Basic Concepts List

for All Available Subjects

Last updated October 2024

Disclaimer:
Some clients have specific expectations and approaches they may be expecting tutors to
use in sessions. ALWAYS check to see if a session has a Custom Resource Page for
information regarding session expectations, approach, and/or resources. Additional
information is located in the Tutor Resource Center (TRC).

Math

Primary (K-2) Math Geometry Multivariable Calculus Quantitative Reasoning

Elementary (3-6) Math Trigonometry Finite Math Quantitative Methods
Mid-level (7-8) Math Pre-Calculus Discrete Math Linear Algebra
Algebra Calculus Statistics Differential Equations
Algebra II Calculus BC Intermediate Statistics

Science & Engineering

Primary (K-2) Science Chemistry Electrical Engineering

Elementary (3-6) Science Physics – Algebra Based Environmental Science
Midlevel (7-8) Science Physics – Calculus Based Astronomy
Earth Science Microbiology Mechanical Engineering
Biology Organic Chemistry

Health & Medical

Anatomy & Physiology Health Administration Medical Coding

Basic Nursing Advanced Nursing Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing
Nutrition & Dietetics
/
English/Humanities

Secondary Essay Writing Primary (K-2) Reading College English Art History & Appreciation
College Essay Writing Elementary (3-6) ELA ELL
Doctoral Writing Mid-level (7-8) ELA Primary ELL
Literature Secondary (9-12) English Symbolic Logic

Social Sciences

Intro Criminal Justice Intro Ethics Intro Philosophy Intro Psychology

Research Methods Intro Sociology Cultural Anthropology Political Science

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Business

Intro Accounting Intro Finance Business Law

Intermediate Accounting Intro Economics Business & Consumer Math
Cost Accounting Intermediate Microeconomics Principles of Management
Tax Accounting Intermediate Macroeconomics Auditing
Managerial Accounting Marketing

Technology

Adobe Illustrator Adobe InDesign Adobe Photoshop

MS Access MS Excel MS Word
Windows Windows Server Computer Fundamentals
MS PowerPoint Cisco System Administration Cloud Technologies
Computer Networking

Computer Science

Principles of CS C C++ C#
Java Python Database Systems Web Design
Web Development Cybersecurity

Foreign Languages

Arabic French German Italian

Mandarin Spanish Vietnamese

Teacher Education

Elem Math Methods Elem Reading Methods General Education Early Childhood Ed

Communication

Business/Org Interpersonal/Group Intercultural/Global Journalism

Mass Comm Public Speaking

Social Studies

Social Studies K-8 Geography US History World History

Other

Student Success & Parent Coaching Resume and Career Help

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Primary (K-2) Math (Back to Top)

Counting & Cardinality

• Compare numbers
• Count to tell the number of objects
• Know number names and the count sequence

Operations & Algebraic Thinking

• Add and subtract within 20
• Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction
• Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and
taking from
• Understand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction
• Work with addition and subtraction equations
• Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations for multiplication

Number & Operations in Base Ten

• Extend the counting sequence
• Understand place value
• Use place value understanding and properties of operations to add and subtract
• Work with numbers 11-19 to gain foundations for place value

Measurement & Data

• Classify objects and count the number of objects in each category
• Describe and compare measurable attributes
• Measure and estimate lengths in standard units
• Measure lengths indirectly and by iterating length units
• Relate addition and subtraction to length
• Represent and interpret data
• Tell and write time
• Work with time and money

Geometry
• Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes
• Identify and describe shapes
• Reason with shapes and their attributes

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Elementary (3-6) Math (Back to Top)

Operations & Algebraic Thinking Money & Time

• Counting • Count Bills & Coins
• Patterns and Relationships • Tell Time: Analog & Digital
• Addition and Subtraction
• Multiplication and Division
• Factors and Multiples
• Place Value
• Exponents
• Ratios
• Number Theory: Primes, Divisibility, Factors, &
Multiples

Expressions & Equations

• Expressions
• Equations
• Inequalities
• Dependent & Independent Variables

Number & Operations- Fractions & Decimals

• Fractions
• Decimals
• Decimal & Fraction Equivalents
• Decimal Place Value
• Decimal Compare & Ordering
• Fraction Equivalence & Ordering

Measurement & Data

• Perimeter and Area
• Volume
• Angles & Angle Measure
• Graphing Data Points
• Measurements & Conversions

Geometry
• Two-dimensional Figures
• Three-dimensional Figures
• Lines
• Angle & Shape Properties
• Area, Surface Area, & Volume

Statistics
• Variability
• Distributions

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Mid-Level (7-8) Math (Back to Top)

Ratios and Proportional Relationships Statistics & Probability

• Ratios • Comparisons & Inferences
• Proportions • Statistical Variability
• Rates • Sample Space, Combinations, &
Permutations
The Number System • Theoretical & Experimental Probability
• Fractions: multiply, divide, add, & • Random Sampling
subtract • Bivariate Data
• Rational & Irrational Numbers
• Radicals & Integer Exponents Functions
• Number Properties • Functions: Define, Evaluate, &
• Order of Operations Compare
• Percents • Functions to model relationships
• Absolute Value
• Estimation & Rounding Data and Graphs
• Exponents & Roots • Experiments & Data Collection
• Arithmetic & Geometric Sequences • Central Tendency & Variation
• Infer, Predict, Evaluate, & Compare
Expressions & Equations Data
• Linear Equations • Represent, Read, & Interpret Data
• Variables & Substitution
• Systems of Equations Measurements
• Formulas • Estimate and Measure
• Equivalent Expressions • Measurement Systems
• Equations and Expressions with • Measurement Tools
radicals and integers • Rates, Indirect Measurements, &
Proportions
Geometry
• Angle Measure
• Two & Three-Dimensional Figures
• Area & Surface Area
• Coordinate Plane
• Volume
• Congruence, Similarity, & Symmetry
• Transformations
• Pythagorean Theorem

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 Algebra (Back to Top)

Numbers Polynomials
• Basic Set Theory • Add and Subtract Polynomials
• Number Properties • Multiplying Polynomials (FOIL)
• Operations with Rational Number • Factoring Polynomials
• Exponents and Roots • Operations with Rational Expressions
• Ratios, Proportions, Percents, Rates • Equations with Rational Expressions
• Operations with Irrational Numbers
Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
Algebraic Expressions • Writing and Graphing Quadratic Equations
• Translating words into Expressions and Inequalities
• Simplify Expressions • Finding Roots of Quadratic Equations:
• Evaluate Expressions Graphing
• Finding Roots of Quadratic Equations:
Functions and Sequences Factoring
• Identifying Patterns or Functions • Finding Roots of Quadratic Equations:
• Composition and Operations with Quadratic Formula
Functions • Special Quadratic Equations and Completing
• Inverse of a Function the Square
• Domain and Range • Systems of Quadratic Equations and
• Parent Functions and Transformations Inequalities
• Piecewise Functions
• Arithmetic Sequences Radical, Exponential, and Logarithmic Equations
• Geometric Sequences • Simplifying Radical Expressions
• Operations with Radical Expressions
Linear Equations/ Inequalities • Solving and Graphing Radical Equations
• Slope, Intercept, Points of a Line • Simplifying Exponential and Logarithmic
• Solving Linear Equations Expressions
• Solving Linear Inequalities • Solving and Graphing Exponential and
• Writing and Graphing Linear Equations Logarithmic Equations
• Writing and Graphing Linear • Applications of Exponential and Logarithmic
Inequalities Equations
• Systems of Linear Equations and
Inequalities Probability and Statistics
• Applications of Equations and • Data Displays : Stem and Leaf, Box and
Inequalities Whiskers, Venn Diagram, Dot Plots, etc.
• Absolute Value Equations and • Data Analysis: Range, Mean, Median, Mode
Inequalities • Basic Probability using Sample Space
• Graphing Solutions on a Number Line • Independent and Dependent Events
• Solving Absolute Value Equations and
Inequalities

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Algebra II (Back to Top)

Numbers Writing and Graphing Quadratic Equations and

• Basic Set Theory Inequalities
• Number Properties • Finding Roots of Quadratic Equations: Graphing
• Operations with Rational Number • Finding Roots of Quadratic Equations: Factoring
• Exponents and Roots • Finding Roots of Quadratic Equations: Quadratic
• Ratios, Proportions, Percents, Rates Formula
• Operations with Irrational Numbers • Special Quadratic Equations and Completing the
• Simplifying Radicals using i Square
• Operations with Complex Numbers • Systems of Quadratic Equations and Inequalities
• The Complex Plane Radical, Exponential, and Logarithmic Equations
Algebraic Expressions • Simplifying Radical Expressions
• Translating words into Expressions • Operations with Radical Expressions
• Simplify Expressions • Solving and Graphing Radical Equations
• Evaluate Expressions • Simplifying Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions and Sequences Expressions
• Identifying Patterns or Functions • Solving and Graphing Exponential and
• Composition and Operations with Functions Logarithmic Equations
• Inverse of a Function • Applications of Exponential and Logarithmic
• Domain and Range Equations
• Parent Functions and Transformations Probability and Statistics
• Piecewise Functions • Data Displays : Stem and Leaf, Box and Whiskers,
• Arithmetic Sequences Venn Diagram, Dot Plots, etc.
• Geometric Sequences • Data Analysis: Range, Mean, Median, Mode
• Continuity • Basic Probability using Sample Space
Linear Equations/ Inequalities • Independent and Dependent Events
• Slope, Intercept, Points of a Line • Combinations and Permutations
• Solving Linear Equations • Variance and Standard Deviation
• Solving Linear Inequalities • Properties of Normal Distribution
• Writing and Graphing Linear Equations Vectors
• Writing and Graphing Linear Inequalities • Adding and Subtracting Vectors
• Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities • Scalar Product
• Applications of Equations and Inequalities • Dot Product
Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities • Cross Product
• Graphing Solutions on a Number Line Matrices
• Solving Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities • Writing Matrices
Polynomials • Operations with Matrices
• Add and Subtract Polynomials • Determinant of a Matrix
• Multiplying Polynomials (FOIL) • Inverse of a Matrix
• Factoring Polynomials • Gauss-Jordan Elimination
• Operations with Rational Expressions Conic Sections
• Quadratic Equations and Inequalities • Parabolas: Equations and Graphs
• Vertical Asymptotes and Holes of Rational Equations • Circles: Equations and Graphs
• Horizontal and Slant Asymptotes of Rational • Ellipses: Equations and Graphs
Equations • Hyperbolas: Equations and Graphs
• Polynomial Division
• Rational roots of Polynomial Equations
• End Behavior of Polynomial Equations

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Geometry (Back to Top)

Measurement
• Formulas and Measurement
• Indirect Measurements, Ratios, and Rates
• Units, Unit Conversions, and Error

Points, Lines, Angles, Planes

• Angle Relationships and Problems
• Coordinate Geometry - Slope, Distance, Midpoint
• Geometric Constructions

Proofs and Logic

• Conditional Statements
• Conjectures, Axioms, Theorems, Proofs
• Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Two- and Three- Dimensional Shapes

• Congruency
• Relationship Between Plane and Solid Figures
• Right Triangles, Including Pythagorean Theorem
• Similarity
• Symmetry and Transformations
• Theorems and Problems with Circles
• Theorems and Problems with Polygons
• Theorems and Problems with Quadrilaterals
• Theorems and Problems with Triangles
• Three-Dimensional Figures
• Trigonometric Ratios in Right Triangles

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Trigonometry (Back to Top)

Complex Numbers Graphing Trigonometric Functions

• Polar Coordinates, DeMoivre’s Theorem • Introduction to Graphing Trigonometric
• Trigonometric Form Functions
• z Complex Number • Graphing Trigonometric and Inverse
Functions
Introduction to Trigonometry: • Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Linear Relationships and Functions • Transformations of Trigonometric
• Introduction to Trigonometry Functions
• Introduction to Trigonometry: Linear • Real-world Applications of Trigonometric
Relationships and Functions Functions
• Relations, Functions, and Graphs • Vectors
• Defining and Finding Trigonometric • Graphing Trigonometric Functions Unit
Functions Review
• Slope, Linear Relations, Scatter Plots, and
Piecewise Functions Trigonometric Laws and Identities
• Introduction to Trigonometry: Linear • Trigonometric Laws and Identities
Relationships and Functions Unit Review • Law of Sines and Law of Cosines
• Trigonometric Identities and Equations
Trigonometric Ratios • Area of Triangles
• Trigonometric Ratios • Angular and Linear Velocities
• Angles and Angle Measures • Trigonometric Laws and Identities Unit
• Measuring angles using radian and degree Review
measures • Modeling Periodic Phenomenon
• Right Triangles and Trigonometric Ratios
• The Unit Circle Vectors
• Trigonometric Ratios Unit Review • Graphing and Operations with Vectors
• Solving problems with Vectors

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Pre-Calculus (Back to Top)

Functions
• Know and use a definition of a function
• Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities
• Perform algebraic operations on functions and apply transformations
• Write an expression for the composition of one given function with another and find the domain, range,
and graph of the composite function
• Determine whether a function has an inverse and express the inverse, if it exist
• Know and interpret the function notation for inverses
• Identify and describe the discontinuities of a function and how these relate to the graph
• Understand the concept of limit of a function as x approaches a number or infinity
• Analyze a graph as it approaches an asymptote
• Computer limits of simple functions
• Explain how rates of change of functions in different families differ

Exponents and Logarithms

• Use the inverse relationship between exponential and logarithmic functions to solve equations and
problems
• Graph logarithmic functions
• Graph translations and reflections of functions
• Compare the large-scale behavior of exponential and logarithmic functions with different bases and
recognize that different growth rates are visible in the graphs of the functions
• Solve exponential and logarithmic equations
• Find an exponential or logarithmic function to model a given set of data or situation
• Solve problems involving exponential growth and decay

Quadratic Functions
• Solve quadratic type equations by substitution
• Apply quadratic functions and their graphs in the context of motion under gravity and simple optimization
problems
• Find a quadratic function to model a given set of data or situation

Polynomials
• Given a polynomial function, find the intervals on which the function’s values are positive and those where
it is negative
• Solve polynomial equations and inequalities of degree of three or higher
• Graph polynomial functions given in factored form using zeros and their multiplicities, testing the sign on
intervals and analyzing the function’s large scale behavior
• Theorems: The Remainder Theorem, The Factor Theorem, The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

Rational Functions and Difference Quotients

• Solve equations and inequalities involving rational functions
• Graph rational functions; identify asymptotes, analyzing their behavior for large x values and testing
intervals
• Given vertical and horizontal asymptotes, find an expression for a rational function
• Know and apply the definition and geometric interpretation of difference quotient
• Simplify difference quotients
• Interpret difference quotients as rates of change and slopes of secants lines

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Trigonometric Functions
• Define and graph and use all trigonometric functions of any angle
• Convert between radian and degree measure
• Calculate arc lengths in given circles
• Graph transformations of the sine and cosine functions
• Explain the relationship between constants in the formula and transformed graph
• Know basic properties of the inverse trigonometric functions, including their domains and ranges.
Recognize their graphs
• Know the basic trigonometric identities for sine, cosine, and tangent
• Pythagorean identities
• Sum and difference formulas
• Co-functions relationships
• Double-angle and half angle formulas
• Solve trigonometric equations using basic identities and inverse trigonometric functions
• Prove and derive trigonometric identities
• Find a sinusoidal function to model a given set of data or situation

Vectors, Matrices and Systems of Equations

• Perform operations on vectors in the plan
• Solve applied problems using vectors
• Know and apply the algebraic and geometric definitions of the dot product of vectors
• Know the definitions of matrix addition and multiplication
• Add, subtract and multiply matrices
• Multiply a vector by a matrix
• Represent rotations of the plane as matrices and apply to find the equations of rotated conics
• Define the inverse of a matrix and computer the inverse of two-by-two and three-by-three matrices
• Computer determinants of two-by-two and three-by-three matrices
• Write systems of two and three linear equations in matrix form
• Solve systems using Gaussian elimination or inverse matrices
• Represent and solve inequalities in two variables
• Linear programming

Sequence, Series and Mathematical Induction

• Know, explain and use sigma and factorial notation
• Write an expression for the nth term
• Write a particular term of a sequence when given the nth term
• Understand, explain and use the formulas for the sums of finite arithmetic and geometric sequences
• Compute the sums of infinite geometric series
• Understand and apply the convergence criterion for geometric series
• The principle of mathematical induction
• Pascal’s triangle
• Binomial theorem

Polar Coordinates, Parameterizations, and Conic Sections

• Convert between polar and rectangular coordinates
• Graph functions given in polar coordinates
• Write complex numbers in polar form
• De Moivre’s theorem
• Evaluate parametric equations for given values of the parameter
• Convert between parametric and rectangular forms of equations
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 • Graph curves described by parametric equations
• Use parametric equations in applied contexts to model situations
• Identify parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas from equations
• Write the equation in standard form and graph parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas
• Derive the equation for a conic section from given geometric information
• Identify key characteristics of a conic section from its equation or graph
• Identify conic sections whose equations are in polar or parametric form

Modeling Mathematics
• Construct a tangent from a point outside a given circle to a circle
• Cavalieri’s principle
• Identify the shapes of two-dimensional cross sections of three-dimensional objects
• Identify three dimensional objects generated by rotations of two-dimensional objects

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Calculus (Back to Top)

Limits of functions (including one-sided limits) • Optimization Problems

• Calculate limits using algebra • Related Rates Problems
• Estimating limits from graphs or tables • Implicit differentiation
• Limits proofs for linear functions • Antiderivatives and initial value problems
• Vertical asymptotes and infinite limits • Particle motion (position, velocity, acceleration)
• Horizontal asymptotes and limits to infinity • Slope fields and solution curves for differential
• L’Hospital’s Rule equations

Continuity Integrals
• Understanding continuity in terms of limits • Riemann sums
• Types of discontinuity (infinite, jump, removable) • Basic properties of definite integrals
• Determining continuity from a graph or rule for • Integration tables
a function • Applications of integrals (including areas, arc
• Intermediate Value Theorem length, volumes for solids of revolution)
• Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Parts I and II
Derivatives • Definite and indefinite integrals of basic
• The Limit Definition of a Derivative functions
• Compute derivatives of functions: power, • Techniques of Integration (Substitution, Parts,
exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, inverse Partial Fractions, Trigonometric Substitution)
trig • Improper Integrals
• Apply Product Rule, Quotient Rule, Chain Rule, • Numerical Approximation of Integrals
etc. • Separable differential equations
• Understand the first and second derivative
graphically Parametric and Polar Curves
• Approximate derivative from graph or tables • Graphs, derivatives, areas, arc length
• Interpretation of the derivative as a rate of
change (limit of an average rate of change) Series and Sequences
• Relationship between differentiability and • Sequence convergence
continuity • Partial Sums and the definition of series
• Tangent line to curve convergence
• Linear approximation and differentials • Geometric Series and their sums
• Relationship between increasing and decreasing • Tests for series convergence
behavior and the sign of the derivative • Test for divergence (nth term test)
• Mean Value Theorem • Integral test and p-Series
• Relationship between concavity and the sign of • Harmonic series and Alternating series
the second derivative • Alternating series
• Inflection Points • Comparison test and limit comparison test
• Ratio and Root Test
• Power series, radius and interval of convergence
• Maclaurin and Taylor series

In addition, the concepts below are frequently seen by students in pre-Calculus courses and ones that all
Calculus tutors are expected to know and be able to assist students with:
• Circle, ellipse, hyperbola, and parabola • Exponential and Logarithmic Function
• Perform translations for various conic sections • Trigonometric Functions
• Arithmetic and Geometric sequences • Linear and Polynomial Functions
• Trigonometric Ratios and Identities
• Trigonometric graphs
• Law of Cosines and Law of Sines
• Functions and Graphs (Linear and Polynomial)
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Calculus BC (Back to Top)

Calculus Basics
• Combining Functions
• Patterns in Graphs

Limits and Continuity

• Finding Limits Analytically
• Asymptotes as Limits
• Relative Magnitudes for Limits
• When Limits Do and Don't Exist
• Continuity
• Intermediate and Extreme Value Theorems

Derivatives
• Slope and Change
• Derivatives at a Point
• The Derivative
• The Power Rule
• Sums, Differences, Products and Quotients
• Graphs of Functions and Derivatives
• Continuity and Differentiability
• Rolle's and Mean Value Theorems
• Higher Order Derivatives
• Concavity
• Chain Rule
• Implicit Differentiation

Rates of Change
• Extrema
• Optimization
• Tangent and Normal Lines
• Tangents to Polar Curves
• Tangent Line Approximation
• Rates and Derivatives
• Rectilinear Motion
• Motion with Vector Functions

Integrals
• Riemann's Sums
• Area Approximations
• The Definite Integral
• Properties of Integrals
• Graphing Calculator Integration
• Application of Accumulated Change
• The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
• Definite Integrals of Composite Functions
• Analyzing Functions and Integrals
• Area Between Curves
• Volumes of Revolution
• Cross Sections
o Arc Length
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Inverse and Transcendental Functions Separable Differential Equations
• Derivatives of Inverses and Slope Field
• Inverse Trigonometric Functions • Slope Fields
• Logarithmic and Exponential Review • Differential Equations and Models
• Transcendentals and 1/x • Euler's Method
• Derivatives of Logarithms and Exponentials • Exponential Growth
• L'Hopital's Rule • Application of Differential Equations
• Analysis of Transcendental Curves
• Integrating Transcendental Functions Sequences and Series
• Partial Fractions • Sequences
• Integration by Parts • Series
• Improper Integrals • Convergence Tests
• Application of Transcendental Integrals • Radius of Convergence
• Derivatives of Parametric Functions • Functions Defined by Power Series
• Integrating Parametric and Polar Functions • Taylor and Maclaurin Series
• Taylor's Theorem and Lagrange Error

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Multivariable Calculus (Back to Top)

Vectors & Geometry of Space Multivariable Integration

in Multiple Dimensions • Double Integrals over General
• Two-Dimensional Coordinate Systems Regions
• Three-Dimensional Coordinate Systems • Double Integrals in Polar
• Vectors Coordinates
• Cylindrical Coordinates • Applications of Double Integrals
• Spherical Coordinates • Triple Integrals
• The Dot Product • Triple Integrals in Cylindrical and
• The Cross Product Spherical Coordinates
• Equations of Lines and Planes • Applications of Triple Integrals
• Cylinders and Quadric Surfaces • Change of Variables: Jacobian of a
• Functions of Several Variables Transformation

Vector Functions Vector Calculus: Line Integrals

• Vector Functions and Space Curves • Vector Fields
• Derivatives of Vector Functions • Line Integrals
• Integrals of Vector Functions • The Fundamental Theorem For
• Tangent, Normal, and Binormal Vectors Line Integrals
• Arc Length and Curvature • Conservative Vector Fields
• Motion: Position, Velocity, and Acceleration • Potential Functions of Vector
Fields
Multivariable Differentiation • Green's Theorem
• Limits and Continuity • The Divergence and Curl Vector
• Partial Derivatives Operators
• Differentials
• Chain Rule Vector Calculus: Surface Integrals
• Tangent Planes and Linear Approximations • Parametric Surfaces and Area
• The Gradient Vector Operator and Directional • Surface Integrals
Derivative • Stokes' Theorem
• Critical Points: Relative and Absolute Extrema • Gauss' Divergence Theorem
• Lagrange Multipliers

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Finite Math (Back to Top)

• Solve linear equations and inequalities.

