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Activity 2

The document outlines an experiment to measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), and current (AC) using a multimeter, detailing the necessary apparatus, theory, procedure, observations, results, precautions, and potential sources of error. It describes the setup and operation of both analog and digital multimeters for various measurements, including the cleaning of connections and proper probe placement. The results indicate that the measurements obtained closely match the expected values, emphasizing the importance of neat and secure connections.

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Vedika Dalmia
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20 views

Activity 2

The document outlines an experiment to measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), and current (AC) using a multimeter, detailing the necessary apparatus, theory, procedure, observations, results, precautions, and potential sources of error. It describes the setup and operation of both analog and digital multimeters for various measurements, including the cleaning of connections and proper probe placement. The results indicate that the measurements obtained closely match the expected values, emphasizing the importance of neat and secure connections.

Uploaded by

Vedika Dalmia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACTIVITY NO.

2
AIM: To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given
circuit using multimeter.

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED:


 A multimeter  A rheostat
 Test leads  Resistance box
 Cell  Connecting wires
 A step down transformer of 6V  One way key
output voltage  Sand paper

THEORY:
A multimeter is an electronic instrument that can measure current ,voltage and resistance.
Hence it is an instrument that can work as an ammeter ,voltmeter and ohmmeter.
Sometimes it is also referred to as AVO (ampere, volt and ohm) meter.
There are two types of multimeter: Analog and digital.

PROCEDURE:
Setting up the Analog Multimeter:
1. In order to remove any insulating coating on the wire, which hinders connectivity
clean the ends of the connecting wires with the help of sand paper till they shine.
2. Check that the metallic ends of the multimeter test leads are not having any rust or
any insulating layer deposited on them.
3. For measurement of resistance set the multimeter in resistance measuring mode.
4. Connect the red and black probes to the multimeter.
5. Touch the free ends of both the leads and adjust the zero adjustment knob to read
zero ohm on the resistance scale (extreme right).

Measurement of Resistance :

1. Separate the two metallic ends of the test probes and connect the resistance box
with the multimeter.
2. Introduce some resistance R in the circuit from the resistance box.
3. Read multimeter reading RM which shows value of resistance of the resistor used in
the circuit.
4. Repeat this step taking different resistors and note down the observations.
5. Carefully observe the reading in the non-linear scale noting that its zero lies at the
extreme right of the scale.
6. Use the multiplication factor appropriately to the range selected.
For example: 2 divisions of deflection in R × 100 scale means resistance measured is
2 × 100 Ω = 200 Ω.

Measurement of D.C. Voltage:

1. Take a source of D.C. supply.


2. Connect the multimeter in the circuit .
3. Set the multimeter to measure the DC voltage.
4. Select a suitable range.
5. As per convention use red probe for positive and black probe for negative polarity.
6. Ensure that the test probes are inserted in sockets with proper polarity.
7. Connect the positive terminal of the multimeter to the positive terminal of the cell
and negative terminal to negative terminal of the cell, through a plug key K.
8. To measure emf of the cell ,without removing any key from resistance box, Insert the
key in the plug K of the circuit and read the multimeter reading. Then open the key K.
9. Now insert a resistance R of known value from the resistance box in the circuit.
10. Insert the key in the plug K.
11. Read the multimeter reading for measuring the potential difference across the two
ends of the resistor.
12. Take more observations by changing the value of resistances.
13. Record your observations in Table.

Measurement of A.C. Voltage:

1. Connect an AC step down transformer of 6 V output voltage, a rheostat XY as


voltage divider, resistance box RB, a plug key K, and the multimeter as shown
in Fig.

2. Set the multimeter In AC voltage measuring mode of the range 0 to 10 V.


3. Bring the variable connector Z of the rheostat close to point X to ensure the
resistance of rheostat coil becomes minimum.
4. Close the key in the plug K .
5. Record the multimeter reading in table ..
6. Repeat the observations for atleast four positions of the variable connection (Z) of
the rheostat on coil XY.

Measurement of D.C. Current :


1. Set the multimeter on D.C Current mode.
2. Set the range taking into consideration the values of emf and resistors used.
3. Insert the probes of the multimeter in series with the cell .
4. Note down the reading from multimeter.
5. Now, introduce a resistance (R) from the resistance box in the circuit .
6. Close the key in plug K and read multimeter reading.
7. Repeat it for four more values of resistance (R) in the circuit.
8. Record the observations in table.
Setting up the Digital Multimeter:
Procedure for measuring voltage, current and resistances is very similar to that of the
analog measurement.
The notable point is that digital multimeter display the number as and when the magnitude
of the measured quantity crosses the upper limit of the range used.

OBSERVATIONS:
Measuring Resistance

1. Range of resistance on multimeter = _0 to__ ohm.


2. Least count of resistance scale = Ω

Observation Table for Measuring Resistance:

Measuring D.C. Voltage

1. Range of D.C. voltage on multimeter = _0 to__ V.


2. Least count of voltage scale = V

Observation Table for Measuring D.C. Voltage :

Measuring A.C. Voltage


1. Range of A.C. voltage on multimeter = _0 to__ V.
2. Least count of voltage scale = V

Observation Table for Measuring A.C. Voltage :


Measuring D.C. Current
1. Range of D.C. current on multimeter = _0 to__ mA.
2. Least count of current scale = mA

Observation Table for Measuring D.C. Current :

RESULTS:
1. The AC/DC voltage, DC current and resistance have been measured using a
multimeter.
2. The values of resistance measured by the multimeter is nearly the same as the
decoded values of resistors.
3. The value of AC/DC voltage is same as that of AC/DC source.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. The connections should be neat, clean & tight .
2. Select appropriate function switch and range switch for the given measurements.

SOURCES OF ERROR:
1. The connections may be loose.
2. Plugs may not be clean.

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