Republic of the Philippines

department of Education
Region I
PANGASINAN DIVISION II
Binalonan, Pangasinan

DIVISION CITIZENSHIP ADVANCEMENT TRAINING (CAT)

SELF LEARNING MODULE

QUARTER 3, WEEK I

FAMILY PLANNING, BIRTH CONTROL, HIV & AIDS

MELC/s:
Discuss the importance of family planning, Birth control; Define HIV & AIDS & Preventive measures

Prepared by:

EUSEBIO C. SOLIS
Head Teacher III
Mataas na Paaralan ng Umingan
PART I:
A. Introduction
Family planning remains one of the most cost-effective public health measures available in developing
countries. Use of family planning is associated with lower rates of maternal and infant mortality and can influence
economic growth.
A Birth Control method that fits your Life. Note: When you first start using most of these methods, it takes
up to a week to start working. Be sure to use backup birth control (like a condom) for the first seven days.
Many people see HIV and AIDS as being the same thing, and therefore make the assumption that someone
who is HIV positive could die tomorrow. This is not true. It is important to distinguish between HIV and AIDS.
B. Discussion
Family Planning
• How can family planning help you?
✓ Healthier mothers and children
✓ Fewer children means more time and money for each one
✓ Delaying pregnancy lets young people stay in school
✓ HIV Infection T- cells and B cells
✓ AIDS
✓ HIV and AIDS transmitted
Why use family planning?
In this lesson you are expected to:
⚫ Family Planning and Birth Control (CONTRACEPTIVES)
⚫ Identify the terms and conditions of the family planning and birth control
⚫ Describe the difference between HIV infection and AIDS
⚫ Define the terms: antibody and antigen
⚫ Describe the progression of HIV infection
Why use family planning? Benefits
– Mothers and babies are healthier when risky pregnancies are avoided.
– Smaller families mean more money and food for each child.
– Parents have more time to work and to be with family.
– Delaying first or second pregnancy lets young people stay in school. Things to Consider
– Many young people need contraceptives to delay pregnancy.
– Ideally, young women and men should wait until at least 18 years or have finished studies, and are ready
before having children.
– After having a child, it is healthier to wait at least 2 years to try to become pregnant again.
– Having more than 4 children makes childbirth riskier.

Safety Recovery: Comparing family planning methods

There are many methods to choose from.
• Some are more effective than others.
• Some are easier to use and some are harder to use.
• Methods that are harder to use may be less effective if you don't use them correctly.
Methods I can provide now:
• Male Condom
What it is0
– A thin rubber covering that fits over the erect penis.
– Is a barrier that keeps sperm out of the vagina.

• Female Condom
What it is
– Plastic covering inserted into the vagina before sex.
– Is a barrier that keeps sperm out of the vagina
• Pills
What it is
– A pill with hormones in it that is taken every day.

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 – Prevents release of egg, and blocks sperm from meeting egg.
• Injections
What it is
– Hormone injection.
– Prevents release of egg.
• Withdrawal counselling
What it is
– The man withdraws his penis from his partner's vagina and ejaculates outside
the vagina.
– Works by keeping sperm out of the woman's body.
• Implants
What it is
– Small tubes placed under the skin of inner, upper arm.
– Hormones from the tubes blocks sperm from reaching egg and prevent release of
egg.
• IUD
What it is
– Small, flexible, plastic "T" wrapped in copper wire that is placed in the womb.
– Prevents sperm from meeting the egg.
• Female sterilization
What it is
– Specially trained provider makes one or two small cuts to reach the tubes
that carry eggs to the womb.
– Cuts or blocks the tubes. The womb is not removed.
– Can be done right after you have a baby as well as other times
• Vasectomy
What it is
– Specially trained provider makes two small cuts to reach the tubes that carry
sperm.
– Cuts tubes. Testicles are not removed.
– Works by keeping sperm out of semen.
Photos take from: http://www.who.int/hiv/en

What is HIV?
HIV stands for:
* Human: Infecting human beings
* Immunodeficiency: Decrease or weakness in the body’s ability to fight off infections and illnesses
* Virus: A pathogen having the ability to replicate only inside a living cell

What is AIDS?
AIDS stands for:
Acquired: To come into possession of something new
* Immune Deficiency: Decrease or weakness in the body’s ability to fight off infections and
illnesses
* Syndrome: A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a particular abnormality
AIDS is the final stage of the disease caused by infection with the virus.

