me eINOINEERING MODULES cyl nned AC fundarnedale q Single- Phave AC droih Lnbroduction: Sea "A DC quaitity uv one ushich hos & Condtavt Magricude wt time “Arn ac cront Consish 4 an altwindting U'ge dorice hurt eShich an alternating custerd flows thn’ the Various lamer OYthe cirairt (ike RL) “An alle, naling vie) Cussent ib A Yuarily Whote Mmagritade — Cotinuotally changes ust time $b can have twin directions +e 06 -VE- «Alternating quantities (alternating U'ye Ales alter waking Wut) one dually poiodic 19 héhine Which Can be tputeritid by periodic volts. Rut uswolly the altemating Vye geroraled and the adesnating Cusront dlowsing thy’ an eechical Ck ae pedicdic Mrueiolal vole . KAVITHA M, AP, Dept. Of ECE, JSSATE, BANGALORE Pace T Scanned with CamScannerhe “ ttoges “ton be Cosily Astagpeal up ep dots lay wring Trardjnmans LUBE temmorliy- ued ty domalic $ indualal Applicakions SEB We foe lasege deahe power Genwradeay oandmiseor 6 ditkabuken . Genaton a, allanaling Woes 4 altonaking cteurt Alipindting ge Pe eee ort wtating 2 in oO magralc pete (hy 6 = field eeeereed aot ( . KAVITHA M, AP, Dept. Of ECE, ISSATE, BANGALORE Scanned with CamScannerach come, upm the mambo dus inthe Coil, Absengts the pad andthe Apeed ot wshich the ceil oy Mmagnelic pred yolat Eqnations oy the altornoding vottoges and cuttrerts: + Conmidur 9 rechangulay ceil hassing N tors rotating I) a Unie magndiic fidd — with ay angular velocity 0 radianlacc. ak Ahowm in fog | bet ‘time be missed fon the 09004. Marimum ux dn Unked vsith the Wil usher HR plane coincides ugth the at. Gy He + Mlords , thu carl roller Ay’ an angle O=wt. Bet tha dexlaclid petition, the Component jhe ex Ushich perpendiulatt to. the plane @ the iL = uot pork an ib N be Nb Cobuct QD Scanned with CamScannerAccording to Fosadays —Lauss fie when bzwt) oF the Uwstewda indimed emp U e=~g_ (Nd) volt : seven 0-@) Nd Cab cxurt) oN = WN dy Sint) ilies ee aed whin 6-90? then sind=), hence € SUG Em. KAVITHAM, AP, Dept. Of ECE, ISSATE, BANGALORE rduckon, the emp induced in he ceil U given by the, wt-li the Gil. Hance, rake OG drange dwt intagye 4% tndland | the value the induce emp ot thu neous value of te NG, sin & (as 6=wt) —G) Sieut t Hegel comporat Electromagnik ¢ id, te hab max. Value Page No Scanned with CamScannerjoon eqn & we ot Em = LON hott -® =WNBmMA Cc oe) 221 EN BmA vohse Be, mat. que denslly mn) al a fre Avta oy the athe wail in weniaec. in whlm> Aubstate gn in® , we gee The voucion othe i e uath ime Yas Ahwen (@ (Bb - dd) (eo Pe Th te poitios (> (OSCE) % the (iL, the Wrdaced eng, iu aero. sive ushen the teil parser “thy? thae postions, te vote OF cabry flux by the cov duuilters mop By the Coil WIO%O > ray op the lel, the triduced Omg max. {KAVITHAM, AP, Dept. Of ECE, ISSATE, BANGALORE = Scanned with CamScannerTASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Se cabling put by the Corductos MN 4 OP Of the Cail we max . the Wil ae + My the pouty, “tsminda 2 42 sila tnnectd ‘be an extunal rca ty lous thing the Civtull | ieee aktowwoli ng cust given by, [ztimene] — O 7 500 AS wre is the grrquarciy — ie “il, the eqn. 496 oye can be wiTen 9 = Vn sin amet Vin Sin 2) 7 vattng SoUONE. who. Ts Hime piel a tHe ot 4 She induced e ye - / hb hor ent u t ime angle wt ard vsren ; " nie “obotei uu a dhewsn hime 0 CHE ome it ae the emg. thc ok dacounssichal emf. 92360°, 820. Dept OF TAVITHAM, AP, Dept OT ECE JSSATE, BANGALORE = Scanned with CamScannerquantity one: CY) trwtentanecs Value: the Veluwe o% mageitue A on alternating quantity, at aug intent iu called Os iyontanem Value. She andtartarcons alae a an alluding vstige and 0? oltynaling Cudnt ou upwerled boy lO 44 qepectutly « PD Wowetsrm : dhe guph bin an abbey noching rarity & time 4 Cable = wraueterm. i + Altea 1g quantity wu taken) along Y-ams ¥ Aime oleng, X- amis. (B Cycle: One complete at Y ave $-ve Valus q avi oltenating quantity i Knoven as cycle « one compute cyele = 360° = aM -wodiaws [BD Time pouiod Fime token by an abtomding quantity to Complete one cycle i called it time period 7, exporreed in Aecondh . (5) ekqwency * the nw. OH aycles per Aecond Oy an od bernali 1g quantity 4 knew as Sh unit 6 tyels por Attar os bude). $=4. NAVITHAM, AP, Dept. Of ECE, ISSATE, BANGALORE “Ty Scanned with CamScanner(© Ampl tude, (Max. g& peak Value): The may. ue or “VC Yale oan alternating quantity —u knewsn oh amplitude. St i dendted lay Em or Vor| Ep ov, Ard Ip Tn yx attending vige & current pechey, (Peak- to Rak Volus She max. vatidton tin the tra. ye Value and ta rare two peaks O ah ee it dundlid 0% Vp of Ep Ipp, Fy TN [BD Pariodic wsavelrm - Peiodic wertyem iu one which vpeas ibelf axe deyrih time wdwvals , enussdal & Non-Ainubsdal Usare rrr: Oememuaddal usagi an altundting usexejeom tn udhich dine Lave followed. eNon-Ainursidal wit is Gn alfonating usevejesn in Which Aine lus & not followed. Sa KAVITHA M, AP, Dept. Of ECE, SSATE, BANGALORE : i Scanned with CamScannerBASES _———— ENGINEERING Rock mean Squace (eins) Value '- - Sine the inlantanenus value af, an altnnating quantity Changes eotuy twtant, an cuttennting consent SF voltage is dolly Characterized by its duouge And elective Velues try additim to ih peak value. ; ‘She om value an olknnakng corset given lay thot beady turrsert (ole curser) ughich, When lowing Thrugh a given Civit 5 a ger tng Produces the haat ab parduced lg the aldewath ng Cument udhin feuding ‘through the Adame circuit fo the bame time. eo agli H Epectins. seas lee mont ov meadusiong- equivalent Pe Jalue Oy oO Kirwandal stent % an hhown: i nye ith tdertiicod resistance values, ee Se an eg reels in each crtuit. She weltage opp each eee austtd that heat pot pooduad in Ciaeuit < ase. Sn that cake, the dict cuterct ee to dy: , which i cabled Rms value @ the Ainuasdlad current. MeaITHiA M, AP, Dept. OF ECE, JSSATE, BANGALORE vane Ot ‘dt ‘AK Scanned with CamScannerind RMS value «Show. two mathods to ¥ Gon cara ae (tty Analy Heal method Mid- Ordinate method ° mo St wa graphical method fer it eats valine 6 ay altinatirg quantity ard can be tor both Axyrmetsical Ainustidal and