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Triangle
IMPORTANT POINTS

1. Collinear Points: Three or more points which lie on the same straight line, are called
collinear points.
2. Non-Collinear Points: Three or more points which do not lie on the same line, are
called non- col linear points.
3. Triangle: By joining the three non-collinear points, a triangle is formed or A triangle is
a figure which is enclosed by three lines segments. In the figure, ABC is a triangle.
4. Parts of triangle: A triangle has six parts, three sides and three angles which are on
the vertices of the triangle.

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5. Sum of angles of a triangle: The sum of the three angles of a triangle is 180°.

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6. Exterior angle of a triangle: If one side of a triangle is produced then the exterior
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angle is formed. Exterior angle of a triangle is equal to sum of its interior opposite
angles. In other words, we can say that exterior angle of a triangle is greater than each
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of its interior opposite angles. In the figure.

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∠ACE is exterior angle and ∠ACE = ∠A + ∠B and also ∠ACE > ∠A and ∠ACF > ∠B.
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7. Classification of triangles :
(A) According to their sides.
(i) Equilateral Triangle: If three sides of a triangle are equal, it is called an equilateral
triangle.
(ii) Isosceles Triangle: If any two sides of a triangle are equal, then it is called an
isosceles triangle.
(iii) Scalene Triangle: If no two sides of the triangle are equal. Then it is called a
scalene triangle.

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(B) According to Angles :

(i) Acute-angled Triangle: A triangle whose each angle is acute, is called an acute
angled triangle.

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(ii) Right-angled Triangle: A triangle whose one angle is a right angle i.e. 90°, is called
a right angled triangle.

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(iii) Obtused-angled Triangle: A triangle whose one angle is an obtused angle, is

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called an obtused-angled triangle.

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8. Some special properties of a triangle:

(i) If one angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of other two cycles, the angle is a right
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angled.
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(ii) If the acute angles of a right angled triangle are equal, then the triangle is a right
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angled isosceles triangle and its each acute angle will be of 45°.
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(iii) Sum of two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.
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(iv) There can be only one right angle in a triangle.

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(v) There can be only one obtuse angle in a triangle.

(vi) Side opposite to greater angle is greater.
(vii) Angle opposite to shorter side is shorter.

EXERCISE 26 (A)

Question 1.
In each of the following, find the marked unknown angles :

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Solution:
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(i) Since, sum of all angles of triangle = 180°
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Hence, 70° + 72° + z = 180°
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⇒ 142°+ z = 180° ”
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⇒ z= 180°-142°
z = 38°
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(ii) Since, sum of all angles of a triangle = 180°

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1st Triangle 50° + 80° + b = 180°

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⇒ 130°+ &= 180°

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⇒b= 180° – 130°

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b = 50°
IInd Triangle 40° + 45° + a = 180°
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⇒ 85° + a = 180°
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⇒ a = 180° -85
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a = 95°
(iii) 60° + 45° + 20° + x = 180°
⇒ 125° + x = 180°
⇒ x = 180° – 125° => x = 55°

Question 2.
Can a triangle together have the following angles ?
(i) 55°, 55° and 80°
(ii) 33°, 74° and 73°
(iii) 85°, 95° and 22°.
Solution:
(i) Sum of all angles of a triangle = 180° Here, 55° + 55° + 80° = 180°

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190° ≠ 180°
No.
(ii) 33°+ 74°+ 73°= 180°
180°= 180°
Yes.
(iii) 85° + 95° + 22° = 180°
202° ≠ 180°
No.

Question 3.
Find x, if the angles of a triangle are:
(i) x°, x°, x°
(ii) x°, 2x°, 2x°
(iii) 2x°, 4x°, 6x°

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Solution:
(i) Since, sum of all the angles of a triangle =180

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x° + x° + x° = 180

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⇒ 3x° = 180

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⇒ x° =

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x = 60
(ii) x° + 2x° + 2x° = 180
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5x° = 180
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x° =
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x° = 36
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(iii) 2x° + 4x° + 6x° =180

12x° = 180
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x° =
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x° = 15
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Question 4.
One angle of a right-angled triangle is 70°. Find the other acute angle.
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Solution:
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We know that, sum of angles of a triangle = 180°.

