arts 9

ARTS OF TE
NEOCLASSIC
AND ROMANTIC
PERIODS
 ACIVITY
Directions: From the box below, select and classify the terms, artwork, and artist if they belong to
Neoclassical period or Romantic period. Write yours answers in two columns. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answer.

NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD ROMANTIC PERIOD

• D • D
• D • D
• D • D
• D • D
• D • D
• D • D
 TERMS

• Jacques- Louis David

• Dramatic Compositions • Saturn Devouring His Son
• Classical Block Style • Palladian Style
• The Death of Marat • Bertel Thorvaldsen
• Eugene Delacroix • Temple Style
• Francois Rude • Landscape Painting
• Classic Geo-structure • Small, adjacent stroke
• JeanLouisThéodore • Hercules Sitting on a Bull
• Gericault
NEOCLASSICISM 1780-
1840
 he word neoclassic came from the Greek
word neos meaning new and the Latin
word classicus which is similar in
meaning to the English phrase first class.

he Western movement in decorative and

isual arts was called Neoclassicism. It
lso applies to literature, theater, music,
nd architecture that were influenced by
he classical art and culture of Ancient
Greece and Ancient Rome
e Neoclassical movement coincided with the
th century Age of Reason also known as the
e of Enlightenment. The art style in this
riod was brought about by the renewed
terest in Greek and Roman classics.

oclassical art pieces such as paintings,

ulpture and architecture generally portrayed
man history which elevated
e Roman heroes.
Characteristics:
• portrayal of Roman history
• formal composition
• the use of diagonals to show the
peak of an emotion or moment
(versus a regular moment)
• local color
• overall lighting
Neoclassicism: Classicism:
This is the renewed interest in
classical ideals and forms that This is the period in
influenced European and American
which Greek and
society through idea, politics and fine
arts during the 18th and 19th century. Roman principles and
It also refers to the art forms created
styles were reflected
after but inspired by the ancient
times. This period was derived from in society.
the
Be Classicism
careful movement.
not to interchange the two terms. Classicism refers to the art forms produced in
antiquity or inspired by it afterward, while Neoclassicism always refers to the art forms inspired
by ancient times, but created later.
 NEOCLASSICAL PAINTING
Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of
order and moderation in which artistic
interpretations of classic Greek and Roman
history were restored to realistic portrayals.
Neoclassical painters gave great
importance to the costumes, settings and
details of classical subject-matter without
adding distracting details but with as much
historical accuracy as possible
 NEO-CLASSICAL ARTISTS

There are a number of neo-classical

artists from Europe and the United States.
The following are some of them:
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID (1748-1825)
France
Jacques-Louis David was an
influential French painter in the
Neoclassical style, and
considered to be the pre-
eminent painter of the era. His
subjects of paintings were
more on history.
 Famous Artworks:
THE DEATH OF MARAT (J. David)
IMAGE FROM Royal Museums of
Fine Arts of Belgium
David’s masterpiece shows the
portrayal of a revolutionary martyr.
This is a painting of the murdered
French revolutionary leader Jean-
Paul Marat.
JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES
(1780-1867) France
Ingres was a pupil of JacquesLouis David. He
was influenced by Italian Renaissance
painters like Raphael, Nicolas Pousin,
Botticelli, and his mentor, JacquesLouis
David.
His paintings were usually nudes, portraits
and mythological themes. He was regarded
as one of the great exemplars of academic
art and one of the finest Old Masters of his
era
 Famous Artworks:
PORTRAIT OF NAPOLÉON ON THE IMPERIAL
THRONE (J. Ingres)
The painting depicts Napoleon in his decadent
coronation costume, seated upon his golden
encrusted throne, hand resting upon smooth ivory
balls. During his reign, the painting was owned by
the Corps Legislatif which was a part of the
French Legislature. The painting was believed to
be commissioned by Napoleon as King of Italy.
 Famous Artworks:
THE APOTHEOSIS OF
HOMER (J. Ingres)
The painting was a state-
commission by Charles X to
have him remembered in the
building works of the Louvre.
The painting depicts an image
of Homer, receiving all the
brilliant men of Rome, Greece,
and contemporary times.
NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES

The Neoclassical period was one of the great ages of

public sculpture. Artists looked to Roman styles
during the time of Alexander the Great for inspiration
as well as to mimic their style.
NEO-CLASSICAL
SCULPTORS
ANTONIO CANOVA (1757-1822) Italy

Canova was a prolific Italian artist

and sculptor who became famous
for his marble sculptures that
delicately rendered nude flesh. He
opened the idea for portraying
discrete sexual pleasures by using
pure contours with his mythological
Famous Artworks:

PSYCHE AWAKENED BY CUPID’S KISS (A. WASHINGTON (A. Canova)

Canova) This is a marble sculpture of Washington currently
A marble sculpture portraying the relationship of displayed at North Carolina Museum of History.
BERTEL THORVALDSEN (1789-1838)
Denmark
Thorvaldsen was the first
internationally acclaimed
Danish artist. He executed
sculptures of mythological
and religious themes
characters.
Famous Artworks:

LION OF LUCERNE (B. Thorvaldsen)

CHRIST (B. Thorvaldsen)
A sculpture of a dying lion in Lucerne, Switzerland that
A marble sculpture image of resurrected Christ
currently located at the Thorvaldsen Museum
commemorates the Swiss Guards who were massacred in
 NEOCLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
Neoclassical architectural styles started in the mid-18th
century. It turned away from the grandeur of Rococo style and
the Late Baroque. In its purest form, Neoclassical architecture
was a style principally derived from the architecture of
Classical Greece and Rome and the architectural designs of the
Italian architect Andrea Palladio.
Types of Neoclassical
Architecture:
 TEMPLE STYLE
Temple style building design was based on an ancient temple.
These buildings were uncommon during the Renaissance as
architects of that period focused mainly on applying classical
elements to churches and modern buildings like palazzos and
villas. Many temple style buildings feature a peristyle (a
continuous line of columns around a building), a rare feature of
Renaissance architecture.
Most famous Temple Style buildings of the Neoclassical age:

PANTHEON, Paris, BRITISH MUSEUM, LA MADELEINE DE

by Jacques- London, Robert PARIS, by Pierre-

Germain Soufflot Smirke Alexandre Vignon

PALLADIAN STYLE
Palladian buildings were based on Andrea
Palladio’s style of villa construction. Some
of the buildings feature a balustrade which
is a railing with vertical supports along the
edge of the roof. There are vertical
supports within a balustrade known as
ROBERT ADAM (1728-1792) Britain
“balusters” or spindles”. It is also a He was known as the Palladian architect of the
classical method of crowning a building Neoclassical who designed two well-known
American civic buildings- The White House
that has a flat or low lying roof. One of the
and the United States Capitol. He had also
famous architects in the era was: designed many country houses
Most famous PALLADIAN buildings of the Neoclassical age:

WHITE UNITED STATES

HOUSE CAPITOL
These mansions illustrate that while Palladian architecture shares certain basic
features, (derived from the villas of Palladio) it takes diverse forms.
 CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE
The building features a rectangular or square plan, with a flat roof
and an exterior rich in classical detail. The exterior features a
repeated classical pattern or series of arches and/or columns. The
overall impression of such a building was a huge, classically-
decorated rectangular block. Classical block aesthetic was also
known as “Beaux-Arts style”, since it was developed principally by
the French École des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts). Classical
block architecture also flourished in the United States, particularly in
Famous Architects of this architectural style were:

A. HENRI LABROUSTE - His masterpiece is the Library of

SainteGeneviève
Famous Architects of this architectural style were:

B. CHARLES GARNIER – He designed the most famous classical block

of all which is the Palais Garnier (a Neobaroque opera house).
 OTHER BUILDINGS IN CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE:

NEW YORK
PUBLIC
LIBRARY BY:
CARRERE &
HASTINGS
ARCHITECTUR
AL FIRM, 1895
 OTHER BUILDINGS IN CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE:

BOSTON
PUBLIC
LIBRARY
BY:
CHARLES
FOLLEN
MCKIM,
1895
ROMANTICISM 1800s-
1810s
Romanticism was a movement in which the
artists of Neoclassical period sought to
break new ground in the expression of
emotion, both subtle and stormy. It
embraced a number of distinctive themes,
such as a longing for history, supernatural
elements, social injustices, and nature.