• Graph linear equations in two variables.
• Use mathematical modeling and linear regression to make predictions.
• Solve function problems.
• Quadratic Functions
• Polynomial and Rational Functions
• Solve exponential function problems.
• Solve logarithmic function problems.
• Solve simple interest problems.
• Solve compound interest problems.
• Solve problems involving future and present value of annuities. (sinking funds and amortization)
• Solve systems of linear equations.
• Gauss Jordan Elimination
• Perform operations on matrices.
• Inverse of a square matrix
• Solve matrix equations.
• Apply matrices in a real-world scenario.
• Inequalities in two variables
• Systems of linear inequalities in two variables
• Solve linear programming problems geometrically
• Geometric Introduction to the Simplex Method
• Maximization and Minimization with Mixed Problem Constraints
• Basic Counting Principles
• Permutations and Combinations
• Sample Spaces, Events and Probability
• Apply counting principles to solve problems.
• Conditional Probability, Intersection and Independence
• Solve probability problems.
• Random Variables, Probability Distribution and Expected Value
• Solve problems involving discrete probability.
• Solve problems involving discrete probability.
• Make decisions by computing the expected value of random variables.
• Summarize and present data using graphs, measures of central tendency, and measures of dispersion.
• Bernoulli Trials and Binomial Distribution
• Normal Distributions
• Solve linear programming problems geometrically.
• Solve linear programming problems by the simplex method.
• Solve problems involving Markov chains.
• Properties of Markov Chains
• Regular Markov Chains
• Absorbing Markov Chains
• Solve problems involving game theory.
• Strictly Determined Games
• Mixed Strategies Games
• Linear Programming and 2 x 2 games - geometric approach
• Linear programming and m x n games - simplex method and the dual

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Discrete Math (Back to Top)

• Apply basic enumeration techniques.

• Simplify assertions and compound statements in first-order logic.
• Apply basic set-theoretic concepts.
• Apply the principles of mathematical induction and recursion.
• Apply the basic concepts of computational complexity and algorithmic analysis.
• Solve problems of iteration.
• Manipulate relations and simple functions and their inverses.
• Use the properties of relations.
• Apply the properties of equivalence relations and partitions.
• Use the Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion.
• Identify graph isomorphism, planarity, connected components, and chromatic numbers.
• Identify properties of a tree.
• Apply properties of general graphs.
• Apply the basic concepts of Boolean algebra.
• Use the basic laws of Boolean algebra.
• Convert Boolean expressions into a disjunctive or conjunctive normal form.

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Statistics (Back to Top)

Analyze Data
• Confidence Intervals
• Correlation
• Expected Values and Probability Distributions
• Hypothesis Testing
• Infer and Predict
• Regression
• Sample Distributions and Central Limit Theorem

Collect Data
• Experiments and Data Collection
• Sampling

Probability
• Computing Probability
• Counting - Combinations and Permutations

Summarize Data
• Data Distribution
• Display Data
• Measures of Data
• Read, Interpret, Classify Data

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Intermediate Statistics (Back to Top)

Probability ANOVA
• Probability Theory • One-way ANOVA
• Random Variables • Two-way ANOVA
• Simulations (including Monte Carlo) • Factorial – interactions
• Randomized block ANOVA
Discrete Probability Distributions • Repeated Measures
• General • Post-hoc analysis/multiple
• Binomial & Negative Binomial comparisons (Bonferroni,
• Geometric & Hypergeometric Tukey, LSD)
• Poisson
• Multinomial Nonparametric Tests
• 1-sample sign test
Continuous Probability Distributions • Wilcoxon rank test
• Normal/Student's T • Kruskal-Wallis Test
• Log Normal • Friedman Test
• Bivariate • Mann-Whitney Test
• Gamma & Beta • Mood's Median Test
• Exponential • Spearman Rank Correlation
• Chi-square
• F Regression and Correlation
• Simple Linear Regression
Statistical Inference • Multiple Regression
• Confidence Intervals • Logistic Regression
• Hypothesis Testing • Polynomial Regression
• Errors, Power, & Effect Size • ANCOVA

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Quantitative Reasoning (Back to Top)

Logic/Critical Thinking The Mathematics of Finance

• Truth Tables • Simple Interest
• Simple Statements • Compound Interest (Lump Sums and
• Venn Diagrams Annuities)
• Compound Statements • Applications of Compound Interest
• Analyzing Arguments • Amortization Schedules

Arithmetic Knowledge Descriptive Statistics

• Fractions • Measures of Central Tendency
• Decimals and Rounding • Measures of Spread/Dispersion/Variation
• Scientific Notation, Powers of 10, and • Percentiles & Z-scores
Approximations • Graphing Tools Used to Summarize Data
• Rate, Ratio and Proportion
• Percentages Designing & Analyzing Studies
• Uses and Abuses of Percentages • Observational vs Experimental Studies
• Index Numbers • Sampling Methods (Strengths and
• Unit Conversions Weaknesses)
• Interpretation of Graphs • Critical Evaluation of Statistical Studies

Geometry/Trigonometry Probability Rules & Simulation

• Perimeters and Areas of Basic Geometric Shapes • Counting Methods - Multiplication Principle,
• Measures of Distance and the Pythagorean Permutations, Combinations
Theorem • Probability Concepts and Rules
• Volume and Surface Area • Independent vs. Dependent Events
• Basic Trigonometry • Joint vs. Disjoint (Mutually Exclusive) Events
• Graphs of the Trigonometric Functions • Law of Large Numbers
• Applications of Trigonometry • Simulation Using TI-84/83 or MS Excel
• Probability Distributions
Functions • Discrete vs Continuous Distributions
• Definition and the Vertical Line Test • Normal Distribution
• One-to-one and Inverse Functions, the • Random Variables and Probability
Horizontal Line Test Distributions
• Linear Functions (Standard and Slope-Intercept • Expected Value & Risk Assessment
Forms of Equations) • Binomial and Geometric Distributions,
• Applications of Linear Models including Normal Approximation to the
• Linear Inequalities Binomial Distribution
• Nonlinear Models (Exponential, Power,
Logarithmic) Inductive/Deductive Reasoning
• Graphing Functions (Excel or TI-84/83) Inference & Regression
• Solving systems of equations (Linear & • Central Limit Theorem
Nonlinear) • Logic of Confidence Intervals
• Linear Programming (Graphical Method) • Logic of Hypothesis Testing
• Linear Programming (Simplex Method) • One Sample Inference About a Population
Mean
• One Sample Inference About a Population
Proportion
• Scatterplots & Correlation
• Simple Linear Regression

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Quantitative Methods (Back to Top)

Applications and Limitations Forecasting

of Quantitative Analysis • Linear Regression
• Business and Decision Analysis • Non-Linear Regression
• Arts and Social Sciences • Moving Average
• Medical and Health Sciences • Exponential Smoothing
• Seasonal Index
Data and Terms
• Data Quality and measures Linear Algebra
• Multivariate data • Vector
• F Statistic • Matrix
• Coefficient Interpretation • Determinant
• Data Sensitivity • Solving systems
• Hypothesis Testing
Calculus
Decision Models • Functions
• Maximin and Maximax • Derivatives
• Hurwicz • Optimization
• Expected Value and Expected Value Perfect
Information Advanced Statistical Modeling
• Decision Tree • Chi Square
• Equal Likelihood • Data Clustering
• Highest Value vs Lowest Cost • ANOVA
• Simulation
• Probability Modeling

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Linear Algebra (Back to Top)

Systems of Linear Equations Vector Spaces

• Homogeneous and non-homogeneous systems • Linear dependence and
• Matrix representation of system independence
• Row reduction and echelon forms • Rank and nullity of a matrix
• Gaussian and Gauss-Jordan elimination • Properties of vector spaces
• Consistent and inconsistent systems • Subspaces
• Span of a vector space
Matrix Properties and Arithmetic • Basis of a vector space
• Addition, Subtractions, Scalar Multiplication • Properties of vectors and vector
• Matrix multiplication arithmetic
• Transpose of a matrix
• Special Matrices - Identity, zero, diagonal, etc. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
• Elementary matrices and elementary row • Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
operations • The Characteristic Equation
• Row equivalence
Matrix Decomposition
Determinants • LU decomposition
• Determinant of 2 x 2 and 3 x 3 matrices • QR decomposition
• Co-factor expansion • Diagonalization
• Cramer's Rule • Singular Value decomposition
• Theorems involving determinants and invertibility
• Properties of determinants Orthogonality/Least Squares
• Inner product spaces
Linear Transformations • Orthogonality
• Properties of linear transformations • Orthonormal bases
• Matrix representation of linear transformation • Gram-Schmidt
• Kernel orthonormalization
• Range • Least squares regression
• Change of basis

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Differential Equations (Back to Top)

Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations Laplace Transforms

• Define and classify differential equations • Compute Laplace transforms of simple
• Determine whether a function is a solution to a DE functions using definition of Laplace transform
• Existence and Uniqueness Theorem • Compute Laplace transforms of polynomial,
• Principle of Superposition exponential, and trig functions using table
• Solve IVPs using Laplace transforms
1st order Ordinary Differential Equations
• Identify 1st order linear, separable, exact, Bernoulli, Power Series Solutions of ODEs
and homogeneous • Manipulate power series
1st order ODEs • Identify ordinary and singular points of ODEs
• Find general solution for 1st order ODEs • Evaluate recurrence relations
• Solve 1st order initial value problems • Find power series solutions of ODEs
• Construct and solve ODEs for applications such as
mixtures, populations, and Newtonian Mechanics Systems of 1st Order Differential Equations
• Use row operations to reduce matrices
Gaining information about ODEs without solving • Compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of
• Identify autonomous 1st order ODEs square matrices
• Find and classify equilibrium solutions to • Solve system of two 1st order linear ODEs with
autonomous 1st order ODEs with constant constant coefficients using matrix methods
coefficients • Convert 2nd order linear ODE to a system of
• Predict end behavior of solution two first order linear ODEs
to autonomous ODE given initial condition • Orthogonality
• Construct, identify, and interpret slope/direction • Orthonormal bases
fields • Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization
• Euler's method
• Least squares regression

Higher Order ODEs

• Linear independence of solutions
• Construct and solve problems involving harmonic
motion, electrical circuits, and projectile motion
• Solve linear higher order ODEs with constant
coefficients using method of undetermined
coefficients
• Find second solution to 2nd order
ODE using method of Reduction of Order
• Find particular solution to 2nd order
nonhomogeneous ODE using variation
of parameters
• Solve Cauchy-Euler equations

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Primary (K-2) Science (Back to Top)

Interdependent Relationships in Earth's Systems: Processes That Shape the

Ecosystems: Animals, Plants, and Their Earth
Environment • The History of Planet Earth
• Organization for Matter and Energy • Earth Materials and Systems
Flow in Organisms • Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale
• Biogeology Interactions
• Natural Resources • The Roles of Water in Earth's Surface
• Human Impacts on Earth Systems Processes
• Developing Possible Solutions • Optimizing the Design Solution

Structure, Function, and Information Forces and Interactions: Pushes and Pulls
Processing • Forces and Motion
• Structure and Function of Organisms • Types of Interactions
• Growth and Development of • Relationship Between Energy and
Organisms Forces
• Plant and Animal Responses
• Inheritance of Traits Waves: Light and Sound
• Variation of Traits • Wave Properties
• Electromagnetic Radiation
Interdependent Relationships in • Information Technologies and
Ecosystems Instrumentation
• Interdependent Relationships in
Ecosystems Structures and Properties of Matter
• Biodiversity and Humans • Phases of Matter
• Developing Possible Solutions • Chemical Reactions

Weather and Climate

• Conservation of Energy and Energy
Transfer
• Weather Patterns
• Natural Hazards
• Defining and Delimiting Engineering
Problems

Space Systems: Patterns and Cycles

• The Universe and Its Stars
• Earth and the Solar System

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Elementary (3-6) Science (Back to Top)

Physical Science
• Forces and Interactions
• Energy
• Waves: Waves and Information
• Structure and Properties of Matter

Earth & Space Science

• Weather and Climate
• The History of Planet Earth
• Earth's Materials and Systems
• Space Systems: Stars and the Solar System

Life Science
• Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
• Inheritance and Variation of Traits
• Structure, Function, and Information Processing
• Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems

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Elementary (7-8) Science (Back to Top)

Life Science
• Cells and Multicellular Organisms
• Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems
• Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems
• Natural Selection and Adaptations
• Growth, Development, and Reproduction of Organisms

Earth and Space Science

• Space Systems
• History of Earth
• Earth's Systems
• Weather and Climate
• Human Impacts

Physical Science
• Chemical Reactions & Matter
• Forces and Interactions
• Energy
• Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation

Earth Science (Back to Top)

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Math basics Meteorology
• Algebra • Air
• Dimensional analysis • Weather Conditions and how they are
• Metric system created
• Scientific notation • Global Weather
• Significant digits • Prediction, forecast and measurement
• Tools for measuring weather conditions
Nature of Science • Weather map construction and
• Accuracy and precision interpretation
• Bias and Ethics • Clouds
• Communication • Air Mass
• Data collection and analysis • Climates
• Graphical interpretations
• Models Oceanography
• Scientific Method • Sea Floor Profile
• Scientific Quantities • Parts of the Ocean
• Scientific Thinking • Salinity
• Scientists and Discoveries • Contributories to the water in the ocean
• Theories and Laws • Resources
• Tools and Measurement • Coriolis Effect
• Major currents in the world and features
Geology • Waves
• Biomes • Tsunami characteristics
• Chemical Cycles
• Climate change Astronomy
• Ecosystems • Earth, Sun, and Moon System
• Energy flow – Carbon cycle – Population Growth • Features of the Moon
• Erosion and Weathering • Theories of the creation of the moon
• First Principle of Geology • Sun
• Fossils • Solar system
• Glaciers • Stars
• Human impact/changes to planet • Galaxies
• Law of Superposition • Big Bang Theory and evidence
• Minerals • Space probes and exploration
• Natural disasters – causes, effects, impact • Telescopes
• Natural Resources
• Plate Tectonics
• Pollution
• Population
• Principle of Uniform Process
• Radioactive dating of rocks
• Relative Age
• Soil
• Time
• Types of Rock and the Rock Cycle
• Unconformity
• Water

Biology (Back to Top)

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Chemistry of Life Molecular Biology
• Atoms • DNA and genome structure
• Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic • Famous experiments
Acids • Genetic Engineering Techniques and Their
• Chemical Gradients Uses
• Important properties of water • Introns and mRNA splicing
• Molecular Movement, Osmosis and Diffusion • Mutations and Chromosomal Abnormalities
• Monomers and Polymers • Regulation of Gene Expression and Epigenetics
• Origins of life • Semi-conservative replication
• pH • Transcription
• Translation and protein processing
Cell Structure and Function
• Active and Passive Transport Heredity
• Cell junctions • Dominance, co-dominance, and incomplete
• Cellular Transport across the Cell Membrane dominance
• Facilitated Diffusion • Inheritance
• Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane and • Mendel's Law of Heredity
Semi-permeability • Mitochondrial DNA
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • Monohybrid, Dihybrid, and Trihybrid Crosses
• Receptor Proteins • Pedigree Analysis
• Signaling Molecules • Probability of Genotypes or Phenotypes based
• Structure and function of cellular components on Genetic Crosses
• Sex-linked Traits
Cellular Energetics
• Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Evolution and Phylogeny
• Calvin Cycle • Cell Theory and Characteristics of Life
• Cell cycle • Common Ancestry
• Cell Cycle Checkpoints • Evidence Supporting Evolution
• Cell Reproduction • Examples of Selective Pressures and Their
• Change in free energy Effects on Population
• Chemosynthesis • Natural Selection and Fitness
• Coupled reactions, activation energy, and ATP • RNA World Hypothesis
• Electron Transport Chain • The Role of Genetic Drift, Mutation, and Sexual
• Enzymes, Enzymatic Functions, and Enzymatic Reproduction in Evolution
Pathways • Theory of Endosymbiosis
• Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions • Three-Domain Hypothesis
• Fermentation • Types of Selection
• G0, G1, S, G2, and M Phases of the Cell Cycle • Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
• Glycolysis • Phylogenetic Trees & Cladograms
• Krebs Cycle • Speciation & Extinction
• Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis • Taxonomy
• Meiosis
• Mitosis Bacteria
• Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors in relation • Bacterial Conjugation
to cell cycle • Basic Structures
• Ploidy • Binary Fission
• Characteristics

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Viruses Fungi
• Basic Structure Including: • Fungal Structures
• Capsid/Coat Proteins • Reproduction
• Characteristics • Role in Decomposition
• Genetic Material (including Reverse
Transcriptase for RNA viruses) Ecology
• Lytic and Lysogenic Stages of Virus Life Cycle • Biodiversity
• Relationship of Cell Receptors to Entrance of • Biogeochemical cycles
Viruses into Host cells • Biomes
• Relationship of Viruses to Cancer • Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting
• Role of Mutation on the Evolution of Viruses Environments
• Ecosystem Energy Flow
Animal Form & Function • Interactions between species and types of
• Animal Behavior symbiosis
• Animal Reproduction • Life History Strategies
• Body Plan Development • Population Growth and Regulation
• Characteristics of the Following Taxa: • Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers
• Endotherms and Ectotherms
• Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous General Science
• Homeostasis, Feedback Loops, and Hormones • Assistance with Lab-related Assignments
• Origin and Function of the Following Cell • Development of Science Fair Projects
Types • Interpreting and Graphing Scientific Data
• Protists, Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda, • Interpreting and Summarizing Information
Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, from Literature
Echinodermata, Chordata • Reviewing Reports for Science Content
• Surface Area to Volume
• Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems Lab techniques
• Bacterial culturing
Plant Form & Function • Centrifugation
• Adaptations of Plants to Land • Gel electrophoresis
• Alternation of Generations • Microscopy
• Evolution of Plants from Algae • Serial dilution
• Plant Reproduction • Spectrophotometry
• Plant Structures
• Pollen, Seeds, Flowers, and Fruit
• Response to Stimuli (hormones involved)
• Vascular and Nonvascular Plants

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Chemistry (Back to Top)

Atoms, Elements, Compounds Matter

• Atomic Theory, Elements • States, Types
• Avogadro's Number, Mole • Chemical, Physical Properties
• Compounds, Mixtures • Chemical, Physical Changes
• Isotopes • Gas Laws
• Atomic and Mass Number • Kinetic-Molecular Theory
• Charge and Ions Organic Chem., Biochemistry
• Nomenclature, Formulas • Org. Cmpds., Nomenclature
• Periodic Table • Functional Groups
• Periodic Trends • Biochemical Compounds
• Subatomic Particles Other
• Orbitals • Disconnect
• Electron Configuration • Other
• Quantum Numbers • Out of Scope
Chem-based Math Physical, Nuclear Chemistry
• Measurement • Electromagnetic Radiation
• Accuracy, Precision • Enthalpy, Entropy
• Metric System, Units • Free Energy, Spontaneity
• Significant Figures, Rounding • Exothermic, Endothermic
• Unit Conversions • Thermodynamics
• Scientific Notation • Radioactive Decay, Half-Life
Chemical Equations, Reactions Scientific Method, Lab Report
• Balance Chemical Equations • Lit. Review, Research
• Predicting Reaction Products • Question, Hypothesis
• Net Ionic Equations • Theories, Laws
• Rates, Rate Laws • Instrumentation, Data
• Redox Reactions • Variables
• Stoichiometry, Limit. Reactants • Data Analysis
• % Yield, Excess Reactant • Inferences, Conclusions
Solutions, Rxns in Solution
• % Composition
• Acids, Bases (Strong and Weak)
• Emp. and Mol. Formulas
• Chemical Equilibrium
• Types of Chemical Reactions
Bonding • ICE Tables
• Types of Bonding • Colligative Properties
• Intermolecular Forces • Electrochemistry
• Lewis Structures • Molarity, Other Concentrations
• VSEPR Theory • pH, pOH
• Polarity, Resonance • Solubility
• Orbitals, Hybidization • Electrolytes
Lab Techniques • pKa and Buffers
• Tools, Measurement
• Lab Safety

