evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  117

XvKv †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg”n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U
Kjg Øviv m¤“”Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. †Kv_vq mZ¨ cÖPvi Ki‡Z †M‡j nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) cÖ¯@ivNv‡Z AvnZ nb?  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 17 I 18bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E g°vq F Zv‡q‡d G gw`bvq H †RÏvq †mB g‡b c‡o •R¨‡ôi S‡o iv‡Î bvwn‡Kv Nyg,
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 2 I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : AwZ †fv‡i DwV ZvovZvwo QzwU Avg Kzovevi ayg|
wPov e‡jv, gywo e‡jv fv‡Zi mgvb bq 17. KweZvskwU †Zvgvi cwVZ †Kvb KweZvi fve‡K aviY K‡i‡Q?
gvwm e‡jv, wcwm e‡jv gv‡qi mgvb bq| E †mBw`b GB gvV F K‡cvZv¶ b` G cwjÐRbbx H Avgvi cwiPq
2. DÏxc‡K Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi †Kvb fvlvi Myi‚Z¡‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 18. D³ fve †h Pi‡Y cÖwZdwjZÑ
E Aviwe F dviwm G evsjv H wnw›` E c„w_exi Gme Mí †eu‡P i‡e wPiKvj
3. DÏxc‡Ki g”jfve wb‡Pi †Kvb Pi‡Yi m‡½ mv`„k¨c”Y©? F I‡i gyL‡cvov †Kv_v wM‡qwQwj Ggwb G Kvwj muv‡S
E †`wk fvlv Dc‡`k g‡b wnZ AwZ F Aviwe dviwm wn‡›` bvB `yB gZ G Avwg evsjvi Avjc_ w`‡q nvRvi eQi Pwj
G †`wk fvlv we`¨v hvi g‡b b Ryqvq H Aviwe dviwm kv‡¯¿ bvB `yB gZ H wKš‘ G †ø‡ni Z…òv wg‡U Kvi R‡j
4. cÖg_ †PŠayixi g‡Z, Avgv‡`i †`‡k jvB‡eªwii mv_©K Zv Kx‡mi PvB‡Z Kg bq? 19. ÔKvivi‚× AvnviZ…ßÕ gvby‡li g”j¨ KZUzKz?ÑGB gvbyl Kviv?
E ¯‥z‡ji F K‡j‡Ri G nvmcvZv‡ji H wek¦we`¨vj‡qi E hviv wk¶vi Kv‡R e¨¯@ F hviv A_© mvabvq e¨¯@
5. ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq †jwLKvi g‡b ÔcvlvY fviÕ-Gi KviY Kx? G hviv Rxebmvabvq e¨¯@ H hviv mgvRmsmv‡i e¨¯@
E Pviw`b a‡i gyljav‡i e„wó _vKvq F AÜ k¦ï‡ii Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y 20. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Ôdziv‡q G‡m‡Q †ZjÕ cO&w³wU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
G Rvgx ¯‥z‡j †h‡Z bv cvivq H gyw³hy‡×i Kvi‡Y Aw¯’iZv ïi‚ nIqvq E iv‡Zi Aemvb n‡q‡Q F evwZi †Zj dzwi‡q Avm‡Q
6. `my¨i f‡qi †P‡qI ivbvi m”h© IVv‡K †ewk fq cvq †Kb? G wPwKrmvi UvKv dzwi‡q †M‡Q H g„Zz¨ Nwb‡q Avm‡Q
E PvKwi nviv‡bvi Rb¨ F WvK bv cvIqvi f‡q 21. ÔRvb w`gy Zey avb w`gy bv|ÕÑ Dw³wUi fvev‡_©i cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q ÔewncxiÕ
G `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai Kvi‡Y H evwo †divi Zvov _vKvq bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Î?
7. ggZvw` KZ UvKv gvB‡b Avkv K‡iwQj? E Zv‡niv F ewncxi G †Lv‡`Rv H nv‡kg

E 10 UvKv F 12 UvKv G 15 UvKv H 18 UvKv 22. wbgMvQ evwoi cv‡k MRv‡j weÁiv Lywk nb †Kb?
E GUv †`L‡Z my›`i F GUv AvKv‡i †Qv‡Uv
8. ÔH gw›`i c”Rvixi, nvq †`eZv, †Zvgvi bqÕÑ G e³‡e¨ fzLvwii †Kvb
G GUvi hZœ wb‡Z nq bv H GUv DcKvix
g‡bvfve cÖKvk cvq?
E wa°vi F cÖwZev` G dwiqv` H AmnvqZ¡
23. †jwLKvi †eW-mvBW †Uwe‡j Kvwj`vwb‡Z Kx dz‡ji Kwj ivLv wQj?
E eyKvwbqvi F cvmKvwj G j¨v †fÛvi H ewb wcÖÝ
9. ÔmI`vM‡ii wWOvi eniÕ †Kvb HwZ‡n¨i aviK?
24. Kcv‡j Kwâ‡Z jvj mvjy †eu‡a Kviv G‡mwQj?
E wk‡íi F we‡`ªv‡ni
E Dj½ K…lK F Ki‚Y †Kivwb
G e¨vemv-evwY‡R¨i H wPÎKjv
G †jvnvi kÖwgK H wkï cvZv-Kzovwbiv
10. †Lv‡`Rvi eyK Kuv‡c †Kb?
25. hy‡× k΂iv KLb †n‡i hvq?
E ¯^vgxi Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi f‡q F ¯^vgxi Amy¯’Zvi K_v ï‡b
E mevB HK¨e× n‡j F •mb¨ msL¨v †ewk n‡j
G †Q‡j Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq ï‡b
G AvaywbK A¯¿ _vK‡j H DbœZ cÖwk¶Y _vK‡j
H Zv‡niv wci mv‡n‡ei gy‡Li Ici K_v e‡j‡Q e‡j
26. myfv †MuvmvB‡`i †Q‡j cÖZvc‡K Avðh© Kivi †Póv Ki‡Z PvB‡Zv KviYÑ
11. †Kvb ai‡bi cÖe‡Ü welqe¯‘ cÖvavb¨ cvq? i. wb‡Ri Myi‚Z¡ cÖKv‡ki Avkvq ii. wbQK Avb›` †`Iqvi AwfcÖv‡q
E Zš§q F gš§q G ig¨ H wewPÎ
iii. Zvi g‡b GKUz RvqMv K‡i †bIqvi †jv‡f
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 12 I 13bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N”wY©So wmÎvs-G MvQPvcv c‡o wbRvg‡`i cwiev‡ii mevB gviv †M‡jI E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
fvM¨µ‡g †eu‡P †Mj wbRvg| †m GLb iv¯@vi cvMj| 27. `» N‡ii boe‡o LyuwU a‡i `uvwo‡q Av‡Q †K?
12. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbv‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q? E †gvjÐvevwoi GK weaev F _yÌy‡i GKey‡ov
E ivRvKvi‡`i AZ¨vPvi F K‡jiv gnvgvwi G GK Abv_ wK‡kvix H mvwKbv wewe
G ev¼v‡i gvBb we‡ùviY H wgwjUvwi‡`i wbôziZv 28. `y¤^vi gvs‡mi Mvgjvq †KvbwU‡K †jL‡Ki †Pv‡L AcvO&‡³q g‡b n‡q‡Q?
13. DÏxc‡Ki ÔwbRvgÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡ZvÑ E ev`vg F wKmwgm G gvsm H Avjy
i. GwZg ii. mvnmx iii. Amnvq  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? dz‡ji M‡Ü Nyg Av‡m bv, GKjv †R‡M iB,
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii gv‡Mv Avgvi †Kv‡ji Kv‡Q KvRjv w`w` KB?
14. wkwk‡ii R‡j †Kvb dzj †fRvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? 29. DÏxc‡K cÖKvwkZ fve ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †Kvb w`KwU Bw½Z K‡i?
E K`g dzj F wkDwj dzj G wnRj dzj H PvjZv dzj E cwjÐcÖK…wZ F •kk‡ei `yiš@cbv
15. Ôm”h©v¯@ AvBbÕ KZ mv‡j cÖYxZ nq? G fvB-†ev‡bi m¤“K© H evev-gv‡qi kvk¦Ziƒc
E 1791 mv‡j F 1792 mv‡j G 1793 mv‡j H 1794 mv‡j 30. DÏxc‡K ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi †h w`KMy‡jv Abycw¯’ZÑ
16. Kwe †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Ômsmvi mgiv½YÕ ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? i. `vwi‡`ª¨i wPÎ ii. Kzms¯‥vi iii. cÖK…wZ NwbôZv
E hyׇ¶Î‡K F RxebhyׇK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
G cÖwZ‡iva hyׇK H Aw¯@Z¡ i¶v‡K E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  118

XvKv †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj) welq †KvW 1 0 1
[2023 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c”Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi h_vh_ DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU,
L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU I N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwUmn †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi
Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `”lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| Rš§ †_‡KB myjZvbvi Wvb nvZ Ges Wvb cv GKiKg A‡K‡Rv| †ewk¶Y nuvU‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖvq me Kv‡RB Kv‡iv bv Kv‡iv mvnvh¨ wb‡Z nq|
Ab¨‡`i g‡Zv ¯^vfvweK bv nIqvq †KD Zvi mv‡_ wgk‡Z PvBZ bv Ges †LjvI KiZ bv| wKš‘ myjZvbv g‡bvej nvivqwb| Wvb nv‡Z kw³ bv
_vKvq †m evg nv‡Z †jLv‡jwL K‡i| cov‡kvbv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L gva¨wgK I D‛P gva¨wg‡Ki MwÊ †cwi‡q †m GLb øvZ‡K fwZ© n‡q‡Q|
K. ÔAwb‡glÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. Kv‡jv †PvL‡K wKQz ZR©gv Ki‡Z nq bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki myjZvbvi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki myjZvbv Pwi‡Îi †h w`KwU myfvi g‡a¨ Abycw¯’Z, †mwUB Zvi Ki‚Y cwiYwZi g”j KviYÓÑ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
2| iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii †Q‡j‡ejvq eª‡Rk¦i wQj Zuv‡`i evwoi PvKi‡`i m`©vi| evwoi †Qv‡Uv‡`i ZË¡veavb I Lvevi cwi‡e‡ki `vwqZ¡ wQj eª‡Rk¦‡ii
Ici| †Qv‡Uviv †L‡Z em‡j †m mKj‡K GKwU GKwU K‡i jywP Avj‡Mv‡Q `ywj‡q wR‡Ám KiZ Avi †`‡e wK bv| iex›`ªbv_ Zvi g‡bvfve eyS‡Z
†c‡i jywP, `ya BZ¨vw` Lvev‡i wb‡Ri Abxnv cÖKvk Ki‡Zb| †eu‡P hvIqv Gme Lvevi P‡j †hZ eª‡Rk¦‡ii Avjgvwi‡Z|
K. Ave`yi ingvb Kvi g‡Zv †jL‡Ki gykwKj-Avmvb Ki‡e? 1
L. Ave`yi ingvb Zvi †Muvd Kvwg‡q †djvi K_v e‡jwQj †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki eª‡Rk¦i Ges ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi gv‡S AvPiYMZ †h •emv`„k¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi g”j fve‡K Zz‡j ai‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3| wjRv I †bnv `yB evÜexB mvwnZ¨‡cÖgx, Z‡e GKUz wfbœ cÖK…wZi| wjRv •ah© a‡i NÈvi ci NÈv GKUvbv eB co‡Z AvMÖnx bq| Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨
c‡o †kl Kiv hvq Ggb †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv we‡kl NUbvB wjRv‡K Avb›` †`q| Aciw`‡K †bnvi cQ›` mvwn‡Z¨i me‡P‡q cÖvPxb kvLvwU| mgvR‡K
mivmwi cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z m¶g nq e‡j mvwn‡Z¨i GB kvLvwU †bnvi GZ fv‡jv jv‡M|
K. ÔmvwnZ¨ m›`k©bÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? 1
L. ga¨hy‡M iwPZ g½jKve¨mg”n‡K Dcb¨vm ejv hvq bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wjRv‡K mvwn‡Z¨i †h kvLvwU Avb›` †`q †mwU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxb kvLvwU‡K †bnvi fv‡jv jvMvi KviYwU KZLvwb †h․w³K e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K
†Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
4| (i) cÖPwjZ wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv wn‡m‡e wek¦we`¨vjq ev †Kv‡bv cÖvwZôvwbK wWwMÖ Qvov MyMjKg©xi msL¨v w`b w`b evo‡Q| MyM‡ji wKQz wKQz wU‡g
14 kZvsk Kg©xi cÖvwZôvwbK †Kv‡bv wWwMÖ †bB| hviv cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v bv †c‡qI wb‡Ri cÖwZfv Ges g¾vMZ †gavi mdj cÖ‡qvM K‡i
Kg©‡¶‡Î wb‡R‡`i †hvM¨Zv cÖgvY Ki‡Q, cwðgv we‡k¦ Giv ÔmvD_ †cvjviÕ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
(ii) eB cov m¤“‡K© wej †MUm e‡j‡Qb, Ò†Qv‡Uv‡ejv †_‡KB Avgvi A‡bK ¯^cœ wQj| Avi GB ¯^cœ †c‡qwQjvg eB †_‡K| Avgvi N‡i, Awd‡m,
Mvwo‡Z me©ÎB Avgvi m‡½ _v‡K eB|Ó
K. cÖg_ †P․ayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg Kx wQj? 1
L. Òe¨vwaB msµvgK, ¯^v¯’¨ bq|ÓÑ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-Gi ÔmvD_ †cvjviÕ e¨w³iv ÔeB covÕ cÖeÜ Abymv‡i Kv‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK (ii)-Gi e³e¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki fvebvi LwÊZ cÖwZdjb gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| hviv fv‡jvev‡m Zviv hy‡× hvq,
hviv hy‡× hvq mK‡j wd‡i Av‡m bv|
Ges hviv gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Av‡mÑ
Zv‡`i Szwj‡Z eY©gvjvi b”cyi,
†XuwK‡Z wK‡kvix cv, Wz‡i kvwo Nv‡mi dwos|
K. kvnevRcy‡ii †Rvqvb K…lK †K? 1
L. ÒZuvi †Pv‡Li wb‡P Aciv‡nœi `ye©j Av‡jvi wSwjKÓÑ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Y Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwUi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avmv mš@vbivB Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq †ZwR Zi‚‡Yi f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡qwQjÓÑ
gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY K‡iv| 4
6| Avgvi †`‡ki gvwU‡Z †gkv‡bv Avgvi cÖv‡Yi NÖvY
†M․iegq Rxe‡bi m¤§vb|
cÖvY-¯“›`‡b j¶ Zi‚i K‡i
RxebcÖevn mÂvwi gg©‡i,
e‡¶ RvMv‡q AvMvgx w`‡bi AvkvÑ
Avgvi †`‡ki G gvwU gayi, gayi Avgvi fvlv|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  119

