CONTENTS

PRESENT
LESSON 01: BE PRESENT SIMPLE .................................................. (PAGE 02-04)
LESSON 02: PRESENT CONTINUOUS .............................................. (PAGE 05-06)
LESSON 03: PRESENT SIMPLE ....................................................... (PAGE 07-08)
PAST
LESSON 04: BE PAST SIMPLE ........................................................ (PAGE 09-10)
LESSON 05: PAST CONTINUOUS (PAST PROGRESSIVE) ................. (PAGE 11-12)
LESSON 06: PAST SIMPLE ............................................................. (PAGE 13)
PERFECT
LESSON 07: PRESENT PERFECT .................................................... (PAGE 14-15)
LESSON 08: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS .............................. (PAGE 16)
LESSON 09: PAST PERFECT .......................................................... (PAGE 17)
LESSON 10: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS .................................... (PAGE 18)
MODEL VERB
LESSON 11: WILL .......................................................................... (PAGE19)
LESSON 12: BE GOING TO ............................................................. (PAGE 20)
LESSON 13: WOULD ...................................................................... (PAGE 21)
LESSON 14: SHOULD .................................................................... (PAGE 22)
LESSON 15: MUST ........................................................................ (PAGE 23)
LESSON 16: CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT ............................................ (PAGE 24)

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 LESSON 01: BE PRESENT SIMPLE

I. Positive Form  To talk about people’s ages

– I am 18 years old.
S + Tobe + usage … – My sons are 3 years old.
 To talk about adjective
II. Usage − We are tired.
 To talk about what something is | Occupation: − She is beautiful.
– Dara is a teacher. − It is hot today.
– Dara is my son.
III. Negative Form
 To talk about Time:
– My party is on Monday. S + Tobe + not +…
– It is half past eight.
 To talk about Place: − He is not a teacher.
− It is not half past eight.
– He is at the house. − He is not at the house.
– My father is in the hospital.

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 LESSON 01: BE PRESENT SIMPLE

IV. Yes, No Question

Negative
Yes, S + Tobe
Tobe + S + …? I am not I’m not
No, S + Tobe not He/She/It is not He/She/It isn’t
− Is he a teacher? Yes, he is. You/We/They are not You/We/They aren’t
− Is it ten O’clock? No, it is not
− Is it hot today? No, it isn’t Examples:
Positive
V. Full-Form and Short Form – I’m 18 years old.
– They’re 3 years old.
Full form Short form − He’s tired.
Positive − My mother’s beautiful.
Negative
I am I’m
(S/U) He/She/It is
− I’m not 18 years old.
He/She/It’s
− They aren’t 3 years old.
(P) You/We/They are You/We/They’re
− He isn’t tired.

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 LESSON 01: BE PRESENT SIMPLE

VI. WH-QUESTION

WH + Tobe + S + ...?

− What is this?
− Who are they?
− Where are our daughters?
− How is it?
− Which one is good?
− Whose clothes are these?
− Why is he so tired?
− When are your exams?

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 LESSON 02: PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I. Positive Form III. Yes, No-Question Form

Yes, S + Tobe
S + Tobe + Ving+ … Tobe + S + Ving + …? No, S + Tobe not
Usage ‒ Are you playing a game? Yes, I am.
 to talk about things that are happening now: ‒ Is he working? No, he is not.
‒ He is drinking a cup of coffee.
IV. Yes, No-Question Form
‒ They are carrying their suitcase.
 to talk about things that are happening around now, WH + Tobe + S + Ving + …?
but not exactly at the moment we speak:
‒ What are they playing?
‒ Mike is building his own house.
‒ Who is she going to the market with?
‒ I am learning English.
‒ Where are you staying?
II. Negative Form ‒ When are they arriving?
S + Tobe not + Ving + … ‒ Which computer are you fixing?
‒ Whose book are you holding?
‒ I am not listening to you. ‒ How are Tom and John going home?
‒ They are not going to India. ‒ Why is she doing this? 5
 LESSON 02: PRESENT CONTINUOUS

V. Note VI. Short form

How to add “ing” to after a verb: Full form Short form
 add ing to most verbs:
Positive
‒ Walk Walking
I am I’m
 delete e and add ing to verbs that end with e:
(S/U) He/She/It is He/She/It’s
‒ Come Coming
 delete ie and add ying to verbs that end with ie:
(P) You/We/They are You/We/They’re
‒ Lie Lying
Negative
 double consonant to verbs that end with C-V-C: I am not I’m not
– Shop Shopping He/She/It is not He/She/It isn’t
– Run Running You/We/They are not You/We/They aren’t
 add ing to verbs that end with {y, w}:
– Stay Staying Examples:
– Snow Snowing ‒ She’s talking.
 add ing to verbs that last syllable is not stressed: ‒ They aren’t reading.
– Listen Listening ‒ I’m not dancing.
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– Visit Visiting
 LESSON 03: PRESENT SIMPLE

