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Assignment-WPS Office 2

The document provides a comprehensive overview of psychology, its definitions, subfields, and the importance of business psychology. It discusses modern approaches to psychology, including cognitive, behavioral, biological, and social-cultural perspectives, as well as concepts such as attitude, personality, emotional intelligence, motivation, learning, perception, and their implications in the workplace. Additionally, it highlights the significance of understanding human behavior for improving productivity, leadership, and decision-making in business contexts.

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9 views

Assignment-WPS Office 2

The document provides a comprehensive overview of psychology, its definitions, subfields, and the importance of business psychology. It discusses modern approaches to psychology, including cognitive, behavioral, biological, and social-cultural perspectives, as well as concepts such as attitude, personality, emotional intelligence, motivation, learning, perception, and their implications in the workplace. Additionally, it highlights the significance of understanding human behavior for improving productivity, leadership, and decision-making in business contexts.

Uploaded by

zuzexapp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment

1a; scholarly define the concepts of psychology and explain it in your own words

Answer: Psychology came from two Latin words "psyche", soul, mind. Logia "science" study
psychologia.psychology is the scientific or systematic study of behavior and mental process.

1.Scientific

2.behavior(you can see and observe them)

3.mental processes (you cannot observe them)

Psychology has many subfields, including cognitive psychology, behavioral psychology and social
psychology. This allows psychologist to focus on specific areas and specific aspects of human behavior
and develop more effective treatments for mental health issues.

Ib; list and explain six reasons why the study of business phycology is important

1. Understanding human behavior in the workplace can help to improve employee productivity and
morale.

2. Business psychology can help managers create better work environment and develop more effective
leadership styles.

3. It can be used to develop more effective recruitment and training programs.

4. Business psychology can help business understand and meet the needs of their customers.

5. It can be used to create more effective marketing and advertising campaigns.

6. The insights gained from business psychology can help businesses make better decisions achieve
their goals.

2a; Exhaustively discuss the modern approaches to the study of psychology.

The modern approach to the study of psychology is a departure from the traditional historical
perspective. There are four major approaches to the study of psychology, and these are often referred
to as approach, the behavioral approach, the cognitive approach, and the social cultural approach.

The biological approach focuses on the role of the brain and nervous system in behavior and cognition.
The behavior approach focuses on how the environment and past experiences influence behavior. The
cognitive approach focuses on how people process information and solve problems. The social cultural
approach looks at the impact of culture and social context on behavior and thinking. Each of these
perceptive offers or unique way of understanding human behavior.

2b; Explain the following


1.cognitive perceptive: The cognitive perspective, also known as the cognitive approach, is a scientific
approach to studying the mind and behavior.they also study how people learn, remember and process
information.

2. Behaviorism: Observable behavior, the behaviorism was developed by John B Watson. The behavioral
approach is the study of the observable behavior of people and animals.

3. Functionalism: function of the mind, the functionalist such as John Dewey, functionalism viewed
mental processes as a function of the mind and it's interactions with the environment.

4. Structurenalism: Elements of the mind, structurenalism was the study of the most basic elements
such as sensations and perception that makes up our conscious mental experiences.

3a; Scholarly define attitude and with a valid example explain the component of attitude.

Attitude is defined as an evaluative statement of either favourable or unfavorable about objects,


people or events, Attitudes are the assessment of someone's statement to determine whether it is
positive or negative.

Component of attitudes.

1. Cognitive component: the cognitive component is a description or beliefs in the way something is
done. Some of the major cognitive component are perception, attention, memory, language, problem,
solving and decisions making.

2. Affective component: the effective component is the feeling or emotional segment of an attitude. It
refers to the role of emotions and moods in thinking and behaviors. The affective component includes
things like motivation, arousal and emotional regulation.

3. Behavioural component: the behavior of a person refers to those observable actions he has toward an
object or a person. It refers to how our behaviour is influenced by our thoughts and emotions.the
behavioural component includes things like habit formation, conditioning and reinforcement.

B. Normative commitment: This is an obligation to remain with the organization for moral or ethical
reasons when an organization has paid you, it will be morally or ethically wrong to avoid work.