K. m‡b‡Ui Aó‡K Kx _v‡K? 1

L. ÔAvi wK †n n‡e †`Lv?ÕÑ Kwe Giƒc mskq cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ewY©Z mv`„‡k¨i w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq we‡kl w`‡Ki mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI Avw½K I †PZbvMZ cv_©K¨ ¯“ó|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi †h․w³K g”j¨vqb
K‡iv| 4
7| g‡b nq GKw`b AvKv‡ki ïKZviv †`wLe bv Avi;
†`wLe bv †n‡jÂvi †Suvc †_‡K GKSvo †RvbvwK KLb
wb‡f hvqÑ †`wLe bv Avi Avwg GB cwiwPZ euvkeb,
ïK‡bv euv‡ki cvZv-QvIqv gvwU n‡q hv‡e Mfxi Auvavi
Avgvi †Pv‡Li Kv‡QÑ j²xc”wY©gvi iv‡Z †m K‡e Avevi|
K. j²x‡cuPvi K‡É Kx aŸwbZ nq? 1
L. Ô†mvbvi ¯^‡cœi mvaÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †g․wjK †cÖiYv DÏxc‡Ki wPÎK‡í Kxfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvÑ Dfq‡¶‡ÎB Kwei RxebZ…òv‡K Awfbœ ejv hvq wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| P›`ªcyi MÖv‡g †mw`b fxlY hy× nw‛Qj| `yc‡¶ cÖPÊ †MvjvMywj Pj‡Q| cvKevwnbx †mw`b wQj myweavRbK Ae¯’vq| d‡j ev¼v‡i _vKv
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i wcQz nUv Qvov Dcvq wQj bv| wKš‘ †KD GKRb e¨vKAvc bv w`‡j Ab¨‡`i c‡¶ wbivc‡` m‡i hvIqv m¤¢e wQj bv| ZLb wbf©‡ q
GwM‡q G‡jv mevi †Qv‡Uv wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v Avey mv‡jK| Zvi †QvÆ Kuv‡a Zz‡j wbj wekvj GK `vwqZ¡| µgvMZ Mywj Ki‡Z jvMj cvKevwnbxi
K¨v¤“ j¶¨ K‡i| Avi †mB Aem‡i wbivc` AvkÖ‡q m‡i †Mj Ab¨ gyw³‡hv×viv|
K. Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb Kx? 1
L. eyavi Kv‡Q Av‡jv-Auvavi `y‡UvB mgvb †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avey mv‡j‡Ki mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi Awfbœ •ewkó¨Ñ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mvgwMÖKZv wPÎvq‡b A¶g|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9| (i) ¯^vaxbZv bvgK kãwU
fivU Mjvq `xß D‛PviY K‡i evievi
Z…wß †c‡Z PvB|...........
¯^vaxbZv kã GZ wcÖq †h Avgvi
KL‡bv Rvwbwb Av‡M|
(ii) ÔAvevi Avme wd‡iÕ e‡j mRxe wK‡kvi
kv‡U©i Avw¯@b `ª‚Z †MvUv‡Z †MvUv‡Z
†úvMv‡bi wbfuvR DjÐv‡m
evievi wg‡k hvq bZzb wgwQ‡j, †d‡i bv Avi|
K. eyav Kx‡m eyK DRvo K‡i †`q? 1
L. Ôhy× QvovI giY _v‡KÕÑ Kzwš@ GK_v e‡jwQj †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-Gi †PZbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ †Kvb w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c”Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK (ii)-Gi wK‡kv‡ii •ewkó¨B ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m kvnveywχbi g‡b eyavi Qwe AuvKevi †cÖiYv RywM‡qwQj|ÓÑ Dw³wU g”j¨vqb
K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| `wi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y Kzm‡y gi evev †g‡qi cov‡jLvi LiP Avi Pvjv‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| ZvB wZwb KviI gZvgZ bv wb‡qB cv‡ki MÖv‡gi eq¯‥ I
wecZœxK iRe wgqvi mv‡_ Zvi ¯‥zjco~qv †g‡qi we‡q wVK K‡i Av‡mb| cov‡jLvq AvMÖnx Kzmgy Ggb we‡q‡Z cÖej AvcwË Rvbv‡jI †KD Zvi
B‛Qvi Myi‚Z¡ †`q bv| Kzm‡y gi ¯‥zj-wk¶K me NUbv Rvb‡Z †c‡i we‡qi w`b 999-G Kj K‡i cÖkvm‡bi mnvqZvq Kzm‡y gi evj¨we‡q †VKv‡Z
m¶g nb| †mB mv‡_ wZwb Kzmy‡gi cov‡jLvi hveZxq LiP wb‡R enb Kivi Avk¦vm †`b|
K. Ô†Qv‡Uv gy‡L e‡ov K_vÕÑ †K e‡jwQj? 1
L. ÒBnv civwRZ k΂i †kl `vweÓÑ K_vwU †Kvb cÖm‡½ ejv n‡qwQj? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ¯‥zj-wk¶K †Kvb w`K †_‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji mv‡_ Zzjbxq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Kzmyg‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi m¤“”Y© cÖwZiƒc ejv hvq wK? †Zvgvi †h․w³K gZvgZ `vI| 4
11| cÖwZeQi eb¨vq euva †f‡½ MÖvg cÐvweZ nq| i³ cvwb Kiv †mvbvi dmj, gvbyl, †Mvi‚ me eb¨vq fvwm‡q wb‡q hvq| •`ewek¦v‡mi Ici fi K‡i
MÖv‡gi gvZeŸi iwng m`©vi Gevi euva i¶vi Rb¨ Pvwl‡`i‡K GKRb bvgKiv wc‡ii kiYvcbœ n‡Z civgk© †`b| c¶vš@‡i MÖv‡gi wkw¶Z hyeK
gwZ gv÷vi GK`j †jvK wb‡q cÖPÊ So-e„wó mn¨ K‡i iv‡Zi g‡a¨B gvwU †K‡U euva gReyZ K‡i| cÖvK…wZK wech©‡qi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq MÖv‡gi
gvby‡li K‡ói †mvbvi dmj|
K. bvU‡Ki cÖvY †KvbwU? 1
L. ÒbZzb GK Rxe‡bi ¯^v` †c‡qwQ|ÓÑ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iwng m`©v‡ii civgk© ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb w`KwU Bw½Z K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj mgv_©K PwiÎ n‡q D‡V‡Q wK? †Zvgvi g‡Zi mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  120

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 Rš§ †_‡KB myjZvbvi Wvb nvZ Ges Wvb cv GKiKg A‡K‡Rv| †ewk¶Y nuvU‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖvq me Kv‡RB Kv‡iv bv Kv‡iv
mvnvh¨ wb‡Z nq| Ab¨‡`i g‡Zv ¯^vfvweK bv nIqvq †KD Zvi mv‡_ wgk‡Z PvBZ bv Ges †LjvI KiZ bv| wKš‘ myjZvbv g‡bvej
nvivqwb| Wvb nv‡Z kw³ bv _vKvq †m evg nv‡Z †jLv‡jwL K‡i| cov‡kvbv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L gva¨wgK I D‛P gva¨wg‡Ki MwÊ †cwi‡q †m
GLb øvZ‡K fwZ© n‡q‡Q|
K. ÔAwb‡glÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. Kv‡jv †PvL‡K wKQz ZR©gv Ki‡Z nq bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki myjZvbvi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki myjZvbv Pwi‡Îi †h w`KwU myfvi g‡a¨ Abycw¯’Z, †mwUB Zvi Ki‚Y cwiYwZi g”j KviYÓÑ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔAwb‡glÕ k‡ãi A_© AcjK ev, cjKnxb|
i myfvi g‡bi fve Zvi †Pv‡L dz‡U I‡V, ZvB Zvi Kv‡jv †PvL‡K ZR©gv Ki‡Z nq bv|
myfv K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| myfvi e‡ov e‡ov Kv‡jv †Pv‡Li †h fvlv, †h D¾¡jZv Zv‡Z AeY©bxq fv‡ei cÖKvk i‡q‡Q| hvi w`‡K ZvKv‡j
Avi †Kv‡bv ZR©gv Kivi `iKvi nq bv| Zvi †PvL `y‡UvB K_v e‡j| myfvi g‡bi fve Zvi †Pv‡Li Dc‡i KL‡bv KL‡bv D¾¡j n‡q R¡‡j
DVZ, Avevi KL‡bv èvbfv‡e wb‡f AvmZ| KL‡bv PÂj we`y¨‡Zi g‡Zv, Avevi KL‡bv Wy‡e hvIqv Puv‡`i g‡Zv n‡q Zvi g‡bi fve
cÖKvk KiZ| myfvi gy‡Li fvlv bv _vK‡jI `„wói MfxiZv ¯“k© Kiv hvq| G Kvi‡Y myfvi Kv‡jv †PvL‡K ZR©gv Ki‡Z nq bv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : myfvi g‡bi fve Zvi †Pv‡L dz‡U I‡V, ZvB Zvi Kv‡jv †PvL‡K ZR©gv Ki‡Z nq bv|
j DÏxc‡Ki myjZvbvi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv kvixwiK cÖwZeÜxZv|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv evK&&cwÖ ZeÜx| †m K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| K_v bv ej‡Z cvivi Kvi‡Y †KD Zvi mv‡_ †g‡k bv| mevB Zv‡K Gwo‡q P‡j|
GgbwK Zvi gv ch©š@ Zv‡K AeÁvi `„wó‡Z †`‡L| myfvi gv myfv‡K M‡f©i Kj¼ g‡b K‡i| GRb¨ myfv gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡o| †m
mevB‡K Gwo‡q Pj‡Z ïi‚ K‡i| Avi cÖK…wZi bvbv Abyl‡½i mv‡_ wg‡k †m Avcb RMr •Zwi K‡i †bq| myfvi g‡bv‡e`bv †KD ü`q
w`‡q Dcjwä K‡iwb| myfv †h G mgv‡RiB GKwU Ask Zv †KD †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| d‡j myfvi Rxe‡b †b‡g Av‡m Pig wech©q|
DÏxc‡Ki myjZvbvI GKRb kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx| Rš§ †_‡KB Zvi Wvb nvZ Ges Wvb cv G‡Kev‡iB A‡K‡Rv| †m †ewk¶Y nuvU‡Z cv‡i
bv| KviI mvnvh¨ wb‡q Zv‡K nuvU‡Z nq| myjZvbv Ab¨‡`i g‡Zv ¯^vfvweK bv nIqvq †KD Zvi mv‡_ wgk‡Z PvBZ bv| †KD Zvi mv‡_
†LjvayjvI Ki‡Z PvBZ bv| wKš‘ myjZvbv cÖwZK‚j cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡owb| eis `„p g‡bvej wb‡q †jLvcov Ki‡Z
_v‡K| Wvb nv‡Z kw³ bv _vKvq †m evg nvZ w`‡q †jLv ïi‚ K‡i| GKmgq evg nv‡ZB †m †jLvq cvi`kx© n‡q I‡V| Avi Ae‡k‡l †m
gva¨wgK I D‛P gva¨wgK cix¶vq K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© n‡q øvZK †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nq| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, kvixwiK cÖwZeÜxZvi w`K
w`‡q DÏxc‡Ki myjZvbvi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki myjZvbvi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv kvixwiK cÖwZeÜxZv|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki myjZvbv Pwi‡Îi †h w`KwU myfvi g‡a¨ Abycw¯’Z, †mwUB Zvi Ki‚Y cwiYwZi g”j KviY|ÓÑgš@e¨wU mwVK|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv GKwU evK&&cwÖ ZeÜx PwiÎ| K_v ejvi kw³ Zvi †bB| K_v ej‡Z bv cvivi Kvi‡Y †m mevi Kv‡Q Ae‡njvi wkKvi nq|
GgbwK wb‡Ri gv‡qi Kv‡QI myfv Pig AeÁvi gy‡LvgywL nq| Gme Kvi‡Y myfv gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡o| Avi gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O covi
Kvi‡Y †m Zvi kvixwiK cÖwZeÜxZv‡K Rq Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| †m G Kv‡Ri cÖwZ †Kv‡bv Drmvn‡eva K‡iwb| †m K‡Vvi cwikÖg I wbijm
mvabv Ki‡j Aek¨B Zvi cÖwZeÜxZv‡K Rq Ki‡Z m¶g n‡Zv| wKš‘ `yt‡Li welq GB †h, myfv †mw`‡K avweZ nqwb| ZvB Zvi
fv‡M¨iI †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b N‡Uwb|
DÏxc‡Ki myjZvbv Rš§ †_‡KB cÖwZeÜx| Zvi Wvb nvZ I Wvb cv GKiKg A‡K‡Rv| †m †ewk¶Y nuvUvnuvwU Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kv_vI
†h‡Z n‡j KviI mvnvh¨ wb‡q †h‡Z nq| GZ e‡ov mgm¨vi g‡a¨ †_‡KI myjZvbv gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡owb| g‡bi g‡a¨ `„p B‛Qv kw³‡K
Kv‡R jvwM‡q †jLvcov ïi‚ K‡i| Wvb nvZ A‡K‡Rv nIqvq †m evg nvZ w`‡q †jLv‡jwL Ki‡Z _v‡K| GKmgq evg nv‡ZB †jLvq
cvi`kx© n‡q I‡V| Gfv‡e nuvwU nuvwU cv cv K‡i †m gva¨wgK I D‛P gva¨wg‡Ki MwÊ cvi nq| †m øvZK †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© n‡q wb‡Ri
kvixwiK cÖwZeÜxZv‡K Rq Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  121

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki myjZvbv kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx n‡jI †m cÖwZeÜxZv‡K Rq Ki‡Z m¶g
n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv Zvi cÖwZeÜxZv‡K Rq Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| myfv Zvi cÖwZeÜxZv‡K Rq Kivi †Kv‡bv †PóvB K‡iwb| †m
gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡o wb‡Ri g‡bvej nvwi‡q †d‡j| myjZvbv Pwi‡Îi BwZevPK w`KwU myfv aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| †m `„p g‡bvej wb‡q
†jLvcov Ki‡j Zvi Rxe‡b GZUv Pig wech©q †b‡g AvmZ bv| eis Zvi RxebUv mvd‡j¨ f‡i DVZ| wKš‘ ev¯@‡e Zv m¤¢e nqwb|
ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki myjZvbvi g‡Zv cÖwZeÜxZv‡K Rq Kivi cÖ‡Póv myfvi g‡a¨ bv _vKvB Zvi Ki‚Y cwiYwZi g”j KviY|
myZivs cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki myjZvbv Pwi‡Îi †h w`KwU myfvi g‡a¨ Abycw¯’Z, †mwUB Zvi Ki‚Y cwiYwZi g”j KviY|
cÖkœ  02 iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii †Q‡j‡ejvq eª‡Rk¦i wQj Zuv‡`i evwoi PvKi‡`i m`©vi| evwoi †Qv‡Uv‡`i ZË¡veavb I Lvevi cwi‡e‡ki
`vwqZ¡ wQj eª‡Rk¦‡ii Ici| †Qv‡Uviv †L‡Z em‡j †m mKj‡K GKwU GKwU K‡i jywP Avj‡Mv‡Q `ywj‡q wR‡Ám KiZ Avi †`‡e wK bv|
iex›`ªbv_ Zvi g‡bvfve eyS‡Z †c‡i jywP, `ya BZ¨vw` Lvev‡i wb‡Ri Abxnv cÖKvk Ki‡Zb| †eu‡P hvIqv Gme Lvevi P‡j †hZ eª‡Rk¦‡ii
Avjgvwi‡Z|