HIV vs. AIDS

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
Not everyone who is infected with HIV has AIDS. Everyone with AIDS is infected with HIV. AIDS is the result
of progression of HIV Infection. Anyone infected with HIV, although healthy, can still transmit the virus to
another person.

HIV infection leads to a weakened immune system. This makes a person with HIV vulnerable to infections.

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 AIDS results when HIV infection progresses to an advanced stage, damaging the immune system to a point at
which the body can no longer fight illness.

Drugs are available which can treat HIV and AIDS. These drugs are called antiretroviral (ARVs). They prevent
the virus from replicating and slow the progress of the disease. Currently, there is still no cure for AIDS or a
vaccine that will prevent HIV infection.

HIV is transmitted through:

• Unprotected sexual contact with an infected partner
• Exposure of broken skin or wound to infected blood or body fluids
• Transfusion with HIV-infected blood
• Injection with contaminated objects
• Mother to child during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding
Definition of antigen and antibody
Antigen is a substance recognized as foreign by the immune system. Antigens can be part of an organism or virus,
e.g., envelope, core and triggers antibody production.
Antibody is a protein (immunoglobulin) made by the body’s immune system to recognize and attack foreign
substances

Measuring human response to HIV infection: B and T cells

T and B cells are types of white blood cells called lymphocytes that provide protection against infection. B cells are
responsible for producing antibodies. There are three types of T cells.
Helper T-Cells (also called CD4+ cells) help other cells destroy infective organisms.
Suppressor T-Cells (also called CD8+ cells) suppress the activity of other lymphocytes so they don’t destroy normal
tissue.
Killer T-Cells (also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes, or CTLs, and are another kind of or CD8+ cell) recognize and
destroy abnormal or infected cells.
Over a period of time, HIV infects and kills white blood cells called CD4 lymphocytes or (T cells), leaving the body
unable to fight off certain kinds of infections

HIV can’t be transmitted by:

• coughing
• insect bites
• touching and hugging
• kissing
• public bath/ pool
• public toilet
• shaking hands
• working or going to school with a person who is HIV -infected
• telephone
• water or food
• haring cups, glasses, plates, or other utensils

WHO staging system for HIV infection and disease in adults

Clinical Stage I
• Asymptomatic
• generalized lymphadenopathy
Performance scale1: asymptomatic, normal activity

Clinical Stage II
• weight loss less than 10% of the body weight

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 • minor mucocutaneou manifestations ( seborrhoea dermatitis, prorogue, fungal nail infections, recurrent oral
ulcerations, angular civilities)
• herpes zoster within the last 5 years
• recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (e.g.. bacteria sinusitis)
And/or Performance scale 2: asymptomatic normal activity
Clinical stage III
• weight loss of more than 10% of body weight
• Unexpected chronic diarrhea lasting for more than 1 month.
• Unexpected prolonged fever (intermittent or constant) lasting for more than 1 month
• oral candidiasis (thrush)
• pulmonary tuberculosis
• severe bacterial infection ( pneumonia, pyomyositis)
And/or Performance 3: bedridden more than 50% of the day during the past month
Clinical stage IV
• wasting syndrome
• pneumocystis carinas pneumonia
• toxoplasmosis of the brain
• cryptosporidiosis with diarrhea lasting more than 1 month
• Cryptococcus’s, extra pulmonary
• cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease of an organ other than liver, spleen or lymph node (e.g.. retinitis)
• herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, mucocutaneous (lasting for more than 1 month) or visceral
• progressive multifocalleukoencephapathy (PML)
• any disseminated endemic mycosis
• candidiasis of the esophagus, trachea broch
• non-typhoid salmonella septicaemia
• intrapulmonary tuberculosis
• lymphoma
• Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS)
• HIV encephalopathy
And/or Performance scale 4: bedridden more than 50% of the day during the last moth