I. Positive Form II. Negative Form

S + V1+ Obj… S + do/does not + V1 + Obj…
Usage ‒ You do not work you work carefully enough.
 to talk about actions that happen regularly: ‒ She does not earn much money in her job.
‒ I always start work every Monday to Friday.
III. Yes, No-Question Form
‒ She catches the bus to school at 9 O’clock.
Yes, S + do/does
 to talk about actions that happen normally: Do/Does + S + V1 + Obj…? No, S + do/does not
‒ John sells cars.
‒ Do they use a computer? Yes, they do.
‒ They speak Chinese very fast.
‒ Does he want socks? No, he does not.
 Some verbs are used in the present simple but
aren’t used in the present continuous {love, like, IV. WH-Question Form
want, feel, know, understand, etc}
WH + do/does + S + V1 + Obj…?
‒ I love you so much.
‒ I like this one. ‒ What do they eat?
‒ I understand that film. ‒ When does he arrive at the class in the morning?
‒ Tom knows us. ‒ How much does it cost? 7
 LESSON 03: PRESENT SIMPLE

V. Note Examples:
If we use the subject {he/she/it/singular/uncountable noun} we must: ‒ She doesn’t like singing.
 add s to most verbs: ‒ We don’t speak French.
‒ Walk Walks
 add es to verbs that end with {sh, ch, ss, x, o}:
‒ Finish Finishes
 delete y and add ies to verbs that end with y:
‒ Cry Cries
‒ Play Plays
VI. Short Form

Full form Short form

Negative
(S/U) He/She/It does not He/She/It doesn’t
(P) I/You/We/They do not I/You/We/They don’t
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 LESSON 04: BE PAST SIMPLE

I. Positive Form  To talk about people’s ages

– I was 18 years old last year.
S + was/were + usage … – My sons were 3 years old 5 years ago.
 To talk about adjective
II. Usage − We were tired.
 To talk about what something is | Occupation: − She was beautiful.
– Dara was a teacher 2 years ago. − It was hot today.
– Black cats were mine.
III. Negative Form
 To talk about Time:
– My party was on Monday. S + was/were + not + usage …
– The exams were in May.
 To talk about Place: − He was not an actor.
− He was not at the house.
– He was at the house in the evening
yesterday.
– My father was in the hospital 3 days ago.
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 LESSON 04: BE PAST SIMPLE

IV. Yes, No Question VI. WH-QUESTION

Yes, S + was/were
Was/Were + S + usage…? WH + Tobe + S + ...?
No, S + was/were not

− Was he a teacher? Yes, he was. − What was that?

− Were Tom and Dina upset last − Who were they?
night? No, it was not. − Where were our daughters?
− How was it?
V. Full-Form and Short Form
− Which one was good?
− Whose clothes were these?
Negative
(S/U) He/She/It was not I/He/She/It wasn’t − Why was he so tired?
(P) You/We/They were not You/We/They weren’t − When were your exams?

Examples:
Negative
− I wasn’t 18 years old.
− They weren’t scared.
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 LESSON 05: PAST CONTINUOUS (PAST PROGRESSIVE)

I. Positive Form I taught English at 10 O’clock yesterday. (Past simple)

10 O’clock
S + was/were + Ving + …
Usage Start End
 to talk about things that are happening in the
past, often with time expressions:
– I was teaching English at 10 O’clock yesterday.

10 O’clock

Start End
– It was raining afternoon.
– Last night, I was driving home from work.
– I tried to explain my problem to her, but she was
listening to music.
– In 2000, I was living in Japan.
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 LESSON 05: PAST CONTINUOUS (PAST PROGRESSIVE)

II. Negative Form ‒ Who was building the hut at noon?

‒ Where were you buying the compass at 8:30?
S + was/were not + V1 + …
‒ When were you playing the games?
− I was not driving too fast when the child walked ‒ Which marker were you throwing when you
into the road in front of me. saw me?
− I looked out of the window, and I saw that it ‒ Whose phone were they playing in January?
wasn’t raining anymore.
‒ How was you going to the market at 9
III. Yes, No-Question Form O’clock?
Yes, S + was/were ‒ Why were they playing on your phone on
Was/were + S + Ving + …? No, S + was/were not Friday?
‒ Were you going to the hall on Monday?
Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.
IV. Yes, No-Question Form