K. Ave`yi ingvb Kvi g‡Zv †jL‡Ki gykwKj-Avmvb Ki‡e? 1

L. Ave`yi ingvb Zvi †Muvd Kvwg‡q †djvi K_v e‡jwQj †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki eª‡Rk¦i Ges ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi gv‡S AvPiYMZ †h •emv`„k¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi g”j fve‡K Zz‡j ai‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Ave`yi ingvb fxg‡m‡bi g‡Zv †jL‡Ki gykwKjÑAvmvb Ki‡e|
i Ave`yi ingvb Zvi e³e¨‡K wek¦vm‡hvM¨ Kivi Rb¨ †Muvd Kvwg‡q †djvi K_v e‡jwQj|
Ave`yi ingv‡bi Rš§f‚wg n‡jv DËi AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi cvbwki cÖ‡`k| †mLv‡b cÖPÊ kxZ c‡o| mv`v ei‡di Ici †mLv‡b m”h© I‡V|
ayjv-evwjgy³ my›`i cwi‡ek mevB‡K gy» K‡i| †hLv‡b †M‡j gvby‡li cwicvK ¶gZv e„w× cvq| Ave`yi ingv‡bi g‡Z ZLb GKUv
Av¯@ `y¤^v LvIqv hvq| Avi G welqMy‡jv †m †jLK‡K wek¦vm Kiv‡Z Pvq| wb‡Ri K_vMy‡jv‡K wek¦vm‡hvM¨ Kivi `„p cÖZ¨q wb‡q †m e‡j,
Avgvi K_v mwZ¨ bv n‡j Avwg †Muvd Kvwg‡q †dje|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Ave`yi ingvb Zvi e³e¨‡K wek¦vm‡hvM¨ Kivi Rb¨ †Muvd Kvwg‡q †djvi K_v e‡jwQj|
j DÏxc‡Ki eª‡Rk¦i Ges ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi gv‡S Lvevi cwi‡ek‡bi AvPiYMZ •emv`„k¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingvb AZ¨š@ AwZw_civqY| AwZw_ †mev‡K †m Lye gnr `„wó‡Z †`‡L‡Q| †m mva¨g‡Zv †jL‡Ki †mev
K‡i‡Q| Zvi AvwZ‡_qZvq †jLK gy» n‡q‡Qb| Ave`yi ingvb AZ¨š@ wek¦¯@ GKRb f…Z¨| Zvi g‡a¨ we›`ygvÎ cÖZviYv wQj bv| Lvevi
cwi‡ek‡b †m D`vi g‡bi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q| †jLK‡K bv LvB‡q †Kv‡bv Lvevi †m wb‡R Lvqwb| wewfbœ ai‡bi iKgvwi Lvevi ivbœv K‡i G‡K
G‡K †mme Lvevi †jL‡Ki mvg‡b cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki eª‡Rk¦i AZ¨š@ PZzi| †m Lvevi cwi‡ek‡bi mgq †K․kj Aej¤^b KiZ| †m wKQz Lvevi euvPv‡bvi †Póv KiZ| Avi Gme
Lvevi †m wb‡R †LZ| †m wQj me PvKi‡`i m`©vi| iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii evmvq †m KvR KiZ| iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi ZLb †Qv‡Uv wQ‡jb|
eª‡Rk¦i †Qv‡Uv‡`i ZË¡veavb I Lvevi cwi‡ek‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiZ| †Qv‡Uviv †L‡Z em‡j †m mKj‡K GKwU K‡i jywP Avj‡Mv‡Q
`ywj‡q wR‡Ám KiZ Avi †`‡e wKbv? iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zvi g‡bvfve eyS‡Z †c‡i jywP, `ya BZ¨vw` Lvev‡i wb‡Ri Abxnv cÖ Kvk Ki‡Zb|
Avi †hme Lvevi †eu‡P †hZ eª‡Rk¦i †mMy‡jv Zvi Avjgvwi‡Z ivLZ| wKš‘ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingvb Ggb KvR KiZ bv| ZvB
Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, Lvevi cwi‡ek‡bi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki eª‡Rk¦i Ges ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi gv‡S AvPiYMZ
•emv`„k¨ we`¨gvb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki eª‡Rk¦i Ges ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi gv‡S Lvevi cwi‡ek‡bi AvPiYMZ •emv`„k¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxcKwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi g”jfve‡K Zz‡j ai‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡í •mq` gyRZev Avjx Zvi cÖevm Rxe‡bi ¯§„wZPviY K‡i‡Qb| cÖev‡m wM‡q wZwb †h wek¦¯@ Kv‡Ri †jvK †c‡q‡Qb Zvi
eY©bv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Ave`yi ingvb bvgK GKRb f…Z¨ †jL‡Ki evmvq KvR †bq| †m †jL‡Ki me KvR KiZ| †m bvbv ai‡bi Dcv‡`q
Lvevi •Zwi Ki‡Z m¶g wQj| Gme Lvevi †L‡q †jLK cig Z…wßi wbk¦vm †dj‡Zb| Ave`yi ingvb GKRb †`k‡cÖwgK| Zvi Aš@‡i
Rš§f‚wgi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmv wQj| Zvi †`k‡cÖg †`‡L †jLK Awff‚Z n‡q‡Qb| Ave`yi ingvb Zvi Rš§f‚wg cvbwk‡i †jLK‡K †eov‡Z
hvIqvi Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡i‡Q| Ave`yi ingv‡bi mvwe©K Kg©Kv‡Ê †jLK mš‘ó n‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki eª‡Rk¦i wQj iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii evmvi Kv‡Ri †jvK| †m wQj me Kv‡Ri †jvK‡`i m`©vi| †m g”jZ †Qv‡Uv‡`i ZË¡veavb I
Lvevi cwi‡ek‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiZ| iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi ZLb †Qv‡Uv wQ‡jb| †m GKwU GKwU K‡i jywP Avj‡Mv‡Q `ywj‡q wR‡Ám KiZ
Avi jywP †`‡e wK bv? iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Zvi g‡bvfve eyS‡Z cvi‡Zb| GRb¨ wZwb jywP, `ya Gi cÖwZ Abxnv cÖKvk Ki‡Zb| Avi eª‡Rk¦i
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  122

Lywk n‡q Gme Lvevi Zvi Avjgvwi‡Z †i‡L w`Z| eª‡Rk¦i Gme Lvevi wb‡R LvIqvi Rb¨ Ggb K‚U‡K․k‡ji AvkÖq wbZ| Zvi Ggb
AvPi‡Y AvwZ‡_qZvi MyYvewj dz‡U D‡Vwb eis Zvi Pwi‡Î ¯^v_©ciZvi wPÎ cÖZxqgvb nq|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi g”jfve‡K aviY Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q| KviY DÏxc‡Ki eª‡Rk¦‡ii Kg©KvÊ g”jZ ÔcÖevm
eÜyÕ M‡íi GKwU •emv`„k¨MZ w`K| eª‡Rk¦‡ii mv‡_ Ave`yi ingv‡bi †Kv‡bv mv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nqwb| eis `yR‡bi gv‡S AvPiYMZ
•emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| Ave`yi ingvb AZ¨š@ AwZw_civqY, wek¦¯@, cwikÖgx I †`k‡cÖwgK| c¶vš@‡i DÏxc‡Ki eª‡Rk¦‡ii g‡a¨ Gme
MyYvewj †bB| DÏxc‡Ki eª‡Rk¦i I ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingvb `yR‡bB `yB cÖv‡š@i wfbœ `„wófw½m¤“bœ gvbyl| Zv‡`i
AvPvi-AvPi‡Y †Kv‡bv wgj †bB| myZivs GUv my¯“ófv‡eB cÖgvwYZ nq †h, DÏxcKwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi g”jfve‡K Zz‡j ai‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcKwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi g”jfve‡K Zz‡j ai‡Z m¶g nqwb|
cÖkœ  03 wjRv I †bnv `yB evÜexB mvwnZ¨‡cÖgx, Z‡e GKUz wfbœ cÖK…wZi| wjRv •ah© a‡i NÈvi ci NÈv GKUvbv eB co‡Z AvMÖnx
bq| Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ c‡o †kl Kiv hvq Ggb †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv we‡kl NUbvB wjRv‡K Avb›` †`q| Aciw`‡K †bnvi cQ›` mvwn‡Z¨i
me‡P‡q cÖvPxb kvLvwU| mgvR‡K mivmwi cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z m¶g nq e‡j mvwn‡Z¨i GB kvLvwU †bnvi GZ fv‡jv jv‡M|

K. ÔmvwnZ¨ m›`k©bÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv †K? 1

L. ga¨hy‡M iwPZ g½jKve¨mg”n‡K Dcb¨vm ejv hvq bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wjRv‡K mvwn‡Z¨i †h kvLvwU Avb›` †`q †mwU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxb kvLvwU‡K †bnvi fv‡jv jvMvi KviYwU KZLvwb †h․w³K e‡j Zzwg g‡b K‡iv? Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ
cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔmvwnZ¨ m›`k©bÕ MÖ‡š’i iPwqZv n‡jb kÖxkP›`ª `vm|
i KweZvi b¨vq Q›`vKv‡i iwPZ nIqvi Rb¨ ga¨hy‡M iwPZ g½jKve¨mg”n‡K Dcb¨vm ejv hvq bv|
mvwn‡Z¨i kvLv-cÖkvLvi g‡a¨ Dcb¨vm Ab¨Zg| Dcb¨v‡m †Kv‡bv Kvwnwb ewY©Z nq M`¨-fvlvq| wKš‘ ga¨hy‡M iwPZ g½jKve¨ M‡`¨
iwPZ bq| †mMy‡jv c‡`¨ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Dcb¨v‡mi `xN© Kvwnwbi b¨vq g½jKv‡e¨I Kvwnwbi we¯@…wZ i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Zvi fvlv M`¨ bq|
hw` †mMy‡jv M‡`¨ iwPZ n‡Zv Z‡eB Dcb¨vm ejv †hZ| †h‡nZz g½jKve¨ c‡`¨ iwPZ ZvB †mMy‡jv Dcb¨vm bq| myZivs c‡`¨i fvlvq
Kve¨vKv‡i iwPZ nIqvi Rb¨B ga¨hy‡Mi g½jKve¨mg”n‡K Dcb¨vm ejv hvq bv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : KweZvi b¨vq Q›`vKv‡i iwPZ nIqvi Rb¨ ga¨hy‡M iwPZ g½jKve¨mg”n‡K Dcb¨vm ejv hvq bv|
j DÏxc‡Ki wjRv‡K mvwn‡Z¨i †h kvLvwU Avb›` †`q †mwU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi †Qv‡UvMí kvLv‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
†Qv‡UvMí evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i GKwU Ab¨Zg RbwcÖq kvLv| †Qv‡UvM‡íi g‡a¨ Rxebev¯@eZvi ¯^iƒc wfbœfv‡e dz‡U D‡V| †Qv‡UvM‡íi AvKvi
†Qv‡Uv n‡q _v‡K| Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv †Qv‡UvM‡íi AvKvi e¨vcK I we¯@…Z nq bv| †Qv‡UvM‡íi ïi‚Uv nq A‡bKUv bvUKxqfv‡e| Avevi Gi
mgvwßI N‡U bvUKxqfv‡e| †Qv‡UvMí Ggbfv‡e †kl nq †hb g‡b nq †kl n‡qI nqwb| A_©vr Kvwnwbi g‡a¨ AvKv¸¶vi GKwU w`K
†_‡K hvq| Kvwnwbi g”j As‡ki GKwU Myi‚Z¡c”Y© Ask‡K †Qv‡UvM‡í Zz‡j aiv nq| †Qv‡UvM‡íi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv ZË¡K_v _v‡K bv| GgbwK
†Kv‡bv Dc‡`k ev Aby‡iv‡ai weeiY _v‡K bv|
DÏxc‡Ki wjRv‡K mvwn‡Z¨i †h kvLvwU Avb›` †`q †mwU n‡jv †Qv‡UvMí| †Qv‡UvMí `xN© mgq a‡i GKUvbv covi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
KviY †Qv‡UvM‡íi AvKvi AZ¨š@ †Qv‡Uv| ZvB AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B †Qv‡UvMí cov hvq| DÏxc‡Ki wjRv ZvB †Qv‡UvMí c‡o _v‡K|
wjRv •ah© a‡i NÈvi ci NÈv GKUvbv eB co‡Z AvMÖnx bq| †m †Qv‡UvMí co‡ZB AwaK ¯^v‛Q›`¨‡eva K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki wjRvi fv‡jv
jvMvi welqwU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi †Qv‡UvMí‡K Bw½Z K‡i| †Qv‡UvM‡íi •ewkó¨My‡jv DÏxc‡Ki wjRvi cwVZ wel‡q dz‡U
D‡V‡Q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki wjRv‡K mvwn‡Z¨i †Qv‡UvMí kvLvwU Avb›` w`‡q _v‡K|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wjRv‡K mvwn‡Z¨i †h kvLvwU Avb›` †`q †mwU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi †Qv‡UvMí kvLv‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
k mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxb kvLvwU‡K †bnvi fv‡jv jvMvi KviYwU A‡bKUvB †h․w³K e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxb kvLv ej‡Z bvUK‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| mvwn‡Z¨i hZMy‡jv Abyl½ i‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨
bvUKB me©v‡c¶v cÖvPxb| bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g mgv‡Ri ev¯@e wPÎ mivmwi `k©K‡`i mvg‡b Zz‡j aiv nq| GRb¨ `k©K mgv‡Ri cvkvcvwk
mgvR e¨e¯’vq bvU‡Ki mivmwi cÖfve c‡o| d‡j mgv‡Ri hyMvš@Kvix cwieZ©b NUv‡Z bvUK AZ¨š@ BwZevPK f‚wgKv iv‡L| bvUK
e¨ZxZ mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Abyl½ GZ `ª‚Z mgv‡R cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ `k©Kmgv‡R bvU‡Ki MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv AZ¨š@ †ewk|
mgv‡Ri Am½wZ I Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` e¨³ Ki‡Z bvU‡Ki †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| bvUK ZvB mgvR e¨e¯’vi `c©Y wn‡m‡eB ¯^xK…Z n‡q
Av‡Q| mgvR wewbg©v‡Yi Ab¨Zg kw³kvjx nvwZqvi n‡jv bvUK|
DÏxc‡Ki †bnv mvwn‡Z¨i †h cÖvPxb kvLvwU cQ›` K‡i †mwU n‡jv bvUK| mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi †P‡q bvU‡Ki cÖwZ †bnvi Mfxi AbyivM
i‡q‡Q| †bnv wek¦vm K‡i bvUK mgvR‡K mivmwi cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z m¶g| GRb¨ †bnv bvUK cQ›` K‡i| bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g †m
Avb›`-we‡bv`b †c‡q _v‡K| †bnvi wPš@v-†PZbvq bvU‡Ki Aw¯@Z¡ weivRgvb i‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡b bvU‡Ki cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jv jvMvi Abyf‚wZ
Rwo‡q Av‡Q| GRb¨B †m mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi cÖwZ AvK…ó bv n‡q bvU‡Ki cÖwZB AwaK AvK…ó n‡q‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  123