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Physics– Algebra-based (Back to Top)

Math basics Fluid Mechanics

• Algebra and Trigonometry • Density and Pressure
• Dimensional analysis • Buoyancy – Archimedes’ Principle
• Metric system • Fluid dynamics
• Scientific notation • Fluid Flow continuity equation
• Significant digits • Bernoulli’s Equation
• Vectors and scalars
Fluid Mechanics (Cont'd)
Nature of Science • Hydrostatics
• Accuracy and precision • Fluid Pressure
• Bias and Ethics
• Communication Thermal Physics
• Data collection and analysis • Heat
• Models • Temperature
• Pseudo Sciences • Mechanical Equivalent of heat
• Safety • Heat Transfer and thermal expansion
• Science and Society • Calorimetry
• Scientific Method • Kinetic Theory
• Scientific Quantities • Ideal Gases
• Scientific Thinking • Gas laws
• Scientists and Discoveries • Thermodynamics
• Theories and Laws
• Tools and Measurement Electrostatics
• Electric charges
Kinematics • Conductors, insulators and semi-conductors
• Position, Distance, and Displacement • Charging by conduction
• Speed and velocity • Charging by induction
• Acceleration • Coulomb’s Law
• Position vs time graphs • Electric fields
• Velocity vs time graphs • Gauss’ Law
• Kinetic equations under constant • Electric Potential Energy and Electric
acceleration Potential
• Free fall equations • Motion of charges particles in electric fields
• Projectiles • Capacitance
• Circular motion
• Center of mass Current Electricity
• EMF
Dynamics • Circuits
• Newton’s Laws • AC/DC
• Current
Work, energy and power • Resistance
• Work and work-kinetic energy theorem • Electric Power
• Conservative forces and Potential energy • Electric Energy
• Conservation of mechanical energy • Resistors in series
• Power • Resistors in Parallel
• Simple Harmonic motion • Batteries and Internal Resistance
• Momentum • Kirkoff’s Law
• Sources of energy on Earth • Ohm’s Law
• Voltmeters

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 • Ammeters • The electromagnetic spectrum
• RC circuits • Inverse square law

Electromagnetism
• Force of a magnetic field on a moving
charge
• Force of a magnetic field on a current
carrying wire
• Torque on a current carrying loop
• Magnetic fields due to straight and coiled
wires
• Electromagnetic Induction
• Magnetic flux
• Faraday’s Law
• Lens’s Law

Electromagnetism (cont'd)
• Motors
• Mass Spectrometers
• Generators

Wave Motion and Sound

• Description and characteristics of waves
• Types of waves
• Standing waves
• Beats
• Harmonics
• Wave on a string
• Wave in a tube
• Doppler Effect
• Sound intensity
• Sound Power
• Relative sound intensity

Optics
• Reflection
• Law of reflection
• Refraction
• Snell’s Law
• Total Internal reflection
• Critical angle
• Images formed by plane mirrors
• Images formed by spherical mirrors
• Images formed by parabolic mirrors
• Images formed by lenses
• Ray-diagrams
• Thin lens
• Mirror equation
• Image formation by a two-lens system
• Interference
• Diffraction
• Polarization

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 Modern Physics • Mass-energy equivalence
• Atomic Physics and Quantum Effects • Conservation of energy-mass
• Nuclear symbols
Nuclear Physics • Nuclear reactions
• Atomic mass • Neutrino
• Mass number • Chain reactions
• Atomic number • Isotopes
• Mass defect and binding energy • States of matter
• Nuclear processed • Atomic Models

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Physics – Calculus-based (Back to Top)

This subject covers the material from AP Physics C-Mechanics, AP Physics C-Electricity and Magnetism, and
introductory college level physics courses that require calculus as a prerequisite.

Math Basics Work, energy, and power(cont'd)

• Algebra, trigonometry and calculus • Conservation of mechanical energy
• Dimensional analysis • Energy diagrams
• Units and unit conversions • Power
• Scientific notation Systems of particles, linear momentum, impulse and
• Estimates and orders of magnitudes collisions
• Significant figures • Center of mass
• Vectors and scalars • Two object system
• Cross product, Dot product • Momentum
• Derivatives, Integrals Circular Motion and Rotations
Nature of Science • Uniform circular motion
• Accuracy and precision • Angular velocity and acceleration
• Data collection via observation and • Frequency and period
measurement and the analysis of this data • Vertical circular motion
• Error analysis • Rotational kinematics
• Experimental design • Moment of inertia
• Models • Rotational inertia
• Scientific method • Parallel axis theorem
• Tools and measurement • Rotational kinetic energy
• Communicating scientific results • Work and power in rotational motion
Newtonian Mechanics • Torque
Kinematics (Motion Along a Straight Line) • Torque and angular acceleration for a rigid
• Position, distance, and displacement object
• Rotation of a rigid object around a fixed axis
• Average and instantaneous velocity
Equilibrium and Elasticity
• Average and instantaneous acceleration
• Position vs time graphs • Rotational equilibrium (torque)
• Velocity vs time graphs • Conditions for static equilibrium
• Center of gravity
• Acceleration vs time graphs
• Differential determination of position, velocity • Stress, strain, and elastic moduli
and acceleration as a function of time • Elasticity
• Kinematic equations under constant Fluid Mechanics
• Density and Pressure
acceleration
Dynamics • Buoyancy – Archimedes’ Principle
• Newton’s Laws of Motion • Fluid dynamics
• Mass and weight • Fluid Flow continuity equation
• Bernoulli’s Equation
• Fundamental forces of nature
• Static and kinetic friction • Hydrostatics
• Air resistance • Fluid Pressure
• Viscosity and Turbulence
• Elevator problems
• Incline planes Gravitation
• Atwood Machines • Universal Gravitation
• Dynamics of circular motion • Gravitational Fields
Work, energy, and power • Orbits
• Work and the work-kinetic energy theorem • Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
• Integrate to calculate the work performed by a • The Motion of satellites
varying force • Apparent Weight
• Conservative forces and potential energy • Oscillatory Motion
• Non-conservative forces

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 Thermal Physics • Magnetic fields due to straight and coiled
• Heat, Temperature wires
• Mechanical Equivalent of heat • Biot-Savart Law, Ampère’s Law
• Heat Transfer and thermal expansion Electromagnetism
• Calorimetry • Motion of charged particles in electric and
• Kinetic Theory magnetic fields
• Ideal Gases, Gas laws • Electromagnetic induction
• Thermodynamics • Magnetic flux
Electricity and Magnetism • Inductance
Electrostatics Electromagnetism (Cont'd)
• Electric charges • RL circuits, LC circuits, LRC circuits
• Conductors, insulators and semiconductors • Faraday’s Law, Lenz’s Law
• Charging by conduction and induction • Alternating current circuits
• Coulomb’s Law • Displacement current
• Electric fields, Electric Field Lines • Maxwell’s equations
• Electric Dipoles, Electric Flux • Motors
• Gauss’s Law • Mass spectrometers
• Electric Potential Energy and Electric • Generators
Potential • Transformer
• Potentials of charge distributions Wave, Motion, and Sound
Conductors, Capacitors and Dielectrics • Description and characteristics of waves
• Electrostatics with conductors • Types of waves
• Equipotential surfaces • Standing waves
• Capacitance • Beats
• Dielectrics • Harmonics
• Wave on a string
Current and Resistance
• Wave in a tube
• Current
• Doppler Effect
• Resistivity
• Sound intensity
• Resistance
• Sound Power
Direct Current Electric Circuits
• Relative sound intensity
• EMF
• Electric Power, Electric Energy Optics
• Resistors in series and in parallel Nature and Propagation of Light
• Batteries and Internal Resistance • Reflection, Law of reflection
• Kirchhoff’s Law, Ohm’s Law • Refraction
• Voltmeters, Ammeters • Snell’s Law
• RC circuits • Total internal reflection
Magnetic Fields • Critical angle
• Sources of magnetic fields • Geometric Optics
• Right-hand rule • Physical Optics
• Left-hand rule Modern Physics
• Force of a magnetic field on a moving • Quantum Mechanics and the nature of light
charge • Relativity
• Force of a magnetic field on a current • Atomic physics and quantum effects
carrying wire • Nuclear physics
• Torque on a current carrying loop

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Microbiology (Back to Top)
The microbiology course is considered an advanced science course. It is expected that tutors are
knowledgeable in foundational biological, chemical and mathematical concepts as they underlie and
relate to microbiology

Basic Biology Ecology

• Eukaryotes • Biogeochemical cycling
• Prokaryotes • Microorganisms in marine and freshwater
• Cellular division of eukaryotic and prokaryotic ecosystems
cells • Microorganisms in terrestrial ecosystems
• Functional anatomy of various cells • Symbiosis
• Whitaker Five Kingdoms • Mutualism
• Woese Three Domain clarification • Commensalism
Microbial Traits • Parasitism
• Types Pathogenicity
• Nutrition • Germ Theory
• Growth • Infection and reproduction
• Control in various environments • Host and parasite relationship
• Structure • Infectious disease
• Metabolism • Disease transmission
• Pathways • Nosocomial infections
• Catabolism • Mechanisms of pathogenicity
• Anabolism • Antimicrobial drugs
• Gram positive bacteria anatomy • Important pathogens and diseases
• Gram negative bacteria anatomy • Sterilization
o Deinococci • Disinfection
o Nonproteobacteria Immunization
• Biochemistry processes • Innate host resistance
• Recombinant DNA technology • Adaptive Immunity
• Taxonomy and classification (Bergey) • Sanitation
• Cytology • Hygiene
• Cellular physiology Health
Genetics • Epidemiology
• Structure • Antimicrobial chemotherapy
• Replication • Microbiology of food
• Expression • Industrial microbiology
• Mechanisms of variation Laboratory Techniques
• Mapping of distances in genes • Basic laboratory equipment identification
• Lac operon • Guidelines for safe handling of
• Lac repressor microorganisms and infectious materials
• Trp operon • Microscope use including oil emersion
• Arabinose operon • Methods for taking clinical samples
• Genetic recombination • Incubation techniques
• Transformation • Inoculation techniques
• Conjugation • Isolation techniques
• Transduction • Identification techniques
• Chromatography
• Spectrophotometry
• Serial dilution technique and calculations

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Organic Chemistry (Back to Top)

Structure & Bonding Stereochemistry

• Electron Configurations of Atoms • Isomers
• Chemical Bonding & Valence • Constitutional isomers
• Charge Distribution in Molecules • Stereoisomers
• The Shape of Molecules • Chiral and achiral
• Isomers • Enantiomers
• Analysis of Molecular Formulas • Optical activity
• Resonance • R and S configurations
• Atomic and Molecular Orbitals • Diastereomers
• Fischer projections
Intermolecular Forces • Meso compounds
• Boiling & Melting Points
• Hydrogen Bonding Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination, and
• Crystalline Solids Addition reactions
• Water Solubility
Biochemicals – Structure & Function of…
Functional Groups – Properties, Nomenclature, • Carbohydrates
Synthesis, & Reactions of… • Lipids
• Alkanes • Amino acids
• Alkenes • Proteins
• Alkynes • Enzymes
• Alkyl halides • Vitamins
• Alcohols
• Aromatics Lab techniques
• Ketones • Synthesis of compounds (solid and gas)
• Ethers • Separation techniques
• Esters • Melting point determination
• Carboxylic acids • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
• Amides spectrometer operation and analysis
• Amines • Infrared (IR) spectrometer operation and
analysis
Acids & Bases • Gas chromatography and Mass
• Arrhenius acids and bases Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis
• Lowry-Brønsted Acids & Bases
• Lewis Acids and Bases
• Acid dissociation constants and pH
• Effect on acidity

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Electrical Engineering (Back to Top)

Communication skills in engineering Transducer & Sensors

Overview of the process of engineering design for Microprocessor and Microcontrollers

electrical and electronic systems Electromagnetic Theory and
Semiconductor Devices
Electrical and Electronic Careers
Electrical Machine Design & Signal
Engineering Notation & Measurements Processing

Fundamental Electrical Properties Materials Science

• Ohm’s Law and Power
• Measuring voltage, current, and resistance with Labs:
multimeters
• Preparing electrical cables (Romex) for use in • Circuits & Network Lab
residential wiring • Electrical & Electronic
• Series circuits Measurement Lab
• Parallel circuits • Data Structure Lab
• Wiring a basic lighting circuit • Numerical Methods &
Programming Lab
Analog and Power Electronics • Analog Electronic Circuits Lab
• Digital Electronics & Integrated
Digital Electronics & Design Circuits Lab
• Electronic Measurements &
Measurements & Instrumentation Instrumentation
• Transducer & Sensors Lab
Mathematical Modelling and Analysis • Technical Report writing for the Lab

AC Circuit Analysis
• Complex Numbers and Phasors in Polar or
Rectangular Form
• AC Circuits Phasors and Impedance
Transformers

Computer Organization & Architecture

Physics of Electronics and Nanotechnology

Programming and Control systems

Photonics and Communication Systems

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Environmental Science (Back to Top)

Chemistry of Environmental Science Soil, Agriculture, and Food Sources

• Atmosphere & pollution • Soil composition formation and
• Air composition development processes
• Particulate matter • Soil physical properties
• Analytical methods and equipment • Soil chemical properties
• Health effects • Agriculture
• Ozone • Soil and/or groundwater pollution
• Regulations • Threats to the environment by soil pollution
• Toxicology • Remediation
Ecosystem Ecology • Soil sampling and analysis
• Flora and fauna • Regulations
• Biodiversity • Solid hazardous waste
• Nutrient cycling Environmental management
• Biogeography • Environmental economics
• Forestry • Environmental policies, procedures, and
• Invasive species strategies
• Ecological Disturbance and Successions • Sustainability
• Biotic and abiotic factors • Green business
• Biomes and ecosystems • Environmental Ethics & Equity
Energy and the environment Conservation & Climate Change
• Renewable energy sources • Greenhouse gases
• Non-renewable energy sources • Impacts
• Environmental impacts of fossil fuels • Technologies
• Energy efficiency and conservation • policies
Human Population Impact • Orbital and solar forcing
• Human population growth • Properties of light and albedo
• Consumption • Climate and weather
• Deforestation • Climate modeling
• Urbanization • Paleoclimate and proxies
• Waste management
Energy and the environment
• Renewable energy sources
• Non-renewable energy sources
• Environmental impacts of fossil fuels
• Energy efficiency and conservation
Water resources and pollution
• Water cycle
• Chemistry of water
• Physical properties of water
• Freshwater systems
• Salt water systems
• Groundwater
• Water contamination
• Water treatment
• Water sampling and analysis
• Regulations

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Astronomy (Back to Top)

History/Philosophy of Astronomy Gas Giants

• Geocentrism vs. Heliocentrism • Overview of Gas Giants
• Ptolemy and Aristotle • Meteorology of Gas Giants
• Copernicus and Galileo • Rings, Moons, and Pluto

Astronomical Instruments Interstellar Space and Celestial

• Telescopes and Light Distances
• Radio Telescopes • Fundamental Units of Distance
• Terrestrial vs. Orbiting Telescopes • The Interstellar Medium
• The Life Cycle of Cosmic
Orbits and Gravity Material
• Isaac Newton and Gravity
• The Laws of Planetary Motion Asteroids, Comets, and Black Holes
• Gravity with More than two bodies • Asteroid Characteristics
• Comet Characteristics
Stellar Nucleosynthesis and • Black Hole Overview
The Origin of the Solar System
• Stellar Nucleosynthesis
• Stellar Mass and H-R Diagram
• Origin of the Solar System

Terrestrial Planets
• Mercury Geology and Meteorology
• Venus Geology and Meteorology
• Earth Geology and Meteorology
• Mars Geology, Meteorology, and Divergent
Planetary Evolution

Earth and Moon Dynamics

• Origin of the Moon
• Lunar Cycles
• Tidal Relationships with the Moon

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Mechanical Engineering (Back to Top)

ME Basics • AC Systems and controls

• Unit systems Statics
• Engineering drawing practice • Beams
• Ethics • Trusses
• Economic analysis • Cables and pulleys

Fluids Materials
• Compressible fluid dynamics • Engineering materials
• Fluid properties • Material properties and testing
• Fluid statics • Thermal treatment of metals
• Fluid flow parameters • Properties of areas
• Fluid dynamics • Strength of materials
• Hydraulics • Failure
• Fluid power
• Fans and ductwork Machine Design
• Types of columns
Thermodynamics • Types of beams
• Inorganic chemistry • Types of tanks
• Fuels and combustion • Types of connections and joints
• Energy, work and power • Compression and tension of members
• Thermodynamic properties of substances • Springs
• Changes in thermodynamic properties • Gears
• Bearings
Power Cycles
• Vapor power equipment Dynamics and Vibrations
• Vapor power cycles • Kinematics
• Combustion power cycles • Dynamics
• Power-generating systems • Mechanisms and power transmission
• Gas compression cycles • Vibrating systems (mass, spring, damper)
• Refrigeration cycles
Control Systems
Heat Transfer • Modeling systems
• Modes of heat transfer • Feedback
• Units and parameters of heat transfer • Steady state analysis
• Conduction • Transient analysis
• Convection
• Radiation Plant Design
• Natural convection, evaporation, and • Plant management
condensation • Instrumentation and measurements
• Manufacturing processes
HVAC • Transient
• Psychometrics
• Ventilation
• Heating and cooling loads

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Anatomy & Physiology (Back to Top)

Anatomical Terminology o Differentiate between Compact &

• Anatomical Regions, Cavities, Planes of Spongy Bone
Symmetry, and Directional Terms o Differentiate between Endochondral and
Intramembranous Ossification
General Chemistry o Differentiate between Axial and
• Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Atoms, Elements, Appendicular Skeleton
and Compounds o Basic knowledge of bone fractures and
• Bonding: Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen osteoporosis
• pH scale, Acids and Bases, Organic and Inorganic o Supporting Ligaments and discs
Compounds o Types of Joints and their locations
• Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,
and Nucleic Acids • Muscular
o Functions of the Muscular System
Cellular Biology o Types and Locations of Muscular Tissue
• Light and Electron Microscope Images and Uses o Muscle Cell Structure and Function
• Cell Structure: Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, o Sliding Filament Theory & Excitation –
Nucleus Contraction Coupling
• Organelle Structure and Function o Sources of Energy for Muscle
• Protein Synthesis o Role of Exercise and Muscle Function
• Metabolism and Homeostasis o Knowledge of Names and Locations of
• Mitosis and Meiosis muscles

Histology • Digestive
• Structure, Function, Location, and Subtypes of o Structure and Function of Esophagus,
Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, and Nervous Stomach, Small Intestines, Colon, Liver,
Tissue Gall Bladder, Appendix and Rectum
o Mechanical Digestion, Chemical
Embryology Digestion
• Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm and their o Absorption and transport of nutrients
derivatives o pH balance and enzymatic function
o Hormone regulation of digestive
Organ Systems function and appetite
• Integumentary o Extrinsic and Intrinsic Nervous function
o Functions of the Integument o Digestive Disease
o Layers composing the epidermis and o Normal Flora of the gut
dermis
o Nutrient and Oxygen Supply to the • Nervous
epidermis and dermis o Functions and Divisions of the Nervous
o Subcutaneous layer System
o Accessory Organ Structure and Function: o Structure and Function of Neurons and
Hair, Nails, and Glands Neuroglia
o Basic Knowledge skin cancer types and o Generation and Propagation of an
prognoses action potential
o Synapses, Neurotransmitters, and
• Skeletal Myelination
o Functions of the Skeletal System o Brain Structure, Divisions, and Functions
o Structure and Function of Cartilage o Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve
o Bone Markings, Shapes, Matrix, Structure and Function
Structures, and Names o Special Senses: Olfaction, Taste, Vision,
o Bone Cells Structure and Function: Hearing, and Balance
Osteocyte, Osteoclast, and Osteoblast

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 o Structure and Function of the o Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes,
Autonomic Nervous System Spleen, Lymphoid Tissue, and Peyer's
Patches
• Endocrine o Lymphatic Circulation
o Second Messenger Pathways
o Steroid production and function • Respiratory
o Role of Hypothalamus o Functions of the Respiratory System
o Structure & Function of Pituitary, o Anatomy and Histology of the
Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Respiratory Tract and Lungs
testes, Ovaries, and Pineal Glands o Properties of Ventilation and Pulmonary
o Hormones produced and their function Function Tests
o Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide exchange
• Cardiovascular and circulation
o Functions and Composition of Blood
o Clotting Cascade • Urinary
o Blood typing and diagnostic tests o Structure and Function of the Kidney
o Structure and Function of the heart o Glomerular Filtration and Tubular
o Electrical Activity of the Heart Section & Reabsorption
o Cardiac Cycle o Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone Pathway
o Cardiac Output o Function of Vasopressin (ADH) and
o Knowledge of Arteries and Veins that Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
supply the body o Structure and Function of the Ureter,
o Immunity & Lymphatic Bladder, and Urethra
o Innate and Adaptive Immunity
o Types and Functions of Immune Cells • Reproductive
o Immunological Surveillance and o Meiosis and Gamete Production
Tolerance o Structure and Function of the Male &
o Acquired Immunity Female Reproductive System
o Fertilization and Pregnancy

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Health Administration (Back to Top)

