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Important Years in NCERT-Biology Class 12

The document outlines significant years and events related to various chapters in NCERT Biology for Class 12, highlighting key developments in reproductive health, inheritance, molecular biology, evolution, food production, biotechnology, biodiversity, and environmental issues. Notable milestones include the introduction of the Family Planning Programme in 1951, the discovery of DNA's structure in 1953, and the enforcement of the Environment (Protection) Act in 1986. The timeline spans from the 19th century to the early 21st century, showcasing advancements in biological sciences and environmental conservation.

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57 views3 pages

Important Years in NCERT-Biology Class 12

The document outlines significant years and events related to various chapters in NCERT Biology for Class 12, highlighting key developments in reproductive health, inheritance, molecular biology, evolution, food production, biotechnology, biodiversity, and environmental issues. Notable milestones include the introduction of the Family Planning Programme in 1951, the discovery of DNA's structure in 1953, and the enforcement of the Environment (Protection) Act in 1986. The timeline spans from the 19th century to the early 21st century, showcasing advancements in biological sciences and environmental conservation.

Uploaded by

pagot88548
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Important Years in NCERT-Biology | Class 12

cbsebiology4u.com/class-12/important-years-in-ncert-biology-class-12

Chapter 4 – Reproductive Health

1951 Introduction of Family Planning Programme by Government of India.

1971 Government of India legalised MTP.

2017 The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act.

Chapter 5 – Principles of Inheritance and Variation

1856- Hybridisation experiments on garden peas by Gregor Mendel.


1863

1865 Publication of work done be Mendel.

1900 de Vries, Correns and von Tschermak independently rediscovered Mendel’s


results on the inheritance of characters.

1902 Understanding of chromosomal movement during meiosis.

1891 Experiments by Henking on insects led to the discovery of X-body.

1866 First description of Down’s syndrome (Trisomy 21) by Langdon Down.

Chapter 6 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance

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1869 Indentification of DNA as an acidic substance present in nucleus (Nuclein) by
Freirich Meischer.

1953 Watson and Crick proposed the sinple but famous Double Helix structure of
DNA.

1928 Frederick Griffith’s Transforming principle experiment.

1933- Biochemical Characterisation of Transforming Principle by Oswald Avery,


1944 Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty.

1952 Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase’s experiment with bacteriophase to prove
DNA being the genetic material.

1953 Watson and Crick suggested the semiconservative mode of DNA replication.

1958 Experimental proof of semiconservative mode of DNA replication by Matthew


Meselson and Franklin Stahl.

1958 Experiments on n Vicia faba (faba beans) by Taylor and colleagues to proove
DNA replicates semiconservatively.

1900 Launch of Human Genome Project.

2003 Completion of Human genome project.

2006 The sequence of chromosome-1 was completed.

Chapter 7 – Evolution

1953 S.L. Miller conducted his experiment to prove the concept of chemical evolution.

Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

1963 High yielding disease resistent wheat varities like Sonalika and Kalyan Sona
were introduced.

Chapter 11 – Biotechnology – Principles and Processes

1972 Construction of the first recombinant DNA by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer.

1963 Isolation of two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage
in Escherichia coli. (Isolation of Restriction Endonuclease).

Chapter 12 – Biotechnology and its application

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1983 First genetically engineered insulin developed by American Company Eli Lily.

1990 The first clinical gene therapy was done for a 4 year old girl with ADA
deficiency.

1997 The first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4
grams per litre).

1997 An American company got patent rights on Basmati rice through the US Patent
and Trademark Office.

Chapter 15 – Biodiversity and Conservation

1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (‘The Earth Summit’) held in Rio de Janeiro.

2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development.

Chapter 16 – Environmental Issues

1986 Enforcement of Environment (Protection) Act to protect and improve the quality
of our environment (air, water and soil) by Government of India.

1981 Enforcement of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.

1987 Ammendement of Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act to include noise
as an air pollutant.

1974 Enforcement of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 to


safeguard our water resources in India.

1987 The Montreal Protocol, was signed at Montreal (Canada) to control the emission
of ozone depleting substances (effective in 1989) .

1988 Introduction of National Forest Policy of India.

1974 Chipko Movement of Garhwal Himalayas.

1980 Government of India introduced the concept of Joint Forest Management (JFM),
where the government could work closely with the local communities for
pretecting and managing forests.

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