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki †bnvi fv‡jv jvMvi welqwU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K A‡bKUvB
†h․w³K| KviY Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Ü bvU‡Ki gva¨‡g mgvR mivmwi cÖfvweZ nIqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Avi GRb¨B DÏxc‡Ki †bnv bvUK
cQ›` K‡i _v‡K| †h․w³KZvi gvb`Ê Abyhvqx wePvi Ki‡j †bnvi fv‡jv jvMvi welqwU †h․w³K e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq| ZvB mvwe©K w`K
wePvi we‡kÐl‡Yi Av‡jv‡K Avwg g‡b Kwi, mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxb kvLvwU‡K †bnvi fv‡jv jvMvi KviYwU Aek¨B †h․w³K|
Dˇii g”jK_v : mvwn‡Z¨i cÖvPxb kvLvwU‡K †bnvi fv‡jv jvMvi KviYwU A‡bKUvB †h․w³K e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
cÖkœ  04 (i) cÖPwjZ wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv wn‡m‡e wek¦we`¨vjq ev †Kv‡bv cÖvwZôvwbK wWwMÖ Qvov MyMjKg©xi msL¨v w`b w`b evo‡Q| MyM‡ji
wKQz wKQz wU‡g 14 kZvsk Kg©xi cÖvwZôvwbK †Kv‡bv wWwMÖ †bB| hviv cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v bv †c‡qI wb‡Ri cÖwZfv Ges g¾vMZ †gavi mdj
cÖ‡qvM K‡i Kg©‡¶‡Î wb‡R‡`i †hvM¨Zv cÖgvY Ki‡Q, cwðgv we‡k¦ Giv ÔmvD_ †cvjviÕ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
(ii) eB cov m¤“‡K© wej †MUm e‡j‡Qb, Ò†Qv‡Uv‡ejv †_‡KB Avgvi A‡bK ¯^cœ wQj| Avi GB ¯^cœ †c‡qwQjvg eB †_‡K| Avgvi N‡i,
Awd‡m, Mvwo‡Z me©ÎB Avgvi m‡½ _v‡K eB|Ó
K. cÖg_ †P․ayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg Kx wQj? 1
L. Òe¨vwaB msµvgK, ¯^v¯’¨ bq|ÓÑ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-Gi ÔmvD_ †cvjviÕ e¨w³iv ÔeB covÕ cÖeÜ Abymv‡i Kv‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK (ii)-Gi e³e¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki fvebvi LwÊZ cÖwZdjb gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h cÖg_ †P․ayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg wQj exiej|
i Ôe¨vwaB msµvgK, ¯^v¯’¨ bqÕÑ †Kbbv ¯^v¯’¨ AR©b Ki‡Z nq, Avi e¨vwa gvbyl‡K msµwgZ K‡i|
†W‡gv‡µwmi Myi‚iv †P‡qwQ‡jb mevB‡K mgvb Ki‡Z| wKš‘ Bs‡iwR mf¨Zvi cvkvcvwk †_‡KI Avgiv †W‡gv‡µwmi fv‡jv MyYMy‡jv‡K
AvqË bv K‡i aviY K‡iwQ Lvivc •ewkó¨My‡jv‡K| †W‡gv‡µwmi †`vlMy‡jv Avgiv AvÍmvr K‡iwQ Aejxjvq| mvwnZ¨PP©vi welqwU G‡¶‡Î
AwR©Z nqwb| †ivM †hgb msµvgK wn‡m‡e Qwo‡q hvq, wKš‘ ¯^v‡¯’¨i welqwU wb‡Ri cÖ‡Póvq AR©b Ki‡Z nq| GB `„wó‡KvY †_‡KB
†jLK cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : AwfRvZ mf¨Zv †_‡K Avgiv kyay †`vlMy‡jv‡K MÖnY K‡iwQ, fv‡jv‡K bq| ZvB †jLK e‡j‡QbÑ Ôe¨vwaB msµvgK, ¯^v¯’¨ bq|Õ
j DÏxcK (i)-Gi ÔmvD_ †cvjviÕ e¨w³iv ÔeB covÕ cÖeÜ Abymv‡i ¯^wkw¶Z e¨w³‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü wk¶vi ¯^iƒc Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| wk¶v AR©‡bi wewfbœ gva¨g i‡q‡Q| ïay cÖvwZôvwbK fv‡eB wk¶v MÖnY Kiv hvq welqwU
Ggb bq| ev¯@eZvi Av‡jv‡KI Ávb AR©b Kiv hvq| cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e †hme eB cov‡bv nq †mme eB QvovI A‡bK eB i‡q‡Q †hMy‡jv
Aa¨qb K‡iI Ávb AR©b Kiv hvq| hviv †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶vi my‡hvM cvqwb Zviv B‛Qv Ki‡j ¯^ -D‡`¨v‡M eB c‡o Ávb AR©b
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| A_©vr cÖvewÜK ¯^-D‡`¨v‡M ¯^wkw¶Z nIqvi Rb¨ eB covi cÖwZ we‡kl Myi‚Z¡v‡ivc K‡i‡Qb|
DÏxc‡K cÖPwjZ wk¶v e¨e¯’vq wkw¶Z bv n‡qI ev¯@e Ávb AR©‡bi gva¨‡g ¯^wkw¶Z nIqvi w`KwU Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| RbwcÖq mvP©
BwÄb MyM‡ji wKQz wKQz wU‡g 14 kZvsk Kgx© i‡q‡Q| hv‡`i †Kv‡bv cÖvwZôvwbK wWwMÖ †bB| A_P Zviv wb‡Riv ¯^-D‡`¨v‡M ev¯@e Ávb
AR©‡bi gva¨‡g ¯^wkw¶Z n‡q‡Q| ¯^wkw¶Z n‡q Kg© Rxe‡b Zviv mdjZvI jvf K‡i‡Q| Kg©‡¶‡Î Zv‡`i Amvgvb¨ Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ cwðgv
we‡k¦ Giv ÔmvD_ †cvjviÕ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜKI wewfbœ eB c‡o Ávb AR©‡bi gva¨‡g ¯^wkw¶Z nIqvi `„p cÖZ¨q
e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcK (i)-Gi ÔmvD_ †cvjviÕ e¨w³iv ÔeB covÕ cÖeÜ Abymv‡i ¯^wkw¶Z e¨w³‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (i)-Gi ÔmvD_ †cvjviÕ e¨w³iv ÔeB covÕ cÖeÜ Abymv‡i ¯^wkw¶Z e¨w³‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
k ÒDÏxcK (ii)-Gi e³e¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki fvebvi LwÊZ cÖwZdjb gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK cÖg_ †P․ayix eB covi Rb¨ D`vË AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| ÁvbvR©‡bi Rb¨ eB covi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| ïay
cvV¨eB bq eis Ab¨vb¨ eB Aa¨q‡bi gva¨‡g Ávb AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| gvby‡li g‡bi wPwKrmvi Rb¨ eB cov Avek¨K| eB covi Rb¨
cvVvMvi ev jvB‡eªwi ¯’vcb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| eB covi AbyK‚j cwi‡ek •Zwi n‡j Ges mevB eB co‡Z AvMÖnx n‡jB cÖvew܇Ki
g‡bvevmbv c”Y© n‡e| wk¶v †KD KvD‡K w`‡Z cv‡i bv| wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡j eB c‡o ÁvbvR©‡bi gva¨‡g wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡e| ZvB eB covi
Myi‚Z¡ AZ¨š@ Zvrch©c”Y©|
DÏxc‡K eB cov m¤“‡K© wej †MU‡mi gš@e¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wej †MUm GKRb eB‡cÖgx gvbyl| wZwb eB co‡Z Lye fv‡jvev‡mb| wZwb
Rxe‡b cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ¯^cœ †`‡L‡Qb eB covi gva¨‡g| GRb¨ wZwb me©`v nv‡Zi bvMv‡j eB iv‡Lb| †hb B‡‛Q n‡jB eB co‡Z
cv‡ib| Zvi N‡i, Awd‡m, GgbwK Zvi Mvwo‡ZI eB _v‡K| wZwb †hLv‡bB hvb bv †Kb Zvi m½x wn‡m‡e _v‡K eB| eB covi g‡a¨B
wZwb fv‡jv jvMvi Abyl½ Luy‡R cvb| eB c‡oB wZwb Avb›` cvb| Zvi mdjZvi g”j inm¨ n‡jv eB cov|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, DÏxcK (ii)-Gi e³e¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki fvebvi LwÊZ cÖwZdjb gvÎ| KviY ÔeB
covÕ cÖe‡Üi eB covi welqwU QvovI Ab¨vb¨ welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb wk¶v e¨e¯’vi ΂wU, eB covi cÖwZeÜKZv,
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  124

jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôv cÖf…wZ| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K Gm‡ei †Kv‡bv weeiY †bB| DÏxc‡K †Kej wej †MU‡mi eB covi w`KwU Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| hv
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi GKwU we‡kl w`K gvÎ| GwU Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi mvgwMÖK w`K bq| †ej †MU‡mi eB covi w`KwU cÖvew܇Ki B‛Qvi
GKwU w`‡Ki cÖwZdjb n‡jI Ab¨vb¨ w`KMy‡jv D‡V Av‡mwb| ZvB DÏxcKwUi e³e¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki fvebvi LwÊZ cÖwZdjb
e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq| myZivs cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (ii)-Gi e³e¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki fvebvi LwÊZ cÖwZdjb gvÎ|
cÖkœ  05 hviv fv‡jvev‡m Zviv hy‡× hvq,
hviv hy‡× hvq mK‡j wd‡i Av‡m bv|
Ges hviv gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Av‡mÑ
Zv‡`i Szwj‡Z eY©gvjvi b”cyi,
†XuwK‡Z wK‡kvix cv, Wz‡i kvwo Nv‡mi dwos|
K. kvnevRcy‡ii †Rvqvb K…lK †K? 1
L. ÒZuvi †Pv‡Li wb‡P Aciv‡nœi `ye©j Av‡jvi wSwjKÓÑ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Y Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwUi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avmv mš@vbivB Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq †ZwR Zi‚‡Yi f‚wgKvq
AeZxY© n‡qwQjÓÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h kvnevRcy‡ii †Rvqvb K…lK mMxi Avjx|
i Aciv‡nœi Av‡jvi wSwj‡K Zxeª †ZR _v‡K bv, ZvB Kwe G‡K `ye©j Av‡jv e‡j‡Qb|
Mfxi †kvK †c‡j gvby‡li †Pv‡Li wb‡P Kv‡jv `vM c‡o| GB `vM ev †iLv gvby‡li g‡bve¨_vi cwiPq enb K‡i| Rxeb mvqv‡ý wcÖqRb‡K
nviv‡bvi e¨_vq ZvB _yÌy‡o ey‡ovi †Pv‡Li wb‡P `vM c‡o‡Q| hv Aciv‡nœi `ye©j Av‡jv‡Z wSwjK †`q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Aciv‡nœi Av‡jvi wSwj‡K Zxeª †ZR _v‡K bv, ZvB Kwe G‡K `ye©j Av‡jv wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Y Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU n‡jv ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Rxeb wemR©b †`Iqv|
Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq evOvwji wPi cÖZ¨vwkZ ¯^vaxbZvi AvKv¸¶v e¨³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ `xN© msMÖvg I
Rxeb wemR©b †`Iqvi NUbvI ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ j¶ j¶ bvix-cyi‚l‡K Z¨vM ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| nwi`vmxi wmuw_i wmu`yi
gy‡Q †M‡Q| mvwKbv wewei Kcvj †f‡O‡Q| GQvovI mMxi Avjx, †Kó`vm, gZje wgqv I i‚¯@g †k‡Li g‡Zv gvbyl gyw³hy‡× Rxeb
wemR©b w`‡q‡Q| A_©vr AmsL¨ bvix-cyi‚‡li AvÍZ¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q ¯^vaxbZvi AvMgb N‡U‡Q| evsjvi gvby‡li i‡³ iwÄZ nIqvi ci
evsjvi AvKv‡k ¯^vaxbZvi m”h© Dw`Z n‡q‡Q| evsjvi gvby‡li AvÍZ¨vM I `xN© msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡gB Kvw¸¶Z ¯^vaxbZv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Y ejv n‡q‡Q hviv †`k‡K fv‡jvev‡m ZvivB cÖK…Z †`k‡cÖwgK| Zviv †`k‡K fv‡jvev‡m e‡jB hy‡×
hvq| Avi hviv hy‡× hvq Zviv mevB wd‡i Av‡m bv| A‡b‡KB hy‡× kwn` nq| A_©vr hy× gv‡bB gvby‡li g„Zz¨, i³v³ nIqvi GK
KvjRqx BwZnvm| Avi G BwZnvm M‡o‡Q evsjvi me©¯@‡ii gvbyl| mevi mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq G‡`k k΂gy³ n‡q‡Q| k΂‡`i mv‡_ jovB
Ki‡Z wM‡q Rxeb wemR©b w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| hv Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvqI dz‡U D‡V‡Q| myZivs DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB
Pi‡Y Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Rxeb wemR©b †`Iqvi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Y Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU n‡jv ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Rxeb wemR©b †`Iqv|
k ÒDÏxc‡K gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avmv mš@vbivB Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq †ZwR Zi‚‡Yi f‚wgKvq AeZxY©
n‡qwQj|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ wewfbœ †kÖwY-†ckvi gvbyl gyw³hy‡× hvq| gyw³hy‡× wM‡q A‡b‡KB
cÖvY-wemR©b †`q| Avevi `xN© msMÖv‡gi c‡i †`k ¯^vaxb n‡j weRqx †e‡k evsjvi `vgvj †Q‡jiv gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Av‡m| gv‡qi Kv‡Q
wd‡i Avmv mš@vb‡`i Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq †ZwR Zi‚Y wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i gva¨‡gB Avgiv ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡iwQ|
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i GKwU e„nr Ask wQj Zi‚Ym¤“ª`vq| Zviv wQj `ytmvnmx I AKz‡Zvfq Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix| Zviv Rxe‡bi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i
mk¯¿ msMÖv‡g Ask wb‡qwQj| Zv‡`i wbijm cÖ‡Póv I i‡³i wewbg‡q G‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i‡Q| ZvB Zv‡`i Ae`vb AZ¨š@
Zvrch©c”Y©| Zv‡`i Zvrch©c”Y© Ae`v‡bi Rb¨B Zviv AvR ¯§iYxq I eiYxq n‡q Av‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k ejv n‡q‡Q, †`k‡K hviv fv‡jvev‡m ZvivB hy‡× hvq| Avi hy‡× hvIqv gv‡bB g„Zz¨‡K eiY K‡i †bIqv| KviY
†h‡Kv‡bv gyn”‡Z© k΂i AvNv‡Z g„Zz¨ n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB mevB hy‡× †M‡jI mevB evwo wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| gv‡qi †Kv‡j wd‡i Avmv mevi
c‡¶ m¤¢e nq bv| Z‡e weRqx †e‡k hviv gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Av‡m Zviv Aek¨B cig †m․fv‡M¨i AwaKvix| gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avmv
`yiš@ mš@vbivB g”jZ Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq †ZwR Zi‚Y|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  125

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avmv mš@vbivB Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq †ZwR Zi‚Y| †ZwR
Zi‚YivB exiZ¡ mnKv‡i hy× K‡i ¯^vaxbZvi m”h© wQwb‡q Avb‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| Zv‡`i Amvgvb¨ Ae`v‡bB AvR evsjvi AvKv‡k ¯^vaxbZvi
jvj mey‡Ri cZvKv cZcZ K‡i Do‡Q| me©¯@‡ii gvbyl gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡jI Zi‚Y m¤“ª`v‡qi AskMÖnY A‡c¶vK…Z wKQzUv †ewk wQj|
Zi‚Yiv AZ¨š@ `ytmvnmx I `ye©vi| Zviv mKj euvav-wecwˇK Zz‛QÁvb K‡i evsjvi gvby‡li wPi AvKvw¸¶Z ¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡i| ZvB
Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K gv‡qi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avmv mš@vbivB Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq †ZwR Zi‚‡Yi f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡qwQj|
cÖkœ  06 Avgvi †`‡ki gvwU‡Z †gkv‡bv Avgvi cÖv‡Yi NÖvY
†M․iegq Rxe‡bi m¤§vb|
cÖvY-¯“›`‡b j¶ Zi‚i K‡i
RxebcÖevn mÂvwi gg©‡i,
e‡¶ RvMv‡q AvMvgx w`‡bi AvkvÑ
Avgvi †`‡ki G gvwU gayi, gayi Avgvi fvlv|
K. m‡b‡Ui Aó‡K Kx _v‡K? 1
L. ÔAvi wK †n n‡e †`Lv?ÕÑ Kwe Giƒc mskq cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ewY©Z mv`„‡k¨i w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq we‡kl w`‡Ki mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI Avw½K I †PZbvMZ cv_©K¨ ¯“ó|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi
†h․w³K g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h m‡b‡Ui Aó‡K _v‡K fv‡ei cÖeZ©bv|
i Kwei msk‡qi KviY Zuvi ¯^‡`‡ki mvwbœa¨ jv‡fi AwbðqZv|
Kwe Zuvi gvZ„f‚wg‡K Mfxifv‡e fv‡jvev‡mb| Avi ZvB cÖev‡m †_‡KI wZwb gvZ„f‚wgi wcÖq b` K‡cvZv‡¶i K_v †f‡e we‡fvi nb|
K‡cvZv‡¶i gayi ¯§„wZ Zuvi g‡b m`v RvMiƒK| msMZ Kvi‡YB `xN© cÖevm Rxe‡b wcÖq b‡`i mvwbœa¨ jv‡fi e¨vKzjZv †_‡K Zuvi g‡b
msk‡qi m„wó nq †h, wZwb Avi K‡cvZv‡¶i †`Lv cv‡eb wK bv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Kwei msk‡qi KviY Zuvi ¯^‡`‡ki mvwbœa¨ jv‡fi AwbðqZv|
j DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ewY©Z mv`„‡k¨i w`KwU n‡jv gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe gvB‡Kj gaym”`b `‡Ëi AK…wÎg †`k‡cÖg dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Kwe wbR †`k Z¨vM K‡i D‛PvKv¸¶vi cÖZ¨vkvq
we‡`k Mgb K‡ib| wKš‘ we‡`‡k GK mgq wZwb wb‡Ri fzj eyS‡Z cv‡ib| gvZ…f‚wg‡K AeÁv Kivi cwiYvg wZwb ü`q w`‡q Abyfe
K‡ib| Avi wb‡Ri K…ZK‡g©i Rb¨ AbyZß nb| Aby‡kvPbv †eva †_‡KB wZwb bZzbiƒ‡c gvZ…f‚wg‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z ïi‚ K‡ib| Zvi
fv‡jvevmvi ewntcÖKvk N‡U †jLwbi gva¨‡g| hvi R¡jš@ wb`k©b n‡‛Q K‡cvZv¶ b` KweZvwU| G KweZvi g‡a¨ AZxZ ¯§„wZPvi‡Yi
Aš@iv‡j g”jZ Kwei Mfxi †`k‡cÖ‡giB cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k †`‡ki gvwU, gvbyl I gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ fv‡jv jvMvi Mfxi AbyivM dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Kwei fvlvq Ô†`‡ki gvwU‡Z wg‡k
Av‡Q Avgvi cÖvY|Õ Rxe‡bi †M․iegq m¤§vb †mUv‡Zv gvZ…f‚wgi Rb¨| gvZ…f‚wgi cvkvcvwk gvZ…fvlv‡KI gayi fvlv wn‡m‡e D‡jÐL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| A_©vr †`‡ki gvwU I gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei fv‡jvevmv wg‡k Av‡Q| gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmvi ewntcÖKvk Avgiv ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ
KweZvqI Luy‡R cvB| ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe AZxZ ¯§„wZ‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z wM‡q gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| ZvB Avgiv
ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ewY©Z mv`„‡k¨i w`KwU n‡jv gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmv cÖ`k©b|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ewY©Z mv`„‡k¨i w`KwU n‡jv gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv|
k ÒDÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq we‡kl w`‡Ki mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI Avw½K I †PZbvMZ cv_©K¨ ¯“ó|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU †h․w³K e‡jB
cÖZxqgvb nq|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei AZxZ ¯§„wZPvi‡Yi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q| ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avei‡Y Kwei AZz¨¾¡j †`k‡cÖg cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
G KweZvq •kk‡ei wcÖq b` K‡cvZv¶‡K Kíbv K‡i‡Qb Rš§f‚wgi m‡½ Zvi Awe‡‛Q`¨ m¤“K©m”Î wn‡m‡e| Kwe wek¦vm K‡ib mLviƒcx G
b` Zvi AvKzj Aby‡iva †`kgvZ…Kvi wbKU †cu․‡Q †`‡e| Gi ga¨ w`‡q †`kgvZ…Kvi cÖwZ Mfxi ü`qv‡eM cÖKvwkZ nq| K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i
m‡½ Kwei Rxe‡bi †Q‡j‡ejvi A‡bK ¯§„wZ Rwo‡q Av‡Q| Gme ¯§„wZ ¯§iY Kivi gva¨‡gB Kwei †`‡ki cÖwZ kÖ×v I fv‡jvevmv †R‡M
D‡V‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvskwU‡Z †`k‡cÖ‡gi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Kwe †`k‡cÖ‡g D¾xexZ n‡q‡Qb| †`‡ki gvwUi mv‡_ Zvi cÖvY wg‡k
Av‡Q| Kwei Avkv-AvKv¸¶v me wKQzB wg‡k Av‡Q †`‡ki m‡½| Kwe †`k‡K wb‡q AvMvgx w`‡bi ¯^cœ †`‡Lb| †`‡ki gvwU, gvbyl I
gvZ…fvlv †hb Kwei ü`‡qi ci‡Z ci‡Z wg‡k Av‡Q| Kwe †`k‡K Mfxifv‡e fv‡jvev‡mb e‡jB Ggb fvebv †f‡e‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki Kwe
GKRb m‡PZb †`k‡cÖwgK| Zvi †`k‡cÖ‡gi R¡jš@ `„óvš@ KweZvi Pi‡Y dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †`k‡cÖ‡gi Av`‡k© DÏxc‡Ki Kwe D¾xweZ n‡q‡Qb|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  126