Landscape painting also became more

popular due to the peoples’ romantic
adoration of nature.
Characteristics:
• shows the height of action
• emotional extremes
• celebrated nature as out of
control
• dramatic compositions
• heightened sensation (life
and death moments)
 ROMANTIC PAINTING
(Portraits/Figures)
The paintings of the Romantic period gave
more emphasis on emotion. Artists
expressed as much feeling and passion as
it could be on a canvas.
PAINTERS OF THE
ROMANTIC PERIOD
JEAN LOUIS THÉODORE GÉRICAULT
(1791-1824) France

Géricault was the first French

master and the leader of the
French realistic school. His
masterpieces were energetic,
powerful, brilliantly colored,
and tightly composed
 Famous Artworks:

THE RAFT OF THE

MEDUSA (T. Géricault)

The Raft of the Medusa

portrays the victims of a
contemporary
shipwreck. The people
on this raft were French
emigrants en route to
West Africa.
Famous Artworks:

CHARGING CHASSEUR (T.

Géricault)

His first major work revealed the

influence of the style of Rubens and
an interest in the depiction of
contemporary subject matter.

INSANE WOMAN (T. Géricault)

One of several portraits Gericault

made of the mentally disabled
that has a peculiar hypnotic
power.
EUGÈNE DELACROIX (1798-
1863) France
Delacroix was considered the
greatest French Romantic painter of
all. He achieved brilliant visual effects
using small, adjacent strokes of
contrasting color. He was the most
influential to most of Romantic
painters and eventually, his technique
was adopted and extended by the
Impressionist artists.
 Famous Artworks:

LIBERTY LEADING THE

PEOPLE (E. Delacroix)

This painting commemorates

the July Revolution of 1830,
which toppled King Charles X
of France. A woman holding
the flag of the French
Revolution personifies Liberty
and leads the people forward
over the bodies of the fallen.
 FRANCISCO GOYA
(1746-1828) Spain

Francisco Goya was a

commissioned Romantic
painter by the King of Spain.
He was also a printmaker
regarded both as the last of
the “Old Masters” and the first
 Famous Artworks:

THE THIRD OF MAY (F.

Goya)

The Third of May is Goya’s

masterpiece that sought to
commemorate Spanish
resistance to Napoleon's
armies during the occupation
of 1808 in the Peninsular
War.
Famous Artworks:
SATURN DEVOURING HIS SON (F.
Goya)

This artwork depicts the Greek myth of

the Titan Cronus (Saturn), who fears that
he would be overthrown by one of his
children, so he ate each one upon their
birth.
THE BURIAL OF SARDINE

The "Burial of the Sardine" was a

Spanish ceremony celebrated on Ash
Wednesday and was a symbolical
burial of the past to allow society to be
reborn, transformed with new vigor.
 ROMANTIC PAINTING
(Landscape Painting)
Landscape painting depicts the physical world that surrounds us
and includes features such as mountains, valleys, vegetation, and
bodies of water. The sky is another important element shaping
the mood of landscape paintings. Landscape art ranges from
highly detailed and realistic to impressionistic, romantic and
idealized.
Famous landscape artists during the Romantic Period:

Théodore Rousseau Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot

Famous Artworks:

THE CHURCH OF
LE REPOS SOUS LES SAULES (J. Corot)
MARISSEL, NEAR
Famous Artworks:

DER KLEINE FISCHER LANDSCAPE WITH A

(T. Rousseau) PLOWMAN (T. Rousseau)
 ROMANTIC
SCULPTURE
Romantic sculpture can be divided into works
that concern about the human world and those
that concern the natural world. The leading
sculptors of each type were Rude and Barye,
respectively.
FRANÇOIS RUDE (1784-1855)
France
François Rude was best known for his
social art which aimed to inspire and
capture the interest of a broad public.
He rejected the classical repose of the
late 18th- and early 19th-century
French sculpture in favour of a dynamic,
emotional style and created many
monuments that stirred the public for
Famous Artworks:
DEPARTURE OF THE
VOLUNTEERS (F. Rude)

Known as La Marseillaise,
this work portrays the
goddess liberty urging the
forces of the French
Revolution onward.

