RELAY COORDINATION STUDY

What is Relay?

❖ The relay is a device which open or close the circuit breaker contact; when
the current transformer sensed the abnormal current flow in it hence it gives a
signal to the relay so the relay which opens the circuit breaker to isolate the
faulty portion with a proper coordination time and to protect the system from
the damage.

What is Relay coordination?

❖ Relay coordination is the process of configuring and setting up protective

relays in an electrical system to ensure they operate in a logical, hierarchical,
and selective manner. The primary goal is to isolate only the faulty section of
the system while keeping the rest of the network operational, minimizing
disruptions and damage.

1. Selective Tripping: Only the relay closest to the fault (downstream)

operates to disconnect the affected portion of the system.

2. Backup Protection: Upstream relays operate as a backup if the primary

relay or breaker fails to clear the fault.
 3. Minimal Disruption: Fault clearance occurs with minimal interruption to
the rest of the power system.
4. System Reliability: Ensures fast, efficient, and reliable fault clearing to
maintain system stability.

Notes:

In Relay Coordination, having two terminologies:

1. Release
2. Relay

What is Release?

❖ The Release which is defined as there is no separate relay or current

transformer to operate. In the circuit breaker itself perform the protection
function of the relay called as the Release.

What is the difference between Relay and Release?

Aspect Relay Release

Function Protective or control device that Triggering mechanism for
monitors conditions and sends tripping a circuit breaker.
signals.

Standalone Typically a separate component. Part of a larger device like a

Device circuit breaker.
Operation Operates based on input signals or Operates based on
parameters (e.g., current, voltage). predefined fault conditions.
Examples Overcurrent relay, differential relay. Thermal release, magnetic
release.
Purpose Detect faults and send a signal to Trips the circuit breaker
another device (e.g., circuit breaker). directly.

Why release are preferring for LV system but not for MV system?

❖ Releases are chosen for LV systems because of their simplicity, cost-

effectiveness, and ability to integrate directly into circuit breakers, meeting
the basic protection needs of low-voltage networks.

❖ Relays are used in MV systems because of their flexibility, advanced

functionality, and ability to handle the higher complexity, coordination, and
fault levels typical of medium-voltage networks.

1. Simplicity of LV Systems:

❖ Low Voltage Systems: LV systems typically involve simpler electrical

distribution networks system.
o Releases, which are built into circuit breakers, provide adequate
protection for LV circuits since the requirements for fault detection and
isolation are less complex.
o They are compact, cost-effective, and straightforward, making them
ideal for the relatively simple protection needs of LV systems.

❖ Medium Voltage Systems: MV systems are more complex, with larger

network system and more critical coordination requirements. Relays are more
 suited for these needs because they allow for greater flexibility and advanced
settings.

2. Integrated Protection in LV Circuit Breakers:

❖ In LV systems, protection devices like molded case circuit breakers

(MCCBs) or air circuit breakers (ACBs) typically have built-in releases.
These releases:

a. Are directly integrated with the circuit breaker.

b. Offer simple protection against overcurrent, short circuits, and ground

faults.

c. Operate without the need for external components, reducing cost and
space requirements.

❖ MV circuit breakers, on the other hand, do not have built-in protection

elements. Instead, they rely on external relays to monitor system conditions
and send trip signals when necessary.

3. Cost and Space Considerations:

❖ In LV systems, using built-in releases in circuit breakers reduces the need

for external devices like relays, saving cost and space.
 ❖ MV systems justify the higher cost and complexity of external relays due
to the critical need for advanced protection and fault handling.

What are the two types of protection scheme?

1. Unit protection scheme

2. Backup protection scheme

Unit protection:

❖ The Unit protection is a type of protection scheme in electrical systems where

a specific section, zone, or unit of the system is monitored and protected
independently of other parts. It ensures that any fault within the protected zone
is detected and isolated without affecting the rest of the system. This localized
approach improves reliability and minimizes disruption to other parts of the
network.

Advantages of Unit Protection

1. High Selectivity: Detects and isolates faults within the specific zone only.

2. Fast Operation: Minimal delay in fault clearance due to localized

monitoring.

3. System Stability: Reduces the risk of widespread outages.

 4. Backup Coordination: Provides robust primary protection, minimizing the
need for upstream backup relays.

Disadvantages of Unit Protection

1. Cost: Requires dedicated measuring devices (e.g., CTs, VTs) at zone

boundaries, making it more expensive than non-unit schemes.
2. Complexity: Installation and configuration can be more complicated.
3. Limited Coverage: Only protects the defined zone; additional schemes are
needed for other parts of the system.