rn- dines} WIANEA « 7 KAVITHAM, AP, Dept. Of ECE, ISSATE, BANGALORE Scanned with CamScannermLECTRICAT ENGINEERING _ Comidesr ve half uycls a beth Aymmetsical fond dal and nen-sinunsdal alleynat ng curont a Shown. nivide the time lore ‘t' ind n eyol Pad 40 that the dustin Q each inbwual is Aln Adtonde. het Lot... ty be the mid-ordinahs Bihae irctowoals . When thu ac is passed tr’ @ civeui t % sastane R Chand then “the Heat — producad dusting 1 intowal = ¢? Re Heat , using 24 intousel =ip Ri Heat produced olutang 7 intowal = in’ Rt, tthe total heat produced in time t! A0e. u giver by the dun 4 all the heck produced , n LT vb the dizect casdert™ ashich psoduce dame Led epyect fuahen parsed Te’ RYisequol % the ac, heating effect Pome 2 (Gat De a aoe n KAVITHAM, AP, Dept. Of ECE, SSSATE, BANGALORE Scanned with CamScannerEES 'St TS, eae - RMS value is equak ty the Square ret the mean Othe quar, o} ivbtartancous woe, UY Rms value § an alanating Sollege given ly > Vz wraura en Mn 2 eS tical molbodl ° : over ONL carngleke pele ie Pray To -\1 S| asswre de KAVITHAM, AP, Dept. Of ECE, JSSATE, BANGALORE TTT Scanned with CamScannerEASCHLECTRICAL ENGINEERING. ak sw = \- td Za dn = e\ de lw sy -simt am | 72 Jo 4 |p = In 1 O1-) = a fsnar-s9] a] 4 = [Iw (0-0 2 t= In, <> Yrs 0-107 In ye os Noms = Weg. <0 101% Yo NOTE: Jhe am&4 Value 6 0” alkumdting cunt is & inngotart, Airce ‘the ammeter Veltmetou Naord Be ms value a cllenchrg coment 4 voltage aexpecivdly. $n electvicah eng., andicabed sthuasue , the Ualush Othe giv cursert & ye ore olusary, tater Ob M4 Valuer, TKAVITHA M, AP, Dept. Of ECE, SSATE, BANGALORE — Scanned with CamScannerv : 3 She Yolue ge an ac i, desired ak Anak steady vert wshich tranipd fame amount 6 ee as traniipred toy an allowing eatent acseavs “the dame civeit dang fame 4ymne. — |) dhe amount of rye transipoed i giv by qrik. : ( cep Gy Coke a Ks real usawe Cie : oe Gas re sm atl) he Se Oe compile cycle ’ yoro. ee ee . : addi or hy Walia dotained ea ‘aluedt 6 codon os voltoge ovet Engr ale hay wave. rechyed value) the auscage Value mudt alsays be -toten pr an erttne cycle Or one publoyele , hoe ore 0 mabe lo dfomine avec ies “yd trdialt mdod (ip Analyte mated KAVITHAM, AP, Dept. OF ECE, JSSATE, BANGALORE TareNo TS Scanned with CamScannerTS ESSE er TSC NONE meet Mid- Ordinate method - St & umed 4p. Lath Ay mmeticad 4 nan pmsl “ Cowidest ave half eyoles @ beth Aymmatsi binuddadl 5 ve ath * stag ware a vile the Hime bone + se) opel pt thal the dusatin ey tach inde i tn decors. this : ivteel = tty -byanatpoced aisony wd eH ee ‘exo najosned using 2 indeed 2 Uy cl byanspieed dusung wb vdemal = ‘ort 2, dotal charge taanspoad in 't’ Aec. Gz Uttar 4bsyt 7) $1 Toy U the average cussunt then Ye ove = tise tin) # ae IAVITHAM, AP, Dept. OF ECE, SSATE, BANGALORE PageNo. 