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Problem-Sets-5

The document contains a series of supplementary problems related to fluid mechanics, focusing on pump efficiency, hydroelectric power generation, and hydraulic systems. Each problem provides specific parameters and requires calculations for mechanical efficiency, power output, flow rates, and head losses. Solutions to the problems are also included, offering answers to the calculations presented.

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ronielyanson2
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24 views

Problem-Sets-5

The document contains a series of supplementary problems related to fluid mechanics, focusing on pump efficiency, hydroelectric power generation, and hydraulic systems. Each problem provides specific parameters and requires calculations for mechanical efficiency, power output, flow rates, and head losses. Solutions to the problems are also included, offering answers to the calculations presented.

Uploaded by

ronielyanson2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGR. EDMIL JHON B.

ARIQUES — FLUID MECHANICS 1


SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS

1. The pump of a water distribution system is powered


by a 15-kW electric motor whose efficiency is 90
percent. The water flow rate through the pump is 50
L/s. The diameters of the inlet and outlet pipes are the
same, and the elevation difference across the pump is
negligible. If the absolute pressures at the inlet and
outlet of the pump are measured to be 100 kPa and
300 kPa, respectively, determine (a) the mechanical
efficiency of the pump and (b) the temperature rise of
water as it flows through the pump due to mechanical
inefficiencies. Answers: 74.1%, 0.017°C

2. In a hydroelectric power plant, 100 m3/sec of water


flows from an elevation of 120 m to a turbine, where
electric power is generated. The total irreversible
head loss in the piping system from point 1 to point 2
(excluding the turbine unit) is determined to be 35 m.
If the overall efficiency of the turbine—generator is 80
percent, estimate the electric power output.) Answer:
66.7 MW

ENGR. EDMIL JHON B. ARIQUES — FLUID MECHANICS 2


3. In a hydroelectric power plant, water flows from an elevation of 400 ft to a
turbine, where electric power is generated. For an overall turbine—generator
efficiency of 85 percent, determine the minimum flow rate required to
generate 100 kW of electricity. Answer: 217 lbm/sec

4. Reconsider previous problem, determine the flow rate of water if the


irreversible head loss of the piping system between the free surfaces of the
inlet and the outlet is 36 ft. Answer: 238.40 lbm/sec

5. A submersible pump with a shaft power of 5 kW and an


efficiency of 72 percent is used to pump water from a lake
to a pool through a constant diameter pipe. The free surface
of the pool is 25 m above the free surface of the lake. If the
irreversible head loss in the piping system is 4 m, determine

ENGR. EDMIL JHON B. ARIQUES — FLUID MECHANICS 3


the discharge rate of water and the pressure difference
across the pump. Answer: 0.0127 m3/sec, 284.50 kPa

ENGR. EDMIL JHON B. ARIQUES — FLUID MECHANICS 4


7. Water is being pumped from a large lake to a reservoir 25 m above at a rate of 25
L/s by a 10-kW (shaft) pump. If the irreversible head loss of the piping system is 5 m,
determine the mechanical efficiency of the pump.
Answer: 73.6%

8. A 15-hp (shaft) pump is used to raise water to a 45-m higher elevation. If the
mechanical efficiency of the pump is 82 percent, determine the maximum volume
flow rate of water. Answer: 0.0208 m3/sec

9. Water flows at a rate of 0.035 m3/sec in a horizontal pipe whose


diameter is reduced from 15 cm to 8 cm by a reducer. If the pressure at
the centerline is measured to be 480 kPa and 445 kPa before and after the
reducer, respectively, determine the irreversible head loss in the reducer.
Take the kinetic energy correction factors to be 1.05.
Answer: 1.183 m

ENGR. EDMIL JHON B. ARIQUES — FLUID MECHANICS 5


10. The water level in a tank is 20 m above the ground. A hose is
connected to the bottom of the tank, and the nozzle at the end of the hose
is pointed straight up. The tank is at sea level, and the water surface is
open to the atmosphere. In the line leading from the tank to the nozzle is a
pump, which increases the pressure of water. If the water jet rises to a
height of 27 m from the ground, determine the minimum pressure rise
supplied by the pump to the water line. Answer: 68.7 kPa

11. A hydraulic turbine has 50 m of head available at a flow rate of 1.30m3/sec, and its
overall turbine—generator efficiency is 78 percent. Determine the electric power output
of this turbine. Answer: 497 kW

12. Water flows at a rate of 20 L/s through a horizontal pipe whose diameter is
constant at 3 cm. The pressure drop across a valve in the pipe is measured to be 2 kPa,
as shown. Determine the irreversible head loss of the valve, and the useful pumping
power needed to overcome the resulting pressure drop.
Answer: 0.204 m, 40 W

ENGR. EDMIL JHON B. ARIQUES — FLUID MECHANICS 6


14. A large tank is initially filled with water 5 m above the center of a sharp-
edged 10-cm-diameter orifice. The tank water surface is open to the
atmosphere, and the orifice drains to the atmosphere. If the total irreversible
head loss in the system is 0.3 m, determine the initial discharge velocity of
water from the tank. Take the kinetic energy correction factor at the orifice
to be 1.2.
Answer: 8.77 m/sec

15. Water enters a hydraulic turbine through a 30-cm diameter pipe at a rate
of 0.60 m3/sec and and exits through a 25-cm diameter pipe. The pressure
drop in the turbine is measured by a mercury manometer to be 1.2 m. For a
combined turbine generator efficiency of 83 percent, determine the net
electric power output. Disregard the effect of the kinetic energy correction
factors.
Answer: 55 kW

6.

ENGR. EDMIL JHON B. ARIQUES — FLUID MECHANICS 7


7.

ENGR. EDMIL JHON B. ARIQUES — FLUID MECHANICS 8

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