MTH 2103 - Calculus II - Formula Sheet

Trigonometric Identities
1 − cos 2θ
sin 2 θ = 1 + tan 2 θ =
sec 2 θ sin 2θ = 2sin θ cos θ
2
1 + cos 2θ
cos 2 θ = 1 + cot 2 θ =
csc 2 θ cos
= 2θ cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ
2

Differentiation Rules
d du d du d 1 du
dx
( tan
= u ) sec 2 u ⋅
dx dx
( csc u ) =
− csc u cot u ⋅
dx dx
( −1
tan= u)
1+ u 2
⋅
dx
d du d 1 du d −1 du
=
dx
( sec u ) sec u tan u ⋅
dx dx
( sin
= −1
u)
2
⋅
dx dx
( −1
cot= u)
1+ u 2
⋅
dx
1− u
d −1 du d 1 du
d
( cot u ) =
− csc 2 u ⋅
du
( cos
= −1
u) ⋅ =
dx
( sec −1 u ) ⋅
dx dx dx 1− u2 dx u u − 1 dx
2

d −1 du
=
dx
( csc −1 u ) ⋅
u u 2 − 1 dx

Integration Rules
Integration by parts :
∫ u dv= u v − ∫ v du ∫ csc u cot u du =
− csc u + c ∫ cot
= u du ln sin u + c

du 1 −1  u 
∫ sec ∫ sec u du= ∫ a 2 + u 2 a tan  a  + c
2
du tan u + c
u= ln sec u + tan u + c =

du u
∫ csc
2
− cot u + c
u du = ∫ csc u du =
− ln csc u + cot u +c ∫ = sin −1   + c
2
a −u 2
a

∫ tan u du =
− ln cos u +c
∫u =
du 1 u
sec −1 + c
∫ sec u tan u=
du sec u + c
= ln sec u + c u −a 2 2 a a

Polar and Cartesian Coordinates

y
x = r cos θ y = r sin θ 2
r= x2 + y 2 tan θ =
x

Volume of Revolution
Disk method (about 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎): Washers method (about 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎):

∫ π (  R ( x ) − [ r ( x)] ) dx
b b
2
V = ∫ π  f ( x )  dx
2 2
=V
a a

© ETS: MTH 2103 – Calculus II – Formula Sheet

Arc Length
b b b
 dy  2
∫ 1 +  f ' ( x ) dx ∫a 1 +  y ' ( x ) dx =
∫a 1 +  dx  dx
2 2
L= =
a

Areas of Surfaces of Revolution

b b b
 dy 
∫ 2π f ( x ) 1 +  f ' ( x ) dx =∫ 2π y 1 +  y ' ( x ) dx =∫ 2π y
2 2
S= 1 +   2 dx
a a a  dx 
(about x − axis )

Taylor Series
f '' ( a ) f ''' ( a )
) f (a) + f ' ( a )( x − a ) + ( x − a) + ( x − a ) + ...
2 3
f ( x=
2! 3!

McLaurin Series
f '' ( 0 ) 2 f ''' ( 0 ) 3
f ( x) =f (0) + f ' ( 0 ) x + x + x + ...
2! 3!

Some Standard Power Series

x2 x3
ex = 1 + x + + + ... ( for all x )
2! 3!
x3 x5 x7
sin x = x − + − + ... ( for all x )
3! 5! 7!
x2 x4 x6
cos x = 1 − + − + ... ( for all x )
2! 4! 6!
x2 x3 x4
ln (1 + x ) =x − + − + . . . ( −1 < x ≤ 1)
2 3 4
x3 x5 x7
tan −1 x = x − + − + ... ( −1 ≤ x ≤ 1)
3 5 7
n ( n − 1) 2 n ( n − 1)( n − 2 ) 3
(1 + x ) = 1 + n x + ( −1 < x < 1)
n
x + x + ...
2! 3!

Fourier Series
∞ ∞
a0 + ∑ an cos ( nx ) + ∑ bn sin ( nx )
f ( x) =
=n 1=n 1

f ( x ) = a0 + a1 cos ( x ) + a2 cos ( 2 x ) + a3 cos ( 3 x ) + ... + b1 sin ( x ) + b2 sin ( 2 x ) + b3 sin ( 3 x ) + ...

π π π
1 1 1
a0 = ∫ f ( x ) dx ; an ∫π f (=
x ) cos ( nx ) dx ; bn ∫π f ( x ) sin ( nx ) dx
2π −π π −
π −

© ETS: MTH 2103 – Calculus II – Formula Sheet