JEANNE D’ARC
(F. Rude)
ANTOINE-LOUIS BARYE (1796-
1875) France

He was the most famous

animal sculptor of all time.
He studied the anatomy of
his subjects by sketching
residents of the Paris zoo.
Famous Artworks:

HERCULES
SITTING
ON A BULL (A.
Barye)

THESEUS
SLAYING THE
MINOTAUR (A.
Barye)
 GOTHIC REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE
(NEOGOTHIC)
Gothic Revival, also referred to as Victorian Gothic or Neo-Gothic, is
an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England.
Many of Neogothic buildings feature castellation in which the walls
and towers are crenellated in imitation of medieval castles. Indeed,
heavily castellated Neogothic buildings have been often referred to as
“castles”, even though they never served as a defensive structure.
Among them was Strawberry Hill (demolished and restored), the most
 Gothic Revival
became widely
used for churches
and civic buildings
throughout the
West, especially in
Britain and the
United States.
Bricks and stones
STRAWBERRY HILL, LONDON (Restored) were both
Architects who used
Neogothic Style:
 CHARLES BARRY
was the name behind Britain’s
foremost Gothic Revival monument,
the Westminster Palace (a.k.a. the
Houses of Parliament).

WESTMINSTER PALACE
(LONDON)
 JAMES RENWICK
Renwick’s crowning American
work: the St. Patrick’s Cathedral
(New York). ST. PATRICK’S
CATHEDRAL
(MANHATTAN)
NEOCLASSICISM and ROMANTICISM in the
Philippines

Here in the Philippines, the ideology of Neoclassicism

and Romanticism can be seen through various major
artworks such as paintings, sculptures and
architectural structures. Some of the well-known
contributing artists express their skills and ideas in
their own respective field of specialization.
 FÉLIX RESURRECCIÓN
HIDALGO Y PADILLA (1855-
1913)
Felix Hidalgo was one of the
great Filipino painters of the
late 19th century who was
significant in the Philippine
history for inspiring members
of the Philippine reform
Famous Artworks:

THE CHRISTIAN VIRGINS

BEING EXPOSED TO THE
POPULACE (F. Hidalgo)

The painting portrays two

scantily clothed Christian
female slaves being mocked by
a group of boorish Roman male
onlookers.
JUAN LUNA Y NOVICIO (1857-
1899)
Juan Luna was a painter and sculptor, who
became one of the first recognized Philippine
artists. He was also a political activist of the
Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century.
One of his famous artwork was the Spoliarium.
Spoliarium is a Latin word referring to the
basement of the Roman Colosseum wherein the
fallen and dying gladiators were dumped and
devoid of their worldly possessions. The painting
features a glimpse of Roman history centered on
the bloody carnage brought by gladiatorial
 Famous Artworks:

SPOLIARIUM (J. Luna)

The subject of Luna’s Spoliarium can be interpreted as an allegory of Imperial Rome corresponding to Imperial Spain.
The image of the Romans dragging the dead gladiators symbolizes the colonial oppression of the indigenous populations
FERNANDO CUETO AMORSOLO
(1892-1972)
Amorsolo was a National
Artist in Painting. He was a
portraitist and painter of rural
Philippine landscapes, and he
was popularly known for his
craftsmanship and mastery of
the use of light.
Famous Artworks:

PLANTING
RICE WITH
MAYON
VOLCANO
(F. Amorsolo)
 GUILLERMO ESTRELLA
TOLENTINO (1890–1976)

Tolentino is a Filipino
sculptor who was named
National Artist for the Visual
Arts in 1973, and is hailed
as the “Father of Philippine
Arts.”
Famous Artworks:
The Original Oblation at the 3rd PAMBANSANG BANTAYOG NI
floor of the Main Library of U.P. ANDRES BONIFACIO (G. Tolentino)
Diliman
NAPOLEÓN ISABELO VELOSO
ABUEVA
Abueva is a National artist for
Sculpture. He was entitled as the
"Father of Modern Philippine
Sculpture". He has been the only
Boholano to be given the
distinction of National Artist of the
Philippines in the field of Visual
 Famous Artworks:
SIYAM NA DIWATA NG SINING (N. Abueva)
NEOCLASSICISM and ROMANTICISM in the
Philippines