Non unit protection:

❖ The Non-Unit Protection, which doesn’t include the unit protection elements
and also it doesn’t had any specific area or boundaries to be protected.

❖ It will be important while it acting as the Backup Protection for the Primary
Protections. Because it will act as protective zone for its own designated
areas as well as these protective zones can overlap the other area’s which
are already covered by the other Primary protective element.

❖ Mainly it will identify the fault only with the help of current transformers
and it will incorporate an inverse time characteristic into the protection
operation which will allow protection nearer to the fault to be operate first.
The Backup protection includes the main characteristics like Overload and
Short-Circuit Protective functions.
What are the protection devices available in LV system?

❖ Switch
❖ Fuse
❖ Disconnector
❖ MCB – Miniature circuit breaker
❖ MCCB – Moulded case circuit breaker (Release)
❖ ACB – Air circuit breaker (Release)
❖ Current limiting breakers.

FUSE:

❖ Fuse is an electrical protection device designed to protect circuits and

equipment from overcurrent conditions such as overloads or short circuits. It
is a simple, cost-effective component that interrupts the flow of electrical
current by melting a metal element when the current exceeds a predefined
limit for a certain duration.

❖ Rated Current: It means the current that can be carried safely for an indefinite
period without undue heating and melting the fuse wire.
❖ Fusing Current: It means the value of current at which the fusing wire
melts when current passes through it even for a fraction of second
Step 1: Click Fuse and go to rating page

Step 2: Click library option below in the rating page

Step 3: Choose Manufacturer, Model, Max kV, Size of fuse. The continuous rating
of the fuse should be more than the motor FLA.

Step 4: Click star view and plot the TCC curve for motor and fuse.

Step 5: The below picture of TCC Curve which represents the fuse curve has
intersects the motor starting curve that means motor is not able to start with fuse in
properly so have to choose other protection device.
 TCC CURVE FOR FUSE

What is the difference between Fuse and MCCB?

.
 Aspect Fuse MCB

Functionality Protects circuits by melting its Protects circuits by tripping its

element when overcurrent flows. switch during overcurrent or
short circuit conditions.
Working Based on the thermal effect of Operates using thermal (for
current: the heat generated melts the overload) and/or magnetic
Principle
fuse wire. (for short circuits)
mechanisms to trip the circuit.
Reusability Single-use device; must be replaced Reusable device; can be reset
after it blows. manually after tripping.
Maintenance Requires frequent replacement after Requires-minimal
operation. maintenance; only resetting is
needed after tripping.
Cost Cheaper to purchase initially. More expensive than fuses.

MCB – MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER

What is MCB?

❖ An MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is an electrical protection device to

protect circuits by tripping its switch during overcurrent or short circuit
conditions.

❖ It operates using thermal (for overload) and/or magnetic (for short circuits)
mechanisms to trip the circuit.
❖ It is reusable device; can be reset manually after tripping.

❖ It requires minimal maintenance; only resetting is needed after tripping.

MCB
 Types of MCB based on tripping characteristics curve:

Type Tripping Current Operating Time

Type B 3 To 5 times the full 0.04 To 13 Sec

load current

Type C 5 To 10 times the full 0.04 To 5 Sec

load current

Type D 10 To 20 times the 0.04 To 3 Sec

full load current

Type K 8 To 12 times the full <0.1 Sec

load current

Type Z 2 To 3 times the full <0.1 Sec

load current
Types of MCB based on Tripping characteristics curve:

Type B MCB:

❖ A Type B MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a specific type of MCB

designed to trip when the current flowing through it exceeds 3 to 5 times its
rated current (In). This type of MCB is suitable for circuits with low inrush
currents, making it ideal for protecting resistive loads and applications with
minimal surges, such as lighting and general-purpose outlets.

Type C MCB:

❖ A Type C MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a type of circuit breaker

designed to trip when the current flowing through it exceeds 5 to 10 times its
rated current (In). This makes it suitable for circuits with moderate inrush
 currents, such as inductive loads (e.g., motors, transformers, and fluorescent
lighting).

Type D MCB:

❖ A Type D MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a type of circuit breaker

designed to trip when the current flowing through it exceeds 10 to 20 times its
rated current (In). It is specifically suited for circuits with high inrush currents,
such as heavy industrial equipment, transformers, or large motors.

