Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

Hydraulic Laboratory exercise

1. Single Acting Cylinder

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

2. Double Acting cylinder

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

3. Double Pump

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

4. Counter Balance

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

5. Regenerative

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

6. Sequence

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

7. Reciprocation (A+A-)

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

8. Synchronization in parallel

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

9. Synchronization in Series

10. Speed control of a hydraulic cylinde

Speed control of a hydraulic cylinder is accomplished using a flow control valve. A flow
control valve regulate the speed of the cylinder by controlling the flow rate to and of the
actuator. There are 3 types of speed control:
I. Meter- in circuit ( Primary control )

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

In this type of speed control, the flow control valve is placed between the pump and the actuator.
Thereby, it controls the amount of fluid going into the actuator. When the directional control
valve is actuated to the 1st position, oil flows through the flow control valve to extend the
cylinder. The extending speed of the cylinder depends on the setting (percent of full opening
position) of the flow control valve.
During the extension stroke, if the flow control valve is fully open, all the flow from the pump
goes to the cylinder to produce maximum cylinder speed. As the flow control valve is partially
closed its pressure drop increases. This causes an increase in pressure p1. Continued closing of
the flow control valve ultimately results in pressure p1 reaching and exceeding the cracking
pressure of the pressure relief valve (PRV).
The result is a slower cylinder speed since part of the pump flow goes back to the oil tank
through the PRV setting and the amount of pump flow that is not desired by the cylinder flows
through the PRV.
When the directional control valve is actuated to the 2nd position, the cylinder retracts as oil
flows from the cylinder to the oil tank through the check valve as well as the flow control valve.
II. Meter-out circuit ( Secondary control )
In this type of speed control, the flow control valve is placed between the actuator and the tank .
Thereby, it controls the amount of fluid going out of the actuator.
Meter-in systems are used primarily when the external load opposes the direction of motion of
the hydraulic cylinder. An example of the opposite situation is the case of a weight pulling
downward on the piston rod of a vertical cylinder. In this case the weight would suddenly drop
by pulling the piston rod down if a meter-in system is used even if the flow control valve is
completely closed. Thus, the meter-out system is generally preferred over the meter-in type.
One drawback of a meter-out system is the possibility of excessive pressure buildup in the rod
end of the cylinder while it is extending.
III. Bleed - off circuit ( By pass control )
In this type of speed control, the flow control valve is placed between the pressure line and
return line . Thereby, it controls the fluid by bleeding off the excess not needed by the working
cylinder.
This type of flow control is much more efficient than the inlet restricting type for meter-in,
because the bypass feature allows fluid to be exhausted to the tank at just slightly higher pressure

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

than that necessary to do the work. With the meter-in type, pump delivery not used would
discharge over the main relief valve at maximum pressure.

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

Pneumatic Laboratory exercise

11. ON-signal delay and Off-signal delay

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

12. Controlling Single acting cylinder

13. Controlling double acting cylinder

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

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 Wachemo University

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electromechanical Engineering

Industrial Process Control Worksheet one

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