WH + was/were + S + Ving + …?
‒ What was she doing at midnight? 12
 LESSON 06: PAST SIMPLE

I. Positive Form III. Yes, No-Question Form

Yes, S + did
S + V2+ … Did + S + V1 + Obj…? No, S + did not
Usage ‒ Did you enjoy the concert last night? Yes, I did.
 to talk about things that happened in the past, ‒ Did he work on Monday? No, did not.
often with time expressions:
IV. WH-Question Form
– I played tennis at the club yesterday.
– They went to Spain two years ago. WH + did + S + V1 + Obj…?
– Sophea sent me a letter from France.
‒ What did they break?
– Jane asked me.
‒ Who did she build with?
II. Negative Form ‒ Where did you buy the T-shirts?
S + did not + V1 + … ‒ When did you come here?
‒ Which bike did you ride?
− He did not go swimming.
‒ Whose old table did you break?
− She did not buy a new table.
− I didn’t like vegetables. ‒ How did Sophea sleep?
− He didn’t go to school last Tuesday. ‒ Why did we show this product? 13
 LESSON 07: PRESENT PERFECT

I. Positive Form II. Negative Form

S + have/has + V3+ … S + have/has not + V3 + …

Usage − I have not stayed in the hotel.

− She has not eaten four bananas.
 to talk about things that happened in the past
and continue to the present: III. Yes, No-question Form
– I have lived in Phnom Penh for 3 years. Yes, S + have/has
Have/Has + S + V3 + …? No, S + have/has not
– I have known them since 2001.
– She has stayed in the hospital this week. – Have you lived in Phnom Penh?
 to talk about the experiences or things that Yes, I was.
happened in the past: No, I was not.
– I have visited New York five times. IV. Yes, No-Question Form
– Messi has eaten pizza with Ronaldo.
– He has lost his passport. WH + have/has + S + V3 + …?
‒ Where has she bought the car?
‒ How much longer have you studied Chinese?
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 LESSON 07: PRESENT PERFECT

V. Short Form

Full form Short form

Positive
He/She/It has He/She/It’s
I/You/We/They have I/You/We/They’ve
Negative
He/She/It has not He/She/It hasn’t
I/You/We/They have not I/You/We/They haven’t

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 LESSON 08: PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I. Positive Form III. Yes, No-Question Form

S + have/has been + Ving + … Have/Has + S + been Ving + …?

Usage Yes, S + have/has been
 to talk about things that have happened in the No, S + have/has been not
past and continue until now: – Have they been playing football since morning?
– It has been raining for 3 hours. Yes, they have been.
– I have been looking for another job for 4 No, they have been not.
months.
IV. WH-Question Form
– They have been living in Phone Penh since
2000. WH + have/has + S + been Ving + …?
– She has been eating for 2 hours.
– Where have you been staying?
II. Negative Form
– Who have they been studying with?
S + have/has not been + Ving + … – How has she been going to school?
− I have been not learning Spanish for six months.
– Why has he been learning Spanish?
− She has been not watching TV since noon. 16
 LESSON 09: PAST PERFECT

I. Positive Form II. Negative Form

S + had + V3 + … S + had not + V3 + …

Usage – I had not eaten when I arrived at school.
 to talk about things that have happened – I had not heard the joke before, I laughed a lot.
before something else in the past:
– When I got home, I saw that the letter had arrived. III. Yes, No-Question Form
– She had done her homework before she was very happy. Yes, S + had
– I could not buy it because I had spent all my money. Had + S + V3 + …? No, S + had not
– She started cooking as soon as her brother had left. – By the time he bought the food, had you arrived?
– By the time he phoned her, she had found someone
Yes, I had.
new.
No, I had not.
The expression that it normally uses in “past IV. WH-Question Form
perfect”:
When After Before WH + had + S + V3 + …?
By the time as soon as
– What had you done before I came?
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 LESSON 10: PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I. Positive Form II. Negative Form

S + had + V3 + Obj… S + had not + Ving + Obj…

Usage – They had not been studying when I got to the classroom.
to talk about things that have happened before – When you called me, I had not been taking a bath.
something else in the past and have been
continuing until the past: III. Yes, No-Question Form
– They had been studying when I got to the Had + S + Ving + Obj…?
classroom.
– When you called me, I had been taking a bath. – Had you been taking a bath when you called me?
Yes, I had.
The expression that it normally uses in the No, I had not.
past perfect:
When After Before IV. WH-Question Form
By the time as soon as
WH + had + S + Ving + Obj…?
– What had you been doing when I called you?
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 LESSON 11: WILL