There is an article on the internet by R.G. Chan &

Associates that discusses some of the Neoclassical
and Romantic Architecture during the American
colonization in the Philippines. Shown below are
the pictures of some buildings built that time.
Zamboanga Municipal Building

Laguna Provincial Capitol

Negros Occidental Provincial Capitol

Cebu Normal School

Iloilo Customs House

Sorsogon Municipal Building

Zamboanga Normal School

Bureau of Science and Insular

Laboratory
San Fernando Provincial Hospital

Baguio Government Center

Corregidor Island

Laoag Normal School

Executive House

Elks Club
Paco Train Station

American High Commission Mansion

Bontoc Catholic Church University of the Philippines Manila

Manila
Post Office
 GROUP ACTIVITY:
Activity: Make it happen
Direction: Create your own masterpiece using the art styles of Neoclassic or
Romantic period. Choose your masterpiece as to your preference whether it is an
architecture, a painting or a sculpture.

Materials for architecture:

Indigenous material such as (matchstick, cardboard, barbecue stick, popsicle stick, wood
bark, carton, box, etc.)

Materials for painting:

Short bond paper, any coloring materials (water color, oil pastel, crayon, etc.), pencil
criteria:

quality of artwok 35%

creative process 35%

neatness 30%
quiz:
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer before the number. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answer.

___ 1. Romanticism was a reaction to the classical, contemplative nature of _____

pieces.
A. Neoclassical C. Gothic Revival
B. Romanticism D. None of The Above
___ 2. This painting portrays the victims of a contemporary shipwreck. The people
on this painting were French emigrants en route to West Africa.
A. The Raft of Medusa C. Liberty Leading the People
B. The Third of May D. Departure of the Volunteers
___ 3. An architectural movement that began in the late 1740’s in England.
A. Valorian Gothic C. Gothic Resurrection
B. Gothic Revival D. Neon Gothic
___ 4. Romantic __________ can be divided into works that concern about the
human world and those concern the natural world.
___ 5. Type of a Neoclassical architecture that focused mainly on applying classical lements to churches and modern buildings.
A. Palladian Style C. Classical Block Style
B. Temple Style D. Neogothic Style

___ 6. The word neoclassic came from the Greek word _____ meaning “new”
A. neos C. helio
B. geo D. aneo

___ 7. Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of order and moderation in which artistic interpretations of classic Greek and
Roman history were restored to realistic portrayals.
A. Neoclassical Architechtures C. Neoclassical Painting
B. Neoclassical Sculptures D. All of the above

___ 8. A French architect from the famous École des Beaux-Arts school of architecture.
A. Robert Adam C. Henri Labrouste
B. Jacques-Louis David D. Charles Garnier

___ 9. A known Palladian architect of the Neoclassical who designed two wellknown American civic buildings.
A. Henri Labrouste C. Charles Garnier
B. Jacques-Louis David D. Robert Adam
___ 11. This painting was a state-commission by Charles X to have him remembered in the building works of the Louvre.
A. Psyche Awakened by Cupid’s Kiss C. The Death of Marat
B. Lion of Lucerne D. The Apotheosis of Homer

___ 12. A French architect, that designed the most famous architect of the Opéra de Monte-Carlo.
A. Bertel Thorvaldsen C. Charles Garnier
B. Robert Adam D. Jacques-Louis David

___ 13. A sculpture in Switzerland that commemorates the Swiss Guards were massacred in 1792 during the French Revolution.
A. Palais Garnier C. The Apotheosis of Homer
B. The Death of Marat D. Lion of Lucerne

___ 14. French painter in the Neoclassical style, and considered to be pre-eminent painter of the era.
A. Jacques-Louis David C. Henri Labrouste
B. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres D. Antonio Canova

___ 15. Italian Renaissance painters like Raphael, Nicolas Pousin, Botticelli and a
student of Jacques-Louis David.
A. Bartel Thorvaldsen C. Henri Labrouste
B. Antonio Canova D. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres