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block circuit

The document outlines the design of a micro inverter circuit that converts DC input from a solar panel into AC output using various components including a boost converter, H-bridge inverter, transformer, and filters. It provides detailed specifications for each component, Arduino code for generating PWM signals, and testing procedures to verify output performance. Additionally, it highlights safety precautions and suggestions for future enhancements like feedback mechanisms and MPPT implementation.

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lucymuhia64
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17 views3 pages

block circuit

The document outlines the design of a micro inverter circuit that converts DC input from a solar panel into AC output using various components including a boost converter, H-bridge inverter, transformer, and filters. It provides detailed specifications for each component, Arduino code for generating PWM signals, and testing procedures to verify output performance. Additionally, it highlights safety precautions and suggestions for future enhancements like feedback mechanisms and MPPT implementation.

Uploaded by

lucymuhia64
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Circuit Diagram

Components in the Circuit

1. DC Input (12V–24V): Input from a solar panel or DC power source.


2. Boost Converter: Steps up the input voltage to a stable DC level (e.g., 48V).
3. H-Bridge Inverter Circuit: Converts DC to low-voltage AC using MOSFET switches.
4. Step-Up Transformer: Converts low-voltage AC to 230V AC.
5. Filters: LC filter to smoothen the output waveform.
6. Microcontroller: Generates sinusoidal PWM signals to drive the MOSFETs.

Below is the simplified block diagram of the micro inverter circuit:

css
CopyEdit
DC Input → Boost Converter → H-Bridge Inverter → Transformer → LC Filter →
Output AC

Detailed Circuit Design

Boost Converter Circuit

 Components: Inductor, diode, capacitor, and MOSFET (e.g., IRF540).


 The MOSFET is switched using a PWM signal to boost the DC voltage.
 Output voltage is regulated using a feedback loop, but for simplicity, you can use a fixed
PWM duty cycle.

H-Bridge Inverter

 Use 4 MOSFETs (e.g., IRF540 or IRF840) in an H-bridge configuration.


 Two diagonal MOSFETs are turned on/off alternately to create AC pulses.
 Driven by sinusoidal PWM generated by the microcontroller.

Step-Up Transformer

 Use a center-tapped transformer (e.g., 12V to 230V) to step up the low-voltage AC.

LC Filter

 Use an inductor and capacitor to smooth the output AC waveform.


o Inductor: ~1mH
o Capacitor: ~10µF

2. Arduino Code for PWM Generation


The following Arduino code generates sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) signals to drive the H-bridge.
It uses a pre-calculated sine wave table to modulate the PWM duty cycle.

cpp
CopyEdit
const int pwmPin1 = 9; // PWM output for MOSFET pair 1
const int pwmPin2 = 10; // PWM output for MOSFET pair 2

// Pre-calculated sine wave table (values from 0 to 255)


int sineTable[50] = {
128, 144, 160, 176, 191, 206, 220, 233, 245, 255,
255, 245, 233, 220, 206, 191, 176, 160, 144, 128,
112, 96, 80, 64, 49, 34, 20, 7, 0, 0,
7, 20, 34, 49, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144,
160, 176, 191, 206, 220, 233, 245, 255, 255, 245
};

void setup() {
pinMode(pwmPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(pwmPin2, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
// Generate SPWM signals using the sineTable
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
analogWrite(pwmPin1, sineTable[i]); // Positive half-cycle
analogWrite(pwmPin2, 255 - sineTable[i]); // Negative half-cycle
delayMicroseconds(200); // Adjust for 50Hz frequency
}
}

3. Component Values and Calculations

Boost Converter

1. Inductor (L): 100–200 µH.


2. Capacitor (C): 220 µF to stabilize the DC output.
3. Diode: Fast recovery diode (e.g., 1N5408).
4. MOSFET: IRF540N (with heat sink).

H-Bridge

1. MOSFETs: IRF540 or IRF840 (rated for at least 10A current).


2. Driver Circuit: Use IR2110 to drive the MOSFETs.

Transformer

 Center-tapped transformer (e.g., 12-0-12V to 230V). Ensure sufficient power rating


(150W–300W).
Filter

1. Inductor: ~1mH.
2. Capacitor: ~10µF.

4. Testing and Output

1. Input Voltage: Apply 12V–24V DC to the input.


2. Output Waveform: Verify the output using an oscilloscope.
3. Frequency: Adjust the delay in the code to achieve 50Hz AC output.
4. Load Testing: Connect a low-power appliance (e.g., LED bulb) and measure
performance.

Additional Notes

1. Safety First:
o Use proper insulation and enclosures to avoid electrical hazards.
o Include a fuse on the DC input to protect the circuit.
2. Future Enhancements:
o Add a feedback mechanism to regulate output voltage.
o Implement MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) to optimize solar panel
efficiency.

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