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Let, the acute angle be ‘x’

∴ x + 90° + 70° = 180°
⇒ x+ 160° = 180°
⇒ x= 180°-160°
⇒ x = 20°
∴The acute angle is 20°.

Question 5.
In ∆ABC, ∠A = ∠B = 62° ; find ∠C.
Solution:
∠A + ∠B + ∠C= 180°

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⇒ 62° + 62° + ∠C = 180°

⇒ 124° + ∠C = 180°
⇒ ∠C = 180° – 124°
⇒∠C = 56°

Question 6.
In ∆ABC, C = 56°C = 56° ∠B = ∠C and ∠A = 100° ; find ∠B.
Solution:
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
⇒ 100° + ∠B + ∠B = 180°
⇒ 2∠B = 180° 100°
∠B = °

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∠B = 40°
∠C = ∠B = 40°

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Question 7.

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Find, giving reasons, the unknown marked angles, in each triangle drawn below:

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Solution:
We know that,
Exterior angle of a triangle is always equal to the sum of its two interior opposite angles

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(property)
(i) ∴ 110° = x + 30° (by property)
⇒x=110°-30° x = 80°
(ii) x+115° = 180°
(linear property of angles)
⇒x = 180°- 115° ⇒x = 65°
∴115° = x + y
⇒ 115° = 65° + _y ⇒ y= 115° – 65° =50°
y = 50°
(iii) 110° = 2x + 3x
5x – 110°

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x= °
x = 22°

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∴2x = 2 x 22 = 44°

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3x = 3 x 22 = 66°

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Question 8. so
Classify the following triangles according to angle :
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Solution:
(i) Since, it has an obtuse angle of 120° Hence, it is obtuse angled triangle.
(ii) Since, all the angle of triangle is less than 90°.
Hence, it is an acute angled triangle.
(iii) Since ∠MNL = 90°, and sum of two acute angle ∠M + ∠N = 30° + 60° = 90°.
Hence, it is a right angled triangle.

Question 9.
Classify the following triangles according to sides :

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Solution:
(i) Since, two sides-are equal.
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Hence, Isosceles triangle.

(ii) Since, all the three sides are unequal.
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Hence, Scalene, triangle.

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(iii) Since, all the three sides are unequal Hence, Scalene triangle.
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(iv) All the three sides are equal.

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Hence, equilateral triangle.

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EXERCISE 26 (B)
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Construct traingle ABC, when :

Question 1.
AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm and AC = 4 cm.
Solution:
Steps of Construction:
(1) Draw a line AB = 6 cm.

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(2) compasses and taking B as centre, draw an arc of 8 cm radius.

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(3) With A as centre, draw an arc of 4 cm radius, which cuts the previous arc at C.
(4) Join AC and BC.

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Triangle ABC, obtained, is the required triangle.

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Question 2.
AB = 3.5 cm, AC = 4.8 cm and BC = 5.2 cm.
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Solution:
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Steps of Construction :
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(1) Draw a line AB = 3.5 cm.

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(2) Using compasses and taking B as centre, draw an arc of 5.2 cm radius.
(3) With A as centre, draw an arc of 4.8
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(4) Join AC and BC

Question 3.
AB = BC = 5 cm and AC = 3 cm. Mea¬sure angles A and C. Is ∠A = ∠C?
Solution:
Steps of Construction :
(1) Draw a line AB = 5 cm.

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(2) Using compasses and taking B as cen¬tre, draw an arc of 5 cm radius.

(3) With A as centre, draw an arc of 3 cm radius, which cuts the previous arc at C.

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(4) Join AC and BC.

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Question 4.

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AB = BC = CA = 4.5 cm. Measure all the angles of the triangle. Are they equal ?

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Solution:
Steps of Construction :
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(1) Draw a a line AB =4.5
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(2) Using compasses and taking BC as centre, draw an arc of 4.5 cm radius.
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(3) With AC as centre, draw an arc of 4-5 cm radius, which cuts the previous arc at C.
(4) Join AC and BC.
(5) Measurement, ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°.

Question 5.
AB = 3 cm, BC = 7 cm and ∠B = 90°.
Solution:
Steps of Construction :
(1) Draw a line segment AB = 3 cm.

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(2) With the help of compasses, construct ∠ABC = 90°.
(3) With B as centre, draw an arc of 7 cm length which cuts BP at C.

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(4) Join A and C.

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(5) Triangle ABC, so obtained, is the required triangle.

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Question 6. so
AC = 4.5 cm, BC = 6 cm and ∠C = 60°.
Solution:
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Steps of Construction :
(1) Draw a line AC = 4.5 cm.
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(2) With the help of compasses, construct ∠ACB = 60°.

(3) With C as centre, draw an arc of 6 cm radius, which cuts CB at C.
(4) Join B and A.

Question 7.
AC = 6 cm, ∠A = 60“ and ∠C = 45°. Measure AB and BC.
Solution:
Steps of Construction :
(1) Draw a line segment AC = 6 cm.

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(2) At A construct an angle ∠A = 60°.

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(3) At C construct an angle ∠C = 45°.
(4) AD and CE intersect each other at B.

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(5) ∴ ∆ABC is the required triangle.

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(6) On measuring AB = 4-4 cm, BC = 5.4 cm.

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Question 8. so
AB = 5.4 cm, ∠A = 30° and ∠B = 90°. Measure ∠C and side BC.
Solution:
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Steps of Construction :
(1) Draw a line segment AB = 5.4 cm.
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(2) At A construct an angle ∠A = 30°.

(3) At B construct an angle ∠B = 90°.
(4) AD and BE intersect each other at C.
(5) ∴ ∆ABC is the required triangle.
(6) On measuring ∠C = 60° side BC = 31 cm.

Question 9.
AB = 7 cm, ∠B = 120° and ∠A = 30°. Measure AC and BC.
Solution:
Steps of Construction :
(1) Draw a line segment AB = 7 cm

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(2) At A construct an angle ∠A = 30°.

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(3) At C construct an angle ∠C = 45°.
(4) AE and BD intersect each other at C.

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(5) ∴ ∆ABC is the required triangle.

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(6) On measuring length of AC = 12cm and BC = 7 cm respectively.

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Question 10.
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BC = 3 cm, AC = 4 cm and AB = 5 cm. Measure angle ACB. Give a special name to
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this triangle.
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Solution:
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Steps of Construction :
(1) Draw a line segment AB = 5 cm
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(2) From A, with the help of compass cut arc AC = 4cm

(3) From point B cut an arc BC = 3 cm.
(4) Join AC and BC.
(5) AABC is required right-angled triangle.
Measuring ∠ACB = 90°

REVISION EXERCISE

Question 1.
If each of the two equal angles of an isosceles triangle is 68°, find the third angle.

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Solution:

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Question 2.
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One of the angles of a triangle is 110°, the two other angles are equal. Find their
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value.
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Solution:
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Question 3.
The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 3:5: 7. Find each angle.

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Solution:

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Question 4.

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The angles of a triangle are (2x – 30°),(3x – 40°) and ( x + 10°) Find the value of x .

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Solution:
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Question 5.
In each of the following figures, triangle ABC is equilateral and triangle PBC is
isosceles. If PBA = 20°; find in each case:
(a) angle PBC.

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(b) angle BPC.

