Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Nationally and globally, waste management is the most common problem,

which is caused by the rapid increase in the population of the world, hence, the
increase of waste that is being thrown and discharge. Due to the fast pace of
urbanization, waste management is becoming a bigger issue each day in each
developed and developing countries. The waste created from various sources will
lead to environmental pollution arising without an effective and well-organized
solid waste management besides it is also one of the factors which affects the
health environment of the people.

In Visayas, Philippines, Guimaras Island, specifically in Guimaras State

University, is not an exception in which it affects the studies and work environment
of the students, instructors, and staff of the said university. In the approach of a
smart university, the objective is to provide a university with basic infrastructure to
give a decent quality of life, a clean and sustainable environment through
application of some smart solutions. One of the basic infrastructures is sanitation
and solid waste management. Internet of Thing [IoT] can play an important role in
providing a smart solution for waste management that will reduce costs and
increase efficiency.

Rather than traversing all the route to clean the waste bins, it is more
efficient if the waste management system able to alert the garbage collector only
the waste bin that requires to be emptied. Thus, this able to optimize collection
routing and save time and fuel. A system that able to collect and analyze data are
important as a decision support tool to help the local authority or waste
management contractor to improve their service. In general, the ultrasonic sensor
will be used to measure the distance of objects regardless of shape, size and color

1
 of garbage and able to give an output of the current. Distance sensor is a
non-contact ultrasonic sensor, which measures the distance without touching the
objects.

This research proposed a project to develop a smart waste management

system using the ultrasonic sensor to provide a complete system to monitor the
level of garbage deposited and deliver waste management solution to the
university. The proposed project will be composed of a sensor, waste bin, and a
real-time monitoring system. After the waste bin has been emptied the smart
waste bin will update the waste bin status and transmit the information again to
the control station. A web-based application is developed to monitor the waste bin
status and collection activity.

Objectives of the Study

General Objective:

This study aimed to provide a university with basic infrastructure to give a

quality education, a clean and sustainable environment through smart solutions.

Specific Objective:

Specifically, this aimed to:

1. To monitor waste deposited in the bins.

2. To optimize waste and prevent overflowing of garbage.
3. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and maintain the cleanliness of the University.
4. Generate reports of waste bin status.

2
Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

• Admin log in • Information by SMART WASTE

information the admin MANAGEMENT
• Garbage • Information by
collector garbage
collector
information
• Generating
• Level of waste
admin/garbage
collected collector web
through port view
• Waste collecting
monthly report
and history
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the proposed project. As for

the process, it was handled differently, respective to each input. The level of the
waste gathered in the garbage bin was sent through the port. For the identification,
the user will classify himself/herself as the admin or garbage collector.

The overall output of the web application Smart Waste Management was to
address the problem of overflowing trash bins in the University and foster healthy
environmentally friendly Guimaras State University.

3
Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be beneficial and significant to the following
person, group of persons and organization:

– The result of this study will help the garbage collectors to be

informed and notified about the possibility of waste to be collected.

– The development of the study will help the students studying and
visiting the University to have a better and cleaner learning environment.

– The result of the study will be useful to the instructors in teaching

with a cleaner learning environment.

– The outcome of this study may be able to help the future

researchers for they could be able to gain valuable and knowledgeable insights.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Scope

This study entitled Smart Waste Management aimed to focus on delivering

a waste management solution to help optimize waste to maintain cleanliness in
the University. This study was performed at Guimaras State University-Mosqueda
Campus, Alaguisoc, Jordan, Guimaras, Philippines and with the hardware device
installed in an office trash bin for test subject.

Limitation

This study was limited to monitoring of waste in the trash bins with an
ultrasonic sensor that was programmed to do a real time monitoring via web
application through web application. The measuring distance of the waste through

4
the sensor was solely focused on the height and the accuracy of the measurement
depends on the dumping and the position of the trash inside the bin. The location
of the sensor affects the accuracy reading of the device with a set distance of the
garbage bin and an interval of 1.0sec.

Definition of Terms

The terms used in this study were defined technically and operationally.

Ultrasonic Sensor – an electronic device used to measure the distance of the

target object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves.[3]

In this study, ultrasonic sensor was used to measure the waste level on the
trash bin.

Web Application – an application program that is stored on a remote server and

delivered over the internet through a browser interface.[2]

In this study, web application was used as a server to deliver the waste
levels measured.

Breadboard – a solderless device for temporary prototype with electronic and test
circuit designs.[7]

In this study, breadboard was used as a foundation to hold the electronic

components and circuits that are wired together.

