Safety and risk Management

Safety Signs

Safety and Risk Management

Safety Signs and Tags

Definitions
 The word sign refers to a
surface prepared for the
warning of, or safety
instructions of, industrial
workers or members of the
public who may be exposed to
hazards.
 Excluded from this definition,
however, are news releases,
displays commonly known as
safety posters, and bulletins
used for employee education.

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Specifications for accident prevention

signs and tags.
 Both OSHA 1910.145 and ANSI Z535.2 applies to
the design, application, and use of signs or
symbols intended to indicate and, insofar as
possible, to define specific hazards of a nature
such that failure to designate them may lead to
accidental injury to workers or the public, or both,
or to property damage.
 These specifications are intended to cover all
safety signs except those designed for streets,
highways, railroads, and marine regulations.
 These specifications do not apply to plant bulletin
boards or to safety posters.

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Classification of signs according

to use
 OSHA 1910.145 classifies signs
according to use into three categories..
 Danger signs
➢ Signs posted to warn of specific dangers and
radiation hazards must all have the same
type of design and be used only where an
immediate hazard exists.
 Caution signs.
➢ Use caution signs only to warn against
potential hazards or caution against unsafe
practices.
 Safety instruction signs.
➢ Use these signs where needed for general
instructions and suggestions relative to safety
measures.

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ANSI Z535.2-2002
 Accident Prevention signs are classified
by ANSI Z535.2-2002 into eight classes:
➢ DANGER—Indicate an immediately hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, will result in death
or serious injury. Danger is limited to the most
extreme situations.
➢ WARNING—Indicate a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, could result in
death or serious injury.
➢ CAUTION—Indicate a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result in
minor or moderate injury. Caution may also be
used to alert against unsafe practices.

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ANSI Z535.2-2002
 Accident Prevention signs are classified
by ANSI Z535.2-2002 into eight classes:
➢ NOTICE—Indicate a statement of company policy
as the message relates directly or indirectly to the
safety of personnel or protection of property.
➢ GENERAL SAFETY—Indicate general
instructions relative to safe work practices,
reminders of proper safety procedures, and the
location of safety equipment.
➢ FIRE SAFETY—Indicate the location of
emergency fire fighting equipment.
➢ The other two classifications are
• DIRECTIONAL ARROW SIGNS, and
• SPECIAL SIGNS.

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Examples of Danger signs

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Examples of Warning Signs

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Examples of Caution signs

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Examples of Notice signs

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Examples of Safety Signs

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Fire Safety signs

 Fire safety signs may be used to
indicate the location of emergency
firefighting equipment.
 These signs do NOT have a signal
word.
 The message panel shall be in safety
red letters on a white background in
either a square or rectangular field and
the symbol/pictorial panel, if used, shall
be safety red on white or white on
safety red.

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Directional Arrow Signs

 Directional arrow signs may be used to
indicate the direction to emergency
equipment, safety equipment, and other
locations important to safety.
 The arrow symbol shall be in white on a
black or colored background on a
rectangular field and this distinctive symbol
shall appear in the uppermost portion of
the visual alerting device when used by
itself or in conjunction with general safety
or fire safety signs.

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Special signs
Piping systems shall be identified:
➢Pipes, fittings, valves, and pipe coverings.

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Special signs
The RF radiation hazard-warning
symbol specified shall be used in
the identification of RF radiation
hazards.
Laser caution and warning signs
shall be in accordance with ANSI
Z136.1
Ionizing radiation warning signs,
labels, and signals shall contain
the radiation symbol.

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Material Safety Signs

 The National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) developed
a hazard identification
system for emergency
responders that is still in use
today.
 The NFPA diamond provides a
quick visual representation of
the health hazard,
flammability, reactivity, and
special hazards that a
chemical may pose during a fire
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NFPA Diamond

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NFPA Diamond
 The NFPA diamond consists of four color-coded
fields: blue, red, yellow, and white.
 The blue, red, and yellow fields—which represent
health hazard, flammability, and reactivity,
respectively—use a numbering scale ranging from
0 to 4.
 A value of 0 means that the material poses
essentially no hazard, whereas a rating of 4
indicates extreme danger.
 The white field is used to convey special hazards.
 higher values in the NFPA system indicate higher
hazards
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NFPA Diamond
BLUE Diamond Health Hazard RED Diamond Fire Hazard
4 Deadly 4 Below 73 °F
3 Extreme Danger 3 Below 100 °F
2 Hazardous 2 Above 100 °F Not Exceeding 200 °F
1 Slightly Hazardous 1 Above 200 °F
0 Normal Material 0 Will Not Burn
YELLOW Diamond Reactivity WHITE Diamond Special
Hazard
4 May Detonate ACID – Acid
3 Shock and Heat; May Detonate ALK – Alkali
2 Violent Chemical Change COR – Corrosive
1 Unstable if Heated OXY – Oxidizer
0 Stable ☢ – Radioactive
W – Use No Water
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OSHA 1910.145 Accident Prevention Tags

Accident prevention tags are used to

identify hazardous conditions.
Tags provide a message to employees
with respect to hazardous conditions.

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What is a Tag ?
Tag means a device usually made of card,
paper, pasteboard, plastic or other material
used to identify a hazardous condition.
Accident prevention tags shall be rectangular
in shape and shall be no smaller than 3 in x 5
in (7.6 cm x 12.7 cm).
The corners may be square cut, chamfered,
or rounded.

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Use of Tags
 Tags shall be used as a means to prevent
accidental injury or illness to employees
who are exposed to hazardous or
potentially hazardous conditions,
equipment or operations which are out of
the ordinary, unexpected or not readily
apparent.
 Tags shall be used until such time as the
identified hazard is eliminated or the
hazardous operation is completed.
 Tags need not be used where signs,
guarding or other positive means of
protection are being used.

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Tag Categories
Danger Tags
Caution Tags
Warning Tags
Radiation hazard tags
Biological Hazard tags

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Danger Tags
Used in major hazard
situations where an
immediate hazard presents
a threat of death or serious
injury to employees.
"DANGER" -- Red, or
predominantly red, with
lettering or symbols in a
contrasting color.
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Caution Tags
Used in minor hazard
situations where a non-
immediate or potential
hazard or unsafe practice
presents a lesser threat of
employee injury.
"CAUTION" -- Yellow, or
predominantly yellow,
with lettering or symbols
in a contrasting color.

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Warning Tags
 May be used to represent a hazard level between
"Caution" and "Danger," instead of the required
"Caution" tag, provided that they have a signal word
of "Warning," an appropriate major message, and
otherwise meet the general tag criteria.
 "WARNING" -- Orange, or predominantly orange,
with lettering or symbols in a contrasting color.

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Radiation Tags
 Used to identify the presence of a
radiation hazards and to identify
equipment, containers, rooms, or
combinations thereof, that contain
or are contaminated with hazardous
radiation hazards.
 The standard background for
Radiation tags shall be yellow; the
panel shall be reddish-purple. Any
letters used against the yellow
background shall be black.
 The standard radiation symbol shall
be prominently displayed and of a
size consistent with the size of the
equipment or area in which it is to
be used.
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Biological Hazard Tags

 Biological hazard tags shall be used to identify the actual
or potential presence of a biological hazard and to identify
equipment, containers, rooms, experimental animals, or
combinations thereof, that contain or are contaminated
with hazardous biological agents.
 The symbol design for biological
hazard tags shall conform to the
design shown.
 BIOLOGICAL HAZARD –
Fluorescent orange or
orange-red, or predominantly
so, with lettering or symbols in a
contrasting color.

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Other Tags
 Other tags may be used provided that they do not
detract from the impact or visibility of the signal word
and major message of any required tag.

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Control of hazardous energy sources

Lockout/tagout standards, methods and
devices

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Hazardous Energy
 Hazardous energy is any type of energy in
sufficient quantity to cause injury to a worker.
 Common sources of hazardous energy include
electricity, mechanical motion, pressurized air,
and hot and cold temperatures.
 Hazardous energy releases may occur during
the installation, maintenance, service, or repair
of machines, equipment, processes, or
systems.

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Hazardous Energy Sources Found in

the Workplace
❖ Electrical ❖Potential
❖ Generated ❖Pressure
❖ Static
 Hydraulic
❖ Mechanical  Pneumatic
❖ Transitional  Vacuum
❖ Rotational ❖Springs
❖ Thermal ❖Gravity
❖ Machines or Equipment
❖ Chemical Reactions

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Employer Responsibility
The employer shall establish an energy control
program consisting of:
➢ energy control procedures,
➢ employee training, and
➢ periodic inspections.
The program should ensure that before any
employee performs any servicing or
maintenance on a machine or equipment where
the unexpected energizing, startup or release of
stored energy could occur and cause injury, the
machine or equipment shall be isolated from the
energy source and rendered inoperative.

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Lockout/Tagout
“Lockout/tagout” refers to specific practices
and procedures to safeguard employees from
the unexpected energization or startup of
machinery and equipment, or the release of
hazardous energy during service or
maintenance activities.

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Lockout and Lockout Devices

Lockout
➢ Is the process of blocking the flow of
energy from a power source to a piece
of equipment continuously until such
block is removed.
➢ This is accomplished by installing a
lockout device at the source of the
power.
➢ This renders all equipment
powered by this source inoperable.
Lockout device
➢ Is a device that utilizes a positive means
such as a lock, block or chain that keeps
a valve or lever in the off position.
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Tagout and Tagout Devices

 Tagout
➢ The placement of a tagout device on an energy
isolating device, in accordance with an established
procedure, to indicate that the energy isolating
device and the equipment being controlled may not
be operated until the tagout device is removed.
➢ Although not a physical restraint, it alerts others to a
potential danger poised by the flow of energy being
restored from this particular source.
 Tagout device.
➢ A prominent warning device, such as a tag and a
means of attachment, which can be securely
fastened to an energy isolating device in accordance
with an established procedure, to indicate that the
energy isolating device and the equipment being
controlled may not be operated until the tagout
device is removed.
➢ To be effective, a tag must clearly state the tagout
message.

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Lockout/Tagout devices

Valve lockout/tagout.
Electrical lockout/tagout.
Miscallaneous lockout/tagout
Group lockout/tagout
➢www.labsafety.com
➢www.seton.com
➢www.accuform.com

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Lockout/Tagout center
 Keyed padlocks (two each of
blue, gold, green and red),
 Valve cover,
 Plug locks, one small plug
lock,
 Lockout checklist forms,
 Hasps,
 "Do Not Start" tags,
 "Danger" magnetic signs,
 Cable ties
 Copy of OSHA Standard
1910.147.

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Lockout / Tagout kits

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Hazardous Materials
Transportation
Department of Transportation (DOT)
requirement
➢ Familiarity with general regulations
➢ Recognize and identify hazardous materials
➢ Familiarity with job-specific requirements
➢ Knowledge of emergency response, personal
protection, and accident prevention procedures
➢ www.dot.org
Regulations
➢ OSHA 49 CFR Subpart H

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General Awareness
 Hazardous Materials are listed in OSHA 49 CFR 172.101
 The Hazardous Materials Table includes (among other things):

➢ Hazardous materials description and proper

shipping name
➢ Hazard Class or Division
➢ Identification Number
➢ Packing Group (PG)
➢ Labels
➢ Special Provisions
➢ Quantity Limitations

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General Awareness
Example:
Sulfuric Acid, 8, UN1830, PGII, RQ
Proper Shipping
Name (From Hazard Class
49CFR172.101) (8 = Corrosive Identification
Material) Number Packing
Group

Reportable Quantity exceeded

in shipment (Sulfuric Acid RQ =
1000 lbs.)

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Nine Hazard Classes defined by the DOT and

United Nations (UN)

 Hazardous materials by class numbers

class 1: explosive
class 2: gasses (compressed, liquefied or
dissolved under pressure)
class 3: flammable liquids
class 4: flammable solids or substances
class 5: oxidizers
class 6: poisonous or infectious substances
class 7: radioactive substances
class 8: corrosives
class 9: miscellaneous dangerous substances

the class number is the number located on the bottom

corner of the label or placard.

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Hazard Colour Code

 Orange: Explosive
 Red: Flammable Gas and Liquid
 White: Poison
 Black/White: Corrosive
 Yellow: Oxidizer
 Green: Non-flammable gas
 Yellow/White: Radio Active

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Hazard Class 1
Explosives (Orange)
Subdivided into 6 divisions
1.1 - Mass explosion hazard
1.2 - Projectile hazard
1.3 - Fire, minor blast or projectile
1.4 - Minor explosion
1.5 - Very insensitive explosives
1.6 - Extremely insensitive
 Explosions are very fast chemical reactions
which release large quantities of gas.
 Explosives include:
➢ sporting ammunition
➢ blasting charges and detonators
➢ fireworks

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Material Classification
Class 2 - Compressed Gases
A compressed gas has a physical hazard due
to the increased pressure under which the
chemical is maintained.
Compressed gases include:
➢oxygen
➢nitrogen
➢compressed air
➢acetylene

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Hazard Class 2
Gases
Pressurized or liquefied Gas
➢ Compressed nitrogen and liquified
petroleum gases (LPG) are examples
Product and container present
hazards
Three Subdivisions
➢ 2.1 - Flammable gases (Red)
➢ 2.2 - Non-Flammable, Non-Poisonous
(green)
➢ 2.3 - Poisonous Gases (white)

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Hazard Class 3
Flammable/Combustible Liquids (red)

Flammable Liquids can be ignited at room

temperature
Combustible Liquids require some degree
of pre-heating to ignite
Number 1 rule - eliminate ignition sources
Flammable liquids include:
➢gasoline
➢alcohols
➢solvents such as benzene

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Hazard Class 4 - Flammable

Solids
Three subdivisions
4.1 - Flammable Solids
4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible
4.3 - Dangerous when wet
Other flammable hazards include:
➢ flammable solids
➢ self-reactive substances
➢ substances which, in contact with water,
emit flammable gases

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Hazard Class 5 - Oxidizers and

Organic Peroxides
 Oxidizers release oxygen to
enhance or intensify burn
 With strong fuels, oxidizers can
create conditions which can lead
to violent combustion
 Many Organic Peroxides are very
unstable
 Examples include:
➢ sodium chlorate
➢ hydrogen peroxide
➢ methyl ethyl ketone

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Hazard Class 6 - Poisonous and

Infectious Substances
 Poisonous to human
➢ Can include severely irritating substances
➢ “Tear Gas”, Hydrocyanic acid, Carbon Tetrachloride
 Infectious Substances
➢ Potential to cause diseases in humans
➢ Anthrax, human blood and many body fluids
 Health hazards include those products and
materials which have an adverse effect on
humans and animals.
 Examples include:
➢ pesticides
➢ tissue/blood samples

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Hazard Class 7 - Radioactive

Materials

Ionizing radiation hazard

Exposure does not always
result in contamination
Safety Rules:
➢Time, Distance and Shielding
Shipped in specialized
containers

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Material Classification
Class 8 - Corrosives
Materials which cause destruction to human skin
tissue or a liquid that has a severe corrosion
effect on meals
Corrosive materials will react chemically with steel,
aluminum or skin.
Examples include:
➢ acids such as hydrochloric
➢ alkaline materials such as
sodium hydroxide
➢ gases such as chlorine and ammonia

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Hazard Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials

Don’t readily fall into the

other categories.

ORM A - Dry Ice

ORM B - Quick Lime, Metallic
mercury
ORM C - Asphalt, Battery parts
ORM D - Consumer commodities
ORM E - Hazardous substances and
hazardous wastes
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Summary
Classification of signs
Related safety signs standards
➢OSHA 1910.145, ANSI Z535.2-2002
NFPA diamond
Lockout and Tagout tags and devices
Hazardous material transportation sings
➢OSHA 49 CFR 172.101

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One Last Message !

Who is the first responsible for your
safety ?

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