Governance, Organizational Structure, and Healthcare Finance, Technology, and

Management Information Management
• Organizational structures • Financial tools, processes, and
• Total quality management techniques
• Responsibility, authority, and accountability • Developing a master budget
• Developing, implementing, and updating • Revenue cycle and reimbursement
strategic plans • Financial considerations (e.g. admitting
• Accreditation, regulatory, licensing, and and registration, case
certification programs management/denials, credit and
• Management principles collections)
• Promoting organizational effectiveness • Management and clinical information
• Leadership strategies systems
• Strategic change management • Legal and ethical issues with electronic
• Creating a safe and healthy work environment health records
• Health information exchanges
Quality and Performance Improvement
• Quality assessment programs and procedures Healthcare
• Regulation in health care organizations • Future trends in healthcare
• Continuous quality improvement • Role, structure, and funding of various
• Cost-quality paradigm health care organizations, community
• Work Hours Per Unit of Service (WHPUOS) health services, and public health
• Data-based decision making
• Physician engagement and quality Patient relations
• Patient satisfaction driving change
Law, Ethics, and Professionalism • The relationship between patient
• Government regulations and laws in the satisfaction and reimbursement
healthcare environment • Measuring and improving patient
• Healthcare law versus healthcare ethics satisfaction
• Health insurance regulations
• Application of moral, ethical, and legal
principles
• Root cause analysis
• Protecting patient rights
• Patient safety
• Behavioral health regulations

Human Resources
• Assessing personnel needs
• Recruitment, selection, compensation, and
training
• Personnel evaluation and discipline
• Turnover, satisfaction and burnout

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Advanced Nursing (Back to Top)

Nursing Medical Surgical Fundamentals • Reproductive system

Tutors must be knowledgeable about the fundamentals • Musculoskeletal system
of nursing including nursing roles, settings, health care • Integumentary system
• Cell and body tissue physiology
trends, all body systems and their disorders, emergency
• Fluid and electrolyte balances
and disaster management, and mental health nursing.
• Genetic and hereditary disorders
In particular, tutors should be familiar with nursing care • Inflammation, infection and immune response
in all of the following areas: systems
• Role of the medical-surgical nurse • Oncological diseases
• Nursing practice and interventions • Otolaryngology
• Health and nursing assessments • Ophthalmology
• Diagnostic testing and evaluation
• Care of clients in the following areas: Nursing Pharmacology
o Pain Management • Nursing process in drug therapy
o Altered fluid electrolyte or acid-base • Pharmacologic principles
balance • Principles and practices of administration of
o Trauma and shock medication
o Pre- and post surgery • Drug calculations
o Infections • Dosage calculations
o Altered immunity • Legal and ethical requirements in drug therapy
o Cancer • Life span of pharmaceuticals
o Loss, grief and death • Gene therapy and pharmacogenetics
o Problems with substance abuse • Medication error response and prevention
• Maternal-Child Health (OB) • Essential knowledge of the following drug
• Pediatrics types:
• Psychiatric Nursing o Analgesic drugs
o General and local anesthetics
Nursing Care Plans o Depressants and muscle relaxants
Tutors must be familiar with all aspects of the creation o Stimulants and related drugs
of nursing care plans including: o Antiepileptic drugs
• Assessment o Psychotherapeutic drugs
• Nursing diagnosis o Antiparkinsonian drugs
• Outcomes and Interventions o Adrenergic drugs
• Creating the Nursing Care Plan o Cholinergic drugs
• Documentation o Heart failure drugs
• Implementation of the Nursing Care Plan o Antidysrhythmic drugs
• Evaluation of the Nursing Care Plan o Antianginal drugs
o Antihypertensive drugs
o Diuretic drugs
Nursing Pathophysiology:
o Coagulation modifier drugs
Tutors must be knowledgeable of the following systems
o Antilipemic drugs
and associated disorders:
o Pituitary drugs
• Cardiovascular system o Thyroid and antithyroid drugs
• Circulatory system o Adrenal drugs
• Renal system o Women’s health drugs
• Respiratory system o Men’s Health drugs
• Nervous system o Antihistamines, decongestants and
• Gastrointestinal system antitussives
• Endocrine system

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 Nursing Pharmacology (Cont'd)

o Bronchodilators and other respiratory

drugs
o Antibiotics
o Antiviral drugs
o Antitubercular drugs
o Antifungal drugs
o Antimalarial, antiprotozoal,
anthelmintic drugs
o Anti-inflammatory and antigout drugs
o Immunosuppressants
o Immunizing drugs
o Antineoplastic drugs
o Biologic response drugs
o Acid controlling drugs
o Bowel disorder drugs
o Antiemetic and antinausea drugs
o Anemia drugs
o Dermatologic drugs
o Ophthalmic and otic drugs
o Hormones that regulate calcium and
bone metabolism
o Drugs used in oncologic disorders
o OTC drugs, herbal and dietary
supplements

Use of Healthcare Information and

Technology (HIT)

Nursing Theory

Ethics

Research

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 Basic Nursing (Back to Top)

Systems and Associated Disorders Fundamentals of nursing

• Cardiovascular and circulatory • Nursing roles, settings, and health care
• Endocrine trends
• Excretory
• Gastrointestinal Use of Healthcare Information and Technology
• Immune (HIT)
• Integumentary
• Musculoskeletal Systems and associated disorders seen in all
• Nervous and sensory stages of childhood (newborn, infant, toddler,
• Reproductive preschooler, school-age, and adolescent)
• Respiratory • Cardiovascular system
• Circulatory system
Health Assessments • Excretory system
• Communication with patients and family • Respiratory system
• Diagnostic testing and evaluation • Nervous system
• Physical and developmental assessments • Gastrointestinal system
• Endocrine system
Health Promotion • Reproductive system
• Health promotion for pediatric patients • Musculoskeletal system
• Health promotion for the families of • Integumentary system
pediatric patients • Immune system
• Influences of family on child health • Otolaryngology
promotion • Ophthalmology
• Influences of socioeconomics, culture, and
religion on child health promotion Nursing care as it applies to pediatric patients
• Communication with the patient and
Nursing Care family
• Chronic illness • Pediatric nursing skills
• Cognitive and sensory impairment • Physical and developmental assessments
• Community-based nursing care • Diagnostic testing and evaluation
• Disability • Health promotion for patients in all stages
• End-of-life care of childhood (newborn, infant, toddler,
• Family-centered care preschooler, school-age, and adolescent)
and their families
Interventions • Family, social, cultural, and religious
• Behavioral influences on child health promotion
• Community • Community-based nursing care
• Family • Family-centered care at home and during
• Health System hospitalization
• Physiological • Care of the child and family in the
• Safety following
• contexts:
Professional Performance • Chronic illness
• Advocacy • Disability
• Ethics • Cognitive and sensory impairment
• Evidence-based practice and research • End-of-life care
• Law and regulation

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 Pediatric variations of standard nursing • Altered immunity
practices and interventions • Cancer
• Pain assessment and management
• Altered fluid electrolyte or acid-base Nursing Theory
balance
• Medication administration Ethics
• Trauma and shock
• Pre- and post-surgery
• Infections

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Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing (Back to Top)

Abuse and Neglect • Treatment

• Types of Violence
• Assessment and Physical Exam Therapies
• Nursing Interventions • Modeling
• Operant Conditioning
Eating Disorders • Systematic Desensitization
• Types of Eating Disorders • Aversion Therapy
• Risk Factors and Assessment • Natural Therapies (meditation, relaxation,
• Symptoms and Behaviors deep breathing)
• Diagnosis
• Treatments Suicide
• Risk Factors
Personality Disorders • Assessment
• Types of Personality Disorders • Treatment
• Risk Factors
• Assessment Substance Use and Addictive Disorders
• Symptoms • Substance Abuse Defined
• Treatment • Substance Assessment
• Dependency
Neurocognitive Disorders • Withdrawal
• Types of Neurocognitive Disorders • Common Abusive Substances
• Risk Factors • Treatment
• Nursing Interventions
Psychopharmacological Therapies
Depressive Disorders • Medications for Anxiety
• Types of Depressive Disorders • Medication for Depressive Disorders
• Contributing Factors • Medication for Bipolar Disorder
• Treatment • Medications for Psychotic Disorders
• Medications for Substance Abuse
Psychotic Disorders
• Types of Psychotic Disorders Use of Healthcare Information and Technology
• Contributing Factors (HIT)

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Nutrition & Dietetics (Back to Top)

Overview of Human Nutrition Cultural Dietetics and Nutrition

• Nutritional sources biochemistry • Diet differences around the world
• Metabolism of food types • Teaching nutrition for various
• Nutrition through the ages effect on cultures
longevity • Food Alternatives & Upcycled Foods
• Nutritional needs over a lifespan • Meal planning for Healthcare,
cultural considerations
Professional Nutrition Management
• Dietetics and Nutritional Counseling Holistic Nutrition
• Adult education principles in practice • The Lymphatic Drainage System
• Nutrition in Disease Management • The Lungs
• Nutrition for Athletics • The Digestive System
• FDA, USDA and Non-Profit Agencies • The Liver
• Professional Development as a Nutritionist • The Skin
• Foodbank management • The Skeletal System
• The Muscular System
Dietetics and Nutrition for Healthy Lifestyles • The Cardiovascular System
• Principles of Nutrition for Health • Kidneys and Bladder
• Nutrition concerns before and during • Hormones
pregnancy • Nervous System
• Dietetics to support breast feeding
• Nutritional needs birth to year one Mental Health & Eating Disorders
• Nutritional requirements year one to year 10 • Anorexia nervosa
• Designing nutritional programs for Jr. High • Bulimia nervosa
students • Binge Eating Disorder
• Great nutrition for High School students • Avoidant-restrictive food intake
• Creating Nutritional guidelines for Adults Disorder
• Teaching Adults nutrition choices for health • Purging Disorder
• Supermarket shopping/teaching nutrition • Pica
• Rumination Disorder

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Medical Coding & Billing (Back to Top)
• Anesthesia
• Medicine
• Endocrine system
• Nervous system
• Urinary system
• Integumentary system
• Pathology
• Laboratory
• Hemic and lymphatic system
• Practice management
• Medical terminology
• Radiology
• Musculoskeletal system
• Digestive system
• Evaluation and management
• Respiratory system
• Mediastinum and diaphragm
• Male/female genital system
• Maternity and delivery
• Eye and ocular adnexa
-International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (currently ICD-10-CM)
-International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Procedure Coding System
(currently ICD-10-PCS)
-Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)
-Healthcare Common Procedure Coding Systems (HCPCS)

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Art History and Appreciation (Back to Top)

Art Historical Periods • Textile arts

• Prehistory • Ceramics
• Ancient Near Eastern/Mesopotamia • Printmaking
• Ancient Egyptian • Installation
• Classical - Crete/Greece/Etruria/Rome • Video/Film/Digital
• Late Antique/Medieval (Europe) • Earthworks
• Byzantium/Islam
• Pre-Columbian/South American/North Artistic Movements
American • Impressionism
• African Art and Architecture • Post-Impressionism
• Art of Asia and Oceania • Abstraction/Expressionism
• Renaissance/Baroque/Rococo • Realism
• 19th Century • Neo-Classicism/Romanticism
• 20th Century • Cubism
• Global Modern/Contemporary (since 1950 CE) • Pop Art
• Surrealism/Dada
Formal Elements and Principles of Design • Performance art
• Composition
• Color Theoretical Approaches
• Texture • Feminist
• Value • Psychoanalysis
• Line • Modernism/Post-modernism
• Shape/Form • Queer theory
• Balance • Hermeneutics
• Emphasis • Archaeology of Knowledge
• Unity/Variety • Reader-response theory
• Scale/Proportion • Marxist
• Rhythm • Formalism/Semiotics
• Time/Motion • Post-Colonial
• Structuralism/Post-structuralism
Artistic Devices • Deconstruction
• Chiaroscuro
• Tenebrism Art Terms
• Linear Perspective • Sublime
• Composite view/twisted perspective • Miniature
• Hierarchy of scale • Portrait
• Calligraphy • Decorative arts
• Trompe l’oeil • Academy/Salon
• Foreshortening • Aesthetics
• Impasto • Narrative
• Plein-air painting • Still-life
• Memento mori • Avant-garde
• Genre painting
Artistic Media • Iconography
• Drawing • Landscape
• Painting (tempera/oil/watercolor/fresco) • Symbol
• Collage • Naturalism
• Sculpture • Vanishing point
• Mosaic • History painting
• Photography

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 Secondary (9-12) English (Back to Top)

• Active and Passive Voice • Oral Communication

• Argument • Organizational Features of Text
• Concision and Wordiness Revisions • Parts of Speech
• Descriptive Essays • Persuasion
• Exposition • Plays and Theater
• Expository essays (cause/effect, • Point of View
compare/contrast, descriptive, • Prefixes/suffixes
problem/solution) • Presenting Media
• Expression through writing and • Prose and Poetry
presenting • Punctuation and Capitalization
• Figures of Speech • Reading Comprehension
• Functional Texts • Research Skills
• Genres of Writing • Rhetorical analysis
• Grammar • Sources and Documentation
• Literary Analysis (APA/MLA/Chicago/Turabian)
• Literary Criticism • Summarization
• Literary Devices • Types of sentences (simple, compound,
• Literary Periods complex, compound-complex)
• Literary Themes • Viewing Media
• Logical Development of Ideas • Visual Communication
• Multimedia Communication • Vocabulary/Context Clues
• Narrative Essays

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 Literature (Back to Top)

Literary Periods and Movements Prose Fiction

• Medieval Literature • Short stories
• Renaissance Literature • Novellas
• The Enlightenment • Novels
• Romanticism • World Fiction Traditions
• Transcendentalism
• Victorian Literature Poetry
• Realism • Epic
• Naturalism • Elegy
• Modernism • Ballad
• Post Modernism • Lyric
• Existentialism • Sonnet Italian / English
• Post-Colonial Literature • Prosody: Rhyme / Meter
/ Rhythm / Stanza
Literary Criticism • World Poetry Traditions
• Formalism
• Historical Criticism and New Historicism Literary Elements
• Feminist and Gender Criticism • Character Types /
• Psychological/Sociological Criticism Development
• Reader Response Criticism • Plot Structure
• Structuralism/ Deconstruction • Theme
• Mythological Criticism • Narrative Point of View:
• Marxist Criticism First, Second, Third
Person
Prose Nonfiction • Setting: Geographic,
• Essay Historical, Socio-
• Biography Economic
• Creative Nonfiction • Versification

Dramatic Elements/Genres Literary Devices

• Drama: Tragedy / Comedy / Tragicomedy / Heroic • Symbolism/ Metaphor/
• Classical Drama Simile
• Medieval Mystery/Miracle Plays • Hyperbole and
• Renaissance Theater Synecdoche
• Comedy of Manners/Farce/Satire • Allegory
• World Drama Traditions • Irony: Verbal / Dramatic
• Figurative Language:
Imagery
• Mimesis/ Metonymy

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Essay Writing (Back to Top)

Types of Writing
• Literary Analysis
• Personal Essays
• Compare/Contrast Essays
• Explanatory Essays
• College Application Essays
• Creative Writing
• Letters, Memos, and Emails

Thesis Statements
• Argument/Persuasion
• Descriptive
• Expository
• Narrative

Idea Development
• Synthesis of Ideas
• Supporting Ideas with Evidence
• Expanding Ideas
• Showing Instead of Telling

Essay Structure
• 5-Paragraph Essays
• Topic Sentences
• Body Paragraph Structure
• Transitions
• Introductions
• Conclusions

Source Documentation
• Academic Integrity
• Using Sources Effectively
• MLA Format
• APA Format

Grammar/Mechanics
• Grammar
• Punctuation
• Spelling
• Academic Tone
• Avoiding Wordiness & Redundancy

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 College English (Back to Top)

Grammar Tone
• Parts of Speech • Formality
• Sentence Structure • Word Choice
• Ending Strategies • Clarity
• Consistent Tense • Academic Expression
• Subject-Verb Agreement • Point of View
• Noun-Pronoun Agreement • Bias
• Active vs. Passive Voice
Mechanics and Usage
• Punctuation Vocabulary
• Spelling • Synonyms/Antonyms
• Capitalization • Academic Word Choice
• Homophones
• Comma-splices
• Run-ons
• Incomplete Sentences

Reading
• Evaluating Sources
• Summary/Paraphrase
• Analyzing Texts
• Literary Devices

Source Documentation
• APA (American Psychological Association)
• MLA (Modern Language Association)
• Chicago/Turabian

Style
• Varied Sentence Structure
• Qualifiers
• Positive Form
• Concrete Language
• Concise Writing

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College Essay Writing (Back to Top)

NOTE: Tutors wishing to tutor College Essay Writing are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this
list in addition to the College English list.

Reading
• Literary Devices
• Comprehension
• Summary/Paraphrase

Source Documentation
• APA/MLA/Turabian-Chicago
• Evaluating Sources
• Integrating Sources

Modes of Persuasion
• Logical Fallacies
• Argument Types (Toulmin, Rogerian, Classical/Aristotelian)

Writing Process
• Prewriting Strategies
• Thesis Statement
• Organizational Structure
• Grammar and Mechanics

Writing Purpose
• Analysis
• Narrative
• Persuasive
• Work-Related
• Speech Writing

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Doctoral Writing (Back to Top)

Proofreading
• Spelling, punctuation, capitalization

Copy Editing
• Grammar
• Syntax
• Consistency of terms

Formatting
• Reference page
• Citations
• Headings
• Auditing references and citations
• Table of Contents
• Headers and footers
• Appendix, tables, and figures
• Spacing
• Pagination

Scholarly Writing
• Concise language
• Sentence structure
• Transitions between paragraphs
• Organization of thoughts and sections
• Flow
• Academic Tone

Argument
• Clarity of ideas
• Non-biased, logical argument
• Alignment of argument throughout the manuscript

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Primary (K-2) Reading (Back to Top)

Vocabulary & Word Recognition

• Phonemic awareness
• Root words and affixes
• High-frequency words
• Syllabication patterns
• Context clues

Comprehension
• Main idea and supporting details
• Central message, lesson, or moral
• Making predictions
• Questioning

Text Structure
• Setting
• Characterization
• Plot
• Compare and contrast
• Order and sequence

Author's Craft
• Point of view
• Author and illustrator role
• Illustrations' relationship to the text
• Author's purpose

Recognizing Text
• Fiction
• Non-fiction
• Poetry

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Midlevel (7-8) ELA (Back to Top)

Vocabulary Application
• Figurative language
• Connotative language
• Vocabulary in isolation
• Vocabulary in context

Comprehension
• Analyzing
• Synthesizing
• Making inferences and interpretations
• Identifying biases
• Citing textual evidence
• Evaluating claims

Text Structure
• Plot development
• Order and sequence
• Compare and contrast
• Cause and effect
• Poetry and drama structure

Author's Craft
• Theme
• Central ideas
• Point of view
• Tone and mood
• Literary devices

Understanding Genres
• Poetry
• Drama
• Fictional narrative
• Informational texts
• Non-fiction
• Film vs audio vs text

Writing
• Research
• Narrative
• Informative/Explanatory
• Argument

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Elementary (3-6) ELA (Back to Top)

Vocabulary Acquisition
• Context clues
• Root words and affixes
• Figures of speech
• Phonemic Awareness
• Consulting dictionaries and thesauruses

Comprehension
• Analyzing
• Synthesizing
• Making predictions and inferences
• Summarizing
• Main idea and supporting details

Text Structure
• Compare and contrast
• Characterization
• Setting
• Plot
• Cause and effect
• Problem/Solution
• Order and sequence

Author's Craft
• Theme
• Point of view
• Tone and mood
• Author's purpose
• Literary devices

Understanding Genres
• Poetry
• Drama
• Fictional narrative
• Informational texts
• Non-fiction

Writing
• Research
• Narrative
• Informative/Explanatory
• Argument
• Opinion

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Primary ELL (Back to Top)

Use of English Speaking

• Articles • Daily communication
• Comparisons and Superlatives • Differences between English pronunciation
• Conditionals and spelling
• Contractions • Idioms
• Countable and uncountable nouns • Presentations
• Determiners • Phonemic awareness
• Indirect speech
• Participial adjectives Listening
• Passive and active voice • Identifying main ideas vs. details
• Passive causatives • Listening comprehension strategies
• Phrase usage • Processing contextual audio
• Prepositions • Visual organizers
• Pronouns
• Relative clauses Reading
• Tag questions • Analysis of figurative language
• Time expressions • Concepts of print
• Uses of gerunds and infinitives • High-frequency sight words
• Using dictionaries • Reading comprehension strategies
• Verbs • Phonics as used in Primary ELL
• Vocabulary • Rhyme
• Word form • Segmenting
• Visual organizers
Writing
• Conventions of standard written English Pedagogy of ELL
syntax • Concept of communicative competence
• Linking words and text organizers • Differences among languages
• Essay structure and development • Error correction strategies
• Parallel structure • Literacy learning strategies
• Research skills
• Spelling
• Stages of the writing process

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ELL (Back to Top)

