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Algebra Tute Sheet 7

The document contains a tutorial sheet for a course on algebra, specifically focusing on various properties and examples of rings. It includes problems related to commutativity, ideals, and specific ring structures, as well as proofs and counterexamples. The exercises aim to deepen understanding of ring theory and its applications.

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AshishYadav
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10 views1 page

Algebra Tute Sheet 7

The document contains a tutorial sheet for a course on algebra, specifically focusing on various properties and examples of rings. It includes problems related to commutativity, ideals, and specific ring structures, as well as proofs and counterexamples. The exercises aim to deepen understanding of ring theory and its applications.

Uploaded by

AshishYadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAL 501: ALGEBRA

TUTORIAL SHEET
1. If R is a system satisfying all the conditions for a ring with unit element
with the possible exception of a + b = b + a, prove that the axiom a + b =
b + a must hold in R and that R is thus a ring.
2. Give an example of a non-commutative ring R without unity such that
(xy)2 = x2 y 2 for all x, y ∈ R.
3. If R is a ring with unity satisfying (xy)2 = x2 y 2 for all x, y ∈ R, prove
that R is commutative.
4. If {R, +, ∗} be a ring with unit element, show that {R, ⊕, ⊗} is a ring with
unit element, where a ⊕ b = a + b + 1 and a ⊗ b = a ∗ b + a + b for a, b ∈ R.
5. Let R be a ring such that the equation ax = b has a solution for all
a 6= 0 ∈ R and for all b ∈ R. Show that R is a division ring.
6. Give an example of each of the following with justification:
(a) Ring which is not commutative but has a subring which is commu-
tative.
(b) Ring which has no unity but has a subring which has unity.
7. Prove or disprove that subring of a non-commutative ring is non-commutative.
8. Let R be a ring such that for each a ∈ R there exists x ∈ R such that
a2 x = a. Prove the following:
(a) R has no non-zero nilpotent elements.
(b) axa − a is nilpotent and so axa = a.
(c) ax and xa are idempotents.
9. If U is an ideal of R, then prove that [R : U ] = {x ∈ R : rx ∈ U for every r ∈
R} is an ideal of R and that it contains U.
10. Prove that Z(R), the center of a ring R, is only a subring of R and need
not be an ideal of R.
11. If A, B be two ideals of a ring R, then AB ⊆ A ∩ B. Give an example to
show that there exist ideals A and B such that AB 6= A ∩ B.
12. Let R be a commutative ring and let A be an ideal of R. Show that
√
A = {x ∈ R : xn ∈ A for some positive integer n}
is an ideal of R such that
√
(a) A ⊆ A
p√ √
(b) A= A
√
(c) If R has unity and A = R, then A = R.
13. Let R be a ring with unity. If R has no right ideals except R and {0},
then prove that R is a division ring.

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