lternating

urrent Circuits

· TOPIC 01

TOPIC 02

TOPIC 03

rOPIC 1
ntroduction of Alternating Current
,iternating
II
Voltage and terminal to negative terminal. This is called a direct
•urrent current or DC .
I
.n alternating current or voltage is one whose.
Ior------
tagnitude changes ~ontinuously with time between
!ro and a maximum value and whose sense of flow
:verses periodically. 0
to
/hen a battery is connected a circuit, the c~r:ent
10ves steadily in only one direction, from positive Direct current
 . Current Circuits
,, 0t1n 9
1ier,,

factor and Peak Factor ..

offf' Of nns value of AC to its avera . Quantities
Measurement of Alternatang
1io c ge Value du · . ffect only, hence
ne f3 1e is defined as ionn factor. The ratio ring Alternating current shows heating e d heating effect
alfcY' lue is called peak factor. of peak value
ff11S va meters used for measuring AC are base ?n mmeter and
d i rm factor of sinusoidal wave is · hot wire a
and are called hot wire meters 1.e.
ce, io
eo rms value t I .fi. hot wire voltmeter.
R1 -----==-- 0 n
average value 2; In - 272 == 1.11 AC Measurement DC Measurement ·
0
All AC meters read rms value. All DC meters read average
ak factor of sinusoidal wave is value.
~t pe Peak value io All DC meters are based on
All AC meters are based on
RP rms value == t;" == .fi. == 1. 41 heating effect of current. magnetic effect of current __ _

.fi. Deflection in hot wire meters, Deflection in DC meters,

9 oc i;,,... Ord.

Mark Questions
S. The electric main in a house is marked 220 V-SO Hz.
1. Figure below sho~s emf e generated by an AC,. .. Write down the equation for the instantaneous voltage.
generator versus time. t. . · 1. The only variable in the equation should be t. ISC 2005
+
200 ---
2 Marks Questions
l
~
ol'-------"T'""---,...---+--~,., ,....
Q~ 6. An AC generator generate/, an emf, which is given by
- 200 ------------ e = 311 sin (240 1t t) V. Calculate ISC 2023
--+-t(sec)
(i) frequency of the emf
What is the frequency of emf? ISC 2022 (Sem-1), 1o
I (ii) rms value of the emf .
2. The graph below shows how emf e generated by an
7. An AC source of emf E =20~ sin rot is connected to a
AC generator varies with time t.
y resistor of 50 .n. Calculate ISC 2019

(i) average current (/av) and

(ii) root mean square (mis) value of emf.

{fi;;),w that J'"" - Ji , where I'"" is the root mean

Y'
~ are value of alternating current and / 0 is the peak
value. ISC 2006
Mean value of the emf for the whole cycle is ·:
, ISC 2022 Sem-1
(a)zero (b)(400/n)V 5 Marks Questions
(c)(200✓2)V (d) (200/ ✓2)V 9. A school organised an educational tour to two places.
3· An AC generator generates an emf£, where First one was to a thermal power station and
second one was to a factory manufacturing
t ==314sin(501tt) volt Calculate the frequency of the
emf £, . ISC 2017 The engineer at the power station explaine
students, how electric power is generated a
4 station and how it is transmitted to the city
· An AC genera~or generates an emf£ given by f the
t ==311 sin(100 1tt) volt. Then, find therms va1~:; manager at the factory took them around t
2009
elllf generated by the generator.
 rw ise !SC Solved Papers :

-
_. ~-------------------C h t
ape

1
aphs o and G2 shown below and
and explained
. . to them the importance
. of dry eel Is m
. ( iv) .Refer tothe
gr .
correct option. .

iL
our
dally hfe. _ · · ISC 2022 Sem-1
(i) Voltages generated by the ppwer station and the cho:~•• X
chy cell are · '·
(a) DC voltage and AC ~oh~ge'respectively
y, · . G1
t~ L
o t-+
G2
X
(b) AC voltage ~d DC voltagt.~~iv~~,y
(c) Both AC voltages ·rg.,r1!'.ri1 -.:" S
(a) Both represent AC voltage
(d) Neither AC voltages nor DC voltages
(b) Both represent DC voltage
(ii) AC voltage generated all over the world has a
(c) G1 represents AC voltage
frequency of about
(d) G1 represents DC voltage
(a) 50 Hz (b) 500 Hz
(c) 1000 Hz (d) 1500 Hz O. An AC generator generating an emf E giv~n by
1 E = sin(l ) is connected to a 44 n resistor.
(iii) Which one of the following statements is true? 311 O1
(a) DC voltage can be stepped up or down. Calculate
(b) AC voltage can be stepped up or down. (a) nns value of AC flowing through the resistor
(c) Both DC and AC ':'oltages can be stepped up or (b) frequency of the current
down. ·_ (c) mean value of emf generated by the generator in
(d) Neither AC nor DC voltage can be stepped up or time interval 0.06s to 0.08s ISC SQP201
down.

1. From the graph, 3. According to the question,

Time period T =0.10 s e = 314sin(501tt)V
- 1 1 On comparing with,
Frequency, f = T = 0.10 =10 Hz e =e 0 sin rot
2. (a) V = V0 sin rot =200sinrot Here, ro =angular frequency =501t
so, ro=2ef ·
Mean value of emffor_co~plete cycle
⇒ f =2TC
(t=Oto T),
1: 'J:Vdt 200sin rot dt
(1}

2n 1
= 50n =25 =O.o4
1: dt T
4. According
. to the quest·ton,
= _!_ x 200( sin rot dt Given, e = 311 sin (100 TCt ) volt
T On comparing with - .
e -eo sm rot
=~r-cosrot]r Peak emf, 60 = 3 1I V
T ro o So, e = 6
0 31 I
mw Ji =Jl =219.9 V ~220 V
=== ~[coso-cos roT]
roT 5. Given, Vnrwi = 220 V ·
,I ===50 Hz
::~[1-cos21t] The equation of an I
as a tematin
21t g voltage can be written

::~[1-1]==0 V =Vo sinoot

21t
 Alternating Current Circuits

where, V0 ~ peak voltage .

i.e.
=✓2 Vnm = ✓2X220~311 V
where, i ~ == 'root' of mea~' square va1ue,
- ( Vmw =Vo)
✓2 ·. i0 = peak value of current
~Co~c~f ! . ~~tern.ating ·c~r; ent is positive for ' ~

l
V =3 llsin21tx 50t [·: ID=21tf]
1- Enhancer half cycle and negative for next half
⇒ V =311 sin 100 7tt ~ycle. Hence, average value for one complete cycle
6. E =311sin (240 ru) V rs zero. . .. . ,.
• I• • .. .. •

(z) =2407tt
ID( 9. (i) (b) (ii) (a) (iii) _(b) (iv) (c) .
21t/ =2401t 10. Given, E O = 311 v; R -~ 44.0, ro:;: 10
f =120Hz
( a) E · _ E O _ 311 ._ 311 ~ 220 V
(iz) Errm =0.707x311 nm ✓2 , ✓ 2 1.41
=219.87V
I = Enm =-220 =5A
7. Emf of AC source, E = 200 sin IDt nm R 44
E 0 =200V (b) ro = 21tv
E 0 200 ⇒ 27tV=10
(z) Peak current, / 0 = - = - = 4A 10 !Ox 7
R 50 v=-=--=l.59Hz
21t 2x22
Average current, I av = 0.63 7 / 0
=0.637x 4=2548A (c) T'= 21t = 2x 314 = 628 =0.628

(ii) nns value of emf, Enns=

E 200
= Ji = 141.42V h ro 10

E avg = T
l
10
1 l tt
E ( t )dt = T f 311 sin(l Ot) dt
,~ the alternating current is i = i0 sin rot t1 t1