Grammar and mechanics • Listening for gist/main idea vs details

• Capitalization rules • Note-taking while listening
• Determiners • Processing academic lectures, presentations, etc.
• Direct and indirect speech • Reviewing vocabulary/content concepts in
• Grammatical moods preparation
• Modifier placement • Using visual organizers
• Noun-pronoun agreement
• Parts of speech (types and usage) Writing
• Punctuation rules • Academic writing style
• Sentence diagraming • Active vs passive voice
• Sentence structure variations • Citing Sources (MLA, APA, Chicago/Turabian)
• Sentence types • Combining sentences: subordination and
• Spelling coordination
• Subject-verb agreement • Conciseness vs wordiness
• Consistency in point of view
Building vocabulary • Consistency in verb tense, mood, voice
• Academic vocabulary • Creating cohesive paragraphs
• Cognates • Essay structure and development
• Contextual vocabulary activities • Formal and informal writing
• Conversational (social) vocabulary • Parallel structure in sentences
• Homonyms, homophones, and homographs • Paraphrasing, summarizing, quoting
• Idioms • Research skills
• Inferring word meaning through context • Run-ons, comma splices, sentence fragments
• Root words and affixes • Transitional words and phrases
• Semantic mapping/graphic organizers • Types of essays
• Synonyms vs antonyms
• Using a dictionary Speaking
• Conversational and academic English
Reading comprehension • Pronunciation and speaking practice strategies
• Analysis of figurative language • Speeches and oral presentations
• Comparing and contrasting • Strategies to overcome speaking anxiety
• Distinguishing between fact and opinion
• Drawing conclusions Pedagogy
• Evaluating sources • Knowledge of stages of proficiency for ELL
• Identifying main ideas vs details students
• Inferring meaning through context • Listening and responding to student feedback
• Note-taking while reading • Using sheltered instruction strategies
• Predicting content/previewing • Speaking slowly and increasing wait time for
• Sequencing responses
• Summarizing • Using culturally responsive approaches
• Types of text (key components) • Using effective language modeling
• Using visual organizers (story maps, diagrams, etc.) • Using multiple modalities to increase
understanding
Listening Comprehension • Using scaffolding techniques
• Identifying language signposts while listening
• Inferring word meaning through context while
listening

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Symbolic Logic (Back to Top)

Inferences and Arguments (Premises and • Natural deduction in propositional logic

Conclusions) • Rules of implication and replacement
• Recognition of argument • Proving logical truths
• Validity • Predicate Logic
• Soundness • Symbols and translation
• Contingency • Change of Quantifier
• Factual Statements • Relational and Overlapping Quantifiers
• Invalidity • Translations in monadic predicate logic
• Form versus Content • Translations in polyadic predicate logic
• Statements and Propositions • Complex predicates
• Deductive versus inductive logic • Wide-scope quantifiers
• Sentential logic • Derivations in predicate logic
• Terms, predicates, variables, and pronouns • Symbolizing the statement form
• Compound formals • Logic Truth Trees
• Necessary versus sufficient conditions • Propositional Logic
• Statement connectives • Predicate Logic
• Truth-functional derivations

Categorical Propositions
• Components of a Categorical Proposition
• Venn diagrams and the square of opposition
• Aristotelian versus Boolean logic

Categorical Syllogisms
• Standard form, mood, and figure
• Venn diagrams applied to syllogisms
• Rules
• Fallacies of Relevance
• Fallacies of Ambiguity

Propositional Logic
• Symbols and translation
• Truth functions
• Truth tables
• Tautology, contradiction, contingency, and
replacement
• Complex truth-functional formals
• If statements versus Only if statements
• Symbolizing the statement form

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Introduction to Criminal Justice (Back to Top)

• Ethical Issues in Justice and Security

• Criminological Theory
• Information Technology
• Policy Issues
• Physical and Personal Protection
• Response Planning and Crisis Management
• Weapons and Personal Protective Equipment
• Management of Criminal Justice Organizations
• Victimology
• Critical Incident Planning and Preparedness
• Governmental Regulation of Policing Policies
• Forensic Science

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Introduction to Ethics (Back to Top)

Normative Ethical Theories Key Ethical Terms

• Egoism • Autonomy
• Consequentialism • Free Will and Determinism
• Deontological Ethics • Sympathy and Empathy
• Obligatory and Super obligatory Actions • Good and Evil
• Hedonism • Happiness
• Stoic Ethics • Pleasure and Pain
• Pragmatic Ethics • Normative
• Virtue Ethics • Justice
• Existentialism/Radical Freedom
• Feminist Ethics Key Ethical Thought Experiments
• Trolley Problem
Metaethics • Veil of Ignorance
• Moral Realism and Anti-Realism • Utility Monster
• Naturalism and Non-Naturalism • Experience Machine
• Cognitivism and Non-Cognitivism • Violinist
• Objectivism and Subjectivism • Ring of Gyges
• Divine Command Theory (Theological • Drowning Child
Voluntarism) • Organ Transplant
• Error Theory
• Is-Ought Gap Key Ethical Philosophers
• Moral Relativism • Plato
• Aristotle
Applied Ethics • Thomas Aquinas
• Bioethics • Immanuel Kant
• Business Ethics • John Stuart Mill
• Animal Ethics • Peter Singer
• Religious Ethics • Derek Parfit
• Political Ethics • John Rawls
• Sexual Ethics • Robert Nozick
• Environmental Ethics • Philippa Foot
• Social Justice • Judith Butler

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Introduction to Philosophy (Back to Top)

Ancient Philosophy
• Greek (Thales, Pythagoras, Zeno of Elea, Skeptics, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle)
• Hellenistic Philosophy (Epicurus, Stoicism)
• Philosophy & religion (Saint Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Anselm of Canterbury)

Early Modern Philosophy

• The Renaissance (Humanism, Machiavelli, Hobbes)
• Descartes (Doubt & Existence, Mind & Body)
• Locke (Origin of ideas, British Moralists)
• Hume (Empiricism, Scientific Methods, Skepticism)

Recent Modern Philosophy

• The Enlightenment
• Kant (Ethics, Philosophy of Mind, Moral Philosophy)
• Idealism (Transcendental Ego, Objective Reality)
• Utilitarianism (John Stuart Mill, Women's Rights, Individual Liberty)

Contemporary Philosophy
• Phenomenology
• Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Nietzsche)
• Pragmatism (Charles Sanders Pierce, William James, John Dewey)
• Post Modernism
• Ludwig Wittgenstein (Analysis of Language)

Eastern Philosophy
• Buddha
• Daoism
• Confucius

Branches and Foundations in Philosophy

• Metaphysics (Ontology, Mind, Spirit)
• Epistemology (Agnotology, Alethiology, Truth, Belief, Validity)
• Axiology (Value Theory)
• Ethics
• Aesthetics
• Logic & Reasoning (Critical thinking, Deductive, Inductive, Syllogism, Formal, Informal)
• Applied Philosophy (Law, Education, Math, Religion, Science, Engineering)
• Metatheory
• Schools & Traditions
• Social Philosophy (Feminism, Politics, Language)

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Introduction to Psychology (Back to Top)

History and Research Developmental

• Approaches/schools of psychology • Types of development
• Research approaches • Gender, sex, and sexuality
• Ethics in research, clinical and applied • Heredity and environment
psychology • Lifespan: prenatal through geriatric
• Developmental research methods
Biopsychology
• Physiological research techniques Personality
• Nervous system – functional organization • Assessment: measuring personality
• Neurons, electrical and chemical signaling • Theories of personality
• Neuroanatomy • Self-concept and self-esteem
• Endocrine system
• Animal models in psychology, evolution Psychological disorders
• Genetics • Defining “normality” and “abnormality”
• Neuroplasticity • Anxiety disorders
• Dissociative disorders
Sensation and Perception • Mood disorders
• Sensory systems & receptors • Neurocognitive disorders
• Attention • Personality disorders
• Perceptual processes • Psychoses
• Psychophysical mechanisms • Somatoform disorders
• Health, stress, coping
Consciousness
• Sleep and dreaming Treatment
• Sleep and dreaming • Psychological therapies
• Meditation • Medical therapies, psychopharmacology
• Psychoactive drugs and consciousness • Community psychology

Conditioning and Learning Social psychology

• Biological (neural) basis for learning • Aggression & antisocial behavior
• Classical conditioning • Attitudes, attitude change
• Operant conditioning • Attribution processes
• Observational learning • Conformity, compliance & obedience
• Cognitive processes in learning • Group dynamics
• Constructivism • Interpersonal perception
• Social learning, Implicit learning • Cultural influences

Cognition Statistics, tests, measurement

• Memory • Descriptive & inferential statistics
• Language (definitions)
• Thinking • Measurement, operational definitions
• Problem solving • Reliability and validity
• Intelligence • Samples, populations, standardization &
norms
Motivation, emotion
• Biological basis
• Social motivation
• Theories of emotion
• Stress

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Cultural Anthropology (Back to Top)

Cultural Anthropology
• Subdisciplines of Anthropology
• Culture
• Method and Theory
• Applied Anthropology

Language and Art

• Communication and Language
• Art and Media

Ethnicity, Gender and Religion

• Race and Ethnicity
• Gender and Sexuality
• Religion

Politics and Economics

• Subsistence
• Political Arrangements

Kinship and Marriage

• Kinship
• Marriage

Global Perspective
• Colonialism and Global Systems
• Trade
• Ecology
• Current Issues

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Political Science (Back to Top)

American Politics Methodology in Political Science

• Structure of Federal and Local • Research Design
Governments • Research Ethics
• Civil Rights and Liberties • Qualitative Method
• Political Behavior and Culture • Quantitative Method
• Communication and Political • Statistical Inference
Strategies • Data Collection and
• Homeland Security Interpretation
• Current Political Issues
• Institutions Political Thoughts
• The Meaning of Politics
Comparative Politics • Freedom and Social Contract
• The Modern State • Power, War and Conflicts
• Identity • Justice and Law
• Regimes and Governing • Individual v. Collective Rights
Institutions • Political Culture and Behavior
• Participation and Representation
• Political Economy Public Policy
• Conflicts and Violence • Contexts of Public Policy
• Intercultural Awareness • Economic Issues
• Environmental Policies
International Relations • Criminal Justice
• Realist Theories • Morality and the Role of
• Liberal and Social Theories Religion
• Globalization and Global • Social Policies
Citizenship • Defense Policies Subdisciplines
• Violence, Terrorism and of Anthropology
Counter-Terrorism
• International Organizations and
Law
• Foreign Policy
• International Security and
Military Strategies
• Geopolitics and Human
Geography

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 Research Methods (Back to Top)

Scientific Method Qualitative research

• Cause and effect • Naturalistic observation
• Research hypotheses • Case study
• Testability • Focus groups
Developing research ideas • Coding and categorizing
• Defining and using constructs Small-N and single-subject designs
• Theories, models, and hypotheses • Phases and phase changes
• Pilot research • Reversal designs
Literature searches • Multiple baseline designs
• Conducting a literature search • Evaluating single-subject research
• Evaluating quality of sources Quantitative research and Experimental Design
• Peer review • Independent variables
• Reading journal articles • Dependent variables and measurement
Research ethics choices
• Belmont report • Control
• Deception • Counterbalancing
• Institutional Review Boards and human- • Extraneous variables
subjects research • Confounding variables
• Animal Care and Use Committees and • Group selection
non-human subjects • One factor, two or more groups
Bias • Factorial designs
• Experimenter bias • Interaction
• Participant bias • Sample size and power
• Research and Culture Evaluating Research
Sampling • Hypothesis testing
• Populations and samples • Appropriate statistical tests for
• Probability sampling methods experimental design
• Nonprobability sampling • Interpreting statistical results
• Sampling Error • Effect size
Validity and Reliability • Drawing conclusions
• Internal validity • Generalizability
• External validity • Causality
• Threats to validity
• Measurement
• Inter-rater reliability
Non-Experimental & Quasi-Experimental
Research
• Correlational studies
• Pre-Post, time-series, and longitudinal
designs
• Quasi-independent variables
• Ex Post Facto research
• Survey construction and administration
• Likert scale questions
• Tests, Inventories, and self-report

Tutors should be familiar with parametric and nonparametric hypothesis tests included in the
College Statistics subject.

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Introduction to Sociology (Back to Top)

History and Theory Race/Ethnicity (Cont'd)

• Purpose of Sociology • Inequalities
• Sociological Imagination • Dominant Group
• Structural Functionalism • Minority Group(s)
• Conflict Theory • Discrimination, Prejudice, Racism
• Symbolic Interactionism • Homogeneity and Heterogeneity
• Social Exchange Theory Gender/Sex
• Ethnomethodology • Biological Traits
• Individual and Society • Gender Norms
• Social Context of Time, Place, and Location • Gender Orders
• Macro- and Micro- Approaches • Masculinity/Femininity
Theories of Self • Personal Identity
• Socialization and the Self • Feminism
• Looking Glass • Heterosexism
• "I" and "Me" Sexuality
• Dramaturgy • Sexual Attraction
• Status • Relationship with Sex and Gender
• Role Conflict, Strain, Performance, and • Non-binary sexuality
Expectation • Sexual Harassment
• Emotions • Homophobia
Culture and Society Social Institutions and the Family
• Norms, Customs, Traditions, Values, Symbols, • Education
and Language • Schooling and Social Class
• Ethnocentrism • Types of Families
• Cultural Relativism • Nuclear/Extended
• Group Behavior • Types of Marriage
• Power • Religion
• Authority • Protestant Work Ethic
• Leadership • Religious Organization - Denominations, Cult,
Social Class Church, Sect
• Class Systems • Types of Politics
• Inequality • Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism
• Income and Wealth • Demography
• Subcultures • Deindustrialization
• Labor Market • Migration
• Division of Labor • Health
• Economic Systems • Morbidity and Mortality
• Privilege and Oppression Social Change
• Social Mobility • Social Change and Dilemmas
Deviance and Social Control • Threat to Social Order
• Deviance • Group Reluctance
• Labelling • Social Change and Movements
• Misdemeanor and Felony Research Methods
• Group Dynamics • Qualitative Methods
• Criminal Justice, Punishment • Quantitative Methods
• Social Control • Mixed Methods
• Stigma • Independent and Dependent Variables
Race/Ethnicity • Mean/Median/Mode
• Common Culture • Sample
• Shared Experience • Hypothesis
• Divisions

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Introductory Accounting (Back to Top)

Financial Reporting and Accounting Cycle Accounting for Corporations

• Accrual vs. cash accounting • Entries for stock
• Accounting equation • Entries for dividends
• Worksheets and t-accounts • Stock splits
• General Ledgers • Financial ratio analysis
• Trial Balances • Treasury stock
• Adjusting Entries
• Financial Statement Preparation (including Accounting for Investments
direct/indirect statement of cash flows) • Accounting for investments in stocks (purchase,
• Closing Entries sale, equity method, fair value method, etc.)
• Accounting for investments in bonds
Accounting for Service and Merchandising
Companies Bonds Payable
• Journal Entries • Accounting for bonds
• Single Step vs. Multi-step income statements • TVM Analysis for bonds
• Perpetual vs. periodic • Amortization & amortization tables
• LIFO, FIFO, & weighted average & specific
identification Payroll and Taxes
• Accounting for uncollectible accounts • Accounting for taxes
(allowance method vs. direct write off method) • Accounting for payroll
• Notes receivables
Liabilities
Internal Controls & Cash • Current Liabilities
• Objectives and Elements of internal control • Longterm
• Bank reconciliations Liabilities
• Petty cash • Contingencies

Accounting for Property, Plant, and Managerial Accounting

Equipment • Job order costing
• Entries for PPE purchases • Process costing
• Entries for PPE sales/disposal • Activity-based costing
• Depreciation (straight-line, double-declining- • Cost-volume-profit analysis
balance, units-of-production) • Variable vs. absorption costing
• Intangible Assets • Budgets
• Natural Resources
Planning, control, and performance evaluation
Accounting for Partnerships • Differential analysis
• Forming a partnership • Capital investment decisions
• Income allocation
• Partner admission/withdrawal
• Partnership liquidation

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Intermediate Accounting (Back to Top)

Accounting Cycle, Financial Statements, & Conceptual Framework Debt

• Accrual vs. Cash • Bond Pricing
• Adjusting Entries • Bond Issues and Retirements
• Extraordinary Items • Notes Payable
• Financial Statement Presentation/Disclosures
• Conceptual Framework Equity
• Closing entries • Issuance of Capital Stock
• General Ledgers • Treasury Stock Transactions
• Trial Balances • Cash and Stock Dividends
• Accounting equation
• Accounting for Share-Based Compensation
• Worksheets and T-accounts
Investment in Debt and Equity Securities
Statement of Cash Flows
• Indirect Method • Classification of Investment Securities
• Direct Method • Revenue Recognition from Investment Securities
• Investing and Financing Cash Flows • Accounting for Change in Value of Securities
• Sale of Securities
Time Value of Money Leases
• PV and FV of Lump Sump • Lease Classification Criteria
• PV and FV of Annuities • Accounting for Capital Leases
• Deferred Annuities • Accounting for Operating Leases

Revenue Recognition Issues Income Taxes

• Revenue Recognition Criteria • Calculating Deferred Assets and Liabilities
• Revenue from Long Term Contracts • Carryback and Carryforward of Operating Losses
• Revenue from Installment Sales • Permanent vs Temporary Differences
• Revenue from Multi-Component Sales • Conceptual Issues
• Performance Obligations
EPS & Advanced Statement Analysis
Revenue, Receivables, and Cash Cycle
• Basic or Diluted EPS
• Sales Adjustments (discounts, returns, allowances)
• Comparative ratio interpretation
• Single Step vs. Multi-step income statements
• Notes Receivable
• Sale of Receivables Special Issues: Pensions, Contingencies, Errors, Accounting
• Cash and Cash Equivalents Changes
• Estimating Uncollectible Receivables and Net Realizable • Pensions
Value • Contingencies
• Changes in Accounting Principle
Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold • Changes in Accounting Estimate
• Perpetual vs. Periodic Inventory Systems • Error Corrections
• Inventory Valuation Methods
• Lower of Cost or Market Managerial Accounting
• Special Issues: In Transit, Consignment, Purchase • Job order costing
Adjustments • Process costing
• Activity-based costing
Noncurrent Operating Assets
• Cost-volume-profit analysis
• Establishing Asset Cost
• Variable vs. absorption costing
• Valuation of Assets/Impairment
Budgets
• Depreciation and Amortization Methods
• Retirement, Sale, or Exchange of Assets
Internal Controls & Cash
Accounting for Partnerships • Objectives and Elements of internal control
• Forming a partnership • Bank reconciliations
• Income allocation • Petty cash
• Partner admission/withdrawal
• Partnership liquidation

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Cost Accounting (Back to Top)

• Activity Based Costing

• Budgetary Planning and Control
• Capital Budgeting
• Capital Structure
• Cost & Revenue concepts
• Cost-Volume-Profit
• Incremental Analysis
• Inventory Valuation
• Job Order Costing
• Manufacturing inventories
• Motivating Employees to Perform
• Process Costing
• Product costs v. period costs
• Ratio Analysis
• Transfer Pricing
• Working Capital Management
• Joint Cost Allocation
• Differential Analysis
• Lean Manufacturing
• Balanced Scorecard

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Managerial Accounting (Back to Top)

• Budgetary Planning and Control

• Activity Based Costing
• Capital Budgeting
• Capital Structure
• Cost & Revenue concepts
• Cost-Volume-Profit
• Incremental Analysis
• Job Order Costing
• Manufacturing inventories
• Motivating Employees to Perform
• Process Costing
• Product costs v. period costs
• Ratio Analysis
• Transfer Pricing
• Working Capital Management
• Joint Cost Allocation
• Differential Analysis
• Lean Manufacturing
• Balanced Scorecard

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Tax Accounting (Back to Top)

• 1120
• Business Income and Deductions
• Compensation
• Corporate Formation, Reorganization, and Liquidation
• Corporate Operations
• Corporation: Nonliquidating Distributions
• Dispositions of Partnership Interests
• Entities Overview
• Forming and Operating Non-Profits
• Forming and Operating Partnerships
• Income and Exclusions
• Individual Deductions
• Individual Income Tax
• Individual Income Tax Computation and Tax Credits
• Intro to Tax
• Investments
• Property Acquisition and Cost Recovery
• Property Dispositions
• Retirement Savings and Deferred Compensation
• S Corporations
• State and Local Taxes
• Tax Compliance
• Tax Consequences of Home Ownership
• Tax Planning
• Transfer Taxes and Wealth Planning
• U.S. Taxation of Multinational Transactions

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Auditing (Back to Top)
Audit Reports
• Types of Audit Reports and Audit Opinions
• Components of an Audit Report

Quality Control Standards

• Elements of a System of Quality Control
• Acceptance and Continuance of Client Relationships
• Evaluating and Communicating Deficiencies
• Documentation of the system of internal control

Audit Risk and Analytical Procedures

• Materiality and Risk
• Audit Risk Model
• Internal Control and Control Risk
• Inherent Risk
• Planned Detection Risk
• Analytical Review Techniques

Professional Ethics and Legal Liability

• Auditor selection, compensation and termination
• Auditor vs Client responsibility for auditing statements
• Rights and Responsibilities of Auditors

Audit Evidence
• Types of Audit Evidence
• Procedures for Obtaining Evidence
• Sources of Substantive Audit Evidence

Fraud
• Types of Fraud
• Assessing the Risk of Fraud
• Responsibilities When Fraud is Suspected

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Introductory Economics (Back to Top)