Type K MCB:

❖ A Type K MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a specialized type of circuit

breaker designed to trip when the current flowing through it exceeds 8 to 12
 times its rated current (In). It is specifically suited for protecting circuits with
highly inductive loads, such as transformers, motors, and solenoids, where
frequent inrush currents occur.

Type Z MCB:

❖ A Type Z MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a highly sensitive circuit

breaker designed to trip when the current flowing through it exceeds 2 to 3
times its rated current (In). It provides the fastest tripping among all MCB
types and is used for protecting extremely sensitive electronic equipment and
circuits.
Types of MCB based on Number of poles:

❖ Single pole MCB:

❖ A Single Pole MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a type of MCB designed

to protect a single-phase circuit by breaking only the live (phase) wire when
an overload or short circuit occurs. It is widely used in residential,
commercial, and industrial electrical systems for protecting individual
circuits.
❖ Double pole MCB:

❖ A Double Pole MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a type of circuit breaker

designed to provide protection to both the live (phase) and neutral wires in a
single-phase electrical circuit. When a fault occurs (such as an overload or
short circuit), it simultaneously disconnects both wires, ensuring the circuit
is completely isolated.

❖ Triple pole MCB:

❖ A Triple Pole MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a type of circuit breaker

designed to provide protection for all three phases (R, Y, and B) in a three-
phase system. It trips when an overload, short circuit, or fault occurs in any
of the three phases, simultaneously disconnecting all three.
❖ Triple pole with neutral MCB:

❖ A Triple Pole with Neutral (TPN) MCB is a type of circuit breaker designed
for three-phase systems with a neutral connection. It provides protection for
all three phases (R, Y, and B) while also including a connection for the
neutral wire. This ensures that the circuit is fully isolated during fault
conditions, including the neutral.

❖ Four pole MCB:

❖ A Four Pole MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is a type of circuit breaker

designed for three-phase systems with a neutral connection. It protects all
three phases (R, Y, and B) and actively includes protection for the neutral
wire. This ensures complete safety and disconnection of the circuit during
faults, including overloads and short circuits in the neutral.
How to run relay coordination in etap?

Step 1: Click the star – protection & coordination on top of the home page.

Step 2: Click create star view in the right corner by holding the equipment
which need for protection in the SLD.

Step 3: Click the star view manager when any new equipment will add to
the previous star view.

Append – Add component & Purge – Delete component

Step 4: Plot the TCC curve and adjust the curve for the protection.
 Step 5: Click Run/Update short circuit current in KA at buses to update the
short circuit current.

Step 6: Click fault insertion (PD Sequence – of – operation) for the sequence
of breaker/ release to operate.

Step 7: Click sequence viewer option for in which time the event occurs

❖ Display option – display units and so on

Options available:

1) Star system – switch to star system from SLD

2) One line diagram – Switch to One – line diagram

MCCB – Moulded case circuit breaker:

What is MCCB?

❖ A Moulded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) is a type of circuit breaker that is

used to protect electrical circuits from overload, short circuits, and electrical
faults. It is designed to handle higher current ratings and provide protection for
both low and medium-voltage electrical circuits. MCCBs are widely used in
industrial, commercial, and large residential applications.
 ❖ MCCBs are now available with a variety of Releases or Operating Mechanisms
these are given below
Thermal Magnetic Release
Electronic Release (or) Microprocessor Release.

Thermal Magnetic Release :

❖ Thermal-magnetic circuit breakers use bi-metals and electromagnetic

assemblies to provide overcurrent protection.
 ❖ Thermal Protection (Overload Protection):
❖ Thermal release component provides protection against overload conditions
where the current exceeds the rated value over a period of time. It works based
on heat generation caused by the continuous flow of current.

❖ Working - Bimetallic Strip:

❖ The thermal release mechanism typically uses a bimetallic strip made of two
different metals with different coefficients of expansion.
❖ When the current exceeds the rated value, it causes the bimetallic strip to
heat up.
❖ As the strip heats, it bends due to the different expansion rates of the metals.
❖ If the overload condition persists, the bending of the strip triggers a trip
mechanism that disconnects the circuit.

Magnetic Protection (Short Circuit Protection):

❖ The magnetic release provides protection against short circuit conditions, where
a large amount of current flows instantaneously through the circuit. The
magnetic release operates very quickly to disconnect the circuit and prevent
damage.
❖ Working – Electromagnet:

❖ A coil of wire is placed inside the circuit breaker and is connected to the
electrical circuit.
❖ In the event of a short circuit, the current increases drastically and generates a
strong magnetic field.
❖ The magnetic field activates a plunger or armature that quickly trips the breaker
and disconnects the circuit.

Electronic Release:
❖ Electronic release in a circuit breaker is a protection mechanism that uses
electronic components and microprocessor-based systems to detect and respond
to faults such as overload, short circuits, and ground faults. This type of release
offers more precise and customizable protection compared to thermal or
thermal-magnetic releases. It is typically used in MCCBs (Moulded Case
Circuit Breakers) and other advanced circuit protection devices.

❖ The advantage of the release is that operating characteristics of the breaker is

independent of the ambient temperature.

❖ This wide flexibility takes care of future increases in load capacity of

installation and ensures better planning at an optimum cost.
Microprocessor Release:

❖ A microprocessor release is a type of protection mechanism used in circuit

breakers that incorporates a microprocessor-based system to monitor and
control the operation of the breaker. It provides advanced protection features,
precise fault detection, and customizable settings that go beyond traditional
thermal or magnetic protection. Microprocessor releases are commonly found
in MCCBs and ACBs in industrial, commercial, and critical applications.

❖ The Microprocessor release works on monitoring of current True R.M.S

value. It is calculated from peak values, which installed microprocessor, can
detect.

❖ There is high Flexibility through multiple adjustments of protection settings,

High repeat accuracy, and High reliability.

❖ Time delays can be provided for Short Circuit Release better discrimination
and co-ordination using LCD display. System Diagnosis is possible as it stores
the Trip history within the internal memory.
Current limiting breaker (MCB/MCCB):

❖ A current-limiting breaker is a type of circuit breaker designed to quickly

interrupt fault currents before they reach their peak value. It limits the let-

through energy (I²t) that passes through the breaker, reducing the potential

damage to electrical equipment and improving system protection.

❖ When a short-circuit or fault current occurs, a current-limiting breaker

responds within a fraction of a cycle (often less than half a cycle of AC).

❖ It creates a high resistance in the circuit, limiting the peak current before it

reaches its maximum value.

❖ This rapid action helps reduce stress on electrical components and minimizes

the risk of fire or equipment failure.

❖ A current limiting breaker exhibits a current limiting characteristic. That is it

can reduce the peak apparent fault current to a lesser value and isolate the

fault in less than a half cycle time.

❖ Fuses are also current limiter and cheaper. Current limiting circuit breakers

ensure less thermal stress on cables during short circuits.

Air circuit breaker:

❖ Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) is a type of circuit breaker that uses air as the arc

extinguishing medium to interrupt electrical faults. It is commonly used in

high-power applications such as industrial plants, power stations, and

commercial buildings.

❖ Uses compressed air or natural air for arc quenching.

❖ Provides overcurrent, short-circuit, and earth fault protection.

❖ Capable of handling high short-circuit currents.

❖ An Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) is a robust and reliable protection device for
low to medium voltage power systems. It is widely used in industrial,
commercial, and renewable energy applications due to its high fault-handling
capacity and easy maintenance.
LV Breaker current terminologies:

❑ Icu - Ultimate Breaking Current. (RMS)

❑ Ics - Service Breaking Current. (RMS)

❑ Ip(or) Icm - Peak Asymmetrical Current. (Peak) or Making Current.

❑ Icw(or )Ithr - Short time withstand current with Tkr – withstand Time(1Sec - LV

/ 3 sec -MV ).

❑ Size (or) Ampere Frame (AF).

❑ Rated Amps (or) Ampere Trip (AT).

❑ Icu - Ultimate Breaking Current. (RMS)

❖ Icu is really the maximum perspective fault which a circuit breaker can clear

(with the fault current being expressed as rms for ac). but it may not be usable

(in service) afterwards.

❖ This is verified by testing in accordance with the standard and is applicable at

a specific set of electrical and environmental conditions. If these conditions

change then it may be necessary to de-rate the circuit breaker.

❖ After clearing a fault the circuit breaker does not have to remain serviceable

and could be dangerous to operate.

❖ This point is particularly important in circuit breakers when the Ics is lower

than the Icu.

❖ Test sequence III : O - t - CO ( open - 3mins- close open) as per IEC 60947.

❑ Ics - Service Breaking Current. (RMS)

❖ Ics is the maximum perspective fault current which the circuit breaker can clear

and still remain serviceable. The standard does allow some minor welding

of the contacts to take place, so after a large fault it would still be necessary

to inspect the breaker.

