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The United Nations, founded on October 24, 1945, is an international organization aimed at promoting cooperation and protecting human rights. Its four main purposes include maintaining peace, fostering friendly relations, improving living conditions, and harmonizing actions among nations. The UN consists of six principal organs, including the General Assembly and Security Council, each with specific functions related to international peace, security, and social development.

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16 views3 pages

assignment

The United Nations, founded on October 24, 1945, is an international organization aimed at promoting cooperation and protecting human rights. Its four main purposes include maintaining peace, fostering friendly relations, improving living conditions, and harmonizing actions among nations. The UN consists of six principal organs, including the General Assembly and Security Council, each with specific functions related to international peace, security, and social development.

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Andrew Infante
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INFANTE, ANDREW R.

CLJ 103 7:00-9:00

What is the United Nations?


The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 at the Yalta Conference as a replacement for the
League of Nations after World War II. It is founded to promote worldwide cooperation and to protect human rights. The
UN and its work are guided by the purposes and principles contained in its founding Charter.

When was it founded?


October 24, 1945.

What are the four main purposes of the United Nations?


The United Nations 4 Main Purposes106
1. To keep peace throughout the world;
2. To develop friendly relations among nations;
3. To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to
encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms; and
4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals

What are the principal organs of Human Rights and what are their functions?
6 Principal Organs of the United Nations107;
1. General Assembly,
2. Security Council,
3. Economic and Social Council,
4. Trusteeship Council,
5. International Court of Justice, and
6. Secretariat.

UN General Assembly
The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the United Nations, It is composed of representatives from all
Member States, each of which has one vote. It meets in regular annual sessions and in such special sessions as occasion
may require. Special sessions shall be convoked by the Secretary-General at the request of the Security Council or of a
majority of the Members of the United Nations (Article 20). It adopts its own rules of procedure and elects its President
for each session (Article 21). Its functions are as follows (Article 11)
1. Consider the general principles of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and security, including the
principles governing disarmament and the regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with regard to such
principles to the Members or to the Security Council or to both (Article 11.1).
2. Discuss any questions relating to the maintenance of international peace and security brought before it by any Member
of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Nations and may
make recommendations with regard to any such questions to the state or states concerned or to the Security Council or to
both. Any such question on which action is necessary shall be referred to the Security Council by the General Assembly
either before or after discussion (Article 11.2).
3. Calling the attention of the Security Council to situations that are likely to endanger international peace and security
(Article 11.3).
Other functions of the General Assembly are receiving and considering annual and special reports from the Security
Council and other organs of the United Nations (Article 15), and approving the budget of the Organization (Article 17).

Security Council,
The Security Council's functions are (Article 24):
1. Maintenance of international peace and security,
2. Carry out Pacific Settlement of Disputes (UN Charter, Chapter VI) To seek a solution by negotiation, inquiry,
mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful.
3. Take Action, with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression (UN Charter,
Chapter VII);
4. Establishing Regional Arrangements (UN Charter, Chapter VIII) to encourage the development of the pacific
settlement of local disputes (Chapter VIII, Article 52.3).
5. The approval of the terms of the Trusteeship Agreements (UN Charter, Chapter XII) and of their alteration or
amendment (Chapter XII, Article 83).
6. Submission of annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consideration.

Economic and Social Council,


The Functions and powers of The Economic and Social Council are (Article 62):
1. Initiating studies and reports with respect to international economic, social, cultural, educational, health, and related
matters and may make recommendations with respect to any such matters to the General Assembly to the Members of the
United Nations, and to the specialized agencies concerned.
2. Making recommendations for the purpose of promoting respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental
freedoms for all.
3. Preparing draft conventions for submission to the General Assembly, with respect to matters falling within its
competence.
4. Calling for international conferences on matters falling within its competence.

Trusteeship Council,
The functions of the Trust Council are (Article 87):
1. Considering reports submitted by the administering authority;
2. Accepting petitions and examining them in consultation with the administering authority;
3. Providing periodic visits to the respective trust territories at times agreed upon with the administering authority; and
4. Taking these and other actions in conformity with the terms of the trusteeship agreements.

International Court of Justice,


Its function is in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent Court of
International Justice (UN Charter, Chapter XIV, Article 92). All Members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to
the Statute of the International Court of Justice (Article 93).
The Court's role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give
advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies. The
Court decides disputes between countries, based on the voluntary participation of the States concerned. If a State agrees to
participate in a proceeding, it is obligated to comply with the Court's decision.
The International Court of Justice is composed of 15 judges elected to nine-year terms of office by the United Nations
General Assembly and
The Security Council. The Court may not include more than one national of the same State. In order to be elected, a
candidate must receive an absolute majority of the votes in both bodies. Judges are eligible for re- election. Should a judge
die or resign during his or her term of office, a special election is held as soon as possible to choose a judge to fill the
unexpired part of the term.

Secretariat
The Organization may require. The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of
the Security Council. He/she is the chief administrative officer of the Organization (UN Charter, Chapter XV, Article 97)..
The Secretary-General acts in that capacity in all meetings of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, of the
Economic and Social Council, and of the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform such other functions as are entrusted to
him by these organs. The Secretary-General shall make an annual report to the General Assembly on the work of the
Organization (Article 98). In addition to this, the Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any
matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security (Article 99).
Furthermore, Secretary-General and its staff do not seek nor should receive instructions from any government or from any
other authority external to the Organization. Each. Member of the United Nations respects the exclusively international
character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and does not seek to influence them in the discharge
of their responsibilities (Article 100).

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