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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

1 all criteria must be met: 2

5 lines with both ends within
2 mm of plates by eye AND
middle 3 lines straightand within
10° of horizontal by eye AND
top / bottom lines, straight or
with outward smooth curves,
ends vertically <= 16 mm below
/ above ends of plates, if curved
horizontally symmetrical by eye
AND
spacing between lines is 7 mm
≤ spacing ≤ 23 mm (1)
at least 1 arrow left to right (1) NOT any arrow right to
left

2 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 OR 3

(Rp =) 1/(1/R1 + 1/R2) OR
(Rp = ) R1R2/(R1 + R2) OR
(0.2 × 0.3)/ (0.2 + 0.3) OR
0.6 × 0.2 (1)
(Rp = ) 0.12 (Ω) (1)
(Rt = 0.12 Ω + 0.20 Ω = ) 0.32 Ω
(1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

3 conductors: free / delocalised 2

electrons OR electrons move
(1)
insulators: no free / delocalised
electrons OR electrons / charges
cannot move OR electrons fixed
in place (1)

4 at least four approximately 1

evenly spaced straight lines with
correct arrows radially
outwards

5(a) two lamps with correct circuit 1

symbol, in parallel, with correct
connection to battery

5(b)(i) (12 / 6.0 =) 2.0 A 1

5(b)(ii) (P =) IV OR 2
2.0 × 12, OR
2
(P =) I R OR
2
2.0 × 6.0, OR
2
(P =) V / R OR
2
12 / 6.0 (1)
24 W (1)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

5(c) (E =) IVt OR 3
Pt in any form OR
36 × 20 (1)
= 36 × 20 × 60 × 60 (1)
6
= 2.6 × 10 J (1)

6 (metals) contain free/mobile 1

electrons/delocalised
electrons

7(a) ( I = )V ÷ R OR 6.0 ÷ 20 OR 3
(any value < 6.0) ÷ 20 (1)
correct calculation of I for V>0
accept point on graph with
correct co-ordinates, apart from
the origin (1)
straight line from (0,0) to
(6.0,0.30) tolerance within ½
small square (1)

7(b)(i) (combined resistance) less (than 1

the resistance of either/smaller
resistor)

7(b)(ii) steeper OR gradient greater OR 1

description of how the line differs
(e.g. reaches 0.40 A before V
reaches 6.0 V) ignore 2nd line
above 1st line
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

8(a) 1.5 J of (electrical) energy 2

supplied in driving charge
around the circuit (1)
energy per unit charge OR per
coulomb (1)

8(b) 8 1

9(a) I p V p = I sVs in any form 1

OR ( I p =) I s × Vs ÷ Vp
OR 2.0 × 6 ÷ 240 (1)
0.050 A (1)

9(b) (number of lamps =) 2 ÷ 0.05 = 1

40

10 D 1

11(a)(i) wire from B to + or − terminal of 2

battery and wire from A to other
terminal of battery
diode to allow current in at +
terminal or out at − terminal
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

11(a)(ii) alternating current in coil Y sets 3

up alternating magnetic field OR
causes change in magnetic
flux
alternating field / change in flux
cuts coil X OR
altering field links with coil X
(alternating) voltage / current is
induced in coil X OR
(alternating) voltage / current is
produced in coil X by
electromagnetic induction

12(a)(i) (3 × 1.5 =) 4.5 V 1

12(a)(ii) 1 / R = 1 / R 1 + 1 / R 2 OR 3
R = 1 / (1 / R 1 + 1 / R 2) OR
(R =) R 1 R 2 / (R 1 + R 2)
correct substitution of 3 and 6
(R =) 2.0 Ω

12(a)(iii) V = I R in any form OR 2

( I =) V / R OR
4.5 / 3
1.5 A
OR
I total = 4.5 / 2 = 2.25 A
for 3 Ω, I = 2.25 × 6 / 9 =
1.5 A
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

12(b)(i) connect ammeter (in wire) from 1

A to B OR
from H to G

12(b)(ii) connect voltmeter (terminals) to 1

A and H OR
B and G OR
C and D OR
E and F

13(a) A (fixed) resistor 2

B thermistor
C L.E.D. OR
light emitting diode
2 correct = 1
3 correct = 2

13(b) any four from: 4

- if cold / hot resistance of
thermistor high / low
- if cold / hot voltage (across)
thermistor high / low
- if cold / hot voltage of input to
LED high / low
- if cold / hot there is current / no
current in LED
- if cold LED lights / brighter
- if hot LED does not light /
dimmer
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

14(a) R S = R A + R B in any form OR 4

(R S =) 4 + 8
(R S =) 12 (Ω)
(R P =) 1 / (1 / R S + 1 / R C) in
any form OR
(R P =) R S R C / (R S + R C) OR
(R P =) 1 / (1 / 12 + 1 / 6) OR
(R P =) (6 × 12) / 18
(R P =) 4.0 Ω

14(b) V 8 = supply V × (8 / 12) OR 2

= 24 × (8 / 12)
(V 8 =) 16 V
OR alternative route
I 8 = supply V / 12 OR
= 24 / 12 OR
= 2 (A)
(V 8 = 2 × 8 =) 16 V

15(a) ( I =) P/V OR 3
24 ÷ 6.0 OR
4.0 (A) OR
(R =) V/I
6.0 ÷ 4.0
1.5 Ω

15(b)(i) 6.0 V 1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

15(b)(ii) 1.5 Ω 1

15(b)(iii) 2
=

+ OR

1 ÷ 1.5 = + OR

1 ÷ 1.5 =

3.0 (Ω)

15(c) resistance of circuit/parallel pair 2

increases
current (in lamp) decreases OR
less p.d. across lamp

16(a)(i) P = VI in any form OR 2

(I =) P / V
(I = 9.0 / 6.0 =) 1.5 A

16(a)(ii) V = IR in any form OR 2

(R =) V / I OR
2
P = V / R in any form OR
2
(R =) V / P
(R = 6.0 / 1.5 =) 4.0 Ω OR
(R = 36 / 9.0 =) 4 Ω
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

16(b)(i) resistance of wire is greater 1

(than at X) OR
current is less OR
p.d. across lamp is less

16(b)(ii) (for normal brightness of lamp) 3

resistance of circuit
(= 12 / 1.5 =) 8.0 Ω
resistance of wire
(= 8.0 - 4.0 =) 4.0 Ω
(distance AX = 1.0 × 4 / 5 =)
0.80 m
OR
V across AX = 6.0 V
resistance of wire
(= 6 / current from (a)(i) =)
4.0 Ω
(distance AX = 1.0 × 4 / 5 =)
0.80 m OR
(sliding contact is) 0.8 m (from
A)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

17(a) I =V/R 4
(total resistance =) 1.2 + 2.4 OR
3.6 seen
I = 6.0 / (1.2 + 2.4) OR
1.67 OR
1.7 (mA)
(V =) 4.0 V
OR
(V 1) = R 1 / (R 1 + R 2)] V
(total resistance =) 1.2 + 2.4 OR
3.6 seen
(V 1) = (2.4 / 3.6) 6.0
= 4.0 V

17(b) replace the 1.2 kΩ resistor with 1

one of higher value OR
increase the temperature (of the
thermistor or the room)

18 (E =) VIt C1
2
OR V t/R
2
OR I Rt in any form

14 000 J A1
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

19(a) (P=) VI C1
OR V = IR
OR 250 × 1.2
OR 300 (V)

2
(P = ) I R C1
2
OR 250 × 1.2
OR 300 × 250

75 000 W OR 75 kW A1

19(b) power loss reduced C1

resistance reduced C1

power lost decreases to a A1

quarter
OR (P =) 19 kW / 18.75 kW
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

20 energy transferred per B1 ACCEPT p.d./voltage

coulomb/unit charge across battery/power
OR energy supplied in driving supply
coulomb/unit charge around a
circuit

21 one mark for each correct entry B3

in table:

potential
current power
difference

IR
2
I 2I R

22(a) (lamps) stay on / have same B1

brightness as before / nothing
happens

(lamps) still connected to supply B1

/ have same voltage as before /
are connected in parallel
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

22(b)(i) line 1: on B2 deduct one mark for

line 2: off e.e.o.e.
line 3: off
line 4: on

22(b)(ii) when either switch is operated, B1

the state of the lamp changes.

23 1/ R =1/ R 1 +1/ R 2 C1 OR ALTERNATIVE

OR (R =) R 1 R 2 / (R 1 + R 2) METHOD:
OR above with numbers 6 / 12
substituted

R =3( ) C1 +6/4

( I = 6 / 3 =) 2(.0) A A1 2(.0) A

24 4 / 12 OR 4:12 OR 1 / 3 OR 1:3 B1
OR 0.33
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

25 at least three vertical lines B1

between the plates

equally spaced OR some B1

curvature at the ends

at least one correct (upwards) B1

arrow AND none wrong

26 contains electrons C1

electrons are free to move A1

27(a) clearly more negatives than B1

positives, anywhere in / on block

27(b) wire removed first M1

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

charges kept in block OR so no A1 NOT any mention of

charge can flow to or from block positive charges
moving
accept reverse
argument

27(c) (charging by) induction B1 NOT e.m. induction

OR earthing

28 cables heavier OR more / B1

stronger pylons or more material
in cable

29 1/ R p =1/ R 1 +1/ R 2 C1
OR (R p =) R 1 R 2 / (R 1 + R 2)
words, symbols or numbers

R = (1 / (1 / 1 + 1 / 5)) = 0.83 A1

30 (P=)VI OR 230 × 3.5 C1

805 / 810 W A1

31(a) 4.5 V B1 ignore sign

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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

31(b) V= IR in any form C1

OR V / R
in words, symbols or numbers

use of total e.m.f. as V AND C1

series resistance as R
OR 4 / 5 of total emf seen
OR 1 / 6 of total current seen

( I = 4.5 / 5 =) 0.90 A A1 accept 0.9

e.c.f. from (a)

32 ( I Y=)7.0 (A) C1
alternative method: (RX=) V / I
OR 230 / 3.5
OR 66 / 65.7(1429)

( I Tot=)10.5 (A) C1
alternative method: ( (R Y=)
230 / 7.0
OR 66 / 2
OR 65.7(1429) / 2
OR 33 / 32.9 / 32.85714)
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Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance

(R=) V / I OR 230 / 10.5 C1

alternative method: (R=)R 1 R 2
/ (R 1 + R 2)
OR 2159 / 98.57
OR 1 / R= 1 / R1 + 1 / R 2
OR 1 / R= 1 / 65.7 + 1 / 32.9

22 / 21.9(0476) A1

33 pole A = N AND pole B = S 1

34(a) 0.016 A (1) 2

( I =) V/R in any form or
12 / 400 or 12 / 350 or 12 / 750
OR
(Rtotal = R1 + R2 =) 750 (Ω) (1)

34(b) 6.4 V 1

[Total: 121]