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq †`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwUi mv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nq| wKš‘
†`k‡cÖ‡gi mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI Avw½K I †PZbvMZ cv_©K¨ ¯“ófv‡eB cÖZxqgvb nq| DÏxc‡K †`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwU cÖZ¨¶fv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Aciw`‡K ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq †`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwU ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avei‡Y dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Kwe gvB‡Kj gaym”`b `Ë fvM¨weow¤^Z n‡q
†`‡ki cÖwZ cÖPÊ fv‡jvevmv Abyfe K‡ib| cÖwZK‚j cwi‡ek-cwiw¯’wZi gy‡LvgywL n‡q Kwe †`‡ki fv‡jvevmvq D¾xweZ n‡q‡Qb|
DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq †`k‡cÖ‡gi welqwU dz‡U DV‡jI ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi iPbv‣kwj I †cÖ¶vcU m¤“”Y© wfbœ| ZvB
Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq we‡kl w`‡Ki mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI Avw½K I †PZbvMZ cv_©K¨ ¯“ófv‡eB cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq we‡kl w`‡Ki mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI Avw½K I †PZbvMZ cv_©K¨ ¯“ófv‡eB cÖZxqgvb nq|
cÖkœ  07 g‡b nq GKw`b AvKv‡ki ïKZviv †`wLe bv Avi;
†`wLe bv †n‡jÂvi †Suvc †_‡K GKSvo †RvbvwK KLb
wb‡f hvqÑ †`wLe bv Avi Avwg GB cwiwPZ euvkeb,
ïK‡bv euv‡ki cvZv-QvIqv gvwU n‡q hv‡e Mfxi Auvavi
Avgvi †Pv‡Li Kv‡QÑ j²xc”wY©gvi iv‡Z †m K‡e Avevi|
K. j²x‡cuPvi K‡É Kx aŸwbZ nq? 1
L. Ô†mvbvi ¯^‡cœi mvaÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †g․wjK †cÖiYv DÏxc‡Ki wPÎK‡í Kxfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvÑ Dfq‡¶‡ÎB Kwei RxebZ…òv‡K Awfbœ ejv hvq wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h j²x‡cuPvi K‡É g½jevZ©v aŸwbZ nq|
i Ô†mvbvi ¯^‡cœi mva c„w_ex‡Z K‡e Avi S‡i|ÕÑ ej‡Z Kwe RM‡Zi †m․›`‡h©i g‡Zv gvby‡li ¯^‡cœi †eu‡P _vKv‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|
mf¨Zvi wewPÎ weeZ©‡bi g‡a¨I cÖK…wZ Zvi iƒc-im-MÜ KL‡bvB nvwi‡q †dj‡e bv| Kwe hLb _vK‡eb bv ZLbI cÖK…wZ Zvi Adziš@
Hk¦h© wb‡q gvby‡li ¯^cœ, mva I Kíbv‡K Z…ß K‡i hv‡e| KviY, c„w_ex‡Z gvbeKj¨v‡Yi evYx ev Kj¨vYKg© †Kv‡bv wKQyB wejxb nq bv|
ïay e¨w³gvbyl nvwi‡q hvq| KviI g„Zz¨‡ZB c„w_exi MwZgqZv I cÖK…wZi ¯^vfvweKZvi †Kv‡bv e¨vNvZ N‡U bv| Kwe g‡b K‡ib wZwb bv
_vK‡jI cÖK…wZi mewKQyB Zvi wbq‡g ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Pj‡e|
Dˇii g”jK_v : cÖK…wZi †m․›`‡h©i g‡Zv gvby‡li ¯^cœI †eu‡P _v‡K, KL‡bv nvivq bv|
j gvbyl I mf¨Zvi bk¦iZvi w`K w`‡q Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †g․wjK †cÖiYv DÏxc‡Ki wPÎK‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq Kwe Rxebvb›` `vk gvbyl I mf¨Zvi bk¦iZv ev ¶Y¯’vwq‡Z¡i w`KwU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| hy‡Mi ci hyM cÖK…wZ Zvi
iƒc-im-MÜ wb‡q GKB iƒ‡c weivR Ki‡Q| †mB Avw`Kv‡j cÖK…wZi †h inm¨ I †m․›`h© wQj AvRI ZvB Av‡Q| gvby‡li Rxeb I gvbe
mf¨Zv cÖK…wZi g‡Zv wPi¯’vqx bq| g„Zz¨i Kv‡Q civRq †g‡b gvbyl‡K GK mgq c„w_ex †_‡K we`vq wb‡Z nq| gvby‡li nv‡Z m„ó mf¨Zv
Kv‡ji AveZ©‡b wejxb n‡q hvq| †hgb Gwkwiqv I e¨vwejbxq mf¨Zv AvR aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q| wKš‘ cÖK…wZi †Kv‡bv aŸsm ev ¶q †bB|
A_©vr cÖK…wZ Awebk¦i wKš‘ gvbyl I mf¨Zv Awebk¦i bq|
DÏxc‡K Rxe‡bi bk¦iZvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| A_©vr gvbeRxeb Awebk¦i bq| ZvB c„w_exi gvqv-ggZvi cÖwZ gvbeg‡b Mfxi AvKzjZv
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Kwe G c„w_ex †_‡K GKw`b we`vq wb‡eb| ZvB wZwb Avk¼v‡eva Ki‡Qb †h, AvKv‡ki ïKZviv, †n‡jÂvi
†Suvc †_‡K Avmv †RvbvwK †cvKv, euvkeb cÖf…wZ Abyl½ Dc‡fvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| g„Zz¨i gva¨‡g Mfxi Auvav‡i Kwe Wz‡e hv‡eb|
c”wY©gvi ivZ Avi †`L‡Z cv‡eb bv| KviY Kwei Rxe‡bi bk¦iZv i‡q‡Q| Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvqI gvby‡li Rxeb I mf¨Zvi bk¦iZvi
K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| ZvB Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †g․wjK †cÖiYv gvbyl I mf¨Zvi bk¦iZv DÏxc‡Ki wPÎK‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gvbyl I mf¨Zvi bk¦iZvi w`K w`‡q Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †g․wjK †cÖiYv DÏxc‡Ki wPÎK‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k DÏxcK I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvÑDfq‡¶‡ÎB Kwei RxebZ…òv‡K Awfbœ ejv hvq|
Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq Kwe cÖK…wZi Awebk¦iZvi K_v e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| cÖK…wZ Awebk¦i n‡jI gvby‡li Rxeb Awebk¦i bq| ZvB
¶wY‡Ki G Rxe‡b cÖK…wZi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmvi ¯^v` †g‡U bv| gvby‡li gb Pvq G cÖK…wZ‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z| Kwe Rxebvb›` `vk GKRb
cÖK…wZ‡cÖwgK Kwe| cÖK…wZi cÖwZ Zvi AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv i‡q‡Q| Kwe g„Zz¨i †Kv‡j X‡j co‡jI cÖK…wZi cÖwZ Zvi fv‡jvevmv KL‡bv †kl
n‡e bv| cÖK…wZi g‡Zv Kwei fv‡jvevmvI Awebk¦i| cÖK…wZ‡cÖ‡gi †Kv‡bv bk¦iZv ev ¶q †bB|
DÏxc‡Ki Kwei g‡a¨ cÖK…wZi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmvi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q| Kwe cÖKwZi wewfbœ Abyl‡½i cÖwZ fv‡jvevmvi `„p cÖZ¨q e¨³
K‡i‡Qb| AvKv‡ki ïKZviv, †RvbvwK †cvKvi wgwUwgwU Av‡jv, c”wY©gv ivZ Kwei Aš@‡i wg‡k Av‡Q| cÖK…wZi G Abyl½My‡jv Kwe‡K
we‡gvwnZ K‡i‡Q| Kwe ü`q w`‡q G Abyl½My‡jv‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m‡Qb| Kwe GKw`b g„Zz¨i Awgq myav cvb Ki‡eb| Kwe wPiZ‡i G c„w_ex
†_‡K we`vq †bIqvi gva¨‡g Zvi Rxeb dzwi‡q †M‡jI fv‡jvevmv dziv‡e bv| Kwei fv‡jvevmvi †Kv‡bv †kl ev Aemvb †bB|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DÏxcK I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi Dfq Kwei RxebZ…òv GK I Awfbœ| ¯’vb, Kvj, cv·f‡` wKQzUv evwn¨K
Am½wZ cwijw¶Z n‡jI †g․wjK wPš@v-†PZbvq †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB| Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq Kwei AZz¨¾¡j cÖK…wZ‡cÖg dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  127

cÖK…wZi Awebk¦iZvi g‡ZvB Kwei fv‡jvevmv ev ¯^cœ Awebk¦i| Avevi DÏxc‡Ki KweI cÖK…wZi cÖwZ †cÖgvm³| cÖK…wZi bvbv Abyl‡½i
cÖwZ Zvi Mfxi AbyivM i‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Kwei G cÖK…wZ‡cÖg wPiš@b I Awebk¦i| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxcK I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ
KweZv Dfq‡¶‡ÎB Kwei RxebZ…òv Awfbœ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvÑDfq‡¶‡ÎB Kwei RxebZ…òv‡K Awfbœ ejv hvq|
cÖkœ  08 P›`ªcyi MÖv‡g †mw`b fxlY hy× nw‛Qj| `yc‡¶ cÖPÊ †MvjvMywj Pj‡Q| cvKevwnbx †mw`b wQj myweavRbK Ae¯’vq| d‡j
ev¼v‡i _vKv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i wcQz nUv Qvov Dcvq wQj bv| wKš‘ †KD GKRb e¨vKAvc bv w`‡j Ab¨‡`i c‡¶ wbivc‡` m‡i hvIqv m¤¢e
wQj bv| ZLb wbf©‡q GwM‡q G‡jv mevi †Qv‡Uv wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v Avey mv‡jK| Zvi †QvÆ Kuv‡a Zz‡j wbj wekvj GK `vwqZ¡| µgvMZ
Mywj Ki‡Z jvMj cvKevwnbxi K¨v¤“ j¶¨ K‡i| Avi †mB Aem‡i wbivc` AvkÖ‡q m‡i †Mj Ab¨ gyw³‡hv×viv|
K. Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb Kx? 1
L. eyavi Kv‡Q Av‡jv-Auvavi `y‡UvB mgvb †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avey mv‡j‡Ki mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi Awfbœ •ewkó¨Ñ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mvgwMÖKZv wPÎvq‡b A¶g|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv Kvwnwb ev Mí|
i ¯^vaxbfv‡e Ny‡i †eov‡bvi †¶‡Î w`bivZ †Kv‡bv evav bq e‡j Av‡jv-Auvavi `y‡UvB eyavi Kv‡Q mgvb|
eyav GwZg nIqvq nv‡U-gv‡V Ny‡i †eovq| Zvi †Pv‡L ivZ †cvnv‡j w`‡bi Av‡jv, m”h© Wze‡j Auvavi| Zvi Kv‡Q c”e©-cwðg, DËi-`w¶Y
me mgvb| †m g‡b K‡i †hw`‡K †PvL hvq †mw`‡KB Zvi Rb¨ iv¯@v †Lvjv, A_©vr †Kv‡bv wcQyUvb †bB Zvi| w`b-iv‡Zi †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB
Zvi Kv‡Q| ¯^vaxb‡PZv eyavi Kv‡Q ZvB Av‡jv-Auvavi `y‡UvB mgvb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ¯^vaxb‡PZv eyavi Kv‡Q †hLv‡b †mLv‡b Ny‡i †eov‡bvi †¶‡Î Av‡jv-Auvavi †Kv‡bv evavi m„wó K‡i bv|
j DÏxc‡Ki Avey mv‡j‡Ki mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi Awfbœ •ewkó¨ n‡jv `ytmvnwmKZv|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav PwiÎwU AZ¨š@ Myi‚Z¡c”Y© GKwU PwiÎ| eyav eq‡m wK‡kvi n‡jI †m AZ¨š@ `ytmvnmx| †m AKz‡Zvfq Pwi‡Îi
AwaKvix| Zvi g‡b †Kv‡bv fq-fxwZ †bB| †m g„Zz¨‡K †Kv‡bv c‡ivqv K‡i bv| Zvi g‡b g„Zz¨i fq †bB| GRb¨B †m `ytmvnmx g‡bvfv‡ei
AwaKvix n‡Z †c‡i‡Q| cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx b„ksm nZ¨vhÁ Pvjv‡j wK‡kvi eyav cÖwZev`x n‡q I‡V| †m gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡q
`ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b Ask †bq|
DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K j¶ Ki‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, †mLv‡b Avey mv‡jK bvgK GKRb wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v i‡q‡Q| Avey mv‡jK AZ¨š@
`ytmvnmx GKRb wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v| †m g„Zz¨‡K Zz‛QÁvb K‡i gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| P›`ªcyi MÖv‡g gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mv‡_ cvwK¯@vwb
evwnbxi cÖPÊ hy× nq| D³ hy‡× gyw³‡hv×v‡`i wcQz nUv Qvov †Kv‡bv Dcvq wQj bv| wKš‘ †KD GKRb e¨vKAvc bv w`‡j
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i wbivc‡` m‡i hvIqv m¤¢e wQj bv| Ggb gyn”‡Z© wK‡kvi Avey mv‡jK cvKevwnbxi K¨v¤“ j¶ K‡i µgvMZ Mywj Ki‡Z
_v‡K| G‡Z Zvi `ytmvnwmKZvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Avey mv‡j‡Ki mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi
Awfbœ •ewkó¨ n‡jv `ytmvnwmKZv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Avey mv‡j‡Ki mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi Awfbœ •ewkó¨ n‡jv `ytmvnwmKZv|
k ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mvgwMÖKZv wPÎvq‡b A¶g|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m 1971 mv‡j msNwUZ gyw³hy‡×i NUbvewj ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| gyw³hy‡×i NUbvi cvkvcvwk mvgvwRK wewfbœ wel‡qi
weeiYI dz‡U D‡V‡Q| evOvwj RvwZi wPi cÖZ¨vwkZ ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi i³v³ BwZnv‡mi avivweeiYx Dcb¨vmwU‡Z wea„Z n‡q‡Q| hy‡×i
NUbvewj QvovI wK‡kvi eyavi ¯^cwievi K‡jiv gnvgvix‡Z gviv hvIqv, Afve-AbUb cÖf…wZ wel‡qi eY©bv i‡q‡Q| cvKevwnbxi wbg©g
nZ¨vKvÊ I Zv‡`i †`vmi ivRvKvi‡`i KzKg© Dcb¨vmwU‡K we‡kl •ewkó¨gwÊZ K‡i‡Q| GQvov gyw³‡hv×v‡`i `ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡bi
K_vI ejv n‡q‡Q| Dcb¨v‡mi cy‡iv Kvwnwb‡Z eyavi c`PviYv i‡q‡Q| wK‡kvi eyavB G Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ|
DÏxc‡K gyw³hy‡×i GKwU LwÊZ wP·K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| gyw³‡hv×viv P›`ªcyi MÖv‡g cvKevwnbxi mv‡_ hy× KiwQj| wKš‘ gyw³‡hv×viv
AbyK‚j Ae¯’v‡b wQ‡jb bv| d‡j †mw`b Zv‡`i‡K wcQz nUv Qvov †Kv‡bv Dcvq wQj bv| wKš‘ wcQz nU‡Z †M‡j Zv‡`i e¨vKAvc Gi
cÖ‡qvRb wQj| Zv‡`i‡K e¨vKAvc †`Iqvi Rb¨ GwM‡q Av‡m wK‡kvi †hv×v Avey mv‡jK| †m A¯¿ nv‡Z wb‡q w¶cÖMwZ‡Z µgvMZ Mywj
Ki‡Z _v‡K cvK‡mbv‡`i K¨v¤“‡K j¶¨ K‡i| Avi G my‡hv‡M gyw³‡hv×viv wbivc` AvkÖ‡q m‡i hvq|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mvgwMÖKZv wPÎvq‡b A¶g| KviY ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi
Kvwnwb AZ¨š@ e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| gyw³hy‡×i wewfbœ †cÖ¶vc‡Ui we¯@vwiZ eY©bv Dcb¨vmwU‡Z j¶ Kiv hvq| c¶vš@‡i DÏxc‡K
gyw³hy‡×i GKwU LwÊZ As‡ki weeiY cvIqv hvq| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i `ytmvnmx Awfhv‡bi GKwU bgybv DÏxc‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| hv
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi GKwU we‡kl Ask‡K aviY K‡i‡Q| Dcb¨vmwUi mvgwMÖKfve‡K aviY Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| myZivs cÖ‡kœv³
gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi GKwU we‡kl Ask‡K aviY K‡i‡Q gvÎ; hv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mvgwMÖKZv wPÎvq‡b A¶g|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  128

