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u,v method

The document describes an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens using an optical bench and two pins. It outlines the theory, apparatus, and calculations involved, including the formula f = uv/(u+v) and the process of plotting graphs to find the mean focal length. The results indicate a focal length of 150 cm, confirmed by both calculations and graphical methods.

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sapnadharamu
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3 views

u,v method

The document describes an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens using an optical bench and two pins. It outlines the theory, apparatus, and calculations involved, including the formula f = uv/(u+v) and the process of plotting graphs to find the mean focal length. The results indicate a focal length of 150 cm, confirmed by both calculations and graphical methods.

Uploaded by

sapnadharamu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experimnt ,3

Object-To find the focal length ofa convex lens by plotting


1
graphs between u and v or between and
Apparatus required-Optical bench, vertical stands, convex
lens, and two pins.
Theory-If object O is placed between F and 2F in front of
the convex lens, then its real and inverted image I is formed on the
other side of the lens beyond 2F (Fig. 26). Similarly, if object is
placed beyond 2F from the lens, then its real and inverted image
is formed between F and 2F.

2F O F 2F

Fig. 26

Formula used-Focal length of a convex lens is


UV
f u+v
where u = distance of object pin from the lens,

and v= distance of image pin from the lens.


Observations-
Position Position Position Distance Distance Focal
of of lens of of object of image length
object image from firom lens
SNo pin (in cm) pin lens
x3 u= X3-X2 u+v
(in em) (in cm) *2-X1 (in cm) (in cm)
in cm)
1. 5-0 25-0 85-0 20-0 60-0 15-0
2. 5-0 30-0 67-5 25-0 37:5 15-0

3. 5-0 35-0 65-0 30-0 30-0 15-0


4. 5.0 40-0 66-2 35-0 26-2 15-0
5. 5-0 45-0 69-0 40-0 24-0 15-0
Mean focal length f 150 cm
Calculations and Graph From the above observation table,
foreach observation, calculate the value u ofand Write down
these values ofand i nthe following table:

S. No. u (in em) v (in cm) (in cml) (in cm-


1 20-0 60-0 0-050 0-017

2 25-0 37:5 0-040 0-027

3 30-0 30-0 0-033 0-033

A. 35-0 26-2 0-028 0-038

5. 40-0 24-2 0-025 0-042

Now plot a graph by taking on Y-axis and on X-axis


and draw a straight line as shown in Fig. 28. The length of the

intercept on X and Y-axis are OA and OB respectively which are

equalto.On knowing,fcan be calculated.


0-07

0-06

0-05

0-04

003

0-02

001

0-01 0 02 003 0-04 005 0-06 007


1/u (IN cm)

Fig. 28
From graph in Fig. 28,
Intercept OA = 0-66 cm f= OA 151 cm

Intercept OB = 067 cm f= OB = 149 cm

Hence mean focal length f = 150 cm.

Result Focal length of the given convex lens 150 cm


(by calculation).
Focal length of the given convex lens 15-0 cm (by graph).
=

Precautions-(1) The line joining the top of two pins and


optical centre of the lens should be parallel to the length of the
optical bench.
(2) The tip of the pins should be straight and thin.
(3) The parallax should be properly removed between the
image pin and the image of the object pin. For this, tip of the
image pin and the tip of the image of the object pin should touch
properly and while removing parallax, eye should be kept at some
distance away from the pin.

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