❖ When specified as a percentage of Ics, the standard IEC 60947 proposes

ranges of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%.

❖ It may be expressed as a % of Icu (for example Ics = 50 % Icu)

❖ Test sequence II : O - t - CO - t - CO (open - 3mins- close open-3mins- close

open) as per IEC 60947.

Notes on Breaker Current Terminologies:

❑ Icu= Ics = Icw for 1 Sec in only with few Air Circuit Breaker .

❑ For MV breakers Icu= Ics = Icw for 1 Sec or 3 Sec , That’s the reason behind

MV breakers doesn't have any such current ratings.

❑ Icu - Ultimate Breaking Current. (RMS).

Notes on Breaker Current Terminologies:

❑ Icu= Ics = Icw for 1 Sec in most of the Air Circuit Breaker .

❑ When we are using ETAP for LV circuit breaker which is current limiting

type and operated in 2-3 msec will not given a correct co-ordination result.

❑ When we modelled current limiting LV breakers in ETAP, we need model

and validate it up to 3 msec but minimum available time in ETAP is 10-15

msec.
 Notes on Breaker Current Terminologies: MCCB

Notes on Breaker Current Terminologies: ACB

Releases:
RELEASES

THERMAL
ELECTRONIC
MAGNETIC
RELEASE

THERMAL FIXED MAGNETIC LONG

FIXED
SHORT
THERMAL ADJUST
MAGNETIC ADJUST INSTANTANEOUS

THERMAL FIXED MAGNETIC GROUND

ADJUST

THERMAL ADJUST
MAGNETIC FIXED
 How to calculate Motor FLA?

Motor FLA = 51.46 A

Motor LRA = 308 8 A, LRC% = 600 Protection inputs for motor

What is locked rotor current?
The locked rotor current is the starting current of the motor starting. The current

occurs at the short period of the time. The locked rotor current occurs due to not

turning of the rotor (locked); hence after a period thus the rotor will gain a speed

and to run so thus the motor accelerates and the current gradually decreases and

reach the rated current.

Starting curve of the motor:

The above picture is that motor starting curve of motor terminal bus voltage (Vt)

is 100% so thus the locked rotor current of the motor is 308.8 A.

The above picture is that motor starting curve of motor terminal bus voltage (Vt)

is 80% so thus the locked rotor current of the motor is 247.1 A.

The above picture is that motor starting curve of motor terminal bus voltage (Vt)

is 110% so thus the locked rotor current of the motor is 339.7 A.

What is Asymmetrical locked rotor current?

The Locked rotor current is the starting current of the motor starting. The current

occurs at the short period of the time. The Locked rotor current occurs due to not

turning of the rotor (locked); hence after a period thus the rotor will gain a speed

and to run so thus the motor accelerates and the current gradually decreases and

reach the rated current

The above picture shows that the asymmetrical locked rotor current of 494.1 A

of motor terminal voltage (Vt) of 100%.

The above picture shows that the asymmetrical locked rotor current of 395.3 A

of motor terminal voltage (Vt) of 80%.

The above picture shows that the asymmetrical locked rotor current of 543.5 A

of motor terminal voltage (Vt) of 110%.

Asymmetrical factor for motor terminal voltage of 110%

What is Asymmetrical factor?

The Asymmetrical factor is that the ratio of the peak value of the Asymmetrical

(Unbalanced) current to the symmetrical (balanced) current of the locked rotor

current of the motor.

Asymmetrical factor = (LRC Asymmetrical peak current/ LRC

Symmetrical current).

Asymmetrical current is transient in nature and it decays over a time that is

called Initial Inrush current.

For a Three phase Induction motor the Asymmetrical factor is 1.6 to 2 higher

than the symmetrical locked rotor current.

The Asymmetrical factor is crucial for designing the protection devices like

circuit breaker and fuses, as they need to handle the high initial current without

tripping unnecessiarly.

The Asymmetrical factor in the LRC of a motor refers to the phenomenon where

the current is not symmetrically distributed among the motor phases when the

rotor initially locked and the motor is started. This is particularly significant in

the three phase Induction motor. The Asymmetrical factor accounts for the

transient behaviour of the motor during startup, where the current waveform can

be significantly distorted, especially immediately after the energizing.

How to design LV circuit breaker as MCCB Release?