cÖkœ  09
(i) ¯^vaxbZv bvgK kãwU
fivU Mjvq `xß D‛PviY K‡i evievi
Z…wß †c‡Z PvB|...........
¯^vaxbZv kã GZ wcÖq †h Avgvi
KL‡bv Rvwbwb Av‡M|
(ii) ÔAvevi Avme wd‡iÕ e‡j mRxe wK‡kvi
kv‡U©i Avw¯@b `ª‚Z †MvUv‡Z †MvUv‡Z
†úvMv‡bi wbfuvR DjÐv‡m
evievi wg‡k hvq bZzb wgwQ‡j, †d‡i bv Avi|
K. eyav Kx‡m eyK DRvo K‡i †`q? 1
L. Ôhy× QvovI giY _v‡KÕÑ Kzwš@ GK_v e‡jwQj †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-Gi †PZbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ †Kvb w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c”Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK (ii)-Gi wK‡kv‡ii •ewkó¨B ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m kvnveywχbi g‡b eyavi Qwe AuvKevi †cÖiYv RywM‡qwQj|ÓÑ
Dw³wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h eyav Mv‡b eyK DRvo K‡i †`q|
i wL‡`i R¦vjvqI †h gvby‡li g„Zz¨ n‡Z cv‡i †m cÖm‡½ Kzwš@ GK_vwU e‡jwQj|
Pvicv‡k hy× Pj‡jI Lvevi †RvMvo Ki‡Z nq mevB‡K| gi‡Yi f‡q N‡i e‡m _vK‡j P‡j bv| eyavi †evb Kzwš@I ZvB †ewi‡qwQj
kvcjv Zz‡j G‡b ivbœv Kivi Rb¨| hy‡×i f‡q N‡i e‡m _vK‡j g„Zz¨ n‡e bv †L‡q| G mZ¨ Dcjwä K‡i Kzwš@ e‡jwQj Ôhy× QvovI
giY _v‡KÕ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : wL‡`i R¦vjvqI †h gvby‡li g„Zz¨ n‡Z cv‡i †m cÖm‡½ Kzwš@ GK_vwU e‡jwQj|
j DÏxcK (i)-Gi †PZbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyav Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ¯^vaxbZv cÖZ¨vkvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| evsjvi gvby‡li cÖwZ cvwK¯@vwb •mb¨‡`i cvkweK wbh©vZ‡bi wPÎ
Dcb¨vmwU‡Z dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Zv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡i AwZô n‡q evsjvi ¯^vaxbZvKvgx gvbyl gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i `‡j eyav bvgK GK
wK‡kvi †hv×v †hvM`vb K‡i| eyav wK‡kvi n‡jI Zvi g‡b wQj cÖwZ‡kv‡ai AvMyb| eyav Zv‡`i Ici cÖwZ‡kva MÖnY K‡i G‡`k I †`‡ki
gvbyl‡K ¯^vaxb Ki‡Z Pvq| KviY Zvi gbcÖvY Ry‡o i‡q‡Q ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZ¨vkv| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ eyavi ü`q Aaxi AvMÖ‡n A‡c¶gvb wQj|
DÏxc‡K ¯^vaxbZvi AvKv¸¶v e¨³ n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZv bvgK kãwU fivU Mjvq `xß D‛Pvi‡Yi Rb¨ ejv n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZv kãwU
D‛Pvi‡YiB gva¨‡g mevB Z…wß †c‡Z PvB| ¯^vaxbZv kãwU KZ †h wcÖq Zv ü`q w`‡q Abyfe Ki‡Z nq| †hfv‡e DÏxc‡Ki Kwe ¯^vaxbZv
kãwU‡K cig ggZvq Aš@‡i jvjb K‡i‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki b¨vq ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi wK‡kvi eyavI ¯^vaxbZv‡K ü`q w`‡q Abyfe
K‡i‡Q| Avi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨B †m gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq, ¯^vaxbZv cÖZ¨vkvi w`K w`‡q DÏxcK (i)-Gi †PZbv
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (i)-Gi †PZbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyav Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ¯^vaxbZv cÖZ¨vkvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mv`„k¨c”Y©|
k ÒDÏxcK (ii)-Gi wK‡kv‡ii •ewkó¨B ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m kvnveywχbi g‡b eyavi Qwe AuvKevi †cÖiYv RywM‡qwQj|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi wK‡kvi eyav gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i KgvÛvi wQj kvnveywÏb| kvnveywÏb wQj AvU© K‡j‡Ri
QvÎ| eyav kvnveywχbi mv‡_ `ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b Ask †bq| eyavi Amxg mvnm †`‡L kvnveywÏb Awff‚Z n‡q hvq| ZvB †m †`k ¯^vaxb
nIqvi ci wK‡kvi eyavi Qwe AuvK‡Z Pvq| eyavi Qwe AuvKvi B‛Qvi gva¨‡g eyavi cÖwZ Zvi AK…wÎg †øn-fv‡jvevmvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
kvnveywÏb eyavi mvnmx Kg©Kv‡Ê AZ¨š@ mš‘ó n‡qwQj| eyav‡K †m g‡bcÖv‡Y fv‡jvevmZ|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×vi mvnmxKZv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| †`k ¯^vaxb K‡i Avevi wd‡i Avme e‡j †m wgwQ‡j †hvM †`q|
kv‡U©i Avw¯@b `ª‚Z †MvUv‡Z †MvUv‡Z wgwQ‡j wM‡q †úvMvb w`‡Z _v‡K| †úvMv‡bi wbfuvR DjÐv‡m evievi †m wg‡k hvq bZzb wgwQ‡j| wKš‘
†m Avi wd‡i Av‡m bv| KviY †m kwn` nq| Gfv‡e kZkZ wK‡kv‡ii AvÍ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Av‡›`vjb mdj nq| GRb¨ wgwQj I
mfv-mgv‡e‡k wK‡kvi‡`i Ae`vb AZ¨š@ Zvrch©c”Y©|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DÏxcK (ii)-Gi wK‡kv‡ii •ewkó¨B ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi kvnveywχbi g‡b eyavi Qwe AuvKevi †cÖiYv RywM‡qwQj|
KviY wK‡kvi eyav wQj AZ¨š@ mvnmx| †iwK Kiv †_‡K ev¼v‡i gvBb cuy‡Z ivLvi g‡Zv `ytmvnmx KvR †m mdj K‡iwQj| GRb¨ eyavi
Kv‡R kvnveywÏb AZ¨š@ Lywk n‡qwQj| ZvB †m eyavi Qwe AuvKvi B‛Qv cÖKvk K‡iwQj| hy× PjvKv‡j Qwe AuvKv m¤¢e wQj bv| ZvB †`k
¯^vaxb n‡j kvnveywÏb eyavi Qwe AuvKvi B‛Qv †cvlY K‡i| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (ii)-Gi wK‡kv‡ii •ewkó¨B ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m kvnveywχbi g‡b eyavi Qwe AuvKevi †cÖiYv RywM‡qwQj|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  129

cÖkœ  10 `wi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y Kzmy‡gi evev †g‡qi cov‡jLvi LiP Avi Pvjv‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| ZvB wZwb KviI gZvgZ bv wb‡qB cv‡ki
MÖv‡gi eq¯‥ I wecZœxK iRe wgqvi mv‡_ Zvi ¯‥zjco~qv †g‡qi we‡q wVK K‡i Av‡mb| cov‡jLvq AvMÖnx Kzmyg Ggb we‡q‡Z cÖej
AvcwË Rvbv‡jI †KD Zvi B‛Qvi Myi‚Z¡ †`q bv| Kzmy‡gi ¯‥zj-wk¶K me NUbv Rvb‡Z †c‡i we‡qi w`b 999-G Kj K‡i cÖkvm‡bi
mnvqZvq Kzmy‡gi evj¨we‡q †VKv‡Z m¶g nb| †mB mv‡_ wZwb Kzmy‡gi cov‡jLvi hveZxq LiP wb‡R enb Kivi Avk¦vm †`b|
K. Ô†Qv‡Uv gy‡L e‡ov K_vÕÑ †K e‡jwQj? 1
L. ÒBnv civwRZ k΂i †kl `vweÓÑ K_vwU †Kvb cÖm‡½ ejv n‡qwQj? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ¯‥zj-wk¶K †Kvb w`K †_‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji mv‡_ Zzjbxq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Kzmyg‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi m¤“”Y© cÖwZiƒc ejv hvq wK? †Zvgvi †h․w³K gZvgZ `vI| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Ô†Qv‡Uvgy‡L e‡ov K_vÕÑ K_vwU nwKKzjÐvn&& e‡jwQj|
i ÔBnv civwRZ kÎyi †kl `vweÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q ewncxi hLb Zvi meiKg K‚U‡K․kj Pvwj‡q e¨_© n‡q‡Qb ZLbB nv‡Zg
Avwj‡K UvKv MÖn‡Yi Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q GK_v e‡j‡Qb|
ewncxi Zvi ¯¿x Zv‡niv‡K Zvi mv‡_ wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ wewfbœ Kzeyw× I K‚U‡K․kj cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi i¶vi Rb¨ A_©
w`‡q Zvi wewbg‡q Zv‡niv‡K Zvi nv‡Z Zy‡j w`‡Z bvbv †K․kj Aej¤^b K‡ib| wKš‘ mKj †Póv e¨_© nIqvi ci ewncxi wb‡R‡K civwRZ
wn‡m‡e †g‡b †bb Ges nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi i¶vi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© webv k‡Z© MÖn‡Yi Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q Dchy³ Dw³wU K‡ib|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ewncx‡ii me †Póv e¨_© n‡j nv‡Zg Avwj‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡i|
j Kzmy‡gi cÖwZ gvbweKZv cÖ`k©‡bi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ¯‥zj wk¶K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji mv‡_ Zzjbxq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj mvgvwRK m‡PZb GKRb gvbyl| †m Kzms¯‥vigy³ Rxebhvc‡b Af¨¯@| Zvi g‡b AÜwek¦vm e‡j wKQz
†bB| KviY †m AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z| wcicÖ_v‡K †m g‡bcÖv‡Y N„Yv K‡i| ewncxi †Rvic”e©K Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z PvB‡j nv‡kg Avwj
evav`vb K‡i| ïay evav`vb K‡iB †m ¶vš@ nqwb| Zv‡nivi AwbwðZ fwel¨‡Zi K_v †f‡e Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z m¤§Z nq|
DÏxc‡Ki Kzmy‡gi evev Kzmy‡gi gZvgZ bv wb‡qB Zvi we‡q wVK K‡i| hvi mv‡_ we‡q wVK Kiv nq wZwb n‡jb cv‡ki MÖv‡gi eq¯‥ I
wecZœxK iRe wgqv| Amg G we‡q‡Z ¯‥zjco~qv Kzmyg cÖej AvcwË Rvbvq| wKš‘ Zvi evev G wel‡q †Kv‡bv KY©cvZ K‡iwb| NUbvµ‡g
Kzmy‡gi ¯‥zj wk¶K me NUbv Rvb‡Z †c‡i cÖkvm‡bi mnvqZvq evj¨we‡q eÜ Ki‡Z m¶g nb| †mB mv‡_ wZwb Kzmy‡gi cov‡jLvi
hveZxq LiP wb‡R enb Kivi Avk¦vm cÖ`vb K‡ib| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg AvwjI Amnvq Zv‡niv‡K we‡q K‡i Zv‡nivi me `vwqZ¡
Kuv‡a Zz‡j †bb| myZivs Amnv‡qi `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ¯‥zj wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj Zzjbxq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Amnv‡qi `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ¯‥zj wk¶K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji mv‡_ Zzjbxq|

k DÏxc‡Ki Kzmyg‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi m¤“”Y© cÖwZiƒc ejv hvq bv|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv AZ¨š@ cÖwZev`x PwiÎ| GgbwK Zv‡niv mvgvwRK Kzms¯‥vigy³ bvix| †m AÜ wcicÖ_vq wek¦vmx bq| ZvB
ewncxi‡K †m we‡q Ki‡Z ivwR nqwb| ZvQvov ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡nivi eq‡mi †Kv‡bv mvgÄm¨ wQj bv| Gme Kvi‡YB Zv‡niv ewncx‡ii
nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq| wKš‘ NUbvµ‡g Rwg`v‡ii eRivq AvkÖq wb‡j †mLv‡bI Zv‡K ewncx‡ii gy‡LvgywL
n‡Z nq| Zv‡niv †mLv‡bI `„p g‡bvej eRvq iv‡L| †Kv‡bv fv‡eB †m ewncxi‡K we‡q Ki‡Z m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡iwb| G‡¶‡Î Zv‡niv
Abgbxq f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡K Kzmy‡gi evev AZ¨š@ `wi`ª| `wi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y †m cv‡ki MÖv‡gi eq¯‥ I wecZœxK iRe wgqvi mv‡_ Kzmy‡gi we‡q wVK K‡i|
wKš‘ Kzmyg wKQz‡ZB G we‡q‡Z ivwR wQj bv| GRb¨ Zvi cÖej AvcwËi K_v Zvi evev‡K Rvbvq| wKš‘ Kzmy‡gi evev Kzmy‡gi K_v
†kv‡bwb| Kzmy‡gi `yie¯’vi K_v Zvi ¯‥zj wk¶K Rvb‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB wZwb 999-G Kj K‡i cÖkvm‡bi mnvqZvq evj¨ weevn cÖwZnZ
K‡ib| Kzmy‡gi `wi`ªZvi K_v wPš@v K‡i ¯‥zj wk¶K Kzmy‡gi cov‡jLvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Kzmyg ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi m¤“”Y© cÖwZiƒc bq| KviY Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi me
•ewkó¨ Kzmy‡gi g‡a¨ cÖwZdwjZ nqwb| DÏxc‡Ki Kzmyg ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi g‡Zv cÖwZev`x n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb| Kzmyg I Zv‡nivi
g‡a¨ Amg we‡qi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wKQyUv mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| Df‡qi ei wQj AZ¨š@ eq¯‥| Zv‡`i mv‡_ eq‡mi e¨eavb wQj A‡bK †ewk|
Gme welq QvovI ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Zv‡nivi Rxe‡b A‡bK bvUKxq NUbv N‡U‡Q| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki Kzmy‡gi Rxe‡b †ZgbwU N‡Uwb|
Zv‡niv ewncx‡ii nvZ †_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ evwo †_‡K cvwj‡qwQj| A_P Kzmyg GgbwU K‡iwb| myZivs GUv my¯“ófv‡eB cÖZxqgvb nq †h,
DÏxc‡Ki Kzmyg ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi m¤“”Y© cÖwZiƒc bq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Kzmgy ‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi m¤“”Y© cÖwZiƒc ejv hvq bv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  130

cÖkœ  11 cÖwZeQi eb¨vq euva †f‡½ MÖvg cÐvweZ nq| i³ cvwb Kiv †mvbvi dmj, gvbyl, †Mvi‚ me eb¨vq fvwm‡q wb‡q hvq|
•`ewek¦v‡mi Ici fi K‡i MÖv‡gi gvZeŸi iwng m`©vi Gevi euva i¶vi Rb¨ Pvwl‡`i‡K GKRb bvgKiv wc‡ii kiYvcbœ n‡Z civgk©
†`b| c¶vš@‡i MÖv‡gi wkw¶Z hyeK gwZ gv÷vi GK`j †jvK wb‡q cÖPÊ So-e„wó mn¨ K‡i iv‡Zi g‡a¨B gvwU †K‡U euva gReyZ K‡i|
cÖvK…wZK wech©‡qi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq MÖv‡gi gvby‡li K‡ói †mvbvi dmj|
K. bvU‡Ki cÖvY †KvbwU? 1
L. ÒbZzb GK Rxe‡bi ¯^v` †c‡qwQ|ÓÑ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iwng m`©v‡ii civgk© ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb w`KwU Bw½Z K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj mgv_©K PwiÎ n‡q D‡V‡Q wK? †Zvgvi g‡Zi mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h bvU‡Ki cÖvY n‡jv msjvc|
i ÔbZzb GK Rxe‡bi ¯^v` †c‡qwQ|Õ K_vwU Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj e‡j‡Qb|
Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj Rwg`vwi i¶v Kivi UvKv †RvMvo Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| ewncxi Zv‡K †mB UvKv KR© w`‡q wewbg‡q Zv‡niv‡K m‡½
†bIqvi cÖ¯@ve K‡ib| GB cÖ¯@v‡e Rwg`v‡ii ¯¿x †Lv‡`Rv ivwR n‡jI nv‡Zg Avwj welqwU †evSvi †Póv K‡ib| nv‡k‡gi Kv‡Q me
ï‡b wZwb hLb welqwU eyS‡Z cv‡ib ZLb ewncx‡ii cÖ¯@ve wdwi‡q †`b| wZwb ewncxi‡K e‡jb, ÒAvwg Gfv‡e UvKv wb‡Z cvie bv|
hvq hvK Rwg`vwi|Ó ZLb ewncxi Rvb‡Z Pvb, K_vwU wZwb †f‡e e‡j‡Qb wK bv| nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡K Rvbvb †h, nVvr Zvi me fq-fvebv
†K‡U †M‡Q Ges wZwb GK bZzb Rxe‡bi ¯^v` †c‡q‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : UvKv wb‡q Rwg`vwi i¶v Kivi Rb¨ a”Z© ewncx‡ii cÖ¯@v‡e ivwR bv n‡q Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj ewncxi‡K cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
KviY wZwb wQ‡jb mZ¨ev`x I Zv‡nivi cÖwZ gvbweK|
j DÏxc‡Ki iwng m`©v‡ii civgk© ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki wc‡ii cÖwZ AÜ AbyKi‡Yi w`KwU Bw½Z K‡i|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewncx‡ii AmsL¨ Abymvix i‡q‡Q| Zvi Abymvixiv Zv‡K mviv¶Y AÜ AbyKiY K‡i _v‡K| g”jZ Zvi Abymvixiv m‡PZb
bq| Zv‡`i g‡b Kzms¯‥vi Rwo‡q Av‡Q| GRb¨ Zviv mZ¨-wg_¨v, b¨vq-Ab¨vq Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wc‡ii †L`gZ Kiv‡KB Zviv
ag©xq KvR g‡b K‡i| wKš‘ wcicÖ_vi m‡½ a‡g©i †Kv‡bv m¤“K© †bB| fÊwc‡iiv a‡g©i †jevm c‡i ag©cÖvY gvbyl‡`i mv‡_ †avKvevwR
K‡i| A_P mvaviY gvbyl Zv eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv ewncx‡ii AÜf³| GRb¨ Zviv Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii
nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z †P‡qwQj| Avevi Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji ¯¿x †Lv‡`RvI ewncx‡ii AÜ Abymvix|
DÏxc‡K cÖwZ eQi eb¨vi euva †f‡O MÖvg cÐvweZ nIqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| eb¨vi cvwb gvby‡li evwo-Ni, dmj, †Mvi‚ fvwm‡q wb‡q hvq| G
†_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Avkvq MÖv‡gi gvZei iwng m`©vi mevB‡K GKwU civgk© †`b| wZwb e‡jb eb¨vi cvwb †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ GKRb
bvgKiv wc‡ii kiYvcbœ n‡Z n‡e| D³ wci eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K MÖvgevmx‡`i i¶v Ki‡e| DÏxc‡Ki iwng m`©v‡ii aviYvwU m¤“”Y© fzj|
KviY eb¨v †_‡K gvbyl‡K i¶v Kivi ¶gZv †Kv‡bv wc‡ii †bB| A_P MÖv‡gi Awkw¶Z †jv‡Kiv Gme åvš@ aviYvq wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i
_v‡K| MÖv‡gi gvbyl Kzms¯‥v‡i wek¦vmx nIqvq Zviv wc‡ii AÜ AbyKiY K‡i _v‡K| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki iwng m`©v‡ii civgk©wU ÔewncxiÕ
bvU‡Ki wc‡ii cÖwZ AÜ AbyKi‡Yi w`KwU Bw½Z K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki iwng m`©v‡ii civgk© ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki wc‡ii cÖwZ AÜ AbyKi‡Yi w`KwU Bw½Z K‡i|
k DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj mgv_©K PwiÎ n‡q D‡V‡Q e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewncx‡ii AmsL¨ AÜ Abymvix i‡q‡Q| Z‡e mevB Zvi AÜ Abymvix bq| KwZcq e¨w³eM© i‡q‡Q hviv fÊ wc‡ii
fÊvwg‡Z wek¦vmx bq; eis wc‡ii fÊvwg‡K cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Zv‡`i msL¨v Zzjbvg”jKfv‡e Kg| mvnmx g‡bvfve wb‡q wc‡ii
AcKg© eÜ Kivi Rb¨ A‡b‡KB GwM‡q Avm‡Z ¯^v‛Q›`¨‡eva K‡i bv| Avi G my‡hvM‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q fÊ wc‡iiv a‡g©i †jevm aviY K‡i
Zviv gvbyl‡K †avKv †`q| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewncx‡ii wei‚‡× Ae¯’vb †bq nv‡kg Avwj| †m wc‡ii AcK‡g© evav †`q| ewncxi †Rvic”e©K
Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z PvB‡j nv‡kg Avwj Gi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv K‡i| †m Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii nvZ †_‡K euvPvq| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg
Avwj AvÍm‡PZb I Kzms¯‥vigy³ GKwU PwiÎ|
DÏxc‡K eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K MÖvgevmx‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ iwng m`©vi GKRb bvgKiv wc‡ii kiYvcbœ nIqvi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| iwng
m`©v‡ii G civg‡k© wc‡ii cÖwZ Zvi AÜ AbyKi‡Yi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi m¤“”Y© wecixZ| †m wc‡ii A‡j․wKK
¶gZvq wek¦vmx bq| †m wkw¶Z, AvÍm‡PZb GKRb gvbyl| †m †ckvq GKRb wk¶K| ZvB MÖvgevmx‡K eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨
GK`j †jvK wb‡q Kv‡R †b‡g c‡o| cÖPÊ So-e„wó mn¨ K‡i iv‡Zi g‡a¨B gvwU †K‡U euva gReyZ K‡i| Zvi `ytmvnwmK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g
gvivÍK eb¨v †_‡K MÖvgwU i¶v cvq| i¶v cvq MÖv‡gi gvby‡li djv‡bv †mvbvi dmj I †Mvi‚-QvMj|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj mgv_©K PwiÎ n‡q D‡V‡Q| `yR‡bi
Kv‡Ri †cÖ¶vcU wKQzUv wfbœ n‡jI Kv‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ I djvdj g”jZ GK I Awfbœ| Zviv `yR‡bB fÊ wc‡ii AbyKiYgy³| Zviv AvaywbK
wk¶vq wkw¶Z i‚wPevb gvbyl| GRb¨ ag©xq Kzms¯‥vi Zv‡`i‡K MÖvm Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj ewncx‡ii nvZ †_‡K
Zv‡niv‡K i¶v K‡i‡Q| Zv‡nivi AwbwðZ Rxe‡bi fqvenZv Dcjwä K‡i Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z m¤§Z n‡q‡Q| Aciw`‡K DÏxc‡Ki gwZ
gv÷vi gvwU †K‡U euva gReyZ K‡i eb¨vi nvZ †_‡K MÖvgevmx‡`i i¶v K‡i‡Q| †m †Kv‡bv wc‡ii kiYvcbœ n‡Z hvqwb| myZivs DÏxc‡Ki
gwZ gv÷vi I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj mgv_©K PwiÎ n‡q D‡V‡Q e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki gwZ gv÷vi I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj mgv_©K PwiÎ n‡q D‡V‡Q e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  131

ivRkvnx †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg”n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U
Kjg Øviv m¤“”Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. †K ÔmyfviÕ gh©v`v eySZ? 15. ÔM”pZË¡Õ ej‡Z wci mv‡ne Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb?
E myfvi evev F cÖZvc E `y‡e©va¨ NUbv F Ava¨vwÍK welq
 G me©kx-cv½ywj H myfvi gv  G cÖ‛Qbœ e¨vcvi H ev¯@e Ávb
2. Ôe½‡`kx evK¨Õ ej‡Z Kwe eywS‡q‡QbÑ 16. gvB‡b c‡b‡iv UvKv ï‡b ggZvw`i `y‡Pv‡L Rj G‡jv †Kb?
E evsjv fvlv F wnw›` fvlv G gvZ…fvlv H mKj fvlv
E Avb‡›` F K…ZÁZvq
3. Kx‡mi ¯“‡k© gvby‡li gbcÖvY mRxe, m‡ZR I mRvM n‡q D‡V?
 G K‡ó H D‡ËRbvq
E mvwnZ¨ F A_© G Avb›` H jvB‡eªwi
4. ÔZvn‡j kvjv †mvRv c_ †`LÕÑG ev‡K¨ cÖKvk cvqÑ 17. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ÔbZzb w`‡bi cÖZ¨vkvÕ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †Kvb K_vq?
E N„Yv F †¶vf G weiw³ H AK…ZÁZv E mnvbyf‚wZi wPwV F kc‡_i wPwV
5. ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m eyav ¯^vaxb gvbyl nIqvi my‡hvM cvqÑ  G AvKvk n‡q‡Q jvj H †`Lv †`‡e eywS cÖfvZ GLywb
i. PvwPi evwo †_‡K †ei n‡q ii. GKv _vKvi Af¨v‡m 18. ÔAvgiv wZbRb bB, GKRbÕÑG Dw³‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
iii. MÖv‡gi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i E †`k‡cÖg F cÖwZev`
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  G AvÍwek^vm H HK¨‡eva
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 19 I 20bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
6. ÔAcy‡KÕ WvKvi mgq `yM©vi Kɯ^‡i wQjÑ Òbgt bgt bgt my›`ix gg Rbbx e½f‚wg
E fq F mZK©Zv G RoZv H Av`i
M½vi Zxi, wø» mgxi, Rxeb Ryov‡j Zzwg|Ó
7. ÔivZ †kl n‡q m”h© DV‡e K‡e?Õ GLv‡b ÔivZÕ K_vwU Kx A‡_©
e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q? 19. DÏxc‡K ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb fvewU aiv c‡o‡Q?
E Av‡jvi Afve F †kvlY-eÂbv E †`k‡cÖg F ¯§„wZKvZiZv
 G Amnvq Rxeb H `ytL-`y`©kv  G wgbwZ H mskq
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 8 I 9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 20. mv`„k¨c”Y© fvewU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †Kvb Pi‡Y?
Òb`x Kfz cvb bvwn K‡i wbR Rj E Avi wK †n n‡e †`Lv? F Mv‡e e½R R‡bi Kv‡b
Zi‚MY bvwn Lvq wbR wbR dj  G `y»-†mªv‡Zviƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg-¯@‡b|
Mvfx Kfz bvwn K‡i wbR `y» cvb H mZZ, †n b`, Zzwg co †gvi g‡b!
Kvô `» n‡q K‡i c‡i Abœ`vb|Ó 21. Kvwnwbi welqe¯‘ I cwiYwZi w`K †_‡K wePvi Ki‡j bvUK
8. DÏxc‡K ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi †Kvb w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? cÖavbZ KZ cÖKvi?
E DcKvwiZv F AmnvqZ¡ G gy»Zv H cÖksmv
E `yB F wZb G Pvi H cuvP
9. mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwUi h_v_© cÖKvk N‡UÑ
E Kwei AvPi‡Y F weÁ‡`i K_vq
22. ÔMY m”‡h©i gÂÕ †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi †Kvb cÖv‡š@ wbwg©Z n‡qwQj?
 G wbgMv‡Qi B‛Qvq H Kweiv‡Ri Kv‡R E DËi F `w¶Y G c”e© H cwðg
10. Ôey‡SwQ wKw¯@gvZ Kiv PvjÕÑ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K G Dw³wU Kvi? 23. Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖeÜ Abyhvqx wk¶vi Avmj KvR †KvbwU?
E Zv‡niv F nv‡Zg Avwj E Ávb cwi‡ekb F AvwÍK gyw³ 
 G nv‡kg Avwj H ewncxi  G eyw×i weKvk H g”j¨‡eva m„wó
11. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwei g‡Z †KvbwU `yt‡Li duvwm civi kvwgj? 24. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq mMxi Avjx wQ‡jbÑ
E my‡Li Avkv Kiv F Rxeb‡K e„_v fvev E mvnmx F Kg©V G †Rvqvb H †ZwR
 G mgq AcPq Kiv H AZxZ‡K †W‡K Avbv 25. Kx †L‡j eyavi gMR f‡i?
12. Ôc„w_exi GB me Mí †eu‡P i‡e wPiKvjÕÑ GLv‡b cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ E evZvm F †iv` G †RvQbv H cvwb
i. cÖK…wZi wbZ¨Zv ii. RM‡Zi †m․›`h©gqZv
26. wbw`©ó I ¶z`ª cwim‡i eY©bvÍK iPbv‡K Kx ejv nq?
iii. c„w_exi engvbZv
E Kw_Kv F †Qv‡UvMí G cÖeÜ H bvwUKv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii 27. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq †Q‡j gv‡K mvZbix wmKv f‡i Kx ivL‡Z e‡j‡Q?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 13 I 14bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : E ûo~‡gi †Kvjv F Xu¨v‡ci †gvqv
ÒAa© c„w_ex K‡i‡Q kvmb ayjvi ZL‡Z ewm  G †LuR‡y ii Myo H bqv cvUvwj
†LRyi cvZvi cÖvmv` †Zvgvi ev‡i ev‡i †M‡Q Lwm|Ó 28. ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvq Ave`yi ingv‡bi g‡a¨ dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ
13. DÏxc‡Ki PiY؇q Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z gnvbwei †Kvb i. mijZv ii. †`k‡cÖg iii. AvwZ‡_qZv
MyYwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E wb‡j©vf gvbwmKZv F wbinsKvi g‡bvfve E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
 G PvwiwÎK gnvbyfeZv H Abvo¤^i Rxebhvcb 29. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq evOvwji HK¨e× Av‡›`vj‡bi wb`k©b †KvbwU?
14. D³ MyY cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q †h ev‡K¨Ñ E •KeZ© we‡`ªvn F ¶zw`ivg I m”h©‡mb
i. †¯^‛Qvq wZwb `vwi‡`ª¨i K›UKgyKzU gv_vq cwi‡jb|
 G mve©‡f․g ev‡iv fu”Bqv H ivóªfvlvi jvj ivRc_ 
ii. Avwg ivRv bB, mgªvU bB, gvby‡li cÖfz bB|
iii. wbt¯^ KvOv‡ji †e‡k gnvbwe g„Zz¨ in‡m¨i †`‡k Pwjqv †M‡jb
30. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ÔwciÕ mv‡ne‡K gywi`vbiv Kxfv‡e †eu‡a †i‡L‡Q?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E kÖ×vi m‡½ F Av¯’vi mv‡_
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii  G Av‡ówc‡ô H gvqvi e܇b

