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SFS-03

The document discusses the processes of heat transfer in the atmosphere, focusing on radiation, conduction, convection, and advection. Radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves without requiring contact, while conduction involves direct contact between molecules. Convection transfers heat through the movement of liquids or gases, and advection refers to the horizontal movement of air masses carrying heat.

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Muhammad Sanjidul Islam Tangil
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2 views21 pages

SFS-03

The document discusses the processes of heat transfer in the atmosphere, focusing on radiation, conduction, convection, and advection. Radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves without requiring contact, while conduction involves direct contact between molecules. Convection transfers heat through the movement of liquids or gases, and advection refers to the horizontal movement of air masses carrying heat.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Sanjidul Islam Tangil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Processes in Heating and Cooling

the Atmosphere

Shamima Ferdousi Sifa


Heat Transfer process
Heat energy is transferred through the
atmosphere by the following process:

1) Radiation
2) Conduction
3) Convection
Radiation
Radiation allows heat to be transferred through wave
energy. These waves are called Electromagnetic
Waves, because the energy travels in a combination of
electric and magnetic waves.

http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~aalopez/aos101/wk5.html
Radiation
Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not
rely upon any contact between the heat source
and the heated object as is the case with
conduction and convection. Heat can be
transmitted though empty space by thermal
radiation often called infrared radiation. This is a
type electromagnetic radiation .
No mass is exchanged and no medium is required in
the process of radiation. Examples of radiation is
the heat from the sun, or heat released from the
filament of a light bulb.
Radiation
Emitted radiation can be

o Absorbed
o Reflected
o Scattered
o Transmitted
Radiation
Absorption
Absorption increase the internal energy of the gas
molecules

A good radiator is a good absorber and a poor radiator is a


poor absorber

Dark colored surface are much more efficient absorbers in


the visible portion of the spectrum than light colored
surface
Radiation
Reflection
Reflection can be considered as the ability of
an object to repel waves without altering
either the object or the waves.

Hence an object that is a good absorber is likely


to be a poor reflector, and vice versa.
Radiation
Scattering
Tiny particles and
gas molecules in
the air sometimes
deflect light waves
and redirect them.
This process in
known as
scattering
Transmission
Transmission is the ability of a medium to allow
rays to pass through it.

Radiation not absorbed, reflected, or scattered


by a gas, the radiation passes through the gas
unchanged.
Conduction
The movement of energy from one molecule to
another without changes in their relative
positions is called conduction.

When two molecules of unequal temperature


are in contact with one another, heat passes
from the warmer to the cooler until they both
attain the same temperature or until the source
of heat is shut off
Conduction
The ability of different
substances to conduct heat
is quite variable. Metal is
excellent conductor.

Conduction also depends


on the state of the matter
(solid, liquid or gas) of the
substances.
Conduction
Earth materials are not good
conductor. Heat of the
warm ground surface
conducted downward very
slowly

Air is poor conductor. Only the


layer immediate contact
with ground is heated by
conduction.

Moist air is slightly more


efficient conductor than dry
air
Convection
Convection is a process
whereby heat is
transferred from one
point to another by
bodily movement of a
liquid or a gas. It
involves actual
displacement of
molecules.

http://www.geo.arizona.edu/xtal/nats101/s04-08.html
Convection
Unequal heating may cause surface air to become warmer at
one place than the surrounding air. Warm air expand in
volume and move upward, cooler surrounding air then
movies in towards the heat source .

In certain height the upward moving warm air start of sink


resulting in a complete convective system.

Convection is common in each hemisphere during the


summer and through out the year in the tropics
Convection

Vertical movement of
air through Updrafts
and down drafts
spread the heat from
the lowest portion of
the troposphere to
the considerable
heights of
atmosphere.
http://www.cmmap.org/learn/clouds/cloudCloud1.html
Convection
Convection is not the only causes of vertical air
movement , they can also be initiated by mechanical
turbulence and other forms of irregular air motions.

Diurnal heating and convection play a important role in


the weather and climate of Singapore. An average of
171 thunderstorm days (days when thunder is heard)
are recorded annually in Singapore. The preferred
time of the day for thunderstorm to occur (see figure
2) is between 2 pm and 6 pm in the afternoon for all
months of the year
http://www.weather.gov.sg/wip/web/home/lightning
Advection
Heat is transferred laterally in the atmosphere
by horizontal wind movements in a process
called advection. Warmth and coolness is thus
shifted from one place to another as masses of
air moved horizontally.

Advection is very similar to Convection,


however, it is in the horizontal and not
vertical.
Advection
Process of Heat Transfer
Thanks

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