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Exception Handling

An exception is an event that disrupts the normal flow of a program, represented as a Python object. Exception handling in Python uses try and except blocks to manage these errors and prevent program crashes, with common exceptions including ZeroDivisionError and ValueError. The try...finally block ensures certain code runs regardless of exceptions, and the raise keyword allows for manually triggering exceptions when specific conditions are met.

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2 views

Exception Handling

An exception is an event that disrupts the normal flow of a program, represented as a Python object. Exception handling in Python uses try and except blocks to manage these errors and prevent program crashes, with common exceptions including ZeroDivisionError and ValueError. The try...finally block ensures certain code runs regardless of exceptions, and the raise keyword allows for manually triggering exceptions when specific conditions are met.

Uploaded by

justthat710
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exception Handling

What is an Exception?

An exception is an event that occurs during the execution of a program that disrupts the
normal flow of instructions.

Whenever an exception occurs, the program


stops the execution, and thus the further code
is not executed. Therefore, an exception is a Python object that represents an error.

Exception Handling

Exception Handling is the process of responding to and managing exceptions in a controlled


manner to prevent the program from crashing.

Python uses try and except blocks to handle exceptions.

Syntax

try:
# Code that may raise an exception
except ExceptionType:
# Code that handles the exception

Examples
except Statement with No Exception Type

In Python, the except statement can be used without specifying any exception type. This
allows it to catch all exceptions, regardless of their type.

Example

try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: ")) # Code that may cause an exception
result = 10 / num
except:
print("An error occurred. Something went wrong.")

Common Exceptions

1. ZeroDivisionError: Occurs when a number is divided by zero.


2. ValueError : Raised when a function receives an argument of the correct type but
with an invalid value.

3. TypeError : Raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of an


inappropriate type.

4. NameError: It occurs when a name is not found. It may be local or global.

5. IOError: It occurs when Input Output operation fails.

6. EOFError: It occurs when the end of the file is reached, and yet operations are being
performed.

7. FileNotFoundError: Raised when trying to open a file that does not exist.

8. IndentationError : Raised when the indentation of the code is incorrect.

try...finally Block

In Python, the try...finally block provides a structured way to handle errors (exceptions) and
ensure some code always runs.

Syntax

try:
# Code that may raise an exception
except ExceptionType:
# Code to handle the exception
else:
# Code to run if there is no exception
finally:
# Code that runs no matter what

Explanation of Each Block

1. try:
This block contains code that might raise an exception (error).

2. except:
This block runs only if an exception occurs in the try block.

3. else:
This block runs only if no exception occurs in the try block.

4. finally:
This block runs no matter what happens, whether an exception occurs or not.

Example

try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: ")) # Code that may cause an exception
result = 10 / num

except ZeroDivisionError: # Handles division by zero


print("Error: Cannot divide by zero.")

except ValueError: # Handles invalid input


print("Error: Invalid input. Please enter a number.")

else:
# Runs only if no exception occurs
print("Success! Result =”, result)

finally:
# Always runs
print("Execution completed.")

Raise

The raise keyword is used to manually raise an exception in Python.

You want to stop a function or program if a specific condition is met. You can raise an
exception to inform the user or stop execution.

Example

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))


if age < 0:
raise ValueError("Age cannot be negative!")
print("Your age is:", age)

Output:

1. When input is valid like 25:


Your age is: 25

2. When input is Negative like -5:


ValueError: Age cannot be negative!
Here, the raise statement directly triggers the exception without handling it.

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