Step 1: Go to rating page of LV circuit breaker and click library

Step 2: Choose a breaker type (MCCB)
Step 3: Select a breaker manufacturer and model
Step 4: Choose short circuit data as per the model of breaker
Step 5: Choose breaker size (Amps)
Step 6: Trip device has choose (Thermal Magnetic)
 MCCB – Thermal Magnetic TCC Curve:

TCC Curve

The below picture represents:

Step 1: Click a library
Step 2: Click a Trip device
Step 3: Choose a release (Thermal Magnetic)

Step 4: Choose a manufacturer

Step 5: Choose a model for respective manufacturer
Step 6: Click parameters
 Thermal

Multi min = 1.58 (-ve tolerance)

TM ID = 63 A

1.58*63 = 99.5 A (16s)

Thermal

Multi max = 7.08 (+ve tolerance)

TM ID = 63 A

7.08*63 = 446.04 A (9.9s)

Magnetic

Min trip = 8 multiples Max trip = 8 multiples

TM ID = 63 A TM ID = 63 A

Min trip = 8*63 = 504 A Max trip = 12*63 = 756 A

MCCB RELEASE – MANUFACTURER: ABB, TM MODEL: LN100

(THERMAL ADJUST – 100% MAGNETIC FIXED)

In the above TCC curve shows that the protection curve which overlap with

the motor starting current so thus the motor will not able to start properly

because the protection device has trips unnecessarily of the starting current of

the motor and also the protection curve which touches the motor damage

curve, hence the protection coordination is not proper.

Thermal adjust – 80% and Magnetic fixed

In the above TCC curve shows that the protection curve which overlap with

the motor starting current so thus the motor will not able to start properly

because the protection device has trips unnecessarily of the starting current of

the motor and also the protection curve which touches the motor damage

curve, hence the protection coordination is not proper.

MCCB RELEASE – SEIMENS MANUFACTURER, TM MODEL: 3VF3 (Adj);

(THERMAL ADJUST MAGNETIC ADJUST)

 TCC CURVE – (THERMAL ADJ – 100% MAGNETIC ADJ – 9

TIMES)

In the above TCC curve shows that the protection curve which is overlap with

the motor starting current so thus the motor able to start properly because the

protection device has not trips unnecessarily of the starting current of the

motor and also the protection curve which doesn’t touches the motor damage

curve, hence the protection coordination is proper.

SOLID STATE TRIP DEVICE; ABB Manufacturer & Ekip LSIG (Electronic

XT2) Model

How to get negative tolerance for LSIG:

Step 1: Click library and click Trip device

Step 2: Choose solid state release from the trip device
Step 3: Choose a manufacturer and model of the Solid state release
Step 4: Click a parameter and view a tolerance for LSIG
LT Pickup negative tolerance ST Pickup negative tolerance

Ground pickup negative tolerance

Minimum pickup = 133.1 A

Maximum pickup = 107.5 A

Long time pickup tolerance

(min = 5% & max = 30%)
 Long time band

152.3 A with long time band of 40.7 s to

61 s

Instantaneous

Instantaneous pickup tolerance (min =

-10% & max = 10%)

Minimum pickup = 1227 A

Maximum pickup = 1500 A

Ground

Min pickup = 28.8 A

Max pickup = 35.2 A

Ground pickup tolerance

(Min = -10% & Max =
10%)
SOLID STATE TRIP DEVICE; ABB MAUFACTURER & SACE PR112

MODEL
 Long time pickup
tolerance (min =-
10% & max = 10%)

Min = 180 A

Max = 220 A
 Long time band

1145 A with long time band from

2.97 s to 1.98 s

Instantaneous pickup tolerance

(Min = -10% & Max = 10 %)

Min = 1934 A

Max = 2616 A
 Ground pickup tolerance (Min = -
15 & Max = 15%)

Min = 42.5 A

Max = 57.5 A

Important notes: CSR - CURRENT SENSOR RATING

LV INCOMER BREAKER:

Trip device: Solid state trip

Manufacturer: ABB

Model: SACE PR122/P (IEC)

LONG

SHORT

GROUND
TCC Curve : LV Incomer & Highest Motor Feeder

The above TCC curve shows that the coordination is proper because the LV

incomer curve is not overlap with the highest motor protection curve.

TCC Curve: LV Incomer with all outgoing feeders

Important notes:

For downstream motor feeder, need to give instantaneous because if there is

any fault occurs so the protective device will trip without any intentional time

delay but for LV incomer, need to give short.