NodeMCU - An open-source firmware and development kit that helps you to

prototype your IOT product within a few Lua script lines.[6]

In this study, NodeMCU was used as an open-source hardware for

sending the waste level gathered to the system.

5
 Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Theoretical Background
The more trash generated the more emissions we produce. Too much trash
has a huge threat to the environment, health and safety. The lack of waste
management will probably lead to pollution, flooding and spread of infectious
diseases specifically in the Province of Guimaras, if not controlled. In addition,
even the garbage trucks being provided in every municipality particularly in Jordan
isn’t enough to control solid waste since we can still see piles of garbage
everywhere.
Hence, in order to control trashes and to maintain cleanliness, the
researchers will generate a technology that is efficient and sustainable waste
management. The level of trash will be monitored by placing bins which contains
ultrasonic sensor in a chosen school campus and a programmed website that will
be used to gather the data provided by the sensor. It can be an effective way in
reducing waste, maintain cleanliness, less manpower, reduce cost, and less fuel
use.
In general, nothing is more important than developing an effective solution
for a sustainable waste management as it will be advantage for humans and
environment as well.

Related Literature
The researchers had found several research studies related to this study:
The study of Krithika. S, et al. on Automated Trash Monitoring System for
Waste Management Using IoT– (I-Bin) is focused on the developing an automated
smart trash monitor with embedded system with the use of IoT. In the conduct of

6
the study, the researchers developed the web application with Bootstrap as the
front-end, as it is an open-source library for websites and web applications. The
study also contains both CSS and HTML based design syntax for the components
and structure of the eb application, PHP is then used as the back-end process of
the development and MySQL serves as the database storage. Google maps API
are used in the web application to optimize routes. Ultrasonic sensor and
Raspberry Pi are used to designing the circuit. The result shows that the system is
fully verified and tested.[4]

The study of Zainal Hisham Che Soh, et al. entitled Smart Waste Collection
Monitoring and Alert System via IoT focused on the development of an IoT based
smart waste collection monitoring and alert system utilizing Ubidots Cloud. The
system used an ultrasonic sensor and connected to the Arduino UNO to monitor
waste level of the garbage bin and sent via Arduino Ethernet Shield. The
researchers also used an online dashboard for online visualization and the
notification alert were sent on mobile phone via SMS. The result of this study
shows that the waste collection has become more effective and systematic.[8]

The study of Cheung et al. entitled A Real-Time Construction Safety

Monitoring System for Hazardous Gas Integrating Wireless Sensor Network and
Building Information Modeling Technologies proposed a real-time monitoring
system based on information modeling and a wireless sensor network to monitor
the safety of construction sites. Hazardous gas levels and environmental
conditions such as the temperature and humidity, were collected by wireless
sensor nodes and sent to a remote server. The proposed system triggered a
warning/alarm once an abnormal situation was detected. Case-study based
results showed that the proposed system improved the safety of the construction
site and helped the management with better decision making in real-time.[1]

7
 The study of Rio Allen G. Parilla, et al. on Low-Cost Garbage Level
Monitoring System in Drainages Using Internet of Things in the Philippines focused
on the development of an IoT-based garbage monitoring system. The system was
implemented in selected drainages at Cebu City, Philippines and Arduino UNO was
used as the microcontroller. A strainer has been attached in the middle of the
manhole to stop the accumulated garbage in the drainage. The results of the test
showed that the developed system can effectively deliver desired operations.[5]
Relevance of Literature Cited
Automated Trash Monitoring System for Waste Management Using IoT– (I-
Bin) by Krithika. S, et al. This study is focused on the development of a system that
automate trash monitoring for managing waste with the use of IoT or Internet of
Things. The system helped the garbage collectors to monitor the location and
status of bins.
The researchers believe that this literature is related to the current study for
it will also use CSS and HTML based design syntax for its components, PHP for its
back-end process and MySQL as its data storage. Also, ultrasonic sensor will be
used to design the circuit. The only difference is that it will use nodeMCU as a
replacement to Raspberry Pi.

Smart Waste Collection Monitoring and Alert System via IoT by Zainal
Hisham Che Soh, et al. This study is focused on the development of an IoT based
smart waste monitoring system that monitored and alert about the waste
collection by utilizing Ubidots Cloud. The system will monitor the waste level of the
garbage bin and will sent a notification alert on mobile phone via SMS. Also, it
uses an online dashboard for the online visualization.
The researchers believe that this literature is related to the current study
since it will also use ultrasonic sensor to monitor the waste level of the trash bin.
The only difference is that it will use nodeMCU to connect to the ultrasonic sensor
rather than Ardiuno UNO. Moreover, the system will not send a message alert

8
through SMS but the system will give a notification alert through the web
application.