Intro Microeconomics Game Theory

Basic Supply and Demand (Algebra-Based) • Nash Equilibrium
• The Demand Curve and Quantity Demanded • Prisoners’ Dilemma
• The Supply Curve and Quantity Supplied • Application to Oligopoly and Competition
• Equilibrium and Market Demand Behavioral Economics
• Shortages, Surpluses, and Subsidies • Market Efficiency, Market Inefficiency, and
• Taxes, Regulations, Price Controls, Price Market
Ceilings, • Failure
o and Price Floors • Positive Externalities, Negative Externalities,
• Consumer Surplus and Producer Surplus and
• Deadweight Loss • Solutions for Externalities
• Income Effect and Substitution Effect
Behavioral Economics (Cont'd)
Production Possibilities Frontier (Algebra-Based) • Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard
• Opportunity Cost • Public Goods and Private Goods
• Comparative Advantage and Absolute • The Tragedy of the Commons and the Coase
Advantage • Theorem
• Gains and Losses from Trade
• Marginal Rate of Substitution Introduction to the Labor Market
• Supply of and Demand for Labor
Consumer Theory (Algebra-Based) • Marginal Product of Labor
• Price Elasticity of Demand • Types of Wages
• Cross-Price Elasticity • Tournament Theory
• Price Elasticity of Supply
• Consumer Utility and Marginal Utility Intro Macroeconomics
National Economic Models and Growth Theories
Monopoly and Oligopoly Behavior (Algebra-Based) • Classical and Neoclassical Economic Models
• Monopoly Structure and Power • Keynesian and New Keynesian Economic
• Monopoly Price Determination and Monopoly Models
Marginal Revenue • Business Cycles and Shocks to Aggregate
• Monopoly Deadweight Loss and Inefficiency Demand
• Price Discrimination • Classical Growth Models
• Monopolistic Competition • Solow-Swan Growth Model
• Economies of Scale
• Oligopoly Structure and Power National Accounts, Price Indices, and the Circular
• Cartels, Cheating, and Breakdown of Cartels Flow of Expenditures
• Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic
Perfect Competition and Managerial Economics • Income
(Algebra-Based) • Gross National Product and Gross National
• Profit Maximization Income
• Short-Run Costs and Lost-Run Costs • GDP Cycles, Real GDP, and Nominal GDP
• Marginal Cost, Average Cost, Fixed Costs, • Economic Growth and Loss
Variable • GDP Deflator
• Costs, and Total Cost • Consumer Price Indices
• Marginal Profit, Average Profit, and Total Profit • CPI Deflator
• Industry Supply and Demand Curves
• Uncertainty and Sunk Costs National Investment and Savings
• Marginal Propensity to Consume
• Marginal Propensity to Save

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 • The Multipliers • Introduction to Savings, Investment, and
National Labor Market and Labor Force Finance
Participation • The Market for Loanable Funds
• Supply of and Demand for Labor • Supply of and Demand for Money
• National Labor Market Equilibrium • The Role of Intermediaries and Types of
• Causes and Types of Unemployment • Investments
• Labor Force Participation Rates • Stocks, Bonds, and Returns on Investment
• Full Employment Output • Simple and Compound Interest

Fiscal Policy, Taxation, and Federal Spending Economic Ethics and Public Policy
• Income Taxes and Corporate Income Taxes • Cultural Goods, Paternalism, and Exploitation
• Balanced Budgets and Government Debt • Fair and Equal Treatment
• Transfer Payments and Federal Spending
• Insurance and Welfare Economic Ethics and Public Policy (Cont’d)
• Immigration and Meddlesome Preferences
Monetary Policy and National Banking • Poverty, Inequality, and Distribution of Income
• Fractional Reserve Banking System and • Special Interest Groups
Reserve
• Ratios Political Economy
• The Power, Functions, and Tools of the Federal • Democracy, Growth, and Famine
• Reserve • Median Voter Theorem
• Rational Ignorance and Voter Myopia
Monetary Policy and National Banking (Cont’d) • Political Business Cycles
• Levels of the Money Supply
• Positive and Negative Shocks to the Money International Economics
Supply • Balance of Payments
• Imports, Exports, and Trade Balance Behavior
Inflation and Quantity Theory of Money • Tariffs and Protectionism
• Types and Causes of Inflation • Types of Exchange Rates
• The Phillips Curve • Currency Speculation
• Quantity Theory of Money

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Intermediate Macroeconomics (Back to Top)

Capital, Investment, and Market for Loanable Funds* • Causes and Types of Unemployment
• Changes in and Factors of Capital Stock: Tobin’s Q • Labor Force Participation Rates
• Cost of Capital and the Demand for Investment • Full Employment Output
• The Market for Loanable Funds • Labor/Leisure Choice
• Keynesian Cross • Productivity Shocks
• Marginal Product of Capital • Reservation Wages and Wage Determination
• Types of Interest Rates Aggregate Supply and Demand*
National Consumption and National Savings* • The AS-AD Model
• Budget Constraints and Consumption Functions • Aggregate Demand and Long Run Aggregate
• Income Shocks and Intertemporal Choice • Supply
• Measuring National Savings • Shifting Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
• The Marginal Propensity to Consume, the Marginal • and the AS-AD Equilibrium
• Propensity to Consume, and the Multipliers • The IS-LM Model
National Economic Models and Growth Theories* • Shifting the IS-LM Curves and the IS-LM
• Classical and Neoclassical Economic Models Equilibrium
• Savings and Investment Economic Models Inflation, Quantity Theory of Money, and Theory of
• Consumption and Savings Economic Models Liquidity
• Keynesian and New Keynesian Economic Models • Causes and Types of Inflation
• Business Cycles • Inflation and Unemployment: The Phillips Curve
• Fischer Economic Models • Quantity Theory of Money
• Stylized Facts • Velocity of Money
• Classical Growth Models • Levels of the Money Supply
• Endogenous Growth Model • Positive and Negative Shocks to the Money Supply
• Solow-Swan Growth Model • Theory of Liquidity
Endowment and Production Economies Monetary Policy and National Banking
• Production Economy Model and Production • National Banking Systems, Tools, Federal Reserve
• Economy Problems • The Role and Structure of Intermediaries
• Effects of Change in Production Economies • The Fisher Effect and the Laffer Curve
• Production Equilibrium • The Supply of and Demand for Money
• Endowment Economy Model and Endowment • Money Neutrality, Money Non-Neutrality, and
Economy Problems • Monetary Equilibrium
• Endowment Equilibrium • Rational and Irrational Expectations
Fiscal Policy and Government Debt • Welfare Improving Stabilization Policy
• Balanced Budgets, Tax Smoothing, Stabilization • Currency Printing and Seigniorage
• Policies • Ex Ante Outcomes, Ex Post Outcomes, Multiple
• Government Deficits and Government Spending • Equilibria, and Animal Spirits
• Government Transfer and Taxation Policies
• Traditional View of Government Debt International Economics
• Ricardian Debt and Ricardian Equivalence Theorem • Imports, Exports, and Trade Policies
National Accounts, Price Indices, and the Circular Flow • Trade Balance Behavior
of Expenditures • Foreign Exchange Markets/Foreign Exchange Rates
• Gross Domestic Product/Gross Domestic Income • Currency Speculation and Signal Watching
• Gross National Product/Gross National Income • Balance of Payments
• GDP Cycles, Real GDP, and Nominal GDP • Income Equality and Inequality: The Gini
• Economic Growth and Loss Coefficient
• GDP Deflator • and Autarky
• Consumer Price Indices • Poverty and Distribution of Income
• CPI Deflator • Immigration, Exploitation, and Paternalism
• *Calculus-based
National Labor Market and Labor Force Participation
• Supply of and Demand for Labor
• National Labor Market Equilibrium

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Intermediate Microeconomics (Back to Top)

Consumer Theory (Calculus-Based) Theory of the Firm and Managerial Economics

• Budget Constraints and Consumer Surplus (Calculus-Based)
• Consumer Choice and Demand
• Consumer Preferences and Utility • Cost Minimization and the Cost Function
• Insurance, Lotteries, and Risk Aversion • Profit Maximization and the Profit Function
• Compensating Variation and The Slutsky Equation • Consumption Duality
• Price Elasticity • Long-Run Costs and Short-Run Costs
• Long-Run Supply and Short-Run Supply
Game Theory • The Shutdown Condition
• Nash Equilibrium, Mixed Strategies, and Dominant • Economies of Scope and Economies of Scale
• Strategies • Technology, Inputs, and Outputs
• Sequential Games and Subgame Perfection • Marginal Product of Capital
• Bayesian Equilibrium and Signaling\Separating
• Equilibrium Labor Market (Calculus-Based)
• Adverse Selection • Supply of and Demand for Labor
• Threats, Commitments, and Credibility • Managerial Wage Determination and Minimum
• Wage
Behavioral Economics • Total Labor and Marginal Product of Labor
• Asymmetric and Incomplete Market Information • Labor Market Efficiency Wage Theory
• Positive Externalities, Negative Externalities, and • Labor Unions
• Market Failures
• Solutions for Negative Externalities and Markets
for
• Positive Externalities
• Moral Hazard and the Principal-Agent Problem
• Warranties, Quality, Uncertainty, and Signaling
• Risks, Risk Preferences, and the Demand for Risky
• Assets
• Public, Private, and Network Goods
• Tragedy of the Commons and the Coase Theorem

Monopoly and Monopsony (Calculus-Based)

• Monopoly Structure and Power
• Monopoly Marginal Revenue and Monopoly Profit
• Maximization
• Price Discrimination
• Social Costs of Market Power
• Monopoly Advertising and Building
• Monopsony Structure and Power
• Tariffs, Price Ceilings, and Price Floors

Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly (Calculus-

Based)
• Market for Factor Inputs
• Structure and Power of Monopolistic Competition
• Oligopoly Structure and Power: Cournot and
• Stackelberg Models
• Price Competition
• Prisoner’s Dilemma and Price Setting
• Cartels and Breakdown of Cartels

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Introductory Finance (Back to Top)

Role and objective of financial management

• Review of the four basic financial statements
• Analysis of financial statements and financial performance
• Financial ratio analysis
• Financial Institutions
• Valuation Methods and Models (cash flow valuation; capital budgeting and risk analysis)

Time Value of Money

• Single cash flow and annuity valuation
• Using Excel for TVM
• Advanced TVM word problems

Financial Choices of Firms

• Dividend Policy
• Managing current assets/working capital
• Raising capital and financing decisions

The Financial Environment

• Interest rates
• Risk and rates of return
• Bonds and their valuation
• Stocks and their valuation
• Cost of capital
• Capital budgeting, including cash flow estimation, decision criteria, and risk analysis
• Capital structure and leverage
• Financial planning, budgeting, and forecasting

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Principles of Management (Back to Top)

History and Theories of Management The Business Plan

• Scientific Management • Function of and
• Organizational Developments formatting plan
• Sociotechnical Theory • Main types of plans
• Hierarchy of Needs
• Five disciplines of the Learning Organization Employee Relations &
Leadership
The Role of Customer Relations • Roles in motivation
• Building customer relationships • Specifying structure and
• Promotions, Pricing & Credit creating balance
• Environmentalism (burdens and potentials)
• Psychological & Sociological influences Legal forms of Organizations
• Sole proprietorship,
Professional Management & Managing Growth partnerships, C Corp, LLC,
• Managing Human Resources etc.
• Managing Operations
• Managing Risk Financial Planning
• Leadership & Authority • Income statement
• Time management • Balance sheet
• Cash Flow statement
Entrepreneurial Opportunities • Financial forecasting
• Small Businesses Concepts • Debt & Equity

Ethics in Business Product & Supply Chain

• Integrity framework Management
• Supporting Organizational Culture • Product lifecycle
• Branding, labeling,
Business Analysis strategies
• SWOT
• Internal & External (outside-in analysis &
inside-out analysis)

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Business & Consumer Math (Back to Top)

Business Statistics
• Data Interpretation
• Graphs and Charts
• Measures of Central Tendency

Consumer Credit
• Credit
• Depreciation
• Loans and Mortgages

Equations
• Formulas
• Solving Equations
• Writing Equations

Investing
• Bank Accounts
• Interest
• Present and Future Value
• Stocks, Bonds, and Mutual Funds

Numbers
• Decimals
• Fractions
• Whole Numbers and Integers
• Probability
• Ratios and Proportions
• Real Number System

Payroll
• Deductions
• Gross Pay
• Taxes

Percent
• Converting
• Discounts
• Markups and Markdowns
• Problem Solving
• Sales Terms

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Business Law (Back to Top)

Foundations of Law Agency and Employment

• Criminal vs. Civil Law • Agency Formation and Duties
• Substantive vs. Procedural Law • Agency Rights and Remedies
• Sources of Law • Agency Liability and Termination
• Administrative Law & Regulation • Employment at Will
• Consumer Protection Laws • Employment Discrimination
• Anti-Trust Regulations • Employment & Immigration
• Unfair Trade Practices
• Employment Law & Labor Relations Business Organization
• Professional Liability and Accountability • Partnerships
• Environmental Law • Hybrid Business Forms
• Corporations Formation
Dispute Settlement • Management of Corporations
• Means of Dispute Settlement
• State and Federal Court Organization Property
• Alternative Dispute Resolution • Personal Property vs. Real Property
• Court Procedure • Landlord-Tenant Relationships
• Criminal Concerns • Zoning & Government Regulations
• Intentional Torts • Estates and Trusts
• Liability • Insurance Terms, Concepts & Types
• Intellectual Property
Contracts & E-Contracts
• Elements of Contracts Commercial Paper
• Offer & Acceptance (Agreement) • Negotiable Instruments Definition
• Consideration • Transferability & Holder in Due Course
• Form and Meaning • Liability of Parties
• Capacity • Checks and Electronic Fund Transfers
• Consent, Mistakes, Fraud, Undue influence • E-money & Online Banking
& Duress
• Statute of Frauds & Writing Requirement Creditor Rights
• Third Party Rights • Creditor Rights and Remedies
• Performance and Discharge • Debtor Protections
• Breach & Remedies • Surety & Guarantees
• Bankruptcy Concepts
Sales & Lease Contract Formation • Mortgage and Foreclosure
• Uniform Commercial Code (UCC)
• Title Introductory Legal Research and Writing
• Risk • Effective Legal Research Strategies
• Insurable Interest • Researching Cases, Statutes, and
• Performance, Breach and Remedies Regulations
• Warranties & Limitations • Legal Databases and Governmental Codes
• Products Liability • Organizing Legal Research Notes
• Summarizing Case Law

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Marketing (Back to Top)

Marketing Strategy Fundamentals

• Establishing SMART marketing objectives, strategies, and tactics
• Identifying target markets
• Understanding the marketing mix or Four Ps
• Conducting situation and competitor analysis
• Navigating B2B, B2C, and non-profit marketing

Product or Service Development

• Designing a product or service concept and prototype
• Formulating brand positioning
• Calculating development costs and projecting sales
• Preparing a launch strategy

Market Research and Data Analysis

• Writing research proposals
• Planning the research design
• Conducting research through focus groups, surveys, and interviews
• Analyzing and Interpreting data
• Reporting on research findings

Consumer Behavior
• Understanding consumer decision making process
• Examining consumer information searches
• Exploring subcultures influencing consumer behavior
• Distinguishing between planned versus impulse purchases
• Defining brand equity, perception, and reputation

Public Relations and Communications

• Composing ethical marketing policies
• Determining social responsibility strategies and campaigns
• Pitching compelling stories for the media
• Designing a crisis communication plan
• Recognizing owned, earned and paid media methods
• Measuring and evaluating public relations results

Supply Chain and Distribution Logistics

• Creating supply chain management processes
• Implementing a customer service management system
• Negotiating for suppliers, vendors, and intermediaries
• Estimating and fulfilling orders
• Planning warehousing and distribution logistics

Creative Strategy, Advertising, and New Media

• Writing a creative brief
• Formulating promotional strategies via traditional
• Constructing digital marketing and social media strategies
• Developing interactive and mobile marketing strategies

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MS Access (Back to Top)

Proficiency with Access 2010 required, preferably older and newer versions as well. English version required.

Database Relations and Development • Forms

• Database Terminology • Using Forms within a Database
• Primary and Secondary Keys - Creating • Creating a Blank Form
Relationships • Creating a Form from a Template
• Enforcing Referential Integrity in Key • Saving Forms
Relationships • Adding and Moving Form Controls
• Creating a Database • Managing Labels
• Creating a Database from a Template • Adding Sub-Forms
• Working with Data on Forms
Tables • Modifying Print Settings
• Types of Tables within a DB • Inserting backgrounds, headers, and footers
• Creating Tables
• Creating Linked Tables Reports and Reporting Tools
• Changing Tables • Creating a New Report
• Entering New Data • Creating a Report Based on a Query
• Adding Descriptions • Creating a Report Using a Wizard
• Indexing a field • Selecting Summary options
• Data Validation • Group and Sort Report Fields
• Hiding Fields • Report Text Box Controls
• Validating and Managing Records within a • Modify Data Sources
Table - Adding and Updating • Inserting headers, footers, and applying
themes
Queries • Formatting Reports
• Using Queries within a Database
• Running a Query Macros
• Creating a Simple Query • Using Macros
• Creating a Crosstab Query • Understanding Security
• Creating a Parameter Query • Creating a Macro
• Operators and Expressions in a Query • Sub Macros
• Creating an Aggregate Query • Handling Macro Errors
• Create an Action Query
• Create a Multiple Table Query Importing/Exporting
• Saving Queries • Creating a DB by importing
• Importing Data into Tables
• Exporting Data

Data Analysis
• Transforming Data
• Calculations and Dates
• Parametrized Queries
• Entering SQL
• Subqueries and Aggregation

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 MS Excel (Back to Top)

Note: Proficiency with Excel 2010 required, preferably older and newer versions as well. English version
required.
Environment & Capabilities
• File Tab
• Excel Options – including finding and customizing
• Templates – including finding and implementing
• Add-Ins – including finding and installing
Toolbars
• Ribbon – including identification, usage, customization, etc.
• Quick Access Toolbar – including identification, usage, customization, etc.
• Custom Tabs – including creation and arrangement of custom tabs, custom groups, etc.
• Formula Bar and Name Box
Spreadsheet Basics
• Rows and Columns
• Ranges – including selecting, naming, finding, using named ranges, etc.
• Views – including page layout, page break, custom, etc.
• Entering Data
• Printing
• Worksheet Management – including inserting, deleting, hiding, unhiding, moving, copying, etc.
• Panes and Page Breaks
• Headers and Footers – inserting, using templates, customizing, etc.
• Keyboard Shortcuts
Formatting
• Formatting Cells, Worksheets, Workbooks
• Format Painter
• Paste Special
• Conditional Formatting – including built-in styles and formula-based styles
Filtering & Sorting
• Filters – including implementing, using, customizing, etc.
• Sorting – including basic and custom sorts
Formulas & Functions
• Entering Formulas – including basic formula syntax, etc.
• Using Functions – including commonly used functions, using function helper, etc.
• Evaluating Formulas and Function Results – including tracing formulas/precedents, error checking, etc.
• Interpreting and Troubleshooting Formulas and Functions
• Calculation Operations – including manual vs. automatic

Charts, Tables, & PivotTables Macros

• Creating, Using, and Formatting Charts • Recording Macros
• Creating, Using, and Formatting Tables • Running Macros
• Creating, Using, and Formatting Saving, Sharing & Protecting
PivotTables • Auto-Save – including default settings and
• Smart Art and Illustrations customizing
• Sparklines • Recovery
Importing & Exporting • File Types (e.g., .xls, .xlsx, .xlsm, etc.)
• Importing and Exporting Data/Documents • Sharing and Protecting Worksheets and
• Importing and Exporting Pictures Workbooks
• Picture Editing • Evaluating Changes in Shared Documents

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MS Word (Back to Top)

Note: Proficiency with Word 2010 required, preferably older and newer versions as well. English version
required.

Program Fundamentals
• Giving Commands in Word
• Using Command Shortcuts
• Creating, Opening, Previewing, Printing, Saving, and Closing a Document
• Using Help
Getting Started with Documents
• Entering, Deleting, Selecting, and Replacing Text
• Navigating, Browsing, and Viewing a Document
• Working with the Document Window and Viewing Multiple Document Windows
Working With and Editing Text
• Checking Spelling and Grammar
• Finding and Replacing Text
• Using Word Count and the Thesaurus
• Inserting Symbols and Special Characters
• Copying and Moving Text
• Collecting Multiple Items to Move or Copy
• Using Undo, Redo, and Repeat
Formatting Characters and Paragraphs
• Changing Font Type, Size, Color, Highlighting, Styles, and Effects
• Applying Spacing and Ligatures
• Creating Lists
• Changing Paragraph Alignment, Paragraph Spacing, and Line Spacing
• Adding Paragraph Borders and Shading
• Copying Formatting
• Setting, Adjusting, and Removing Tab Stops
• Using Left and Right Indents, and First Line and Hanging Indents
Formatting the Page
• Adjusting Margins, Page Orientation, and Size
• Using Columns, Page Breaks, Section Breaks, Line Numbers, and Hyphenations
• Working with the Page Background
• Rearranging, Numbering, and Viewing an Outline
• Rearranging and Navigating Long Documents
• Using Headers, Footers, Bookmarks, Cross-references, Footnotes, Endnotes, Citations, and Bibliographies
• Working with Picture Captions
• Adding a Table of Contents, Index, Cover Page, and Page Numbers
Working with Themes and Styles
• Creating, Modifying, Applying, and Deleting a Style
• Working with the Styles Gallery
• Creating a New Quick Style Set
• Selecting, Removing, and Printing Styles
• Comparing and Cleaning Up Styles
• Applying Document Themes
• Creating and Saving New Theme Colors and Fonts
Working with Shapes and Pictures
• Inserting and Formatting Clip Art, Screenshots, Pictures, Text Boxes, Shapes, and Graphics Files
• Removing a Picture’s Background
• Formatting and Otherwise Altering the Look of Pictures and Graphics
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 • Resizing, Moving, Copying, Positioning, Grouping, and Deleting Objects
• Applying Special Effects
• Aligning, Distributing, Flipping, Rotating, and Layering Objects
Working with WordArt, SmartArt, and Charts
• Inserting, Editing, and Formatting WordArt
• Inserting and Formatting SmartArt
• Working with SmartArt Elements
• Inserting, Editing, and Formatting a Chart
• Working with Labels
• Using Chart Templates
Working with Tables
• Creating, Resizing, Moving, and Manipulating a Table
• Adjusting Table Alignment and Text Wrapping
• Working with Cell Formatting
• Merging and Splitting Cells and Tables
• Inserting and Deleting Rows and Columns
• Adjusting Row Height and Column Width
• Using Table Drawing Tools
• Working with Sorting and Formulas
• Working with Borders and Shading
• Using Table Styles and Table Style Options
• Converting or Deleting a Table
• Using Quick Tables
Working with Mailings Working with Forms
• Setting Up the Main Document for Mail • Creating a New Form
Merge • Adding Content Controls
• Creating and Editing a Data Source • Assigning Help to Form Content Controls
• Selecting an Existing Data Source • Preparing the Form for Distribution
• Inserting Merge and Rules Fields • Filling Out a Form
• Previewing and Completing a Mail Merge Customizing Word
• Creating Labels and Envelopes • Customizing the Ribbon and Quick Access
Using Collaborative Editing Tools Toolbar
• Tracking, Accepting, and Rejecting • Using and Customizing AutoCorrect
Revisions • Changing Word’s Default Options
• Using Comments More Topics
• Comparing and Combining Documents • Converting an Older Document to Word
• Protecting a Document (with or without 2010
password) • Translating Text
Working with Templates • Publishing a Blog Entry
• Creating and using a Document Template • Using Hyperlinks
• Creating and Using Building Blocks and • Viewing Document Properties and Finding
AutoText a File
• Attaching a Different Template to a • Recovering Your Documents
Document • Managing Versions
• Copying Styles between Documents and • Recording, Playing, and Deleting a Macro
Templates

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MS PowerPoint (Back to Top)

Note: Proficiency with PowerPoint 2010 required, preferably older and newer versions as well. English version
required.