C. Readings
1) Birth control is not permission to be sexually promiscuous. (1 Corinthians 7:2) is clear: sex before marriage is
wrong, even if there is a lessened chance that sex will lead to a child. Hormonal birth control may cause abortions.
Birth control that relies on hormones discourages the implantation of a fertilized egg into the uterus.
Natural family planning isn't as effective as other methods of birth control. According to the CDC, the failure rate is
24%. That means about 1 in 4 people who use natural family planning will get...
We know that the way to decrease unplanned pregnancies and abortions is to make birth control and family planning
services accessible and affordable, not micromanage the type of medical information and reproductive health
counselling that women around the world receive.
2) Question: "What does the Bible say about AIDS / HIV? Is AIDS / HIV a judgment from God?"
Answer: Fundamentally, all disease is a judgment from God. Adam and Eve did not know corruption of any kind
before the fall. When God pronounced judgment on Adam, death entered the world (Genesis 3:19; Romans 5:12). All
sickness, from the common cold to cancer, is part of the curse, and we who live in a cursed world are subject to
decay. So, yes, AIDS / HIV and other STDs (along with all other diseases) are part of God’s judgment in a cursed
world.
How is HIV spread?
The spread of HIV from person to person is called HIV transmission. HIV is spread only in certain body fluids from
a person who has HIV. These body fluids include:

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 • Blood
• Semen
• Pre-seminal fluid
• Vaginal fluids
• Rectal fluids
• Breast milk
HIV transmission is only possible through contact with HIV-infected body fluids. In the United States, HIV is spread
mainly by:
• Having anal or vaginal sex with someone who has HIV without using a condom or taking medicines to
prevent or treat HIV
• Sharing injection drug equipment (works), such as needles, with someone who has HIV
D. Comparing family planning methods
Most effective and easiest way Very effective nut must be Effective but must be carefully
carefully used used

Female sterilization Breast feeding method Male and female condom

vasectomy pills Fertility awareness method

IUD injectable

implants IMPORTANT: Only condoms protect against both STD or HIV/ AIDS

PART II. Activity 1: “What’s the Word?”

Direction: Search for the words provided below in the word search puzzle. When you find a word, circle it, and then
check it off the list. Search words are set vertically, horizontally, diagonally, o backwards.
A.
H Q J K K R Y D O B I T N A
I T R A N S M I T T E D N D
V I R U S Y H N M Z X T C D
R E W J T E N U M M I H J A
H J K L N Z X C B G D F G S
J D S A W E R T E J K L I D
D I S E A S E N T Y I O E I
K L C I T A M O T P M Y S A

Asymptomatic Disease

AIDS Antigen

HIV Antibody

Infect Transmitted

Virus Immune

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B.
F A M I L Y P L A N N I N G
S L L I P W I T H D R A W A
O S D G J M D N M B C V Z X
O M L K O G U I N J E C T S
P I E D J H I M P L A N T S
Y U N V A S E C T O M Y F D
R O B I R T H C O N T R O L
C Q W A S D F Y M O T A N A

Condom Implants

Pills Family Planning

Vasectomy Birth Control

Inject IUD

Withdraw Anatomy

Activity 2: I DRAW, WHAT I KNOW!

Directions: draw5 kinds of contraceptives and write how to use it.

Rubrics for the drawing

Unsatisfactory Needs Improvement Satisfactory Outstanding
1 2 3 5
- Major points are - Major points are - Major points are - Major points are stated
Development
Content &

not clear. addressed, but not well stated. clearly and are well
-Specific examples supported. - Content is clear. supported..
are not used. -Specific examples do -Specific examples - Content is clear.
not support the topic. are used. -Specific examples are used.

- no drawing and - draw without - draw with slight - good drawing and good
understan
Draw and

no topic understand in topic understanding the understanding the topic.

ding

topic

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Activity 3: FILL ME IN!
Directions: Complete the following.
1. A ______ with hormones in it that is taken every day.
2. Prevents release of egg. ________
3. A thin rubber covering that fits over the erect penis. _________
4. A hormone from the tubes blocks sperm from reaching egg and prevents release of egg. __________
5. Prevents sperm from meeting the egg. _________

Activity 4: PICTURE ANALYSIS

Directions: Analyse and identify the picture.

Photos take from: http://www.who.int/hiv/en

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Activity 1 A: keys to correction:
H Q J K K R Y D O B I T N A
I T R A N S M I T T E D N D
V I R U S Y H N M Z X T C D
R E W J T E N U M M I H J A
H J K L N Z X C B G D F G S
I N F E C T S T E J K L I D
D I S E A S E N T Y I O E I
K L C I T A M O T P M Y S A

Activity 1 B. keys to correction:

F A M I L Y P L A N N I N G
S L L I P W I T H D R A W A
O S D G J M D N M B C V Z X
O M L K O G U I N J E C T S
P I E D J H I M P L A N T S
Y U N V A S E C T O M Y F D
R O B I R T H C O N T R O L
C Q W A S D F Y M O T A N A

Activity 2: Key to Correction: Answers of learners may vary. They will be rated using the rubric provided.