Solution:

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Question 6.
Construct a triangle ABC given AB = 6 cm, BC = 5 cm and CA = 5.6 cm. From
vertex A draw a perpendicular on to side BC. Measure the length of this
perpendicular.
Solution:
Steps of Construction :
(1) Draw a line AB = 6 cm.
(2) Using compass, taking A and B as centre draw arcs of 5 cm and 5.6 cm
respectively, which cut each other at C.
(3) Join AC and BC.
(4) Now, from vertex A draw a bisector AD towards BC.
On measuring length AD = 5 cm.

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Question 7.
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Construct a triangle PQR, given PQ = 6 cm, ∠P = 60° and ∠Q = 30°. Measure angle
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R and the length of PR.

Solution:
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Steps of Construction :
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(1) Draw a line PQ = 6 cm.

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(2) Using compass taking P as centre draw an angle ∠P = 60°.

(3) Using compass taking Q as a centre draw an angle ∠Q = 30°.
(4) PS and QT intersect each other R.
(5) ∆RPQ is the required triangle.
On measuring; ∠R = 90°, length of PR = 3 cm.

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Question 8.
Construct a triangle ABC given BC = 5 cm, AC = 6 cm and ∠C = 75°. Draw the
bisector of the interior angle at A. Let this bisector meet BC at P ; measure BP.
Solution:
Steps of Construction :
(1) Draw BC = 5 cm.
(2) With the help of compass from centre C. Draw an angle ∠C = 75°.
(3) From CD, cut an arc AC = 6 cm.

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(4) JoinAB.
(5) From A draw an bisector AP.
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(6) On measuring BP = 2.6 cm.

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Question 9.
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Using ruler and a pair compass only, construct a triangle XYZ given YZ = 7 cm,
∠XYZ = 60° and ∠XZY = 45°. Draw the bisectors of angles X and Y.
s:

Solution:
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Steps of Construction :
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(1) Draw a line YZ = 7 cm.

(2) Y as a centre draw an ∠XYZ = 60°.

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(3) Z as a centre draw an ∠XZY = 45°.

(4) From X and Y as centre draw bisector of ∠X and ∠Y, which meet at point O.

Question 10.
Using ruler and a pair compass only, construct a triangle PQR, given PQ = 5.5 cm,
QR = 7.5 cm and RP = 6 cm. Draw the bisectors of the interior angles at P, Q and
R. Do these bisectors meet at the same point ?
Solution:

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Steps of Construction :
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(1) Draw a line PQ = 5.5 cm.

(2) From Q as a centre draw an arc QR = 7.5 cm.
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(3) From P as a centre draw an arc PR = 6 m, which intersects previous arc at R.

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(4) Join PR and QR.

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(5) Now, draw interior bisectors of ∠P, ∠QR ∠R which meets each other at point S.
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Question 11.
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One angle of a triangle is 80° and the other two are in the ratio 3 : 2. Find the
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unknown angles of the triangle.

Solution:

Let angle ∠A of a triangle ABC = 80°

But sum of three angles of a triangle = 180°
Sum of remaining two angles = 180° – 80° = 100°

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Ratio in their two angles = 3:2

Let second angle = 3x
and third angle = 2x
3x + 2x = 100°
5x = 100 x = = 20°
second angle ∠B = 3x = 3 x 20° = 60°
and third angle ∠C = 2x = 2 x 20° = 40°
Hence other two angles are 60° and 40°.

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Question 12.
Find the value of x if ∠A = 32°, ∠B = 55° and obtuse angle AED = 115°.

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Solution:

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In the figure, ∠A = 32, ∠B = 55°

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∠AED =115°
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In ∆ABC
Exterior ∠ACD = ∠A + ∠B = 32° + 55° = 87°
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Similarly in ∆CDE
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Ext. ∠AED = ∠D + ∠ACD

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⇒ 115° = x + 87° ⇒ x = 115°- 87° = 28°

Hence x = 28°

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