• Apply and change advanced options

• Customizing the ribbon
• Customizing the quick access toolbar
• Creating/using macros
• Using different view options
• Proofreading options
• Creating presenter notes
• Setting up a slideshow
• Adding animations
• Utilizing transitions
• Using & creating themes
• Inserting charts & graphs
• Inserting images
• Grouping shapes and pictures
• Creating tables
• Inserting text options
• Using audio & video in presentations
• Working with watermarks
• Creating and printing handouts
• Adding headers & footers
• Flowchart creation
• Using and creating templates
• Using drawing tools
• Adding, removing, publishing slides
• Creating layouts
• Save & send options
• Font options
• Print options
• Properties and Protecting File

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Windows (Back to Top)

Note: Those wanting to tutor MS Windows must be proficient with BOTH the user side of Windows and the
admin side of Windows.

Windows Installation and Setup

• Preparing for Installation
• Adding/Managing User Accounts
• Display Settings & Personalization Options
• Power Settings
• Privacy / Security Settings
• Accessibility Options

File and Folder Operations

• Desktop, Start Menu & Taskbar
• Navigating with File Explorer
• Creating Folders and Saving Files
• Move, Copy, Delete, and Rename Files/Folders
• Folder Views and Settings
• File/Folder Searches
• Managing Hard Drives and Storage - Local, Removable, and Cloud

Windows Utilities
• Desktop Accessories
• Control Panel
• Backup and Recovery Tools
• Security - Antivirus, Antimalware, and Firewall Tools
• Windows Update

Basic Software & Hardware Management

• Windows Apps & Microsoft Store
• Adding/Removing Programs
• Adding/Removing/Managing Printers
• Adding/Removing/Managing Bluetooth Devices
• Locating and Running Programs

Accessing the Internet

• Connecting to a Network - Ethernet & Wi-Fi
• Accessing the Internet with Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge
• Email and the Mail app
• Searching the Internet/Default Search Engine

Basic Troubleshooting
• Viewing System Information
• Task Manager - Monitoring System Performance
• Windows Troubleshooter
• Safe Mode

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Adobe Illustrator (Back to Top)

Program Basics
• Workspace
• Artboards
• Sharing
• Working with Layers
• Colors

Program Tools
• Selection Tools
• Drawing Tools
• Shape Tools
• Typography Tools
• Painting Tools
• Modifying Tools

Automation

Other Program Features

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Adobe InDesign (Back to Top)

Program Basics
• Working with Objects
• Drawing Tools
• Color Tools
• Page Tools

Typography

Using Styles

Other Program Features

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Adobe Photoshop (Back to Top)

Program Basics
• Working with Layers
• Painting Tools
• Coloring Tools
• Drawing Tools
• Making Selections
• Editing Images
• Using Shapes

Typography

Animation and Action Panel

Other Program Features

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Cisco System Administration (Back to Top)

Data Networks
• OSI and TCP/IP
• Network Devices
• Topoligies

LAN Switching
• Configurations
• Troubleshooting
• Security

IP Addressing
• IPv4
• IPv6
• Addressing schema

Routing
• Configurations
• Troubleshooting
• Security
• Protocols

WAN Technologies
• DSL
• VPN
• Cellular 3G and 4G
• ISDN

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Cloud Technologies (Back to Top)

Cloud Fundamentals
• Cloud Ecosystem
• Motivation for Cloud
• Building blocks of Cloud

Cloud Service Types

• Traditional
• IaaS (Infrastructure as a service)
• PaaS (Platform as a service)
• CaaS (Container as a service)
• SaaS (Software as a service)
• N/A – Delete

Cloud Application Migration Approach

• Rebuild
• Rehost
• Replace
• Refactor

Cloud Providers
• Microsoft Azure
• Amazon AWS
• Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

Cloud Deployment Models

• Private Cloud
• Public Cloud
• Hybrid

Getting into Cloud

• Deploying into Cloud
• Security on Cloud
• Scalability on Cloud

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Computer Networking (Back to Top)

Network Architecture • Command line tools

• Network Topologies • Wi-Fi analyzer
• LAN/ WAN
• Network Devices and connector Cloud and Virtualization
• Cloud types
Data Communication • Virtual networking components
• Data Transmission
• Data Encoding Wireless and Mobile networking
• Error Detection • Mobile
• Ad hoc
Protocols and Standards • 802.11 standards
• OSI model
• HTTP/HTTPS Networking Services
• FTP • DHCP
• SMTP • DNS
• CSMA/CD • Proxy Server
• VOIP • VLAN
• Token Ring • VPN
• IPv6
• IPv4 Ethernet
• TCP/IP • 802.3 Standards
• Extending Ethernet
Network Security • Frames
• Risk related concepts • 100 MB/Gb/10Gb Ethernet
• Attacks/threats
• Access control Routing
• Hardening techniques • Tables
• Authentication and authorization • Algorithms
• Dynamic Routing
Configuration • Configuration of Routers
• Troubleshooting • Troubleshooting

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Web Design (Back to Top)

Internet Fundamentals
• Layers of the Internet (application, transport, etc..)
• URL
• Pathway
• FTP and File Management
• Protocols (HTTP, HTTPS)

HTML
• Basic XML
• HTML Structure
• Lists
• Classes and IDs
• Tables
• Linking Resources
• Special Tags
• Div. and Span
• Forms

CSS
• Selectors
• Alignment
• Element Position
• Padding and Margins
• Content Decoration
• Variables
• Layout
• Multiple Browser Support

Fundamental JavaScript
• Basic programming concepts (functions, loops, etc..)
• DOM
• Events

PHP
• Variables, including PHP Reserved Variables
• Control Structures
• Functions
• Mixing HTML and PHP
• Handling Input (e.g. GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
• REGEX for PHP
• php.ini

Accessibility
• Web Accessibility Standards
• Presentation of content
• Operable and understandable user interfaces
• Different web browsers and devices like mobile

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Web Development (Back to Top)

HTML
• Basic Knowledge (XML, Structure)
• Lists
• Tags
• Classes and IDs
• Elements, including Form Elements

CSS
• Basic Knowledge (Selectors, Variables, Layout, Decorators)
• Multiple Browser and Mobile Support
• Inline Styling versus External Stylesheets

JavaScript
• Control Structures (Conditionals, Different Types of Loops)
• DOM
• Events
• Functions

TypeScript
• How TypeScript is a superset that turns into JavaScript
• Variables and Scope
• Classes and Interfaces
• Async/Await vs Sync vs Promises
• Calling an API
• Error Handling
• Basic Understanding of React framework (Hooks, Props, Data Binding, Components)
• Basic Understanding of Angular framework (Components, Services, Lifestyle Events, Change Detection)
• State Management

APIs
• Different Types of APIs (RESTful, SOAP)
• Protocols (URL, http, https, ftp)
• Request Objects
• Response Objects
• JSON
• Response Codes (Success Codes, Failure Codes)
• Security (API Keys, AuthN/AuthZ, etc..)

Web Architecture and Deployment

• On-Premises versus Cloud
• Testing (Unit, Integration, End-to-End)
• Design Patterns
• Configuration

PHP
• Basics (Control Structures, Methods, Functions, Variables, etc..)
• Mixing HTML and PHP
• REGEX for PHP
• Connecting to a MySQL Instance
• Inline SQL (SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE)
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Database Systems (Back to Top)

Database Design
• Methodology - Conceptual/Logical/Physical
• ER Modeling
• Advanced ER
• Normalization
• Security and Administration

Structured Query Language

• CRUD Statements
• Aggregates
• Subqueries
• Filtering Query Output
• JOINs

Advanced Queries
• Designing Advanced queries
• Query optimization
• Common Table Elements
• Constraints
• Triggers

Business Intelligence
• Designing a client application
• Data Warehousing
• Reporting

Database Management Systems

• SQL Server
• Oracle
• MySQL
• Cloud Computing/Web DBMS

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Principles of CS (Back to Top)

NOTE: Computer Science tutors are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this list in addition to the
language-specific list of the subject(s) they would like to tutor.

Object-Oriented Program Design Program Implementation

• Program design • Implementation techniques
• Read and understand a problem description, • Methodology
purpose, and goals • Object-oriented development
• Apply data abstraction and encapsulation. • Top-down development
• Read and understand class specifications and • Encapsulation and information hiding
relationships among the classes (“is-a,” “has-a” • Procedural abstraction
relationships). • Programming constructs
• Understand and implement a given class • Primitive types vs. objects
hierarchy. • Constant declarations, Variable declarations
• Identify reusable components from existing code • Class declarations
using classes and class libraries. • Interface declarations
• Class design • Method declarations, Parameter declarations
• Design and implement a class. • Console output (System.out.print/println)
• Choose appropriate data representation and • Control
algorithms. • Methods
• Apply functional decomposition. • Sequential
• Extend a given class using inheritance. • Conditional
Program Analysis • Iteration
• Testing • Understand and evaluate recursive methods
• Test classes and libraries in isolation.
• Identify boundary cases and generate Standard Data Structures
appropriate test data. • Simple data types (int, Boolean, double)
• Perform integration testing. • Classes
• Debugging • Lists
• Categorize errors: compile-time, run-time, logic. • Arrays
• Identify and correct errors. • Sets and Multisets
• Debugging, adding extra output statements, • Stacks
hand-tracing code. • Dictionaries
• Understand and modify existing code • Queues
• Extend existing code using inheritance • Trees, binary trees, and binary search trees
• Understand error handling
• Understand runtime exceptions. Standard Algorithms
• Reason about programs • Operations on data structures previously listed
• Pre- and post-conditions • Traversals
• Assertions • Insertions, Deletions
• Analysis of algorithms • Searching
• Informal comparisons of running times • Sequential
• Exact calculation of statement execution counts • Binary
• Basic big-O questions • Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort
• Numerical representations and limits • Merge sort
• Representations of numbers in different bases
• Limitations of finite representations (e.g., integer Computing in Context
bounds, imprecision of floating-point • System reliability
representations, and round-off error) • Privacy
• Legal issues and intellectual property
• Social and ethical ramifications of computer use
• Software Methodology

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C++ (Back to Top)

NOTE: Computer Science tutors wishing to tutor C++ are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this
list in addition to the Computer Science Principles list.

Namespaces

Functions

Control Structures
• Conditional (if, if else, else, switch statements)
• Iteration (for, while, do-while loops)
• Break and continue

Input/Output
• Standard (iostream)
• File I/O (fstream)

Strings

Pointers

Exception Handling
• Try/Catch blocks
• Throw statement

Arrays

Classes and Structs

Operator Overloading

Parameters
• Call by reference vs Call by value

Inheritance

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C (Back to Top)

NOTE: Computer Science tutors wishing to tutor C are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this list
in addition to the Computer Science Principles list.

Syntax and Structures

• Variables
• Data Types
• Arrays (single and multidimensional)
• Strings
• Operators
• Structures (struct)

Control Flow
• If/Else Statements
• Iterators
• Break/Continue
• Switch
• Goto

Input/Output
• Standard I/O
• Formatting
• Error Handling
• Preprocessor
• Streams

C Fundamentals
• Functions
• Standard Library
• Data Structures

Pointers
• Declaration and Usage
• Arrays and Pointers
• Pointer to Pointer
• Pointers and Functions

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Computer Fundamentals (Back to Top)

COMPTIA A+ Peripherals
• Principles and Procedures • USB/Thunderbolt
• Safety and Security • Keyboards
• Windows 10 • Pointers (Mouse)
• KVM
Hardware Overview • Multimedia
• Processors • Touch Screens
• Memory • Smartcard and Biometric
• BIOS • Display
• Motherboards
• Storage Hard Drives
• Power • RAID
• Types (SATA,SSD,Magnetic)
Operating Systems • Formatting & Partitioning
• OS basics • Removable Storage
• CLI
• Virtualization Multifunction Devices
• Mobile • Printers
• Troubleshooting OS • Copier/Scanners
• File Systems • Fax
• Users and Groups • Installation/Drivers
• Troubleshooting
Building/Imaging a PC
• Custom components Network
• Install or upgrade OS • Ethernet
• Patching/SP • LAN
• Drivers • WAN
• Migrate data • Wireless
• Internet
• Mobile
• Network Security

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Java (Back to Top)

NOTE: Computer Science tutors wishing to tutor Java are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this
list in addition to the Computer Science Principles list.

Primitive Data Types Strings

• Integers • Constructing Strings
• Floating Point Types • Operating on Strings
o Characters
o Boolean Bitwise Operators

Literals Static Keyword

Variables File I/O

• Variable Scope
• Initializing Variables Inheritance and Polymorphism
• Super classes and Subclasses
Operators • Abstract Classes
• Method Overriding
Type Casting and Conversion
Packages and Interfaces
Control Statements • Packages and Member Access
• For loops • Implementing Interfaces
• While Loops
• If-Else Statements Exception Handling
• Switch Statements • Using Try-Catch-Finally
• The Exception Hierarchy
Classes
• Constructors Enumerations
• Class Definitions
• Object Instantiation Generics Fundamentals

Methods
• Using Parameters
• Method Overloading
• Returning Values

Arrays
• Multidimensional Arrays
• Irregular Arrays

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Python (Back to Top)

NOTE: Computer Science tutors wishing to tutor Python are expected to be familiar with all concepts on
this list in addition to the Computer Science Principles list.

• Lists
• Control Flow and Looping (while/for, use of the range() function instead of traditional for loop)
• Tuples (relation to lists, unpacking)
• List/Dictionary/Generator comprehensions
• "Dunder" methods (__init__, __plus__, etc)
• Variadic arguments (*args)
• Keyword arguments (**kwargs)
• List slices
• Generators (yield)
• Lambda functions
• Dictionaries
• Functions (including map, filter, reduce)
• Files
• Raptor

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Windows Server (Back to Top)

Server Setup and Installation Virtualization and Cloud

• Prep for Installation • Basic Concepts
• New install/Upgrade to Existing • Hypervisors
• Selecting Server Hardware • Install Hyper -V
• Configure VM
Server Manager • Manage or Modify VM
• Accessing and starting server manager • Azure
• Create/Edit groups of servers
• View/Change roles, role services, and features Monitor and Troubleshoot
• Access Management Tools • Performance and
• Managing Services Resource Monitor
• Server Status - issues, events, and failures • Server Repair and Boot
• Manage Remote Computers Options
• Fault Tolerance and
Managing Storage Clustering
• Access storage options/Disk Management • Power - UPS, Redundancy
• Disk types • Safe Mode
• RAID options
• Network Storage (NAS/SAN) Windows Server 2019
• Disk volumes/partitioning • Storage Migration Service
• Mounting/Unmounting • Containers
• Security
Windows Services
• File services, NTFS/Sharing Drives
• Installing/Setting up printers
• Naming resolution, DNS, Hosts
• DHCP
• Active Directory
• IIS

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C# (Back to Top)

NOTE: Computer Science tutors wishing to tutor C++ are expected to be familiar with all concepts on this
list in addition to the Computer Science Principles list.

Fundamentals
• Namespaces
• Directives
• LINQ
• .NET Framework

Syntax and Structures

• Variables
• Data Types
• Arrays
• Operators
• Lambda Expressions

Input/Output
• File Read/Write
• Escape Sequencing
• Convert data

Control Structures
• Conditional Statements
• Iterators
• Jump/Break/Continue
• Exception Handling

OOP Concepts in C#
• Methods
• Constructors
• Classes
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Interfaces

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Cybersecurity (Back to Top)

Security Policies and Procedures

• Threat life cycle Malware
• Advanced Threat Protection • Characteristics of malware
• Training best practices • Multifunctional
• Crawlers/Bots
Networks/Internet • Targeted Intrusions
• IP Addressing/CIDR • Denial of Service (DDOS)
• Mac Addresses
• Firewalls Encryption
• Antivirus • Certificates
• 802.1x Filtering • Key Encryption
• OSI model • Digital Signatures
• Common Network Appliances • VPN(s)
• Cryptography
Hacker Approaches
• Information gathering/scanning System Architecture
• SQL injection • Design Concepts
• Password Cracking • Distributed Computing
• WAP/Honeypot • Security Models
• Hardware Security Architecture
Social Engineering
• Impersonation Access Control
• Phishing or Spear Phishing • Least Privilege
• Vishing • Defense in Depth
• CEO Fraud • Physical Access Control
• Shoulder Surfing • Authentication Methods
• Attack Concepts
(Intimidation/Authority/etc)

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Arabic (Back to Top)

NOTE: Voice-approval is required to tutor this subject. You will conduct a Voice test in your Classroom
Introduction and Interview (CII). If you are an existing tutor who does not yet have voice approval, please
contact Tutor Support.
Vocabulary
• Greetings and Polite Expressions
• Numbers and Time
• Common Phrases
• Various Common Words

Grammar
• Sentence Structure
• Verbs and Adverbs
• Nouns and Adjectives
• Possessive Phrases
• Gender and Plurality

Literary Arabic
• Arabic Alphabet
• Vowels and Consonants
• Phonology

Pronunciation
• Full Pronunciation
• Formal Short
• Informal Short
• Proper Diction

Types of Arabic
• Modern Standard Arabic
• Classical Arabic
• Regional Dialects

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Spanish (Back to Top)

NOTE: Voice-approval is required to tutor this subject. You will conduct a Voice test in your Classroom
Introduction and Interview (CII). If you are an existing tutor who does not yet have voice approval, please
contact Tutor Support.
Basic Sentence Structure Advanced Verb Forms
• Gender & Number of Nouns • Subjunctive Mood
• Definite Articles • Perfect Tenses
• Indefinite Articles • Past Participles
• Noun-Adjective Agreement • Formal Commands
• Negation (& Double Negatives) • Informal (tú) Commands
• Contractions Al / Del • Negative Commands
• Questions and Exclamations
Idiomatic Expressions
Advanced Sentence Structure • Acabar de
• Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns • Hay / Hay que
• Relative Pronouns & Adjectives • Hace… (To indicate time that has passed)
• Possessive Pronouns • Valer la Pena
• Superlatives
• Demonstratives Basic Vocabulary Units
• Comparisons of Quantity and Number • Ordinal Numbers
• The Personal “a” • Telling Time
• Por vs. Para • Expressions for Weather
• Pero / Sino / Sino Que • Sports & Recreation
• • Science & Technology
Basic Verb Forms • Animals
• Present Indicative • Home Decor and Furnishings
• Stem Changing Verbs • Food & Kitchen
• Gustar Type Verbs • School & Office
• Irregular 1st Person Verbs (“go, zco, jo, oy, • Family Expressions & Relationships
eo “verbs) • Clothing
• Present Progressive • Medical Care & Human Physiology
• Ser vs. Estar • Feelings & Emotions
• Saber vs. Conocer • Travel (Train & Air)
• Customary Greetings & Protocol
Intermediate Verb Forms
• Preterit (Definite Past)
• Imperfect (Undefined Past)
• Reflexive Verbs
• Conditional Tense
• Future Tense
• Irregular Preterit Verbs

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French (Back to Top)

NOTE: Voice-approval is required to tutor this subject. You will conduct a Voice test in your Classroom Introduction and
Interview (CII). If you are an existing tutor who does not yet have voice approval, please contact Tutor Support.

