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Week 1 (5)

The document discusses secondary industries, which transform raw materials from primary industries into finished products, and categorizes them into light and heavy industries. It highlights the importance of industrial location factors such as raw materials, power supply, labor, and market access in determining where industries are established. Additionally, it distinguishes between sunrise industries, which are emerging and innovative, and sunset industries, which are declining and losing investor interest.

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11 views5 pages

Week 1 (5)

The document discusses secondary industries, which transform raw materials from primary industries into finished products, and categorizes them into light and heavy industries. It highlights the importance of industrial location factors such as raw materials, power supply, labor, and market access in determining where industries are established. Additionally, it distinguishes between sunrise industries, which are emerging and innovative, and sunset industries, which are declining and losing investor interest.

Uploaded by

rithika.rajkumar30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Premier Academy

IGCSE GEOGRAPHY
Digitized Notes Year 9
Week 1
Secondary Industries
Resources/References: - Nelson Key Geography Foundations
David. W. and Tony. B
………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………
Compiled By: - Jared Ogutu
SECONDARY INDUSTRIES

❖ Secondary industry is defined as the industry that deals with the raw
materials effectively collected by the primary industry so that they can convert
them into finished products. These finished goods are in turn sold by Tertiary
industries in the consumer market.

❖ In an economy, the industrial sector is dominated by the production and


manufacturing finished products.

Examples include:

steel production,
automobile
manufacturing
Telecommunications
Car assembly
Food processing

Other classification of secondary industries

Light (consumer) industries

Light industries typically involve the production of small consumer goods.


They often focus on manufacturing products that are lighter in weight and smaller in
size, such as:
textiles,
electronics
food processing.
Clothing
toys
Characteristics :
• Make small products, mainly for individuals to buy.
• Most are small-scale, suitable for factory units on industrial estates.
• Only a limited amount of investment capital is needed.

Heavy industries

Heavy industries are characterized by the production of large and heavy products or
the use of heavy machinery.
These industries usually require significant capital investment and are more labor-
intensive. Examples include:
steel manufacturing,
Shipbuilding
Aerospace
Machine tool building
Locomotive manufacturing
Chemical production
Construction of large buildings and infrastructure

Characteristics :
● Large-scale industries.
● Big plants covering large areas of land.
● Capital intensive, big investment needed to set them up.
● Make large products often bought by other manufacturing companies

Sun rise and Sunset industries


Sunrise industry is a new, emerging industry often using new, innovative technology.
Eg. hydrogen fuel production, petrochemical industry, food processing industry, space
tourism, and online encyclopedias.

Whereas, a sunset industry is an industry that is declining, one that has passed its
peak/boom periods, and may result in structural unemployment due to changes in
technology or automation. Steel and ship building, Oil and gas extraction, Traditional
"snail mail", Newspaper and broadcasting industry, and traditional banking.

New, high-tech, electronics-based industries are replacing sunset industries.

OR

Sunset industries are established and losing interest from investors, while sunrise
industries are growing rapidly and expected to be a future economic mainstay.

NB: This is the key sector that has the potential to change world economies.

Industrial location factors

❖ Different industries require different inputs. Industries are more likely to locate
where these inputs are readily and cheaply available.
❖ Factors that influence where an industry is located include:

● Raw materials
● power supply
● communications - including transport, telecommunications
● labor supply - including workers with the right skills
● access to market - where the goods are sold
● grants and financial incentives - usually from governments
● water
● site

FACTORS AFFECTING THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES

Raw materials

• Nearness to the sources of raw materials would reduce the cost of production of
the industry
• For example, most of the agro-based and forest-based industries are located in
the vicinity of the sources of raw material supply

Power supply

• Most of the industries tend to concentrate at the source of power.

• Coal, mineral oil, and hydroelectricity are the three important conventional
sources of power.

Water:
Water is another important requirement for industries. Many industries are
established near rivers, canals and lakes, because of this reason.
Iron and steel industry, textile industries and chemical industries require large
quantities of water, for their proper functioning.

Communication

• Industries are located where there is efficient communication to stay in touch


with their suppliers and their consumers.
• Well-developed communication systems also lower the transport cost .

Labor supply
• All factories depend on labor.

Labor supply is important in two respects


(a) workers in large numbers are often required;
(b) people with skill or technical expertise are needed.
• Some factories use low-skilled labor and others use highly skilled, specialist
workers.
• Therefore, factories are located near towns and cities, often in industrial estates,
to be close to workers.

Access to market

Nearness to the market is essential for quick disposal of manufactured goods.


Markets provide places where industries can sell their finished products so
many industries are located near the markets

It helps in reducing the transport cost and enables the consumer to get things
at cheaper rates.

Transport:
Transport by land or water is necessary for the assembly of raw materials and
for the marketing of the finished products.
The development of railways in India, connecting the port towns with hinterland
determined the location of many industries around Kolkata, Mumbai and
Chennai.

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