12 Scanned with CamScanner ———y =Aum gy mid-ordinoles No.) Parca WY Voy > BAA ty ee @Arolyt cal malhool 05 Sekegeod method: The oss, 9G okteundhity ie given by, Tay: 1 tae -e Conde akfesinatirg cuss Udhich a le hin Kiholly | t2InSin® cine we Symi Bhricad fg ‘ ae isbkan gh ole - lr Jay = + fimane 48 Py -se) oy Ears aso} = =a am 3 £0-437Iny, NY Vey 2 0: 63™My es Tay = 2In KAVITHAM, AP, Dept. OF ECE, JSSATE, BANGALORE Page No |S Scanned with CamScannerFos gactor™ fo awuiage Sg the soho q RIS volt Yalu. wn Siwaing ntity Called factrr and it 4 Heel au : Fem fact = El for altiundhng Curou-, ke = Am =n eva ai) ame fpx aavalig ype ©. toy obtomabog quastity for gactee ull. rye cerns he fae, aa oe ee re on abkow ching qa R- amplitude face a Cutt pcr ae Max. value a Rms Kp= tm _ cat nai In\- Fe fine wore Kp =! KAVITHA M, AP, Dept. Of ECE, ISSATE, BANGALORE eT Scanned with CamScanner© fn- an ac ue gun Las — +20°)A ena) ee Value, Tim we, autiog Valua, 4pm ache, pear jack, 4 5-98.28 sin (a1at +38) wiry (2 By sin(wot +0) aw PP. 2B28 A 4 Ged. 23 ies Lom, Tay. ~ 204A Toy = 2m =13-01A fs \ Xpz In bay =% eM ia = hk : Tw toms wan 234 £=somz Ordomine RMS 4 Avg. value of ore fr : halk wsave rectiyed ofp. Aléo duboerine” jenn jack 4 peak Vale . , js Tysind bln ote 1 iO Wn Te ov a RMS Value = ee +- 7 = | ap | 3870 do 4 fam sired ET KAVITHA M, AP, Dept. OF ECE, ISSATE, BANGALORE Page no 77 Scanned with CamScannerTe [Lae qf. i Lin 1} (428) do Sin?® = 1-t0828 z Se ou Dn phate: Tio alltannching yuartitialA@) one said jt be in phase osrh each “ othey when thelr (ercpelg H alugs occu at the Same ‘bine, if ty ass the | pte alas ok -be dame indent & if thay Bain Fhe Jame dizeckon » Peete The eqs vge SF cssent oil ART con be wily 62H Gi Vm sinw cette t 2 Imsinw i Parkicula —donfard : degrad os he gin pg podrd oy cyele ths? Which the altomuling quality has Adweweed — trom the Aedecled Onin, sa Shee the dlijfpience ny phase angle Hy uso AUlbnaling guaittics i ; St wo Apetiied city tn | degrees or in sodas, Phase, Ai ouvee can be inphade hase nu G pre Uae hy fhe Phare diffoune Wyo. Seen eee TAVITHAM, AP, Dept Of CE, ISSATE, BANGALORE Page No 20) eo Scanned with CamScannerENS — ow Me two abbenaling cyrarllit: pons ae at Same intial but iy they y $0 z Av’ we co ofpatil direcleons, they aw dad tebe Wot Eyre fe WARS Custer UV Sinvot Tl -Typ seine nt Ike 8 us otlain te mar. Value cut dy, phase ie they have phat diffounce a ler". | <= E Ww. fH Wo Vmsinw b q Sok ° ae cin Coat +b) +? lead — —s og KAVITHA M, AP, Dept. OF ECE, ISATE, BANGALORE Page No“ Scanned with CamScannercan be wpeieried i”) po latin cnang WE alae tos, tom 9 smal = ze fe angle rapa Rata tom Reclahgulan yom) ZRE{* x: d-twm. fe Real Erm: R= ae oh eine pli * 7" Zeb | @ 12)s0 +320 Osd +82 a y.334j2°5 +6294 4 lo eWeas gh § @ 12L32 Aalig c\las be 2y [Boro 2y [4o @ Ihre verted ase girth by, P =204}20 B= ook Czlo4} © 108° AB Peri a 4 Ae R- aor}20 = 28.26)us. Be avons C-10le” Rel 2 = BGK LIS? Bele 5 otal’ Scanned with CamScanner®) R: s4j2 B- 10-}20 ec: §-j1S tthd yg h4P vy) P82 phe vw 2B Bae Vg 53 Ae ® p 2 22-36 [63-43 2\-21 Last PD. 9343) SbId- Is-JIa “yf 4Be Gi RB= 90-]80 a i Gi PB = soerjo 76 P+ 5.05] 3.56 WW) 3 - 8. (Ww) pits = §.[9us]-8:S6 (D #4 Be \ -31-06 = 12 Hiab [30 BS es Scanned with CamScanner