A Real-Time Construction Safety Monitoring System for Hazardous Gas

Integrating Wireless Sensor Network and Building Information Modeling
Technologies by Cheung et al. This study focused on the development of a
real-time monitoring system based on building information modeling (BIM) and a
wireless sensor network (WSN) to monitor the safety of construction sites. The
system monitors the temperature and humidity of the construction sites with the
wireless sensor nodes and send it to the remote server.
The researchers believe that this literature is related to the current study
since it monitors real-time data and information using wireless sensor nodes and
sends to the internet. The only thing that differs is this study used wireless sensor
with the building information model to monitor the safety of the sites.

Low-Cost Garbage Level Monitoring System in Drainages Using Internet of

Things in the Philippines by Rio Allen G. Parilla, et al. This study focused in
developing a garbage monitoring system in drainages with the use of IoT. The
system monitors the level of garbage in the drainages and a strainer has also been
attached in the middle of the manhole to, help compare the garbage and water,
and stop the accumulated garbage. In this study Arduino UNO is used.
The researchers believe that this literature is related to the current study for
it also use an ultrasonic sensor to detect garbage levels and send the data over the
internet. But then, the related literature conducted the study in selected drainages
across Cebu City, Philippines, wherein the current study will use a regular trash bin
in the Guimaras State University – Mosqueda Campus to test the system.

9
 Chapter III

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

Technicality of the Project

The researchers have gathered all related research and thoughts about
what technologies to be used. With the project going on, the researchers continued
to search tools and software that was of help in the completion of the project.
The system Smart Waste Management was served as a web application
platform which alerts and notify the status of waste in the trash bins in a specific
area.

Technology Used
The following are technologies was used in creating a program:
Arduino IDE – is an open-source Arduino Software that makes it easy to
write code and upload it to the board. This software can be used with any Arduino
board.
PHP – (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) a widely used
open source general-purpose scripting language that is suited especially for web
development and can be embedded into HTML. It is a server side scripting
language that is used to develop web applications.

10
 MySQL – is an open-source relational database management system that is
based on the structure query language (SQL) which is used for adding, removing,
modifying, and updating information in the database. Add, Drop, Insert and Update
are basic SQL commands that can be used in MySQL.
Java – is a high level, class based, object oriented programming with a wide
range of applications. It is used for developing mobile and desktop applications,
software development, embedded systems and large system development. It is
intended to let developers write once, run anywhere, which means compiled Java
code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation.

Project Description
The researchers decided to use a Software Development Life Cycle Model
in developing the proposal project entitled Smart Waste Management, which is
composed of five (5) phases, Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, and
Testing & Maintenance. The project was served as a receiver and sender of the
data for the monitoring of waste levels from the trash bins.
The First Phase is the planning where the proponents were defined the
problem based on the actual observation of the current states of wastes that are
overflowing the trash bins. In this phase, the will come up to this study as a
solution to the overflowing of trash bins in the area, it would be of great help with
the garbage collectors in gathering and collecting waste.
The Second Phase was the Analysis where the researchers analyzed the
current process of collecting waste in different areas/campus of the University.
The researchers investigated any problems associated with it and evaluate
alternative solutions.
Third Phase was the Design where proponents would start to design the
system. In this phase, the researchers decided that the development of the web

11
application design and framework, HTML and CSS was used. For web scripting,
PHP and Javascript was used. Lastly, Java was used in developing the web
application.
Fourth is the Implementation Phase where the researchers implemented the
system and provides training to the administrator and users. In this phase, the
results were determined and observed by running the system for a long period of
time to test if the user would benefit the feature of the proposed system.
The last phase was the Testing and Maintenance. In this phase, researchers
would test and ensure that the system will run and function properly. It includes
accuracy, effectiveness, functionality and security of the system. It also conducted
system maintenance and debugging the identified errors as well as the
enhancement of the system performance.

12
 Chapter IV

METHODOLOGY
Process Model

The development of this project is based on the software development life

cycle (SDLC) model. It consists of Planning, Analysis, Designing, Implementation
and Testing, and Maintenance. The SDLC is a methodology for improving the
quality of software and overall development process of the system.
Figure 2 below represents the System Development Life Cycle model
consists of five (5) major phases.

