Scribd
Upload
6 views

Abstract & Introduction (Experiment IV)

The experiment aimed to investigate the solubility of benzoic acid at different temperatures and calculate its heat of solution using titration methods. Results showed that solubility increases with temperature, and the heat of solution was determined to be -8144.40 kJ/mol, indicating an exothermic dissolution process. The study highlights the importance of enthalpy changes in understanding solubility and energy dynamics in chemical reactions.

Uploaded by

ujirhonicholas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Abstract & Introduction (Experiment IV)

The experiment aimed to investigate the solubility of benzoic acid at different temperatures and calculate its heat of solution using titration methods. Results showed that solubility increases with temperature, and the heat of solution was determined to be -8144.40 kJ/mol, indicating an exothermic dissolution process. The study highlights the importance of enthalpy changes in understanding solubility and energy dynamics in chemical reactions.

Uploaded by

ujirhonicholas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

​ABSTRACT

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the solubility of benzoic acid at various temperatures and to
calculate its heat of solution. The experiment involved using a saturated solution of benzoic acid and
employing the titration method with a 0.1M NaOH solution and phenolphthalein indicator. This process was
carried out at 34°C and 56°C by heating the solution in a 250ml conical flask and conducting the titration at
equilibrium. Various variables such as temperatures, initial and final mass, initial and final volumes of the
solution before and after titration were considered in order to determine the solubility of benzoic acid and the
enthalpy of dissolution.

The results indicated a direct relationship between solubility and temperature, with the solubility of benzoic
acid increasing as the temperature rose. The heat of solution (∆H) was determined using the van’t Hoff
equation, with known solubilities at two different temperatures, yielding a value of -8144.40 kJ/mol. The
negative value of ∆H suggests that the dissolution of benzoic acid is an exothermic process. Additionally, it was
noted that the energy of hydration is considerably lower than the energies associated with the breaking of
bonds of water molecules and benzoic acid molecules.

Introduction
The heat of solution, also called enthalpy of dissolution, is the energy change when a substance dissolves in a
solvent at constant pressure. It's crucial for understanding solubility, which measures how much of a
substance can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent (usually in mol/L). The substance being dissolved is
called the solute, while the liquid doing the dissolving is the solvent.
When one mole of a solute dissolves in a solvent, it either absorbs or releases energy. If it absorbs energy, the
solution cools down (endothermic reaction), and if it releases energy, the solution warms up (exothermic
reaction). We can measure this change in energy using a titration method and by tracking the solution's
temperature.
Solutions are everywhere in nature, and energy changes are essential for any reaction to occur. The ease of
dissolving something depends on factors like temperature and the nature of the solution. Generally, when
something dissolves, the system's entropy increases.
We can't measure the total energy of a system directly, but we can measure the change in energy (∆H). A
positive change means it's an endothermic reaction, while a negative change means it's exothermic. Enthalpy
is a useful concept because it simplifies how we describe energy changes in various measurements.

OR

The heat of solution, also known as enthalpy of dissolution or enthalpy of solution, refers to the change in
enthalpy that occurs when a substance dissolves in a solvent at constant pressure, resulting in infinite
dilution. It is a crucial component of solubility analysis, with solubility representing the quantity of a specific
substance that can dissolve in a given solvent, usually measured in mol/L. A solvent is capable of dissolving
other substances (solutes), while the solute is the substance being dissolved or the component of a solution
that changes its state.
For a given solute, the heat of solution represents the energy change when one mole of the solute dissolves in
a solvent. During the process of dissolution, solutes can either absorb or release energy. If solutes absorb
energy from the solvent during dissolution, the solution becomes colder, indicating an endothermic reaction.
Conversely, if solutes release energy to the solvent, the solution becomes warmer, indicating an exothermic
reaction. By employing a titration method to determine solubility and measuring the temperature change of
the solution during dissolution, the heat of solution can be calculated.
Solutions are prevalent in nature, and for any reaction to occur, there must be an accompanying change in
energy. The ease of dissolution depends on the temperature and the type of solution, whether it is
endothermic or exothermic. Typically, when dissolution occurs, the entropy of the system increases.
Determining the heat of solution (enthalpy change) is important as it accounts for the energy transferred to
the environment through the expansion of the system under study.
Although the total enthalpy of a system cannot be directly measured, the change in enthalpy (∆H) is a more
practical and relevant quantity than its absolute value. A positive change in enthalpy signifies an endothermic
reaction, while a negative change indicates an exothermic process. Enthalpy is a thermodynamic potential, a
state function, and an extensive quantity, often preferred for describing energy changes in chemical,
biological, and physical measurements due to its simplification of energy transfer descriptions.

You might also like