Continuance commitment: This is the perceived economic value of staying or remaining with the
organization. It refers to the employees feeling to stay with the company because of their desire to earn
a living.

Cognitive dissonant: Cognitive dissonance is a term that describes the feeling of discomfort we
experience when our thoughts and actions are inconsistent. Cognitive dissonance is a powerful force
that can influence our decisions and actions

Affective commitment: This is an emotional attachment to the organization and beliefs in it's value. It is
one's feeling of loyalty to an organization because he\she believes in the organization.
4a; Scholarly define personality and discuss the factors that determine personality.

Personality refers to the set of characteristics that make a person unique. Personality can be
defined as the the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others

Factors that determine personality

1. Biological/genetic factors (nature) : This refers to those genetic characteristics transfered from the
parents to the child. It is argued that personality is a product of hormones and genes transferred to the
children at conception.

2. Environmental factors ( nurture) : Environmental factors refer to those external conditions that
determine an individual traits through effective interactions

with the environment.

B. What is value? And differentiate between terminal and instrumental value.

Value are lasting believes or ideal shared by a culture about what is good or bad. Value are things
society hold on very high.

4b. Terminal and instrumental values are two different types of values that can guide our behavior.
Terminal values are the end goals that we strive for, such as happiness, security and achievement.
Instrumental values are the means to achieve those goals, such as honesty, justice and responsibility.
These two types of values can work together to guide our choices and actions.

5a; Scholarly define emotional intelligence and exhaustively the dimensions of emotional intelligence.

Emotional intelligence is the ability of known one's own emotions and the emotions of others.

Self awareness: this is the ability of someone's to know himself or his desires and activities, they tend to
be conscious and rational.

Self control: this is ability of an individual to assess his emotions to enable him take corrective measures.
It is near difficult to regulate one's emotions.

Empathy: this is the ability of a person to put himself in the shoes of others. It is the ability of one to feel
and think along with the feelings of others.

4b; Define and distinguish emotions and moods

Emotion is an intense feeling that is directed at someone or something. Moods are feelings that are
less intense and lack a contextual stimulus.

Emotions come quickly than the mood

Mood are difficult to explain


Emotions are caused by specific events

Mood are caused by general

Emotions are action oriented

Moods are cognitive oriented

Emotions are very brief in nature

4c; what is the role of emotional intelligence in today's work menu

Emotional intelligence is becoming increasingly important in the workplace, as more and more
companies recognize it's value. Studies have shown that emotional intelligence is associated with better
job performance, higher job satisfaction and greater leadership ability. Emotional intelligent people are
better able to manage stress, resolve conflict and build relationship with others.

6a; Scholarly define motivation and explain the two types of motivation.

1. Intrinsic motivation: the source of the motivation is within the individual is not from outside.

2. Extrinsic motivation: this simply refers to those factors of forces that influence behavior of a person
from the work environment.

6b; Discuss the theory x and y and explain it's implications on Nigeria worker.

Theory x managers take a more cynical view of their employees assuming that lack motivation and
must be externally rewarded to do tasks.

The theory y mangers have more positive views of their employees, believing the employees want to
work, are self motivated and are creative.

7a; What is learning?

Learning is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of practice
and experience.

7b; Differentiate between reinforcement and punishment.

Reinforcement involves adding something desirable to increase the likelihood of a behavior


occuring again. While punishment on the other hand, involves removing something desirable to
decrease the likelihood of a behavior occuring again. Both reinforcement and punishment can be used
to modify behavior, but reinforcement is generally considered more effective.

8a; What is perception and what are factors affecting perception.


Perception is the process of interpreting and understanding the world around us. It involves our
senses, such as sight, hearing, smells, tasks and toucy. Perception also involves how we process and
interpret the information we receive from our senses.

The factors that affects perception are culture, education, experience, interest and expectations.

8b; Explain the relationship between perception and decisions making.

Our perception influence the way we make decisions making affecting the information we take in
and how we make decisions by affecting the information we take in and how we interpret it. If we have
biased or inaccurate perception of a situation we are likely to make a poor decision. By improving our
perception, we can improve our decision making and make better choices.

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