PLANNING

TESTING AND
ANALYSIS
MAINTENANCE

IMPLEMENTAT
DESIGN
ION

Figure 2. The System Development Life Cycle Model

13
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PHASES

Planning Phase

The project planning of the proposed project was discussed in this phase.
The proponents hold a meeting to determine the requirements of the project, like
who will benefits from the project, the data needed to be receive, what should the
result of the system and how the system will work.

Analysis Phase

In this phase, researchers identified what the end-user needs and would
provide specified features in building the system. Also, the researchers have
already identified the problem associated and the proposed project will be the
alternative solution.

Design Phase

In this phase, the proposed system was designed and prepared based on
the gathered specification and features. The system design specification serves
as input to the next phase of this model.

Implementation Phase

In this phase, majority of the code of system and program was written. The
installation of the web application and testing of the system was implemented.
This is the longest phase of software development.

Testing and Maintenance Phase

In this phase, the researchers tested and ensure that the system runs
efficiently and function properly. It includes accuracy, effectivity, functionality and
security of the system. It also conducted system maintenance and debugging for
errors identified as well as enhance the system performance.

14
PHASES TASKS
T1 Group Organization
T2 Finalizing Research Title
PLANNING
T3 Proposal and Approval Making

T4 Redefining the Problem

ANALYSIS T5 Title Making and Proposal
T6 Requirement Analysis
T7 System Software and Hardware Design

DESIGN
T8 Verification of Software and Hardware
Design
T9 Project Presentation
IMPLEMENTATION
T10 Delivery and Support
T11 System Testing and Debugging
TESTING AND MAINTENANCE
T12 Database Testing and Debugging

Table 1. PHASES OF SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE AND

CORRESPONDING TASKS

15
Planning Phase

Group Organization

The study was proposed by the group. Each researcher has its
corresponding role in the development of the proposed system. The researchers
organized their selves and assigned tasks to make the research work faster.

Figure 3. Organizational Structure of the System

16
17
RESEARCHER ROLE ROLE DESCRIPTION
Rhea May F. EslabonProject Manager The person who is responsible for the entire
(PM) / Programmer team and accomplishing the proposed
project. She is in-charge in attaining
objectives and building project requirements
for the success of the entire project.
Roselyn L. Galapin System Analyst / UIThe persons who are capable to analyze and
Designer design the system. They serve as the
consultant and supporting members. The one
who prepares the design of the user-interface
of the web. She coordinates well with the
Project Manager (PM).
Faith S. Liguan Programmer / UIThe persons who are capable of developing,
Designer maintaining, debugging and troubleshooting
the system. She coordinates well with the
Project Manager and System Analyst.
Jesse Rey E. Savaris Hardware Designer The ones responsible for the design of the
Leomart M. Lopez hardware. They coordinate well with the
System Analyst

Table 2. THE RESEARCHERS WITH THE CORRESPONDING ROLE

18
Proposal Making

The researchers had proposed the project in front of the set of panelist and
was given permission to conduct the study by Dr. Simeon J. Cainday III, Dean
College of Science and Technology as well as the Program heads.

Project Planning

Table 3 shows the development plan of the study including schedules and
tasks intended to complete the study. To achieve the groups goals and objectives,
the study and development plan were discussed. The members of the group
worked according to their roles at each specific duration given by the project
manager for completion. The entire group worked on the task specification and
details.

19
TASK TASK IN-CHARGE DURATION
# (Weeks)
PLANNING

T1 Group Organization Project Team 1

T2 Research Title Finalization Project Team 1
T3 Proposal Making and Approval Project Team 1

ANALYSIS

T4 Redefining the Problem Project Team 1

T5 Title Making and Proposal Project Team 1
T6 Requirement Analysis Project Team 1

DESIGN

System Software and Hardware System Analyst /2

T7
Design Hardware Designer

Verification of Software and System Analyst 3

T8
Hardware Design

IMPLEMENTATION

T9 Project Presentation Project Team 1

T10 Delivery and Support Programmer 2

TESTING AND MAINTENANCE

T11 System Testing and Debugging Project Team 3

T12 Database Testing and Debugging Programmer 3

20
Table 3. STUDY DEVELOPMENT PLAN DETAILS ON SOFTWARE BASED ON
SOFTWARE

Figure 4. Gantt Chart of the Study

The Project Team worked according to their roles at each specific task.
Depending on the task, the proponent or the entire group worked on the task
specification and details. Each task has specific duration for completion.

21
Analysis Phase

User Requirements

Admins were required knowledge in administrating the website such as

checking garbage bin status, checking updates, and monitoring user information.
Garbage collector would require knowledge to use the website to log in and
register his/her information when monitoring the garbage bin status.

Requirement Analysis

The researchers analyzed and understood that the user shall met with the
proposed system.

Design Phase

System Software and Hardware Design

The researchers planned the software operations and functions of the

system. Actual physical design implementation of the system in both system and
users were also planned.

Flow Chart

A System Flowchart is a graphical representation of the flow of the data in

the proposal system and represents the work process of the proposed system.
Represented by various shapes with specifications.

22
Figure 5. Admin Log-in Flowchart

23
Figure 6. Admin Web Application Homepage

24
Figure 7. Admin Web Application Information Column

25
Figure 8. User Log-in Flowchart

26
Figure 9. User Web Application Homepage

27
Context Diagram

A context Diagram defines the boundary between the system or a particular part of the
system and its environment showing the entities interact with it. In line with the proposed Process
Flow and the user’s task, the Data Flow Diagram below illustrates the flow of data within the user

transactions.

Figure 10. Context Diagram of the System

28
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

A data flow diagram is a presentation of the data flow process or a system.

DFD provides information about the inputs and outputs of the entity and process

itself.

Figure 11. Level 0 of the System

29
Figure 12. Level 1 of the System

Figure 13. Level 1, Log in

30
 Figure 14. Level 1, Waste Management

Figure 15. Level 1, Report Management

31
System Architecture

A system architecture is the conceptual model that will define the structure,
behavior, and more views of a system.

INTE RNE T

User Web Monitoring

ESP 8266 NodeMCU

Receives and Sends

Ultrasonic sensor to
monitor garbage level

Figure 16. System Architecture of the Project

32
Hardware Design
A hardware design is the draft of designs to make prototype of the
hardware for accuracy and supervising the installation process.

Figure 17. Hardware Design on Breadboard with the Connectivity of Elements

33
Implementation

The proposed project was implemented at the Guimaras State University –

Mosqueda Campus, Alaguisoc, Jordan Guimaras. The main objective of the
system is to provide a university with basic infrastructure to give a quality
education, a clean and sustainable environment through smart solutions.

Testing and Maintenance

The researchers conducted tests to know if the system is functional and

would be subjected to debugging if it is prone to bugs for user satisfaction. It was
done to make sure if the system’s functions can compensate the system
objectives.

34
Development of the System

The system Smart Waste Management was piloted at Guimaras State

University-Mosqueda Campus, Alaguisoc, Jordan, Guimaras, Philippines.

System Hardware Model

Fi
g
u
r
e
1
8.

S
y
s
t
e
m Hardware inside the Garbage Bin Cover

Figure 18 shows the hardware of the Smart Waste Management composed

of an ultrasonic sensor, ESP8266 NodeMCU, LCD screen, LED lights and sensor
holder. The ultrasonic sensor is placed under the cover facing the waste being
thrown inside the garbage bin. The LCD screen is used to display the instruction so
that the user can interact with the device with the help of LED for lights indicator.
The holder is used to clamp and protect the sensor when the sensor attached to
the unit.

35
 Figure 19. Waste Level Reading through LED
Figure 19 shows the waste level with timer set at one (1) second. This
interface displays the level/distance as the sensor reads data from the waste bin.
After reading the data, the result is saved in the temporary memory and ready for
viewing. The LED light Green in color indicating empty (0%) of the waste level

gathered.

36
 Figure 20. Waste Level Reading through LED

Figure 20 shows the waste level with the LED light Green and Orange in
color indicating half full (50%) of the waste level gathered.

Figure 21. Waste Level Reading through LED

Figure 21 shows the waste level with the LED light Green, Orange and Red in
color indicating full (100%) of the waste level gathered.

37
 Figure 22. Smart Waste Management Home page

Figure 23. Log in Page for Admin

Figure 23 shows the Login Page of the system. The user can access the
system by using their username and password. The page is automatically
redirected to page based on the information provided by the user. There is a page
for the user and another page for the administrator.

38
 Figure 24. Admin Dashboard page

Figure 24 shows the Admin Page. This page contains links for dashboard,
staffs, garbage bins, reports, print, profile, settings and logout. The available tool is
accessible only for the admin of the system. This will be done by the system
administrator. The Admin Page can be opened by providing username and

password for the administrator access.

39
 Figure 25. Admin Staff view

Figures 25 to 29 show the Staffs Page. This page displays the list of links
for garbage collector data. The commands add, edit, row number, search and
delete were available for authorized user.

