CHAPTER 7

EMERGENCY RESPONSE
PLAN (ERP)
 TOPICS

• Workplace Emergency
• Elements of ERP
• Development of ERP
• First line of Defence
• Layer of Protection Analysis
 DEFINITION OF WORKPLACE
EMERGENCY
An unexpected event that occurs and
endangers your employees, clients, or the
public; or risks disrupts or shuts down your
operations; or causes physical or
environmental damage.
MOST COMMON TYPES OF
EMERGENCIES AT WORKPLACE

• Natural Disaster
• Human related
• Hazardous substance.
NATURAL DISASTER
Some event could be predicted somehow the
occurrence could not be avoided.

Example:
• Earthquake
• Dust storm
• Floods
• Windstorm
• Extreme weather (too hot/too cold)
HUMAN RELATED

• Workplace violence
• Bomb threat
• Medical casualties
• Spread of contagious disease
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE

• Spillage of flammable/toxic compound

(liquid/gas).
• Explosion
• Fire
WHAT IS THE FIRST THING TO DO WHEN YOU
ARE IN ANY EMERGENCY SITUATION?

Think……
What should you do?

Fast response is required.

WHY ARE WE CONCERNED?

• Every employee could be faced with

an emergency at any time and
anywhere at the work area.

• Every employee needs to know how

to react and get help during an
emergency.
• Emergency escape procedures
• Critical equipment shutdown procedures
• Head count procedures
• Rescue and medical duties procedures
• Preferred means of reporting emergencies
• Names of employees responsible for the plan
• Frequency of drills
WHAT IS YOUR EMERGENCY
RESPONSE PROCEDURE?
USE THE LETTERS RCS TO REMEMBER THE PROCEDURE!

• Recognized the emergency situation

• Call for help
• Stay with the Victim(s) Until Help
Arrives if medical emergency.
Render only appropriate first aid
based on training
Below are the examples on the key questions which
could be helpful in developing the ERP.

• What is the quickest way out of the building?

• What types of alarms do you have in your work
area?
• Where is the gathering point for accounting for all
employees after an evacuation?
• Where are the nearest fire extinguishers?
In preparing an emergency plan, all relevant matters
need to be considered including:
• the nature of the work being carried out at the
workplace;
• the nature of the hazards at the workplace;
• the size and location of the workplace, for example,
remoteness, proximity to health services; and
• the number and composition of the workers, for
example, employees, contractors, and other persons at
the workplace such as visitors.
 DEVELOPMENT OF ERP
AT THE WORKPLACE

Emergency Action Plans required by a particular

OSHA standard shall be in writing and shall
cover those designated actions employers and
employees must take to ensure employee safety
from fire and other emergencies.
 Assess the
Review Review hazard availability Engagement
performance or threat and and coordinate
scenarios capabilities with public
objectives
identified of resources emergency
for the during the risk
program for incident services
assessment
stabilization

Develop
Facilitate hazard and Develop
Compliance to
exercises to Train threat- protective
the legal
specific actions for
practice your personnel requirement
emergency life safety
plan. procedures
 1. REVIEW PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES FOR THE
PROGRAM

• To identify what response plan (ERP) required at the work

area.
• To construct a specific ERP for a specific threat, in which
will be closely monitored and periodically reviewed for
continual improvement.
2.REVIEW HAZARD OR THREAT SCENARIOS
IDENTIFIED DURING THE RISK ASSESSMENT

• To explore all the possible types of hazard which

could occur in the workplace.
• To identify the potential event or activity which could
lead to the dangerous occurrence.
• To identify the person/workers/operators at risk.
• To engage the management and employees in
identifying the hazards.
 3. ASSESS THE AVAILABILITY AND CAPABILITIES
OF RESOURCES FOR INCIDENT STABILIZATION