Basic Sentence Structure

• Gender & Number of Nouns
Vocabulary (including but not limited to…)
• Numbers and time
• Greetings, letter writing, speaking on the phone
• Food and drink
• Marketplace
• Clothing
• Education and careers
• Personal relationships, friends, family
• Emotions
• Hobbies, sports, leisure, travel
• Animals, plants, scenery, weather
• Body parts, illnesses, basic medical terms
• Residences, rooms, furniture
• Government, public institutions, infrastructure, news
• French/English faux amis
• Common French idioms

Grammar and Style

• Verb conjugations, tenses, and moods
• Pronouns

Literature (including but not limited to…)

• Louise Labé
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Guy de Maupassant
• Paul Verlaine
• Jules Verne
• Victor Hugo
• Albert Camus

Pronunciation and Phonetics

• Describe how French vowels and certain French consonants differ from their English counterparts
• Identify silent consonants and vowels
• Identify and pronounce nasalized vowels
• Use liaison and enchaînement to enhance euphony
• Describe how stress functions in words and sentences
• Describe how pronunciation and stress differ in poetry

French History and Culture

• Basic history of France, from Roman Gaul to modern times
• Basic geography of France, French territories, and other French-speaking nations
• French education system
• Present-day government of France
• French holidays and customs

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German (Back to Top)

NOTE: Voice-approval is required to tutor this subject. You will conduct a Voice test in your Classroom
Introduction and Interview (CII). If you are an existing tutor who does not yet have voice approval, please
contact Tutor Support.
Adjectives
• Adjective Endings
• Comparative & Superlative
• Definite & Indefinite Articles
• Der- & ein-Words
• Extended Adjective Modifiers
• Present & Past Participles

Adverbs
• Expressions of Time
• Negation

Conjunctions
• Coordinating Conjunctions
• Subordinating Conjunctions
• Main and Subordinate Clauses

Nouns
• Appositives
• Case: Nominative, Accusative, Dative, & Genitive
• Gender

Prepositions
• Accusative, Dative, Genitive, & Two-way
• da- & wo-compounds
• Idiomatic Use of Prepositions

Pronouns
• Personal, Interrogative, Demonstrative, Indefinite, Possessive, Relative, & Reflexive

Punctuation
• Comma Rules

Verbs
• Conjugation
• Imperative
• Indirect Discourse & Subjunctive I
• Infinitival Constructions (um…zu, (an)statt…zu, ohne…zu)
• Modal Verbs
• Passive Voice, Statal Passive, Alternatives to Passive
• Regular & Irregular Verbs
• Subjunctive II
• Tense: Present, Present Perfect, Simple Past, Past Perfect, Future & Future Perfect
• Verbs with Separable & Inseparable Prefixes

Word Order

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Italian (Back to Top)

NOTE: Voice-approval is required to tutor this subject. You will conduct a Voice test in your Classroom Introduction and
Interview (CII). If you are an existing tutor who does not yet have voice approval, please contact Tutor Support.

Basic Sentence Structure Advances Sentence Structure

• Italian alphabet, special characteristics • Irregular verbs
• Regular verbs • Direct pronouns
• Greetings • Indirect-object pronouns
• Common salutations • Reflexive verbs
• Expressing opinions • Adjectives
• Masculine versus feminine nouns • Using prepositions
• Pronouns • Imperfect subjunctive
• Il congiuntivo trapassato
Numbers/Currency • Il congiuntivo passato
• Il congiuntivo futuro
Date • Modal verbs
• Articulated prepositions
Time • Double object pronouns
• Future perfect
Weather/Seasons • Words with dual meaning
• Adverb
Action Verbs • Negative statements
• Conosce/Sapere
Direction, Travel • Prepositions

Culinary, Food

Anatomy/Medical/Dental
• Body parts
• Symptoms
• Study of

Italian lifestyle
• Culture
• Politics
• Current affairs
• Business
• Professional writing
• Culinary, food

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Mandarin (Back to Top)

NOTE: Voice-approval is required to tutor this subject. You will conduct a Voice test in your Classroom
Introduction and Interview (CII). If you are an existing tutor who does not yet have voice approval, please
contact Tutor Support.
Pinyin Grammar
• Initials and Finals • Pronouns
• Four Tones • Verbs
• Chinese Syllables • Adjectives
• Adverbs
Vocabulary • Prepositions
• Number, Time, Age, Money, Math • Basic Sentence Structure (Subject-
• Measure Words, Quantifiers Verb-Object)
• Greetings • Conjunctions and Connectors
• Relationships, Family Members • Imperative
• Body Parts, Basic Medical Terms • Passive
• Animals, Plants, Fruits, Vegetables • Negation
• Places, Locations, Directions • Questions
• Transportation and Travel
• Food, Restaurant, Dining Classical Literature
• Colors and Shapes • Classical Poetry - Shi form
• Households, Furniture • Classical Poetry - Ci form
• Media and News • Classical Prose
• Sports • Classical Fiction and Drama
• Emotions and Feelings
• Education Chinese Culture and Traditions
• Business • Politeness and Courtesy
• Government, Provinces, Cities • Festivals and Celebrations
• Art (Calligraphy, Painting Performing
Art, etc.)
• Chinese Food
• Religion and Philosophy
(Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism)

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Vietnamese (back to top)

NOTE: Voice-approval is required to tutor this subject. You will conduct a Voice test in your Classroom Introduction and
Interview (CII). If you are an existing tutor who does not yet have voice approval, please contact Tutor Support.

Literary Grammar
• Alphabet • Sentence structure
• Vowels and Consonants • Word formation
• Tones • Figures of speech
• Passivization
Vocabulary
• Number Regional Dialects
• Time and Dates • Northern
• Money • North-Central
• Math • Mid-Central
• Quantifiers • South-Central
• Family members • Southern
• Greetings and Polite expressions
• Transportation Literature
• Places • Folk literature
• Animals • Medieval literature
• Home essentials • Modern literature
• Clothes • Poetry
• Colors
• Emotions Culture
• Food • Festival and Celebrations
• Weather • Lifestyle and Customs
• Human body • Religion and Philosophy
• Medical terms • Cuisine
• Education • History
• Business • Geography
• Government • Visual arts
• Word play • Performing arts
• Common words and Phrases

Parts of Speech
• Nouns
• Demonstrative noun modifiers
• Articles
• Classifiers
• Numerals
• Quantifiers
• Focus marker particle
• Verbs
• Adjectives
• Adverbial particles
• Prepositions

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Elementary Math Methods (Back to Top)

Planning, Teaching and Assessing Operations, Basic Facts and Computation

• Develop a Lesson • Apply properties of operations
• Develop Assessments • Solve problems involving the four
• Evaluate Learning operations with whole numbers and
fractions
Mathematical Practices and Processes • Add and subtract whole numbers within 20
• Solve Problems using various and appropriate fluently
strategies • Multiply and divide whole numbers within
• Reason abstractly and quantitatively 100 fluently
• Construct and evaluate mathematical arguments • Write and interpret numerical expressions
• Use representations to model with mathematics, such • Use models (such as geometric shapes and
as counters, linked cubes, a balance and a number line other objects) to order fractions, understand
• Use tools strategically equivalent fractions and compute with
• Use precise mathematical language, symbols and units fractions
• Find and use patterns to make generalizations • Compare decimal quantities and convert
• Determine if repeated processes are reasonable from fractions
• Make connections among mathematical ideas
Measurement and Data
Number Sense • Solve problems involving measurement and
• Classify numbers and use numbers in patterns estimation
• Use conservation, group recognition, comparison, • Represent and interpret data
one-to-one correspondence • Tell and write time using analog and digital
• Develop counting strategies counting on, counting clocks
back or skip counting • Solve problems involving money
• Use place value to introduce the base 10 number • Find the perimeter, area and volume of
system and decimals objects
• Convert like measurement units within a
given measurement system
Geometry
• Measure and sketch angles
• Draw and identify lines and angles
• Classify shapes by properties of their lines and angles
• Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve
problems
• Reason with shapes and their attributes

Elementary Reading Methods (Back to Top)

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Reading Development
• Signs student is ready for reading instruction
• Discourse-Oral Language Development
• Print/Book Awareness
• Listening and Retelling
• Phonemic Awareness
• Letter Recognition
• Letter-Sound Correlations/ Language Development

Instructional Strategies for Reading

• Identifying Student's Current Reading Level
• Reading Theories
• The 5 Components of Reading
• Balanced Literacy/ Whole Language/ Phonics
• Developing Curriculum
• Vocabulary
• Creating Activities for Instruction
• Fluency
• Comprehension strategies
• Scaffolding Instruction
• Differentiating Instruction
• Technology Use

Types of Assessment
• Affective Reading assessments
• Summative Assessment for the 5 Components of Reading
• Formative Assessment for the 5 Components of Reading
• Analyzing Student Assessment Data
• Diagnosing Reading Issues
• Maintaining student records/portfolios
• Identifying Students Who May Need Additional Intervention

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General Education (Back to Top)

Active Learning • Self-regulated learning

• Collaborative discussion • Organizing and transforming information
• Independent Learning • Keeping Records
• Critical Thinking • Rehearsing and memorizing
• Creative thinking • Environmental awareness
• Brainstorming • Recognizing Individual learning styles
• Journaling • Goal-setting
• Group Work • Reflective dialogue
• Focused listening • Constructive feedback
• Formulating Questions • Abstract Thinking
• Note-taking • Link new learning to prior learning
• Annotating Professional Learning
• Role-playing • Self-evaluating
• Scaffolding • Adapting new strategies to individuals
• Assessment • Accept leadership opportunities
Hybrid Learning (Blended Learning) Growth mindset
• On-line activities • Learning from failure
• Project based learning • Accepting challenge
• Peer instruction • Process over result
• Small group discussion • Sense of purpose
• Just-in-time teaching • Growth over speed
• Flipped learning • Effort before talent
Critical Thinking • Learning from others' mistakes
• Deep learning Bias
• Concept mapping (mind-mapping) • Test anxiety and performance
• Goal setting • Ignore triggers
• Considering alternatives • Cross-group interactions
• Utilizing past strategies • Positive role models
• Time Management • Managing stress and threat
• Self-reflection • High standards for all
• Activating prior Knowledge • Personal value affirmation
• Reviewing • Positive role models
• Summarizing Community and service learning
• Study skills • Volunteer project learning
Emotional Intelligence • Community involvement
• Assertive communication Rhetorical communication
• Conflict resolution • Production of discourse
• Active listening skills • Response to discourse
• Promoting positive attitude • Effective communication
• Self-awareness in the classroom
• Student engagement strategies • Problem-solving communication
• Empathy Curriculum Development
• Responding to Criticism • Identifying overarching objectives
• Developing Leadership skills • Lesson plans
• Journaling • Grading standards
• Peer Conferences • Common core/benchmarks
• Teacher-student Conferencing • Rubrics

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Early Childhood Education (Back to Top)

Development Stages (Milestones)

• Birth-18 months
• 18 months-2 Years
• 3 years-5 years
• 6 years-8 years

Theorists
• Urie Bronfenbrenner
• Erik Erikson
• Abraham Maslow
• Maria Montessori
• Jean Piaget
• Lev Vygotsky
• Reggio Emilia
• BF Skinner

Observation and Assessment

• Anecdotal Records
• Work Samples
• Observations
• Why is it important?

Diversity in the Classroom

• How to Promote Diversity

Curriculum Development
• Social/Emotional Development
• Cognitive Development
• Language/Literacy Development
• Math/Scientific Reasoning
• Physical Development
• Differentiation and Accommodations
• Music

Health, Safety and Nutrition

• Mandatory Reporter
• Safe Sleep Practices
• First Aid/CPR
• Abusive Head Trauma
• Importance of Physical Development
• Nutrition

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Intercultural and Global Communication (Back to Top)

Culture & Cross-Cultural Values

• What is Culture?
• Defining Cross-Cultural
• Stereotypes vs. Cultural Values
• Communication Styles Reflective of Cultural Values
• Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
• Ethics and Cross-Cultural Communication

Cross-Cultural Communication Comparisons

• Chinese vs. American Technical Communication
• Japanese vs. American Technical Communication
• Hispanic/Latino vs. American Technical Comm.
• Korean vs. American Technical Communication

Intercultural Communication
• Defining Intercultural Communication
• Intercultural vs. Cross-Cultural Communication

Challenges in Intercultural and Global Communication

• Intercultural Communication Conflicts
• Cross-Cultural and Global Communication Barriers

Practical Intercultural & Global Comm. Strategies

• Using Interpersonal Skills
• Practicing Relationship vs. Deal Focused Comm.
• Non-Verbal Communication
• Technical Skills
• Simplified and Plain English

Digital Communication
• Defining Digital Communication
• Text Messages
• E-mail
• Social Networks

Health Communication
• Healthcare Professional vs. Patient Understanding
• Plain Language
• Patient Considerations
• Multicultural Communication

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Business and Organizational Communication (Back to Top)

Theoretical/Ideological Influences
• Survey of Communication Theories
• Leadership Communication Theories
• Importance of Effective Professional Communication

Practical Application
• Effective Written Communication
• Effective Oral Communication
• Interpersonal Communication
• Conflict Management
• Non-verbal Communication

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Public Speaking (Back to Top)

Essentials of Communication Research and Support

• Communication Models • Where to Locate Credible Sources
• Public Speaking Apprehension • How to Identify Credible Sources
• Communication Ethics • Using Examples, Testimony, and Statistics
• Source Documentation
Language
• Language Characteristics Speech Delivery
• Language Devices • Types of Delivery
• Components of a Quality Delivery
Intercultural Communication • Delivery & Practice
• Culture & Communication
• Cultural Identity & Co-Cultures Listening
• Active Listening Practices
Interpersonal Communication • Challenges to Listening
• Perception
• Defining Self, Self-Concept, Self-Esteem Informative Speaking
• Self-Disclosure • Types of Informative Speeches
• Conflict Management • Effective Use of Research & Support

Nonverbal Communication Persuasive Speaking

• Principles of Nonverbal Communication • Reasoning
• Functions of Nonverbal Communication • Types of Persuasive Speaking
• Types of Nonverbal Communication • Persuasive Speech Organizational
Patterns
Audience Analysis • Emotional Appeals
• Methods of Audience Analysis • Rhetorical Appeals
• Gathering Audience Information

Speech Organization & Topic Selection

• Brainstorming, Concept Maps
• Introductions, Conclusions, Connectives
• General and Specific Purpose Statements
• Narrowing the Topic

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Journalism (Back to Top)

News Writing/Reporting
• Lead
• Layout/Organization Styles
• Content

Feature/Magazine Writing
• Lead
• Layout/Organization Styles
• Content

Broadcast News Writing

• Content, Lead, Layout

Journalism and Theory

• Society/History
• Feminist Theory
• Ethics
• Policies
• Politics

Grammar/Copy Editing
• Basic Grammar concepts
• Copy editing concepts

Interviewing
• How to

Statistics
• Creating Statistics/Infographics
• Analyzing Statistics

Using Multimedia
• Twitter, Podcast, Web, video

Research, Newsgathering
• Conducting research
• Newsgathering

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Interpersonal and Small Group Communication (Back to Top)

News Writing/Reporting
• Essential Personal Communication Skills
• Self-Management
• Critical Thinking
• Leadership
• Problem Solving and Decision-Making
• Responsibility and Accountability
• Emotional Integrity

Principles of Interpersonal & Small Group Communication

• Culture
• Group Culture
• Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions
• Workplace Culture
• Written Communication
• Professional and Workplace Group Documents
• Verbal Communication
• Tone
• Clear Language
• Persuasion
• Rhetorical Strategies
• Non-Verbal Communication
• Team-Working
• Creating Relationships
• Observation
• Active Listening
• Questioning
• Social Awareness
• Diversity
• Assertiveness
• Conflict Management Skills

Constraints and Barriers

• Language Differences
• Cultural Differences
• Personality Differences
• Emotional Barriers
• Generational Differences
• Physical Disabilities
• Psychological Barriers

Computer-Mediated Group Communication

• Elements of Computer-Mediated Communication
• Physical Barriers

Ethics of Small Group Communication

• Ethical Responsibilities

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Mass Communication (Back to Top)

Theory & Function

• Mass comm vs interpersonal communications
• Mass communication theories
• Mass media functions
• Audience analysis

Historical and Cultural Context

• Impacts of technological changes
• Ownership and economics of mass media
• Impact on politics & government
• Entertainment & mass culture
• Use in business

Mass Media Practices

• Newspapers
• Magazines
• Broadcast: Radio & TV
• Cable
• Advertising & PR
• Film

The Internet & Social Media

• Disruption of traditional media
• Impacts on audience
• Impacts on ownership
• Impact on content development
• Media representation

Ethics & Laws

• Legal protections: libel, false advertising, FCC role
• Content developer's responsibilities

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Social Studies K-8 (Back to Top)

Ancient Civilizations • Early European Political Systems

• Political Practices • Early Asian Political Systems
• Religious Beliefs
• Cultural Traditions Civics
• Democracy
World Trade & Exploration • The Voting Process
• Major European Explorers 120-1519 • Immigration
• Major European Discoveries 120-1519 • Voting Rights
• 16-17th century world trade
• 18-19th century world trade Civil Rights
• Civil Rights Advocates
The Middle Ages • Civil Rights Movement
• The Renaissance - major philosophers • The Civil Rights Act
• The Renaissance - major theories
• Sociopolitical and Sociocultural Practices U.S. Wars
• The Medieval Pyramid • 1754-1812
• 1813-1865
World Religions & Cultures • 1866-1975
• Major World Religions
• Family structures World Wars
• World holidays • World War 1
• Cultural diversity • World War 2
• The Cold War
Geography
• Continents of the World Westward Expansion
• Oceans of the World • The Louisiana Purchase
• U.S. Geographic Regions • The Monroe Doctrine
• Early map skills • The Indian Removal Act

Early American Settlements Slavery

• Roanoke Colony • Pre-Civil War
• Jamestown Colony • The Slave Trade 1480-1865
• Plymouth Colony • Post-Civil War
• The 13 Colonies
Major Historical Figures
The U.S. • American Inventors
• U.S. States and Capitals • Women's Rights Activists
• U.S. Presidents 1789-present • Civil Rights Advocates
• Founding fathers
• Founding documents The Information Age
• The rise of Mass Media
Government • The Digital Era
• Early U.S. Political Systems • Forms of Virtual Communication

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Geography (Back to Top)

Basic Geography Skills

• Interpreting Maps and Diagrams
• Defining Regions and Places
• Space and Distance

Cultural Patterns and Influences

• Formation of Social/Cultural Groups
• Diffusion and Migration
• Rural and Urban Land Use
• Impacts of Industrialization and Agriculture

Political Patterns and Influences

• Political Territories and Boundaries
• Types of Political Regions
• Interaction and Conflict

Natural Features
• Types of Natural Regions
• Change and Sustainability

Interrelationships and Causes

• Spatial Association
• Cause and Effect
• Analyzing and Interpreting Data
• Identifying Patterns

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US History (Back to Top)

American Identity Migration and settlement

• Native Americans • Push/Pull Factors
• Colonization/Road to Revolution • Manifest Destiny/Westward Expansion
• Citizenship, Rights, Voting • Rural-Urban/Urban-Suburban
• Liberty, Equality, Freedoms • Government policies towards
• Sectionalism/States vs National immigration
• THE vs THESE United States • Immigration patterns over time
• New World Power • forced and voluntary immigration
• Individualism • Internal migrations

Politics and Power Geography/Environment

• Representation • Patterns of settlement
• Fight for Suffrage • Pollution
• Role and expansion of federal • Westward expansion/frontier
government • Conservation and Energy Management
• Segregation/desegregation/Jim Crow • Regional specialization
Laws
• Political Parties America in the World
• Emergences as a world power
Work, Tech, Exchange • Involvement in international conflicts
• Agrarian America - Cash crops and early • Imperialism
economies • Superpower
• Economic change overtime • The Slave Trade
(Mercantilism - Capitalism - Laissez- • Internal Conflicts
faire) • Democracy
• Panic, Recession, Bust
• Industrialization, Boom
• Labor and Unions
• Invention and Innovation
• Communication and Transportation

Culture and Society

• Religious influences
• Reform Movements
• Minorities and Immigrants
• Social Revolutions (women, Civil Rights,
family)
• Gender Roles over Time

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World History (Back to Top)

Historical time periods - Ancient civilizations

• Greece
• Rome
• River Valley civilizations

Historical time periods - Middle Ages

• Early
• Late
• High

Renaissance
• Art
• Religion
• Philosophy

Historical themes
• War and conflict
• Revolutions
• Cultural development

Modern Times
• Enlightenment
• Industrial Revolution
• Europe - Napoleonic Era

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Student Success and Parent Coaching (Back to Top)

Academic Strategies
• Note-taking Techniques
• Studying Techniques
• Homework
• Selecting a Major
• Managing Knowledge Gaps
• Scholarly Resources

Habits for Success

• Organizational Skills
• Attendance & Punctuality
• Motivation & Goals

Stress Management
• Healthy Habits
• Finding Balance
• Building a Support System

Non-Traditional Students
• Work/Life/Family Balance
• Learning New Technologies
• Financial Planning
• Career Transition
• Scheduling & Organization

Parent Coaching for Student Success

• Scheduling & Organization
• Setting Expectations
• Studying Techniques
• Using Resources
• Motivation & Goals
• Managing Knowledge Gaps
• Finding Balance

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Resume and Career Help (Back to Top)

Cover Letters
• Template & formatting
• Content & length
• Grammar & spelling
• Targeted cover letters

Resumes
• Templates and formatting
• Contact information placement
• Appropriate email address
• Resume language v. conversational language
• Resume grammar and sentence structure
• Identifying and using key words
• Screen-out factors
• Resume length
• Use of color, graphics, photos
• Proper tenses
• Summaries and bullet points
• Job history length
• Summaries and bullet points
• Military crossover resumes
• Power verbs

Job Search Strategies

• Immediate needs v. long term goals
• Salary and benefits
• Targeted job searches
• Understanding the online application process
• How to prepare for an interview
• Appropriate interview attire
• Online v in-person interviews

Page | 135
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