Activity 3: keys to correction:

1. PILLS
2. INJECTION
3. MALE CONDOM
4. IMPLANTS
5. IUD

Activity: 4 Keys to Correction:

1. A thin rubber covering that fits over the erect penis.
Is a barrier that keeps sperm out of the vagina.

2. Specially trained provider makes one or two small cuts to reach the tubes that carry eggs to the womb.
Cuts or blocks the tubes. The womb is not removed.

3. Plastic covering inserted into the vagina before sex.

Is a barrier that keeps sperm out of the vagina

4. Specially trained provider makes two small cuts to reach the tubes that carry sperm.
Cut tubes. Testicles are not removed.

5. A pathogen having the ability to replicate only inside a living cell

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PART III. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
PART I: MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Safe and permanent method – for women or couples who will not want more children
a. Female sterilization
b. Pills
c. IUD
d. Implants
2. Specially trained provider makes two small cuts to reach the tubes that carry sperm.
a. Condom b. Withdrawal
c. Family planning d. Vasectomy
3. _____________ in a way that prevents pregnancy
a. IUD
b. Family planning
c. Breast feeding
d. Vasectomy
4. Learning which days each month you could get pregnant (fertile days).
a. Breastfeeding method (lactation Amenorrhea Method)
b. Standard Days Method: Using calendar or Cycle Beads
c. Withdrawal
d. Emergency contraceptive pills
5. Cuts tubes. Testicles are not removed. Works by keeping sperm out of semen.
a. IUD
b. Family planning
c. Breast feeding
d. Vasectomy
6. ________ is a substance recognized as foreign by the immune system. Antigens can be part of an organism
or virus, e.g., envelope, core and triggers antibody production.
a. Antigen c. AIDS
b. Antibody d. HIV
7. ________ is a protein (immunoglobulin) made by the body’s immune system to recognize and attack foreign
substances
a. Antigen c. AIDS
b. Antibody d. HIV
8. ______________ leads to a weakened immune system.
a. AIDS infection c. AIDS virus
b. HIV infection d. HIV virus
9. ____________ is types of white blood cells called lymphocytes that provide protection against infection. B
cells are responsible for producing antibodies.
a. T cell c. Cell
b. B cell d. T & B cell
10. WHO staging system for HIV infection and disease in adults Clinical Stage I
a. Asymptomatic & generalized lymphadenopathy only
b. weight loss of less than 10% of the body weight minor mucocutaneou manifestations
c. herpes zoster within the last 5 years
d. recurrent upper respiratory tract infections

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PART II: MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write “T” if the statement is correct, if false underline the word and write the correct word to make the
statement correct.

______________1. Breastfeeding method prevents pregnancy effectively for up to 8 months if used correctly, and
provides baby with best food.
______________2. Pills taken after protected sex to prevent pregnancy.
______________3. Vasectomy: ideally 3 months before due date, as it takes 3 months to be effective.
______________4. Minipills, injections, implants: 6 weeks after childbirth if breastfeeding. Immediately after
childbirth if not breastfeeding.
______________5. Male sterilization: just after childbirth or wait 6 weeks after childbirth.
PART III: SLOGAN
Directions: Make the most creative slogan you understand in this topic, about family planning & birth control,
HIV & AIDS.

Rubric for Scoring

Indicators/ Description Points
Standards
Concept / Clarity The concept is clear and easily to understand. 50
Originality/ creativity Design is unique, and displays elements that are totally their own idea 25
and imagination.
Neatness Drawing is complete and exceptionally neat. 15
Over-all Impact 10
Total 100

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E-mail: [email protected] http://www.who.int/hiv/en
Geneva 27, Switzerland
World Health Organization Department of HIV/AIDS & Family Planning / Birth Control 20, Avenue Appia, CH-1211
X. REFERENCES:
Assessment
Part I. Multiple Choice Part II. Modified True or False
1. A 1. F – 6 MONTHS
2. D 2. F - UNPROTECTED
3. C 3. T
4. B 4. T
5. D 5. F – FEMALE
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. D
10. D
Part III. Slogan
Answer of the students may vary. Teacher in charge will be the one to understand and check the answer.
IX. Key to Corrections: