 15 D and + 5 D. Calculate
the magnifying power of the microscope, if the final image is formed at 25 cm from the eye.
61. A converging lens of focal length 6.25 cm is used as a magnifying glass. If the observer is 25 cm from
the eye and the lens is held close to the eye, calculate (i) the distance of the object from the lens and
(ii) the angular magnification.

Find the angular magnification, when the final image is formed at infinity.

62. The focal lengths of the objective and eyepiece of a microscope are 1.25 cm and 5 cm respectively.
Find the position of the object relative to the objective in order to obtain an angular magnification of
30 in normal adjustment.

63. The sum of focal lengths of the two lenses of a refracting telescope is 105 cm. The focal length of one
lens is 20 times that of the other. Determine the total magnification of the telescope when the final
image is formed at infinity.

64. An astronomical telescope has an angular magnification of magnitude 5 for distant objects. The
separation between the objective and an eye piece is 36 cm and the final image is formed at infinity.
Calculate the focal length of the eyepiece.

65. A giant refracting telescope at an observatory has an objective lens of focal length 15 m. If an eyepiece
of focal length 1 cm is used, what is angular magnification of the telescope?

66. If this telescope is used to view the moon, what is the diameter of the image of the moon formed by
the objective lens? The diameter of the moon 3.48 x 106 m, and the radius of lunar orbit is 3.8 x 108
m.

67. A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 2 cm and an eyepiece of focal
length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm. How far from the objective should an object be placed
in order to obtain the final image at (i) the least distance of distinct vision (25 cm), (ii) infinity? What
is the magnifying power of the microscope in each case?

68. An angular magnification (magnifying power) of 30 X is desired using an objective of focal length
1.25 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5 cm. How will you set up the compound microscope (for the
final image formed at the least distance of distinct vision)?

69. Figure shows an equiconvex lens (of refractive index 1.50) in contact with a liquid layer on top of a
plane mirror. A small needle with its tip on the principal axis is moved along the axis until its inverted
image is found at the position of the needle. The distance of the needle from the lens is measured to be
45 cm. The liquid is removed and the experiment is repeated. The new distance is measured to be 30
cm. what is the refractive index of the liquid?