I. Positive Form III. Yes, No-Question Form

Yes, S + will.
S + will + V1 + … Will + S + V1 + …? No, S + will not.
Usage – Will you go to his party next Friday?
 to talk about things that are going to happen Yes, I will.
in the future: No, I will not.
– The next Olympic Games will be in London. IV. WH-Question Form
– I will give you a call at about 6 o’clock.
WH + will + S + V1 + …?
II. Negative Form
– Where will he go?
S + will not + V1… – What will they do?
– I will not exercise today. – Who will you see in New York?
– She will not quit her job. – What time will we play tennis?
– They will not send their son to art school. – When will the boxers fight again?
– Why will you tell your parents?
– How many times will you read that email?
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 LESSON 12: BE GOING TO

I. Positive Form III. Yes, No-Question Form

Yes, S + Tobe.
S + Be going to + V1 + … Be + S + going to + V1 + …? No, S + Tobe + not.
Usage – Are you going to come to the party?
 to talk about things that are going to happen Yes, I am.
in the future: No, I am not.
– Am going to finish my report tonight.
IV. WH-Question Form
– She is going to do some research this afternoon.
– He is going to listen to some live music tonight. WH + Be + S + going to + V1 + …?
II. Negative Form – When is she going to be there?
– Where is she going to go?
S + Be not going to + V1 + …
– How are you going to get to work?
– Jack is going to start a new business. – Why is he going to be late?
– We are going to be in Istanbul tomorrow. – How much are they going to pay for their
furniture?
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 LESSON 13: WOULD

I. Positive Form – This morning my girlfriend asked me “Would you

come to my home”
S + would + V1 + …
I answered to her “Yes, I would”.
Usage I answered to her “No, I would not”.
 to talk about actions that someone says will IV. WH-Question Form
do in the past:
– Last year she said she would be married to me. WH + would + S + V1 + …?
– “I would hit you”, he said.
– “What would you buy for me on my birthday?”
II. Negative Form She said.
S + would not + V1 + … – “Who would she choose me or him?” he said.
– Where would you like to go?
– Last year she said, “I would not be married to
me”.
II. Negative Form
Yes, S + would.
Would + S + V1 + …?
No, S + would + not. 21
 LESSON 14: SHOULD

1. Positive Form – Should I write your name in the space?

Yes, you should
S + should + V1…
No, you shouldn’t
We use should to give advice: 4. WH-Question Form
– She should do some work tonight.
– He should invite them for a meal. WH + should + S + V1 + …?
– You should look for a better job. ‒ What should I say to Helen?
– I should go home. ‒ Where should we meet?
2. Negative Form ‒ How should he play chess?
‒ When should we go out?
S + should not + V1…
– You shouldn’t sit in the sun all day.
– I shouldn’t spend so much money.
3. Yes, No Question Form
Yes, S + should
Should + S + V1…? No, S + should not
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 LESSON 15: MUST

I. Positive Form III. Yes, No question

Yes, S + must
S + must + V1… Must + S + V1…? No, S + must not
We use must to talk about something – Must I go home now?
necessary to do: I must.
– She must do her homework. I must not.
– He must take food into your room.
IV. WH-Question Form
– They must eat rice now.
– I must take a rest. WH + must + S + V1 + …?
– We must go home now. (advice)
‒ What must they eat?
– You must read this book. (advice)
‒ Who must I meet?
II. Negative Form ‒ Where must she go?
S + have not + V1… ‒ When must he do this homework?
‒ Why must we do exercise?
– She mustn’t smoke here.
– You mustn’t make this mistake again.
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 LESSON 16: CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT

1. Can / Could 2. May / Might

S + can / could + (not) + V1… S + may / might + (not) + V1…

We use Can / Could to talk about the ability: We use May / Might to talk about things that are
– I can swim. (present) possible:
– I could swim last year. (past) – She may leave soon.
– He can speak English. – She might leave soon.
– He could speak English when I was in school. – We may not go to work tomorrow.
– She can’t eat peppers. – We mightn’t go to work tomorrow.
– She couldn’t eat peppers when she was young. – They may have already eaten rice.
We use Can / Could to talk about the request: – They might have already eaten rice.
– Can I have a cup of tea?
– Could I have a cup of tea? (could more polite than can)
– Can we watch a movie?
– Could we watch a movie?
– Can you pass the milk, please?
– Could you pass the milk, please?
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