Figure 26. Add Staff

40
 Figure 27. Edit Staff

Figure 28. Delete Staff

41
 Figure 29. Staff Rows

Figure 30. Admin Garbage Bin Search

42
 Figure 30 shows the list of garbage bin in the area. This page displays the
list of bins added in the system. Only the waste bin listed are subjected to the
system. To access this page, the administrator should click the Garbage Bin

button from the Menu.

Figure 31. Admin Reports

Figure 31 shows the Report Page. This page displays reports of the garbage
bins when empty, bit, and full. The report is composed of bin name, location and
percentage, status and date created, these data can be downloaded in CSV, Excel,
PDF format and printed. To access this page, the administrator should click Report
button in the Menu.

43
 Figure 32. Search Report

Figures 32 to 34 show the Report Page. This page displays the list of
links for garbage bin waste collection data. This is composed of garbage bin name,
status, started date and end date that is available for admin only.

44
Figure 33. Search Report Started Date

Figure 34. Search Report End Date

45
 Figure 35. Admin Profile

Figure 35 shows the Profile Page. This page displays profile of the. The
administrator can change the first name, last name, username, password and set
up a profile picture. To access this page, the administrator should click Profile

button in the Menu tray.

Figure 36. User Log in Interface

46
Figure 37. User Dashboard

Figure 38. User Profile

47
 Figure 39. User Profile

Figure 38 and 39 shows the user Profile Page. This page displays profile of
the. The user can change the first name, last name, address, birthday, gender,
username, password and set up a profile picture. To access this page, the user
should click Profile button in the Menu tray.

48
 Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

Waste management is the most common problem, which is caused by the

rapid increase in the population of the world, hence, the increase of waste that is
being thrown and discharge. This research was developed with the use of
ESP8266 NodeMCU, with built-in WiFi, embedded with an ultrasonic sensor that
will detect the waste level in the trash bin. A trash bin was place at the Guimaras
State University-Mosqueda Campus, as a test subject bin. The system was then
test to send and receive data from the sensor to the web application and to the
user.

The general objective of the study was to provide a university with basic
infrastructure to give a quality education, a clean and sustainable environment
through smart solutions.

The result of the study was the following:

1. The device was developed and provided reliable readings waste level in the
waste bin, then the results were sent to the system through the port.
2. The device detects the waste level deposited and sends data to the system
real-time through the port.
3. Both the hardware and software of the system works together in generating
reports of waste collection.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were made:

49
 1. The device was successfully developed and was able to read the
percentage level of waste deposited in the waste bin.
2. The system was deemed significant to the waste collection and maintain a
clean-sustainable environment.
3. The system was a valuable tool for providing a university with basic smart
infrastructure.

Recommendation

Though the system offers significant contributions in the aspect of

monitoring the garbage levels in Guimaras State University – Mosqueda Campus,
Alaguisoc, Jordan, Guimaras, Philippines, several system limitations were
pinpointed for future research.

1. Integrate a wireless connection of the hardware to the system once the

device sends data and the system receives.
2. Further enhance the system’s smart features, particularly in determining the
exact garbage level.
3. The system’s power supply should be non-disruptive. Hence, it is proposed
to use solar energy as the primary power source to operate the system.
4. Enhance the design of the bin since the location of the sensor affects the
accuracy reading of the device.

50
 References
[1] Cheung, W.-F.; Lin, T.-H.; Lin, Y.-C. (2018). A Real-Time Construction Safety
Monitoring System for Hazardous Gas Integrating Wireless Sensor Network and
Building Information Modeling Technologies. , 18 of 24.
[2] Contributor, T. (2019, August). . Retrieved from
techtarget.com:
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eb
app#:~:text=A%20Web%20application%20(Web%20app,all%2C%20websites%20c
ontain%20Web%20apps.
[3] Jost, D. (2019, October 7). Retrieved from
fierceelectronics.com:
https://www.fierceelectronics.com/sensors/what-ultrasonic-sensor
[4] Krithika. S, Kaja Maideen J, Madan T K C. (September 2019). An Automated Trash
Monitoring System for Waste Management Using IoT– (I-Bin).
, Volume-8,
Issue-6S3.
[5] Rio Allen G. Parilla, Oliver Joseph C. Leorna, Roces Dave P. Attos, Maria Gemel B.
Palconit and Jun-Jun A. Obiso. (2020). Low-Cost Garbage Level Monitoring
System in Drainages Using Internet of Things in the Philippines.
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