1 - 10.0831lsm(l0t)
=- .
dt
Mean of square value of current, 0.628 0.06 . .
< i2 > = _!_ rT i 2 dt [·:fora complete cycle] 311
T Jo =----[cosrot 2 -cosrot 1 ]
0.628 X 10
=-T1 lTO lo-2 SID
• 2 d iJ
ID( t = -
lT (1- cos 2o:Jt }t
O
31 f , :..- l I) il , ·_) 1,
= - - [COS 10 X 0.08 - COS 10 X 0.06]
T 2
628
= ;J [,_sin 2cot]T = iJ [T -O] = iJ = 495 [0.696' ~ 0.82.5]
2T 2co O 2T 2 =638V
Now by taking roots of mean square value of current
1 Mark Questions
1
• A graph of_reactance of a capacitor X c versus ,
an
frequency/ of AC source is ISC 2022 Sem-1, 2012

. (a)
f
4 When an alternati,n g .emf e == JOO sin (1001tt + 1fl6),ok
. app11e
• 1s . d to a ct:r·c·uit ' the current I through
fi it is
1 = S.0sin (l00 rt/_ rt/6) ampere. Then, md the~
difference between the emf and current. . ISC

3 Marks Que·stions
5. Obtain the relation for the current I =Io sin (cot-~
for a pure inductor across which an alternating emf
. 2. Alternating current flowing through a certain ele_ctrical s =s O sin rot is app!ied. ISC
device leads over the potential difference across it by
6. Obtain the relation I =IO sin (rot + rr./2) and
90°.·State whether this device is a resistor, capacitor or
· · :... , . . · . ISC 2013
X =1/roC for a pure capacitor across which an AC
an inductor.
. enrl' of s = s O sin cpt is applied as shown in the figure.
3. Which one of the following graph in figure represents , J;)raw a phasor diagram showing emfs, c~ent I and
variation of reactance X c of a capacitor with ' : ,: their phase diffe.rence ~- ·, ISC
~
frequency/ of an AC supply? ,- _._. ·_ tsc 2012 '' J ,._

,··'.-,.·:·1•i
·1b
(b) Xe ._ , _. . .'.

.. ,..

1. (c) We know that, reactance (Xc) of a capacitor is The graph wiH be rectangular hyperbola as shown
given by below. ··· ·
1
Xc=- Xe
roC
1 T
Xe=--
. 21t/C
where, C is cap~itance and/ is frequency.
. . 1 ' .
S9, X c oc f · [ ·: C is constant]
,- . ,-
 ,emoting Current Circuits

j~ •A.S, the current 1s. Ieading over Volta I

j
I = I O sin (rot - nhn · ' ·. ,
2 ge, hence the
f 4evice must be capritor. or ,
E - · ~ II
current or
where, / 0 = -..! is the maximum val·ue of the '
· rol
' ~
Ve
peak current.
~ Concncer
T
I
ept An opposing emf /1s induced in the
Enha inductor due to ti111e varying flux
1
1
ent · ·
. ;
that, reactance (X c ) ofa capa· citor which appears due to a time var~1ing curr
3· (d) We know 1s
through it.
given by X c =- - ⇒ X c =
1 1
applied across
(2Ttf )C . 6. Let alternating voltage, E = Ei, sin mt is
roe a capacitor C. At any instant, the pote ntial difference
/ is frequenc . age,
across the capacitor is equal to app lied volt
1
where, C is capacitance and
1 ' y
So, · X c ex: f

The graph will be rectangular hyperbola as

[·: C is constant]

shown
.I f~:,,ro, I
below. ·- ~ : C

=~
i ~ .;, :. E = Potential difference across the :capa
citor

=E 0 sin j:rot
1
... (i)
,_ But E

E 0 sin rot= !L ⇒ q = E 0 C sin rot

... (i) C
4. Given, e=300sin (I00nt + n/6) V
... (ii) dq
and / = 5 sin (IO0nt - n/6) A - =roCE0 cosrot "
'',
equation, dt
Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii) with standard .. E
the phase difference between emf (e) and curr ent ⇒ I = - -0 -cos rot -
1/roC
(/) is

A~ = ~ 1- ~ 2 =~ -( -~) = f rad = 60°

or I =I O sin ( rot + f) ... (ii)

Eo Eo
E = E0 sin wt where, fo=--=-
S. Consider the circuit containing
(ro~)
L]
Xe
inductor.
Let the emf E =E 0 sin rot is .. 1
Capac1tlve reactance, X c =-
applied across a pure inductor L. roe '
L age by
Since, there is no resistance in the From Eqs. (i) and (ii), current lead:s the volt
circuit, the net instantaneous emf phase rt/2.
is zero. or diagram
The graph between E and / versus ,tot phas
Applying KVL across the circuit, we have as shown below.
. Ldl
E O sm rot - - = 0 or di =-E 0 sin rot dt y
dt L
V ---- ---- Eo
.
J
Integrating, we have di= Eo Jsin rot dt
L
Io
~-- -- I
-·..
- cos rot ) _ E ~ m
_ E O (- - - --s
. ( rot -- 1t) rot
I-
L ro roL 2

· · [·: -cos rot =g{ro1-g)] Phaser diagram

' ·'
 . _ NBAOl_
1o- -R- - ~ va\\
Jt of eutff l\\. U111
• AC gene ·
tatot9 are ~ d fot c_un,:,cient ttans~ssiotl of
\)OWer over s
long d,staen ce and in larget atn out\l.•s. .
• AC trow d ut) ot ste d doWtl in
er can easi\ ppe
voltage b-, y be
T using tran stewe
• AC can b sf~ers~ c
e reduced b hoke coil w
wasting en y u~,ng ithout
\Jot\ot\on oi etr, , ... ..
(tment \n I\
.~ genern
tor
• A.C can
be eas1.\y c erted m . ~b .
• A.C mac onv to I.I'-' J" usirig rectifie
hines requ . \ mam . t.
tre ess tenan ce·

t,\oTK Que
stio
\ ~ p,rap'n snowing v ns . ,,
\. J,CR drcu aria
it, w\th fre tion in iml)edance Z (b) Imped
anc •
quenc of a , c) Curren e of the cucu1·t i· s. m. inimum.
is shown b y f of a\temating e series
I\IP\ied to it t in the cir
va\Ut of \his e m \: · cuit is nu
itnl)Cdan.ce'?\ow. Wbat is the minimf , . (d) Curren
t is in -pha · · h npupnum.
um se ~ i t su \v voltag
S l f l)O·te
\S t 1011 ntia\ dif' fe· ·~ . _ e .
S.m-,
. as show rence acr' · · · tor o
n in the g oss f SO v a .
hy the res raph be\o a rests power U n
consuemse
istor is w' averag d
~ \SC 1 0 1
1 Sem-1

lt)R
lc)Z,_ (.b)Z;=~ 1
R +(X
1 -Xe )1
t Whic'n of th (d) Xi; =
e fo Xe ·
m.onance in \\owing is not the (a) zero
c
an LCR s
eries circu haracteristic of (c) 1000 W · (b) 500
it'? \St 1 0 l l W
Sem-, ~ (d) 1 0 0 0
(b)(j)L l at is ~he v W
=- alu
lc)l1gl.=lt IDC - · c o nnected to e 'of pov;°er fa~tor
an a\tema fo
rfC
( 91 ting curre r a pure resistor
~
(d)fo= Q n t source?
~
l An AC ge 1
l- -
1t 4 - ~ c a t _is the va\ue pf p \SC 1 0
\9
nerator ge L C ircuit at res ow er factor
t=100sin (l n erating an e o n ance'? i n a series o
001 mf o S. An a\t f L-C-R
0H
Gµr capac t)t is connected to a f emati~g c
What is the fr itor, l H inductor an series combination through a urrent
n idea\ ch of freq_uency f i
\SC 1 0 0
9
equenc)' o d \OOC). res a n o ke s fl.
la) 100 \\ z f AC? is tor. d Io be th co i\ of s o w ing
\SC l0'21 then fmd e peak va\ues of th elf-inductance L
le) 100 \\ z (b) SO Hz S .m -, th
choke coi\ e average pow e voltage a .l f V
4· . e r co nsumed n d c .
'Wm.en one o
. lt\onance f t'n e fo\\ow
(d) 15 Hz
G) W bat is the
.
'
i f a u.rrb t o
ny, Yenth,
of a series ing statements is n l)Ower fac
tor of a e
la) Reacta L-C-R cir ot true ·at ISCl00
nce of cuit? '\Q \ .
senes - L 9
the inducto the ca\)acitor is CC\u
\s t lO 'l
l Sem-1 ; n a gra t..· C-R cir . .
cuit?
r. a\ to the re
actance of tbe outppuu,ca\ variation of
• t of an AC e f .
emf m duced and gene m induc . \SC 1 0 0
8
th t· rator m ed W\th t i
e \me pe .' ark th m e for
not\ e \)ea
 .~ . ISC Solved Paptrl
·~ ~------------~------Chapt~ rw1se

(b) /2 X C
ideal inductor does not ~onsume any power ~ven · (a) /2 xx,: (d) zero
ough both V and/ are non-zero. Explain in brief. · {c) 12 x R . d'
ISC 2005, 01 . between potential df~
(/I) Phase d1fferen~e t' and that across.an illducto, ..
12. In an AC circuit; R =4n, Z = Sn, V.,,. = 200 Vand · •across a capacito •.
I nm = 1.5 A Calculate the average power consumed . {a)90° , ·
. over a full !=Ycle. ISC 2003 soo1
(b) 1 IR
{c)tan - (XL -Xe)
. ~ ention ~Y
two special properties of an L-C:R circuit
~ ; resonance. '· , . I • • ,sc 2003 . (d) cos - I (XL - X c )IR . , .
· -fl . through the circuit ts maxinh,.
14. Give the expression for the power factor in_ an L- ~ (iii) Current owmg :-ii,
' ' I
circuit in tenns of the resistance Rand the inductive when -X (b)XL >Xe . .
lsc 2002 (a)XL - c (d)Z>R · . , .,
, reactance XL . . .
(c)XL <Xe . . _' -.~
ISC 2000
·\ : -~ Whal is meant by wa.ttl~ cwrent1 · 11 d graph showing vanat1on m llllJ'Cdaare
21. Plot a lab~ eL-C-R circuit with frequency/ of .
\ . , / ../'12 Marks Questions zalternating
of a senes Wh · ·th · ·
emf applied to it. at is e DUntnnun
\ ~, I 16 State any two characteristics of resonance.in an L-C-R value of this imp~dance? ISC21J
' • . . . .. · · ISC2019 ' r
\, . · senes circuit. _. i _ _ Obtain an expression for reso ~quency 10 ofa
22
V,~
1
1
1' 1

fl
~
r
~
In a series L-C~R circuit1 obtain an expression for the series L-C-R circuit. - ISC
• · 2017 - .
~
' . '

:\i\l, resonant frequency. . . , · -~· · 1 · ; ' ,' ~sc _ A ~esista~ce ofl 50 n and a capac1 ~ o
~3.
'fl'. 6
18. When an alternating emf, e = 300 sin (1001tt + rr1 ) volt · c·onnected in- s~ries with·an AC source o 220 . The
\. is applied to a circuit, the current I through it is I =5.0 peak value of the current i_s 0.29 ~- C_alc_u tellfe
',1 · sin (1007tt - rrJ6) ampere. Then, find the average power ~ t. average power consumed tn ~~e c1Tcmt. If the cap.
: i, i consumed by the circuit. . r { [>:r ISC 2009 C-- · is removed but the -current is 'kept the same~ what IS di
_ ·• ( J<-c- ~ fL r{ \.------
average power cons~ed in the resistor alone?
3 Marks Questions .r[; . .:.-vv,. 1SC2Gaf
19. A 2 µF capacitor, 100 n resistor and 8 _H inductor are
connected in series with an AC source. At a certain
~J ~ idea
To calculate the average power first calculate the
frequency of about 40 Hz for this AC source, the impedance, then calculate the P.iv = Vrmslrms cos, ·
current drawn in the circuit is maximum. If.the peak
value of emf of the source is 200V ISC 2022 Se~-I
24. An AC circuit with .resistance R, inductance Land
. (i) What is the peak value ~f current in the circui~? capacitance C are connected in series. The value ofC
(a) 1.4 A (b) 2.2 A is adjusted for resonance. State any three properties ot
, . (c)2.0A (d)l.8A this circuit which hold true for resonance only. (Give
(ii) What is the phase relation between voltages across the properties in words or equations, r~lating
inductor and resistor? • XL • X c, Z, R, ~ , power, etc.) ISC2006
(a)1t/2radian · (b)1t 73radian . 25. An alternating emf of frequency 50 Hz is applied to a
'(c)ir/4radian ,- (d)1tradian circuit with a resistor of20.0, an inductor of 100 mH
(iii) What is the phase difference between voltages and a capacitor of30 connected in series.! _ µF
across inductor and capacitor? . (i) What is the angle by which the current leads or
(a) 1t/2radian lags the applied emf?
. (b) 1tl 3radian
(ii) Represent the voltage and the current in a vector
(c) nl 4radian diagram showing the phase angle. : ISC 2006
(d) uadian
urrent of 4 A flows in a coil when connected to a
20. When a capacitor, an inductor and a resistor are V DC source. If the same coil is connected to a, 12
connected in series to an AC source, ISC 2022 Sem-I , 8 Hz AC source, a current 2.4 A flows in the coil.
(i) Average power consumed by the capacitor is Calculate the coefficient of self-inductance L of the
co iI. ,sc 2005
 ernating Cu rre nt Circuits

figu re, ti le current and the -

rn the R-L cir n wn in th,!
cuit sho given (c) phase difference between tbe
. R -~, XL =40 n and peak . supply voltag~.
resistance, =30 , reactanc,
emf, so = 220 V.

~]R L

31.

: · and
AC source is connected to a ser
3.16 µF'capaci tor
a 600 n resistor. Then, (appro
,
xim
a 0.6
ate
3 H
ly)
ies
inductor

ISC 2022 S.m-1

is .
V _. 2 - (i) Reactance of the capacitor 00
("1 V ~ ,z_ ~ (a) 1000.Q (b) 90
(d) 0.1 n
Calcula~e
(i) the imp edance Z.
t_J) . (c) 10
is
f and current. (ii) Reactance of the inductor
fer ence betwe en the em (b) 30 00
(ii) phase dif ISC 2004 . (a) 40 00
circui t.
(iii) the peak current 10 in (c) 200 0 (d) 100 0
of 8 ·s con nec ted to a .
. A lamp with a res istance ..-- ~ / (iii) Impedance of the
circuit is
as sho wn in the . · (b) 10 00 0 I'
choke coil
'
!.,' ~ -[;. . 'X-l.- . ,
"t,-J . (a) 800.0
(cj 1200 n (d) J400 n .
':),.... ?---.
(

1JA
~ h.q_ke COIi
.,: .Vciv) between t~e current and the
"\../
i'base diffeceoo~
supply voltage is
r supply voltage
/,, (a) 53°, with cu~ent leading ove
1,1QV ind supply voltage
"Z,. C::- iJ. \.;"" (b) 53°, with current laKging beh
~ (c) 37°, with cu~ent lagging beh
ind supply voltage
AC Sou ~?e r supply volta~e
(d) 370 , wjth current leading ove
to an alte~ating source
This arrangement is connecte;l , ~i
m:i'jidea · . ·
t ~J be ..circlui t is 11 A. The · -· .
11 Q_Y. The curren erence between the curren
t
~j Th en: lm a !be ~
'L To determine the phase diff
XL, the n
lrequency of lhe A~ ls ~ 'IL - .
and the supply voltage first calc
ulate the Xe
help
and
of form ula
(i) impedance of the ·circu! !J with . the
, calculate-the phase difference
of ind uct ive rea cta n ce of the choke ·coil. · X - X )
.(ii) value ISC 2000 ' ,. )· -ta,ncp=-L__c .
~ • -- -
, 1
•
.a
,. . R .",I\/
ents connected in serie~, , ;l' .0 resistor, a 3H inductor'and
a· · '·~
9. In a L-C-R circuit all compon giv en f 32. i). 'A 400
g in the circuit are series to a 220V,
the emf and the c~rrent flowin 5 µF capacitorare connected in
•
by the following equations. .50 Hz AC source. Calculate the
, ( _ 7t) . ·
3 4 (a) imped anceofthe cir cui t. 7
=Ssm t tA .. .,..

-!l ..: ty. :·0')

=2.2 Q_sin 31 4t +- V, l = uit. -rt ~
s_,0 _....., 6 '
current flowing t~rough _the circ
~ _~

wmg the v ·
(u) ~raw a labelled graph sho -R circ
.,...,_,. , ;
T
-
- - ~---

:.Jl - . -\.-
• •

Obtam
I nd
f
impedance (Z) of a ser ies L-C
~a em · .
(i) the peak values of curren8 . ., fr:quency (/) of the AC suppl.
th e AC '. )ur ce.
(ii) the frequency of (1') W i
difference betweI en current and __
emf.
1sc 200 0 J} ' h~n an altem~ting emf e. 310
(iii ) the phase _, · appliedh to. .a sen es L-C-R' c1rcu1t ' c
· . thr . • it( + zr(})
· . H ind uct d- r and a 4 µF capacitor a oug 1t 1s, =:. 5 sm(IO0
. IO
30 - A 6on resistodr,• a 1ser•ies to AC •mpply generatmg an
• ll1t
(

e
•

,,sc
_
2 000
\~
,m (
a
) Wh . · 7 ill...!!i!i!=~.;:S:=s
~ -.,-~ -:.::!..
at IS the Pl! .~ gifference b
current and th-e mf? --•
are connecte_~1oot)V. Calcu
em f e == 300 Sh\ ~ :
. dance of
(a) J~p e l ~fthe cur
the
.
circ
.
uit,
reri t
ifl
.
2
'
tow ing
.
thro ugh
..1 -"' I~

th~ ___
f
J V:
___ _ :·
•J •

-r . . r· .
(b) Calculat th
\
e e ave
l
ra~ e power
J __
(b) ~~!:~ ~~ .. --
:J' 1 -;p fi '\ (
~
1 , ' " , circuit.
b:,~ .
p,;
AJ~
-. . ru~ -z ~ .
'1 (cr '-__&u
; == ~·~ ~ y f-41.-n '-t- r71
 - ~:----:------- -- - - - - - - - --- Chapterwise ISC Solved Papers!
. / ·, --. i J\' fl---'
..ef;} Obtain an ex. . . ~, . i ✓ . (a) reactance of the coil_,
· .- 1 '" ) of
_press1on or the 1;sonant freqyency , dance of the coil •
t . . v_10
a senes l-C-R circu1't. ' ISC 2020 (b) 1mpe
· t flowfog through the coil.
t) An alternating e f r2oo\f H (c) curren . . .
L R . . h m o ~,1, 50 z is applied to an ., raw a labelled graph showing_ va_nat1_on of
_. 1nd . • circuit, aving a resistance R ofl0O and an (u) ~ d. e of a ,:eries L-C-R c1rcu1t With
uctance L of 0.05H connected in series. 1mpe anc · J
Calculate frequency of the AC supp Y· le
I!l..
(a) lmpedanfe. Z . - · · ·· -~ .,. ,· 6v,- . p· below sh•:>WS a capacitor C, an indueror
~: (b) cwrent flowing in the circuit .,. £ . 39. (1) a~~:~esistor R connected in series to 8JIAC L
(ii) Draw
·
.
.
·a labelled. graph showmg
mductiverea tan
C
. X
· the.· vanatton
· · 'of ·
Ce L versus frequency f,
supply ,of220 V_.
,, r
C= 25µF
~~
R=1000

~
2019

i ~oi~te':current flowing in the ciKuit. First ISC

I.i calculate th e Impedance (Z),.then calculate,the current · 220 V
f
'
with the help of formula (1 =~} ~ Calc)Jlate'
.
A'f)A_ . '. (a) the r~~On~uency of,_~~ giVCDl-C-j
1

&: y
al~tin_g e~ of 220 is, applied to a circuit
containing a resistor R havmg resistance ·•of-I 60 n and
circui.t. < ' ~ -
(b) current flowfo.g through the circuit
1

- a capacito!'- _Cin se_ries. T h .· .. ~

. ·s 'found
c t~ lea.d_._. th
_.:. e_. -, , .., · (c) average 'po~ff consumed by th ~ c~t · ·
1
supply.voltage by an angl 8 = tan~ .·.....- · /. ,.-'./ 1 , ~- !(ii) In a series L-C-~'.,circuit, what is the phase
1

--~~c _ · ··: ,· 4 ISC '201a difference betwden VL and Ve, where rL is the
'. ~culate . ~
1
4 . . potential differe~1ce across the inductor andY,:.
c;_J 11- =;;-
the ·c _~itive reactallde Xe . the potential dif1erence across the capacitm!
~- II. impe~ce, of$~ R_-~-~ircu~t. ~ , . k .. ~ ~-.
4 o. An al~e?1atmg emf d 110 V · applied to·a circuit
~ --
Ill current flowing in the.circuit. .1,,.. - 7-:-
,-- , ... , ,~ contammg a r · t I 8on and an inductorLia
(b) If the frequency of the applied ~r:nfi~ what . esis a~..
is the value of the capacitance of the capacitor C ? ~ senes. The current 1~ found to lag-behind the supply
. . t/' .... (.;) b.- voltage by an angle. '0 = tan.-1 (3/ 4) Th
AC generator generatmg an emf o( f ~- .~ i . . ·, · en, find the
300.sin(fOO~JV is connected to a series \ / ~1-ff U ~ _) ~nductive re~ctance.
mbinatio.n ofJM capacitor? 1H in4;1!,~tor and 1000 . (u) Impedance of the circuit. ✓
resistor Calculate . / /. . ISC 201a (iii) current flowing in the . .
. • . · 1 · . . Circmt.
:--A<>nl".P. of the circuit at the given frequency (iv) If the inductor has co ffi . .
- . •. ( a) ~ - · , · oI H w . : e I£!ent of self-mduc:tance
. . . . (b) -;resonant freg•c~/o· . UJ J, ~L ~/$,~ hat Is tl,1e frequency ofthe ,appliecleml?
· -: · (c)~er[acto~atreso~tfrequency/o, . 5~ ~ I . . . ICaM
~-..a .. ntnr, a 1 .. 11 .capacitor arid a 1000.resistor · 41. · Figure b I
1 ,An 8 H ~ , .If- e ow shows • ·
d .ill ,cries to an AC supply o( ~ and connected to an AC a series L~C-~.ci~uit
. te ' . . JfciQp 2018 alternating emf ) source Whlch generat~ ...
. 'ihe
circuit ' . . reading of Volt 1!!~e~ency of 5Q H~. The
thr-0ugb'the circuit .
,. .
I"' respectively. s and V2_a re -~o V and 60V, I
,,.,. d,e~t anc1 th•~ 't' V J! . ....-~-=--~"' . - , . ~
y• circuit. .
ce ~f 0; 7 ff and -~ \
r~ ~ • ,,
'-"'1 ·
so H·
ebtt-4 to llll ~C so_urce . '1 :·. \ ', \ --v
~ .. ~-1at' f." ~:,. \ ' f. '
~ ~a~,J) ··\ · ,' ·- ·. .-· l ·· :
-...-· 1 ~.,· .~ ' t . ; I r ·1 l

I
• • > . I . -~ . ,' Jf'l,
{
--t 'I ~
/ f ., •.;,,
•'
- \j ,;) ~L
----=--?"'::::---64-.....:..:_______________ - - -,J 59)
ternating Current Circuits ·
@~)
· : JS· 1ess sharp
. .(see
Find @v_ If resonance in an L - C - R circutt . .
(a) the current in the circuit. c.;, t graph) not only the maximum current !in the circutt JS
less the circuit is closed to resonance for a larger
(b) the C,!R_acitance C of the capacitor.
ran~e of frequency (~(J)) and tuning 01(·cir~uit ~s.
(iz) At resonance, what is the relation between difficult. So, if resonance is more sharp, cJrcmt JS
impedance of a series L-C-R circuit and its more selective for a particular frequen :cy and current
resistance R? ISC 2013) in the circuit is large.
2. A 50 µF capacitor, a 30n resistor and a 0.7 H inductor
' i
are connected in series to an AC supply which
generate an emf e given by, e = 300 sin (200t) V. R. = "E'iQf IOJM ·
Calculate peak value of the current flowing through O-factor= lari;te
the circuit. ISC 2012 R=IOW .
Q-factor ,=normal
~ C§lidea ---+---==-~~-R = f~igh
Q-faqtor= low
To calculate the peak value of current, first calcalate the ..a...---i------:r~----.'7f I
impedance with the help o2f formula
J 2
(Z = R2 + (Xi-Xe ) then apply the formula (1 0 =;} Resonance curve
The ratio of resonant frequency to ·band. w!gth which is
responsible for sharpness of reso~anc~ JIS ~alled
3. A 30 µF capacitor, 0.2 H inductor and a 50.n resistor Q-factor or quality factor of the crrcmt}t 1s
are connected in series to an AC source whose emf is represented as · I
given by E = 310 sin (314t), where E is in volt and t is
in second. Calculate
(z) the impedance of the circuit.\.,/o
ISC 200s · Q - factor= VL = Ve = ..!._
.. vR vR R vc/L
ro _ 1 _ ro L
(iz) peak value of current in the cir~
0
=- - - - - -0-
2~ro ro 0CR · R
. Find the inductance of a choke coil needed to run an l
[ ro 0 = resonant frequency]
arc lamp. with an AC source of 1_00 V supply at 50_ . J .

Hz. The arc runs at 10 A current and has an effective (z) What is the-other name •·of quality
•
factor?
I
(1)
.
· . 2004
resistance of 4 n. 1sc . (iz) What is the voltage across the capa,;;itor when the
source voltage is 100 V and Q-factm is 10. (1)

Case Based question · (iii) Find_the Q-factor when the voltage iicross the
capacitor is 1000 V and the source voltage is
(For complete ~hapter) 100 V.
1
(1)
45.- Direction Read the passage given below and answer (iv) What happens to the voltage across the capacitor
the questions that follows. Al when the Q-factor increases·? (1) ·

Quality Factor (v) What happens to the voltage across the indu t
It defines the i - f curve at resonance. . . . . when the Q~factor decrease
Th characteristic of a series resonant circuit 1s
de~ned by the quality factor (Q-.factor).

I
..J
 1. (a) z == 2
( L » -I- ) ' +R2
l Cro
Z is minim m, when
Lro 1
Cro •·

z :.Jco>2+.(2)2==>z;,,R
2. (c) 2,gI. ==27ifC ⇒ cos<!> =0
3 P av = V nns Inns cos 90°
• {b) E =3~ ~n (IOOnt)
f ==?
= (Vrms/ rms) (0) = 0
0):: 100 ~-
Hence, no power consumed by an ideal choke coil.
2,if ·1 . . ' ·: 9. If ct, is the angle of lag or lead of emf or current in a
7
f ==50 ' .... ' series L-C-R circuit, then cos <I> component in the
4. (c) equation of power average is called power factor.
R R
S. (c) V0 ==4 cos cl> = - = -.=========
·•· Purely r :sistive
:. ♦ ==O
Z ✓( roL- ro~r+R'
• . ' ' V. j
• · Pav
•
=VI
rw • I l'IDI cos cj,
•
=_Q_
✓
• _o cos
2 ✓ 2 'f'
,1,.

1 . ' ' .
== - ~:,IO cos ♦
2 I .
I i : ·v ·. ' .. R
0
=- ~ ·-cos ♦ . 10. The graphical variation of . .
, 2 ja. R . · :·.. ·
the output of an AC emf lDduced With time for
= .!. : 400 X 400 ~S oo geI?,erator is shown as b I
i- 80 e ow.
. , ) '. ~w .
esistor, phase difference between alternating
i
E
+Eo

d alternating voltage, • . .
♦ =oo 3T/2 T
actor =cos ♦ =cos0°=1 • ►
t · - -.....
lR eries circuit, its defined as cosine of the
I, .or resistance/impedance.
11. We kn
ow that
R Power con
surned
Fora • p • ·
n ldeaJ . av :::::: ,., / ' \
. Ph
(I.e. Inductor, 'I' .,1,. l'hlB l'hlB cos .._ ·
:::::: 9Qo 't"
ase diff'i
erence b
::::::> etwee "" · ,.. .) 1
Power coscf> :::::o n r and/·is-) 7t
. consullled h , .:., : 2
~::::: (t,
ternoting Current Circuits

z. Given, 19. C =2µF =2x 10-6 F

R==40,Vnm =200V, Z=5O, /m• =1.5A
As, we know power of an AC circuit is given by k. = 1000 , l = 8H, e 0 =200V,/o = ?,
Pav = Vnm I nm COS 4I X L = ?, X e= ? Z = ?
1
(where, cos ♦ = power factor= R) ' v= v, - 2n✓
LC
4 z 1
p =200x 1.5 X- =240 W
5
2 X 3.14 ✓8 X 2 X 10-6
t (i) At resonance, XL = X c i.e. R = Z, circuit behaves
like a purely resistive circuit Current and voltage = lOOO = 39.8 Hz
are in phase. 8 X 3.14
(ii) At resonance, Z = R (min), cos ♦ = 1 (i) (c) Peak value of current
P=lnmVnm Io = Eo =200 =2A
So, power utilisation in th~ c~cuit is maximum. K 100
(ii) (a) The voltage across inductor is ahead of voltage
t Power factor =cos ♦ = R = R ' across resistor by a phase angle of 90~...
z ✓R2 +Xi (iii) (d) The voltages across inductor and capacitor
[Z=(R2 +Xi)112] differ in phase by 180°. , :
;, When current flows through inductor or capacitor, 20. (i) (d) Pav by capacitor =VI cos ~ = 0
2
there is zero power loss due to (7t/2) phase difference
between current and voltage in two cases. As we know (ii) (b) For L-C-R circuit,
the SI unit of power is watt, so the current through
inductor or capacitor is called wattless current.
'lt/2
;, Characteristics of series resonant circuit
(a) The applied alternating voltage and the resulting rt/2
current are in the same phase.
(b) The impedance Z of the circuit is minimum and is Ve
equal to the resistance R in the circuit.
.·. Phase difference between Vi and
7. Refer to the text on page 152.
7t 7t
Ve =- + - =1t =180°
I. Given/ :5sin ( IOOltt- ~) 2 2 ·
(iii) (a) At resonance i.e., XL = X c maximum current
, flows in ~ circuit.
e;Joosm (100,u + ~) 1

21. At f = fo, Z = R. This is the minimum value of

We know that, average power consumed impedance. '

Pav =Enm I rms cos ♦ =

E I
hh
x cos ♦ acitive: Induct'

where, £ 0 = peak emf= 300 V

Iv :==Pe~ current ~5 A .
. . 600 1 Z max =R ----------
cos ♦ = power factor = cos =-
;' • . . . 2
•. .o:;l 0
;

:. 300 50 1 .
P =-x-x-=3750W 22. For a series L-C-R circuit at res
av ,Ji ✓2,2 . reactance of capacitor and induc
•)= \' ·.
,r, ·-
1

{•i(.il.~
. . . t • & r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ChapterW1se
. ISC Solved Papers : P/'"•
':'

£0 '•
L C R . . maximum - or circuit
ent in the circuit is R . : (
(I) Curr . . and purely resistive.
• minimum
impedance is d. «erence between current and t1..
•
(ii) There 1s no
phase Ju• _ ·' _ ~
applied voltage. 2
Now according to question • • £
. b the circuit is maximum. I.e.-!!!.
' 1 (iii) Power utilisation y R.
⇒ ro 0 L=-
. ro 0C . t the question,
25. According O -100 mH
2 1 .
GJVen, f -- 50 Hz, R 3= 20 n, L -
roo=-
LC ::lO0x 10- H
1
0)0 = Fc C =J0µF =30x 10-6 F

1 . (i) XL = 21t/L 3
⇒ 27tfo=- =2 x 3.14x 50 x IOOx 10-
, LC
· ✓
=31.40.
:. Resonant frequency ··· · 1

1 1
. .· . '·.) ~ -1- /1', ., .:·
J
O
- 21t vu · · ,. · Xe =21t/C 2x3.14x50x30x10-6
~106.16 n
23. lnitially,R ·=150n · . : ·) ..;
' •·· , , ' Xe -Xi,
C =15 µF, peak C1:1fTen~,J0 =0.2 A . As we know that, tan cl> = R
Impedance·of circuit
[cl> = phasedifference between curren~ and voltage]
z = Vo , V-nm x -{1. = 106.16-31.4 =3.73
lo;'_. Io , 20
=22() ~·•.ri· .22()'~1()() X ✓2 ⇒ cj, =75°
0.20 20 (ii) As X c > XL _
. - ·= 220 X 5 X ✓2 = 110() ✓2 fl ⇒ Ve ,>VL , i ,

:. Avera~e power consumed Hence, current leads the voltage by angle ♦ = 7S°as
shown. ' ·
Pav =Vnm/ nns COS + VL

· 02 150
. Pav =220x ✓2 1100✓2 .. X

-JW : -;· ·.. ·· . .

· Pav -
When there is only resistor m the c1rcu1t, power '.._ ·r
consumed is Ve ~

P. = I 2
av nns
~ ~ .Ji~ ( / )\
ffi Common Th ·
ll' Misf1ke ~ values of XL ,x, and Rto be with proper
-

units. .
2 .

=(~) x 150=3W
26. For DC source th . d
1
.. ;·.-:
and only resist~r he ~ uctor will act as short circuit
current. as O be taken for calculation of
. X I
%4. At resonance, XL = c ⇒ ro = .fie Now for DC source co . .. ·J, •1 : .
nnected to the circuit
:..,.111·t has
· -tJiec•...... following cha~acteristics at
, pance. XL =roL=.o
So, resistance, R :: §_ _ 12 v
·'·· · [·:~=OJ
. .-. Y , ,~•
I -4A==3n ·
,.....------
_ _..,___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __.; 16~
·ng Current Circuits
terf1° t 1

wi,en the coil is connected to AC source, then . =✓36 =60

E
.j 2
. [·: z =.j R 2 + (rol)2 ) The inductive reactance of the chock coil is
R 2 + (roL) Xl=6'1
12 29. According to the given equations in the question,
2.4 I
v 32 + (2rcjL) 2
£0 =200sin( 314t +~)and J = 5sin(314t)A
2

⇒ 9 + (2rcjL) = ( -12 ) =25

2
Comparing above two equations with
2.4
standard equation.
(2rcjL) 2 =25 -9 =16 (i) Peak value of the current,
⇒ 2rc.fL =4 I O =5 A and emf, e O =200 V
l 1 .
(ii) ro r 21tf =314 ⇒ f
314
⇒ L=2rc/x4=21tx8x4 . [<·_r:::8Hz] 2x 3.14
= 50 Hz
1 I (iii) The phase difference between the current and emf,
L = - H = 0.0795 H 1t .
41t ,I,,
. 'I'=- =30°
6
7. (i) For an R-L circuit, we have to use , ,, ,
30. e = 300sin(500t)V '
Impedance, Z = ..JR 2 -+ X l ·· · ... (i)
R L ..
Total r~actance of the circuit is combination of
capacitance and inductive reactances.
·
(Xe -Xi)= roe - ·ooL
I1 I .. .-
I'.
\.
L-------4,,-..J•I------'--'
!- · .. , 1
E 1------- - 500 X}
500x4x10-6
According to the question, : 11 .. , ._ ' '·, . J

=15 ~ 10 · ~50~
2
R =300, XL = 400 .. · .-·.:··1.. ,:·
⇒ Z = ..j(30) 2 + (40)~.' =500 ,. ·: [from Eq.(i)] ~: :. (Xe -Xi)=0
(iz) cl> =phase difference ,· · ' :
1
',· ·- • ' ~a) z = ✓rR-=-2_+_(_X_e___x_L_)_2.
X ) ." .,•I •• \1, '.i·,. .
= ~ -1 _,;_ . ·- ' • "~
. ( R . = ✓(60)i +0
=600
·'-1
~tan (40)=s3o
30 . ,,t " .,,_!, ,,. ,
(b) Io = E o = 300 =5 A
Z 60 ,/
(iii) Peak value of current,

I0
-~=~
- z 50 :::4.4 A. ,,,. , i · .,
,f .( . ,, ,
(c)tancj> ;:::IXe -XL l=..Q_·=oo
' ~ • • I j ' ' ' '' i~ f. ',._ • ,,:.
R 60 ,
28. (i) According to the queSlion, . 31. Give~, f =50 Hz,R =6000,
Appliedetnf:::110 V, ~urrent,/ =11 A
C ==316µF ==316x 10~6 F, L =0.63 H
., 1 ' ·•
. . z =E- =110
' ., , .. ftbec1rcu1t, -=
Ion
Impedance O . / : 11 , (i) (a) X c == _l_ = _!_
roC 2rr.fC
(ii) As w~· ~ow ~2 2
= :----.:..1___
..ln ... c• z == R + XL
1n1pe~ .,,
21tx 50·x 3.16 X 10-6
X ==fzz-Rz
~ L --- . ,. =moon . .
· ==fio 2 -8 2 =.Jtoo-64 (u) (c) XL =rol =2
7ifL = 2 7t X 50 X 0.6

I 7f
.,l ...
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chapterwise !SC Soived Papers: ,J
=21tx 50 X ~ =2000
(ii) Refer to text on page No.
33. (i) Given, e=310sin(1001tt)V
152
·
I
I
!
'•,(i
(ii,) {b) Z = fR2 ( 1t
V + Xi -Xc)2 and I = 5sin(l OOnt + _1t
3
IA
;· ···~
= ✓6002 + (200- 1000)2 = 10000 (a) Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii) with standard eqtJatj
(iv) (a)tan♦ =rL ~Xe/ , the phase difference between emf(e) and~
(/) is
= 200-1000
600

. =1-::11-~
4
(b) We know that, average power consumed,
Pav = E,mslrms COS 0
tancj> =-
3 E I
=- 0 X ___!!_ X COS q>

⇒ ♦ =tan-'(1)=53" ✓ 2 ✓ 2
E O = peak emf= 310 V
:. Current leads the voltage
Off .
b; 53.0 (·: X
c>
X )
L I O = peak current =5 A
_32. 1 iven, capacitance, C = 5 µF = 5 x 10-6 F
Resistance, R = 4000
cos cl> = power factor =cos 600 = !2
Inductance, L = 3 H _· :·, : . ~ ,--: ·
Pav = 310 X ~ X !
_V~ ~alue of voltage, E~ =220 yl ✓2 ✓2 2
Frequency, v = 50 Hz ._, " ' -
1550
(a) Since, c~pacitiv~ re~c~c~:' · =-=3875W ,
.
( .
.

4
- . 1 .
Xc--=-- (ii) Refer to text on
1 roC 27tVC . . Series Circuit). page 151 - 152 ~Resonance inU'-J
= 1_: 34 · ~ ,.
• (z) Given, Vrms = 200 • i
2x314x 5~-x-5 X lQ-6 f =50Hz V, L =0.05 H, R =100,
Xe =63690 , Angular fre~uency, co= 2~,r' ., .. '. ..,..J
and inductive reactance ,
=21txS0
XL =_ro~=21tVL
. =2x 314x 50x 3 Inductive reactanc =1OOn rad/s
.=:9420 e, XL =roL . , ~ I

_·.-.1mpedance, =l001tx0.05
-, _: z =\/r:R-:;2_+_(_X_L___X_c_)_2 (a)I · =51t!l - .. r,·1 ;; l
mpedance' Z = ~R 2- ~ 2 '• .
, . . -~✓(400)2 + (942-6369)2 +XL ' .
= ✓(10)2 + (51t);.:--~, ,·
~✓(400)2 +(3051)2=50310 .Jlc l 'JU:
. (b) eurrent flowing through the circuit == I 00 + 251t2 .~•.J146.14
E 220 '
I= z =5031 =0.437 A (b) Cuttent flow· ==18.614!} .·~ ~J:"''·
ing in th . .
e cu-cuit .:i
I V . ,
==-!!!!. = 200 ,,_ ;
Z · 18iii,~}~OJ44A
. ' '.1 ',tl .
>
tern
oting Current Circuits
- - - -- - - - - -- - - - - - ~(f6$
-
(ii) Graph showing the radiation of inductive reactance 2
XL versus frequency f.
= R
2
+(21t/L -_.!__)
21t/C
2

= 100 2 +( 1001t x l - t
1007t x ]6 x 10
-6)
f--+
= ✓100 2 + (314 - 199) 2 ..
I
2 2
X = .J100 + 115 = 15239!1
s. We have, tan 0 = Re
(b) Resonant frequency,
1
0 =tan-I(¾) 10
= 21t-fiE 21t.J1 x 16 x I o-6
3·
⇒ tan0=- \ 1
=---- 39.8Hz
c- 4 3
21tx 4x 10-
~=Xe R
4 160 (c) Power factor, coscj, =-
Z
(a) I. Capacitive reac:tance,
At resonant frequency, R = Z
3
Xe =160x-=120O coscj, ~l
4
II. Impedance of the R-C circuit, , ~ Concept At resonance, the inductive
· ,... Enh~ncer . reactance is equal to capacitive
Z=.JR2 +(Xc)2 reactance. So, the impedence of the circuit is equal
, to its resistance and hence power factor becomes
= ✓(160) 2 +(120)
2
unity.

= ✓40000 =2000 37. Given, L = 8H, C =2µF =2 x 10-6F.

' .
V R = 1OOCl, V = 50 Hz, E mL~ = 220V
Ill. We have, Z =-
i (a) XL =roL =21tvx L
Current flowing in tlle circuit, 2 x 314x 50x 8=25120
. V 220 ,, .· 1
z=-=-=llA Xc=-
Z 200 roC
1 l
(b) X e = - - - -- -- - = 159" n
2efC 2 X 314·x 50 X 2 X 10- 6 - ..

1 1 Impedance, z:.: R 2 + (XL

⇒ 1W=---- ⇒ C-----
21tx 50 x C 21tx 50 x 120
: . Capacitance, C = 2.65 X 1o-5 F = (100) 2 +

36. The equation of emf is given by =925.410::::

e = 3QOsin(l001tt) V ( b) / - E 111111 220
- - Q - = 023RA
01•

The standard equation of emf,

Z 925 ·
(c) Phuse difference
£ s= e o sin rot

oo=l00n
⇒ .2~) .=l00n [·: oo = 2ef]
(a) Jtnpedance of the circuit (L _ c _R ), = tan -1 (2512
. Z= ✓R2 +(XL -Xc)2 1
1
= tan - (92) =
 ••~---:---------:___J_ _____
_ .
ChapterwIse iSC Solved Papers: Ptfrs~I
ts

I.
- ----;====---
1
(d) Average power (P) =Irm.sErm.s cos0 I, ::-;;Jfc- 2x314x ~ X25x1~
= 0138 X 220 X COS 83°7' 1t

= 013 X220 X0J }9 = 623 W 1

_ _....;----=50Hz
38• (i) According to the question, =2 3J4x_!_xsx10-3
'I X 314
I
0.7H . 1650
I
e of the circuit is given by
I
c·······1 (b)Impedanic:-=------:;-
z=fii2 +(XL -Xc)2
1 1
···(Q
275V, 50 Hz
We know that X c = roC = 2rr.fC
(a) Reactance of the coil is
1
XL =roL _ -6 12730
. 22 - 2 X 314 X 50 X 25 X 10
'i =2TCjL =2 X- X50 X0.7
i: ' 7 4
jl XL =roL =21t/L =2 x 314 x 2 x SO
=220.0 1t

t
I
(b) Impedance of the coil, Z =12730
}'
= ✓Xi +R2 . Substituting the all values in Eq. (i), we get
2
= ✓(roL) 2 ,+R 2 z = .Jooo) 2 + 0213 -1213)
= ✓(21tX 50 X0.7) 2 +(165) 2 2
= ✓(100) = 100.n
=.J48400+27225 · E 220
We know thatl = ~ =- = 2.2A
. = ✓75625 =275 rmi Z 100
(c) Current flowing through the coil, V = IR (c) Average power consumed by the 'circuit
V . , (R = resistance of circuit
⇒ l=-
R· ,.. and V = voltage applied)
. 275
J=-
⇒
=E= xi~ x JR'+( :ro-z!w)
275 ' r

⇒ . J=lA Z=R =100.{}

(ii) The variation of impedance·of a series L-C-R .
So,. power=
.
E nns x I n!'II
· circuit with frequency of AC supply is given
.. =220x2 .2=484 w·' ,
below: {u) Phasor diagr Ofl · ··J 1 •
, Capacitive
am -C-R circuit i$ shpwn below:
I

Xc>XL Inductive
I1 •I• •I A
t XL> - ------ I 8
' 1mpedanC8 E '
(Z) VL -Ve o /
I
I
I
Z sR ------ Dynamic
Impedance
Frequency (~ -+
Ve I
!
.
·O ;
i 'en,E ,·::220V,C=25µF=25x10-{j F,
~'L . . (i) y l'IDI 1:fie phase difference
· 4 ff, R ::1000
, i-...-- 40 difference across the acros~ the inductor and phase
. ,; .. . We have to capacitor is l ~oo
n,ant frequency 1s given by apply formula to - -·
•~ .. '#,..' t '
a)ltes<> I

tan~==~
R:
,Alternating Current Circu
its

ate d by
Net impedance can be calcul
Z= ✓xf +R2 ⇒ Ve = VL ⇒ (0.8) x X c = (0.8) ( ro ~)
I V2 x ro 60x 21tf [·: VL =V e]
(i) We can write ⇒ -=--
c 0.8
0.8
tan4> = XL = ! [given in the question] 60 0x 2n x5 0
R 4 =
8
8
⇒ C 3
6x 5x 2n xl0
⇒ C =4 2.4 6 µF
(ii) At resonance, XL = X
c
R
L _X_c_)_2
Z =1,....R_2_+_(X___

⇒
XL
-=-
3 = ✓R 2 +0 =R
R 4 is equal to resistance
At resonance net impedance
R= 80 Q (R).
3
x L =-4 x R = -4 x son =60 n
3 n,
⇒ 42 . According to the questio
H,
C =5 0µ F, R =3 00 , L =0 .7
Impedance, Z =✓ X l, + R
2 _
(ii) e=300sin (200 t),
= ✓(60) 2 +( 80 )
2

rv:1=
11 O= 1.1 A
(iii) Current, I n m ~ = 10 0
=100.{l
;i]X,-Xc
R
(iv) We know that, By comparing with e = e0 sin
rot
XL =roL
60 = (0.1) X (I) [·: L =0 .1 HJ ro =200 rad/s, e0 = 300 V
⇒
ro=600 rad/s Impedance
⇒
Z =1,....R_2 _+_(_X_L___X_c_)2__
⇒ 21tf =600 rad/s
f =9 5.5 Hz = 96 Hz
⇒

41. (i) Ap ply I= V IR to

. .. \

obtain current through the

pedance of capacitor and
= (30)
2
+(ml-~)'
· resistor, At resonance, im
cancelled. 2
inductor can be equated and 2
106
]
ion, = (30) +( 2o ox 0.7 -
Now according to the quest 20 0x 50

= ✓900 + (14 0-1 00 )

2 ⇒
Io = Peak value o"r current
= Peak value of voltage
Impedance
cuit
(a) Electric current in the cir _ eo 300
l=V R =V j =~ =0 .8 A -z =s o= 6A
_)°il ,f, R R 100
acitor, I c is_ equa! to the as that o
n
(b) Current through th~ cap they are m senes 43 . This is a similar questio
ilar me thod
current through resistor as ?ence, follow the sim
V, impedance and peak cur rent.
JR =le ⇒ 0.8 = ___f_
Xe O) z = 66.2 n (ii) Jo = 4.68
A
 .-. . ISC Sofved Papers : PHYS1r.
'-1:!IJl;,i- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - Chopterw1se ~

. also known as voltage

44. Given, V = l 00 V~ / = 50 Hz, I = 10 A, 45. (i) Quali~y fa~tor: cause the voltage across the
magmficat10n e d' · .
R =4!1 . . ductor in resonance con 1t1on 1s
capacitor or m
We know that, V =I Z Equal to Q-timcs the source ~o 1tage.
ss the capacitor m resonance conditiot'
where, Z= ✓R 2 +Xi (ii) :701tagel tacQro times the source voltage.
1s equa o -
' where, I is current and XL is impedance. Q=Vc IVs
t V · 100
Z=-=-=100
/ 10
. . Ve
10=-
100
Z=.JR2 +(XL)2 . Ve =IOOOV
⇒ (10)2 =(4) 2 +(XL)2 (iii) Q - Ve = 1000 =10 V
-Vs 100 ·
⇒ .J100-16 =XL
(iv) As, we know the voltage across the capacitor in
⇒ ✓84 =XL resonance condition is Equal to Q-times the source
⇒ XL =roL voltage. Hence, as the Q-factor increases, the
⇒ XL =21tfL voltage across the capacitor also increases.
(v) When the Q-factor decrease, the voltage ~cross the
⇒
L=XL ✓84, ·=29mH
inductor also decreases because the voltage~
2ef 21tx50
t?e inductor in resonance condition is equal to Q
times the source voltage.
 QJIMil§jTEST)
Mark Questions (MCQs)
~ Marks Qu-estions
An alternating emf is given by V = 200sin(50nt)V,
1 11 An AC voltage V = V0 sin rot is applied across a pure
The m1s value of the emf is
(a) 100✓2v (b) 200✓2 V capacitor C . Obtain an expression for the current/ in
the circuit and hence, obtain
(c) 100v (d) 200V
(i) the capacitive capacitance of the circuit.
2 The peak volta~e in an AC circuit is 707 V, Tite (ii) the phase of the current flowing with respect to
virtual voltage 1s the applied voltage.
(a) 70.7 V (b) 1000 V (c) S00 V (d)707 V
12 An AC voltage V = V0 sin rot is appJied across a pure
3 An ammeter in an AC circuit reads 4A. The inductor L. Obtain an expression for the current / in
maximum instantaneous magnitude of the current in the circuit and hence, obtain
the circuit is ·· (i) the inductive reactance of the circuit.
(a) 4A (b)4✓2A (c)8A · (d)8✓2A . , ··(ii) the phase of the current flowing with respect to
4 An AC having a peak value 1.41 is used to heat a · voltage.

of
.
wire. A DC producing the same.heating rate will be·
.'
: (!E Marks ·Q uestions
·.•.,··13An AC source of voltage V =Vm sin rot is ccmnected
i'!

(a) 1.41 A (b) 2.0 A

(c) 0.705 A (d) 1.0 A one-by-one to three circuit elements, X , Y and Z. It is
observed that the current flowing in them
Mark Questions (VSA) :_?:.. f". . ;,,_·-~,~~ -~ ...
- · 1/:,;ir -:' (i) is in phase with applied voltage for element X .
1
S The current.flowini through .a pure ~duc~iice ~f ; ·,\J,_,r;j (ii) leads the voltage in phase by 1t I 2 for element Y.
·2 mH ~-I= .C.Scos300t) A. What is the(~--~ a~d (,·;" ·(iii) lags the applied voltage in phase by 1t I 2 for
. _ (ii) ayeragµ .al~f -~ eg_tJor_;,~~pl~t-~.cy~le :__ element Z. Identify the three circuit elements.
if ,

6 Define the tenn.rms val~-of-th~~~-: H~~ . ' . 14 The figure given below shows ~ series L - C - R
, 1 circuit with L = I0.0 H,C = 40µF, R = 600 connected
related t~ p~v3?------~ _.
_ __,,,,,r . · ........rked as 110 V and to a variable frequency 240 V source. Calculate
7 The electnc · mam · a ho~e1s
· m .......
'·ti-"-'tor"' tantafie<>tis (i) the angular frequency of the source which drives
50 Hz. Write down 1:he equa ion or ms _. •, , . the circuit at resonance.
voltage. . (ii) the current at the resonating frequency.
aJ,ternating current ts (iii) the rms potential drop across the inductor at
8 The equation of an Calculate the peak value and resonance.
i = Scos(l007tt - ♦) A. ,· .. ,, . ·· , ~
4 • • •

frequency of AC.
. . ----_. --- ._.,.-..:-____.,__, . -~"~\!~r~_
Mork 5 Q uestions .. .
... ~ . 3 l 4t js appbed to a
.,.. 1. (a) -- - l· {c) .> 3
. 15 ,.._- . -
:·(b) ·
. ,
9 A sinusoidal vo ..tal
e V -~SID S. ( 1
) / =- A\ I ~·o
rmi
✓2 (ii) ~v

resistor ·of 10 C}. 8. SA , 502Hi 9, (")

.. I I
Calculate
(i) nns value o f ~ .
ltase
.
10. i
(ii) nns value of . ; • ircuit 11 given by U. (i) X L ,.. ro L ("")
. utreot ill a c find the rms value of , II Lags behind
lectnc c Ill" uine, K
10 Tbee 1[()for~ .otot• ·
• (i) x, ➔ Resistor (1·1·) y
13
I ==Io (t die period t ' lAI 1. , ➔ Cu
current for "· <) <oi.. "" SO rad/s