• To establish a team which could lead the all the

employees in the event of emergency occurrence.
• To gather the information on the floor plan diagram
and establish a suitable exit route.
• To search for the current guidelines on the best
work practise which could be integrated into the
existing ERP.
4. ENGAGEMENT WITH PUBLIC EMERGENCY
SERVICES

• To integrate the requirement/practices (or any specific unit)

from the related emergency services into the organization’s ERP.
To ensure no overlapping/contradict procedure being imposed.
• The fire rescue service, police and emergency medical services to
determine their response time and capabilities to reach your
facility in emergency situation.
• To organize a periodic practice (such as fire drill) in preparing
to deal with emergency conditions.
5. COMPLIANCE TO THE LEGAL REQUIREMENT

• To identify if there is any regulations pertaining to

emergency planning at your facility which need to be
included in the ERP.
6. DEVELOP PROTECTIVE ACTIONS FOR LIFE
SAFETY

• Evacuation plan for each building/workstation.

• To identify the person responsible to perform the
head count.
• To establish a procedure on major equipment
shutdown.
• To identify and perform the necessary setting on the
alarm system to alert on the unsafe condition.
7. DEVELOP HAZARD AND THREAT-SPECIFIC EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES

• Difference emergency situation requires different response.

• Some of the steps could be applied to all conditions, however
some specific step could be in placed to cater the emergency
threat.
8. TRAIN PERSONNEL

• The main objective is to enable the personnel to fulfill

their roles and how to react in an emergency situation.
• It can be conducted at the initial employment and
periodic schedule (when necessary).
• Refresher training (normally 2 to 3 years time) is
required.
• Need to be conducted soonest when the
emergency action plan is changed or revised.
9. FACILITATE EXERCISES TO PRACTICE YOUR PLAN

• To implement the planned ERP by conducting the

periodic exercise.
• To give exposure to all the employees/workers on
the action required when emergency occurs.
• Any weakness detected could be continually
improved from time to time.
 FIRST LINE OF DEFENCE

The sequence of defense in the case of emergency are

as follows:

• The company/organization is responsible,

• The local fire and police departments,
• The local emergency response personnel.
What is the importance to have the First Line
of Defence being implemented at the
workplace?
LAYER OF PROTECTION ANALYSIS
HOW IT WORKS?
 PROCESS DESIGN AND BASIC CONTROL

• To consider all those safety aspects as early as in the design

stage.
• Safer design could be developed which could minimize the cost
for the safety device installation.
• However, on the existing operating plant, limitation may occur
for the modification.
CRITICAL ALARM AND OPERATOR RESPONSE

• To identify the equipment which requires alarm for detection of

the following condition; high temperature, high pressure and
other process abnormalities.
• The purpose of the alarm is to alert the operators/workers on
the dangerous occurrence.
• The operator could react to the condition and to follow the
procedure which have been stated in the ERP.
 AUTOMATIC ISS
(INSTRUMENTED SAFETY SYSTEM)

• A system designed to monitor dangerous conditions in a plant

(operation unit) and take action in the event of a dangerous
condition or a condition where if no action is taken it will cause
danger.
• This system will produce output that will prevent danger or
reduce the consequences.
• Example :
❖ Sensor
❖ Logic solver
❖ Final element
 PHYSICAL PROTECTION – RELIEF DEVICE

• A type of device (also known as interlock) that is used to prevent undesirable

conditions in machines, which may include mechanical or electronic systems
or devices.
• In almost all applications, it is utilized to aid in preventing machines from
causing harm to the machine itself or to the operators.
• Example:
Pressure relief valve
(remove excess pressure and prevent explosion)
 PLANT EMERGENCY RESPONSE

• To follow all the drafted ERP by the organization

which consists of specific procedures of difference
emergency occurrence.
 COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE

• To contact the rescue team, based on the emergency

occurred.
• If the effect of the accident has spread out from the
plant/location/workplace towards the community area,
instruction will be blast out to prevent further injuries.
• To follow all the instruction/guidance by the rescue
team personnel.
THE END