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  132

ivRkvnx †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj) welq †KvW 1 0 1
[2023 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c”Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi h_vh_ DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU,
L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU I N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwUmn †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi
Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `”lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| dzjevey evsjv‡`k †_‡K wPwKrmvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †KvjKvZvq hvb| Zvi eÜy iweb Zv‡K †`Lv‡kvbvi Kv‡R †mv‡gb‡K wb‡qvwRZ K‡i| ivbœvevbœv, Ni
†MvQv‡bv, evRvi Kiv, †Kv‡bv Kv‡R AjmZv †bB †mv‡g‡bi| Avš@wiKZvi mv‡_ †m dzjeveyi †mev hZœ K‡i| †`‡k †divi mgq n‡j dzjevey
†mv‡gb‡K m‡½ wb‡q †h‡Z PvB‡j †m e‡j, ÒG †`k †Q‡o Avwg †Kv_vI hv‡ev bv evey| LvB ev bv LvB, †`‡ki gvwU AuvK‡o c‡o _vK‡Z PvB|Ó
K. eid Av‡m †Kv_v †_‡K? 1
L. Kvey‡ji nvIqv †Zv nvIqv bq AvZmevwRi névÑ †Kb GK_v ejv n‡q‡Q? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki dzjeveyi †mevhZœ cvIqvi welqwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`K‡K Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †mv‡gb Ges ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingvb `yR‡bB ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡g DÏxßÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY K‡iv| 4
2| M„nKg©x wn‡m‡e MÖvg †_‡K Av‡mb cvZvi gv| †lv‡jv eQi hveZ mygbv‡`i evmvq cÖvq me KvR K‡ib wZwb| cvZvi gv mygbv‡K gvZ…‡ø‡n jvjb-
cvjb Ki‡Qb| mygbvi gvI cvZvi gv‡K Kv‡Ri gvbyl bq eis cwiev‡ii GKRb m`m¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡ib| my‡L `yt‡L mygbv‡`i cwiev‡i Rwo‡q
Av‡Qb wZwb| †Kej mygbv bq cwiev‡ii mevi cÖwZB Zvi †øn`„wó|
K. ggZvw` †Kv_vq _vK‡Zv? 1
L. ggZvw` DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ evB‡i G‡mwQj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cvZvi gv‡qi g‡a¨ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` Pwi‡Îi †Kvb MyYwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki mygbvi gv Ges ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †LvKvi gv `yRbB m¤§vb I mngwg©Zv wb‡q M„nKg©xi cv‡k `uvwo‡q‡QbÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3| BKivg Avn‡g` Dwbk‡kv GKvËi mv‡ji GKRb hy×vnZ exi gyw³‡hv×v| Zvi kix‡ii ¶Z ïwK‡q †M‡jI g‡bi ¶Z ïKvqwb| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b
wb‡Ri evwoNi cy‡o †h‡Z †`‡L‡Qb, nvbv`vi evwnbx †U‡b wnuP‡o wb‡q †M‡Q ¯¿x I †evb‡K| hy× †k‡l weRqx‡e‡k wZwb wd‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ Zv‡`i
wd‡i cvbwb| †mme NUbv g‡b n‡j GLbI wkD‡i I‡Vb wZwb|
K. Ôgvwm© wcwUkbÕ Kx? 1
L. ¯‥zj Lyj‡jI ¯‥z‡j hvIqv n‡e bv| †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksmZvq ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki BKivg Avn‡g‡`i Abyf‚wZ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †jwLKvi g‡a¨I j¶ Kiv hvqÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4| (i) g‡bvigv ¯‥z‡ji g¨vMvwR‡bi Rb¨ GKwU †jLv Rgv †`q| Zvi wjwLZ welqwU wQj Z_¨eûj I m„Rbkxj| AwZ `xN© bv n‡jI †jLvwU‡Z
wPš@bkxj gb‡bi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|
(ii) GKwU Kvwnwb †jL‡Ki mvejxj eY©bvq cvV‡Ki †Pv‡L †f‡m D‡V †ek wKQz Pwi‡Îi c`PviYvq| †jL‡Ki m„wói gv‡S GKvÍ n‡q wg‡k hvq
cvV‡Ki ü`q| RbwcÖq GB mvwnZ¨-gva¨‡gi `ye©vi AvKl©Y i‡q‡Q|
K. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ MxwZKweZvi Avw` wb`k©b Kx? 1
L. ÒbvU‡Ki j¶¨ me©Kv‡jB `k©K-mgvRÓÑ K_vwU †Kb ejv n‡q‡Q? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki (i) bs As‡k Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z mvwn‡Z¨i †Kvb kvLv‡K Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki (ii) bs As‡ki mvwn‡Z¨i kvLvwU cvVKmgvR‡K me‡P‡q †ewk gy» K‡iÑ Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| Kvgvj †jLvcov †kl K‡i PvKwii Rb¨ A‡bK †Póv K‡iI mdj nq bv| eÜy Rvgvj‡K †m `ytL K‡i e‡j, ÒAvwg †h KvRB Kwi, †hw`‡KB nuvwUÑ
†Kej e¨_©Zv Avi e¨_©Zv|Ó Rev‡e Rvgvj e‡j, Ò†Zvgvi GB •biv‡k¨i KviY Ag‡bv‡hvM Avi Kzu‡owg|Ó cÖwZw`b wKQz bv wKQz KvR K‡iv| eQi
†k‡l, GgbwK gvm †k‡l †Zvgvi KvR †`‡L Zzwg wb‡RB wew¯§Z n‡e| Rxeb‡K e¨envi K‡iv, †`L‡e g„Zz¨ Rxe‡bi nvRvi KxwZ©i wbkvb Dwo‡q w`‡q‡Q|
K. Kwe Avqy‡K Kx‡mi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb? 1
L. ÔgwngvB RM‡Z `yj©fÕ Kwe †Kb G K_v e‡j‡Qb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kvgv‡ji g‡a¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Rvgv‡ji e³‡e¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Kwei AvKv¸¶vi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q wK? Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
6| (i) RvwZ‡Z RvwZ‡Z a‡g© wbwkw`b wnsmv I we‡Øl
gvby‡l Kwi‡Q ¶z`ª, welvB‡Q we‡k^i AvKvk
gvbeZv gnvag© †iva Kwi Kwi‡Q DjÐvm|
(ii) RvwZ ag© ivóª b¨vq mKwj †h gvby‡li Z‡i
gvbyl mevi E‡aŸ©, b‡n wKQz Zvnvi AwaK|
K. †gvjÐv fzLvwi‡K †Kv_vq wM‡q gi‡Z e‡j‡Q? 1
L. ÒZe gmwR` gw›`‡i cÖfz bvB gvby‡li `vweÓÑ PiYwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)G †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ Pwi‡Îi †h w`KwUi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK (ii)G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwe †PZbviB cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|ÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  133

7| AskÑ1 : gvbyl ¶wYK Rxe‡bi Z‡i

bZzb ¯^cœMy‡jv Ki‡Q ecb
civwRZ n‡qI Rxebhy‡×
Mo‡Q Avcb fzeb|
AskÑ2 : ïay †n_v `yB Zx‡i, †Kev Rv‡b bvg
†`uvnv cv‡b †P‡q Av‡Q `yB Lvwb MÖvg|
GB †Lqv wPiw`b P‡j b`x †mªv‡ZÑ
†Kn hvq N‡i, †Kn Av‡m Ni n‡Z|
K. †Lqv †b․KvMy‡jv †Kv_vq G‡m †j‡M‡Q? 1
L. Ò†mBw`b GB gvV ¯@ä n‡e bv‡Kv Rvwb|ÓÑ PiYwU‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki 1bs As‡k Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki 2bs As‡k Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq ewY©Z cÖK…wZi wPiš@bZvi K_v D‡V G‡m‡Q|ÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| •PZb¨cyi MÖv‡gi cÖfvekvjx gwZ wgqv cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡q MÖv‡g nvgjv Pvjvq| gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`Iqv gvby‡li Nievwo‡Z AvMyb
jvwM‡q †`q| MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk Ni cy‡o QvB n‡q hvq| MÖv‡gi mvnmx wK‡kvi meyR GB NUbv mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`q|
cieZ©xKv‡j †m m¤§yLhy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o|
K. Kvby `qv‡ji evwo‡Z e‡m eyav †iwW‡qv‡Z Kx ï‡bwQj? 1
L. Ò†jvnvi Uzwc wK gvby‡li gMR Lvq?Ó K_vwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwZ wgqvi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kv‡`i •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wK‡kvi meyR †hb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyaviB cÖwZwbwa|Ó K_vwUi mv_©KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
9| DÏxcK (i) : AmsL¨ gvbyl wcuc‡oi g‡Zv QzUwQj|
gv_vq myU‡Km, eM‡j Kvc‡oi MuvUwi|
†Kvg‡i ev‛Pv|
†Pv‡L gy‡L Kx GK Aw¯’i AvZ¼|
K_v †bB| †g․b mevB|
DÏxcK (ii) : k³ gywVi euva‡b euva‡b
eRª euvwaqv bvI,
mgy‡L Gevi `„wó †Zvgvi
†cQ‡bi K_v †fvj|
K. kvwš@ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb †K? 1
L. ÒAvgiv jovB bv Ki‡j MÖvgUv GKw`b f‚‡Zi evwo n‡e|Ó eyavi GK_v ejvi KviY Kx? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki (i)bs As‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbv‡K Bw½Z K‡i? eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki (ii)bs As‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k‡cÖwgK gvby‡li RvMÖZ nIqvi DÏxcbv‡K Zz‡j a‡i|ÓÑ
we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| ixgv we‡K‡j †Lj‡Z wM‡q cyKzi c‡o AÁvb n‡q c‡o hvq| G Lei ï‡b Zvi gv Aw¯’i n‡q cvov-cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i civg‡k© Zv‡K ISvi Kv‡Q wb‡q
hvq| ISv Svo-dzK K‡i, cvwb cov LvB‡q Zv‡K evwo cvwV‡q †`q| Lei †c‡q wek^we`¨vjq co~qv e‡ov fvB ivZzj evwo G‡m ixgv‡K Wv³v‡ii
Kv‡Q wb‡q †h‡Z PvB‡j gv evav †`q| ivZzj gv‡K e‡j, Zzwg G hy‡M G‡mI Svo-dzuK wek^vm K‡iv| ixgv Amy¯’, Zv‡K Wv³vi †`Lv‡Z n‡e| GB
e‡j †m ixgv‡K Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq|
K. nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi †Kv_vq wQj? 1
L. ewncxi‡K ÔewncxiÕ ejv nq †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ivZz‡ji gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒgvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ivZzj ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi mv_©K cÖwZwbwaÓÑ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
11| wZb we‡q Kiv lvU eQi eqwm MÖv‡gi abx †Mi¯@ m‡KU e¨vcvix cvcwoi `wi`ª evev-gv‡qi Kv‡Q we‡qi cÖ¯@ve w`‡j Zviv ivwR n‡q hvb| wKš‘
cvcwo Zv bv †g‡b, ¯‥z‡ji evÜex I wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq we‡q eÜ Ki‡Z m¶g nq| m‡KU e¨vcvix †Kv‡bv cÖwZev` QvovB G e¨vcviwU‡K †g‡b
†bq| G‡¶‡Î Zvi †Kv‡bv cÖfve cÖwZcwË Kv‡R Av‡m bv|
K. Zv‡niv‡K †Kv_v †_‡K eRivq Zz‡j †bIqv n‡qwQj? 1
L. nwKKzjÐvn cywjk WvK‡Z †M‡jv bv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cvcwoi g‡a¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi †Kvb †PZbvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òm‡KU e¨vcvix I ewncx‡ii cwiewZ©Z iƒcwU BwZevPK|Ó DÏxcK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  134

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 dzjevey evsjv‡`k †_‡K wPwKrmvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †KvjKvZvq hvb| Zvi eÜy iweb Zv‡K †`Lv‡kvbvi Kv‡R †mv‡gb‡K wb‡qvwRZ
K‡i| ivbœvevbœv, Ni †MvQv‡bv, evRvi Kiv, †Kv‡bv Kv‡R AjmZv †bB †mv‡g‡bi| Avš@wiKZvi mv‡_ †m dzjeveyi †mev hZœ K‡i| †`‡k
†divi mgq n‡j dzjevey †mv‡gb‡K m‡½ wb‡q †h‡Z PvB‡j †m e‡j, ÒG †`k †Q‡o Avwg †Kv_vI hv‡ev bv evey| LvB ev bv LvB, †`‡ki
gvwU AuvK‡o c‡o _vK‡Z PvB|Ó
K. eid Av‡m †Kv_v †_‡K? 1
L. Kvey‡ji nvIqv †Zv nvIqv bq AvZmevwRi névÑ †Kb GK_v ejv n‡q‡Q? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki dzjeveyi †mevhZœ cvIqvi welqwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`K‡K Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †mv‡gb Ges ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingvb `yR‡bB ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡g DÏxßÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h eid Av‡m cvMgv‡bi cvnvo †_‡K|
i ÔKvey‡ji nvIqv †Zv nvIqv bq AvZmevwRi névÕ weiƒc AvenvIqvi Rb¨ GK_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi Rš§f‚wg DËi AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi cvbwki cÖ‡`k| Ave`yi ingvb kxZ cÖavb GjvKvi gvbyl| cvbwk‡ii
cÖPÊ kxZ Ave`yi ingv‡bi wbKU AwaK cQ›`bxq| GRb¨ Kvey‡ji AvenvIqv Ave`yi ingvb cQ›` K‡i bv| Kvey‡ji nvIqvi cÖwZ Zvi
weiƒc g‡bvfve i‡q‡Q| Zvi Kv‡Q Kvey‡ji AvenvIqv AZ¨š@ Dò g‡b n‡q‡Q| Dò evqy cÖev‡ni Kvi‡Y Pviw`‡K †hb AvMy‡bi ùzwj½
Qwo‡q c‡o| GRb¨B Ave`yi ingvb e‡j‡Q, ÔKvey‡ji nvIqv †Zv nvIqv bq AvZmevwRi név|Õ
Dˇii g”jK_v : weiƒc AvenvIqvi Rb¨B ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔKvey‡ji nvIqv †Zv nvIqv bq AvZmevwRi névÕ|
j DÏxc‡Ki dzjeveyi †mevhZœ cvIqvi welqwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingv‡bi AvwZ_¨c”Y© e¨env‡ii w`K‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
•mq` gyRZev Avjx Zvi ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvq ågY AwfÁZvi weeiY Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| AvdMvwb¯@v‡b Ae¯’vbKvjxb mg‡q Ave`yi ingvb
†jL‡Ki †mevhZœ K‡i| Zvi †mevhZœ I AvwZ_¨c”Y© e¨env‡i †jLK gy» nb| cÖevm Rxe‡b Ggb GKRb wek¦¯@ †jvK cvIqv mwZ¨B e‡ov
fv‡M¨i e¨vcvi| ivbœvevbœvmn †jL‡Ki me ai‡bi KvR KiZ Ave`yi ingvb| Ave`yi ingvb Zvi gwb‡ei cÖwZ AZ¨š@ kÖ×vkxj wQj|
Ave`yi ingv‡bi AwZw_civqYZvq †jLK mš‘ó n‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki dzjevey wPwKrmvi Rb¨ †KvjKvZv hvb| Zvi eÜy iweb Zv‡K †`Lv‡kvbvi Rb¨ †mv‡gb‡K wb‡qvwRZ K‡i| †mv‡gb AZ¨š@
`¶Zvi mv‡_ dzjeveyi me KvR myPvi‚iƒ‡c m¤“v`b K‡i| ivbœvevbœv, Ni †MvQv‡bv, evRvi Kiv GKK_vq cÖ‡qvRbxq me KvR Lye
fv‡jvfv‡e K‡i †`q| G‡Z dzjevey †mv‡g‡bi cÖwZ mš‘ó nq| Abyiƒc `„óvš@ Avgiv ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvqI Luy‡R cvB| †jLK cÖevm
Rxe‡b Ave`yi ingv‡bi AwZw_ Avc¨vq‡b gy» nb| A_©vr DÏxc‡Ki dzjevey Ges ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi †jLK Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri †jvK‡`i cÖwZ
mš‘ó n‡q‡Qb| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki dzjeveyi †mevhZœ cvIqvi welqwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingv‡bi AvwZ_¨c”Y©
e¨env‡ii w`K‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki dzjeveyi †mevhZœ cvIqvi welqwU ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingv‡bi AvwZ_¨c”Y© e¨env‡ii w`KwU‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
k DÏxc‡Ki †mv‡gb Ges ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingvb `yR‡bB ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡g DÏxßÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvq Ave`yi ingv‡bi g‡a¨ ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi Mfxi AbyivM j¶ Kiv hvq| cÖwZwU gvby‡li g‡bB ¯^‡`kcÖxwZ jywK‡q _v‡K|
Ave`yi ingvbI G‡¶‡Î e¨wZµg bq| cvbwk‡ii AvenvIqv †jL‡Ki wbKU Pig cÖwZK‚j n‡jI Ave`yi ingv‡bi wbKU Zv AZ¨š@
AbyK‚j| ïay AbyK‚j AvenvIqvB bq, eis GwU Zvi Kv‡Q AZ¨š@ wcÖq| KviY GwU Zvi Rš§f‚wg| Rš§f‚wgi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmvi
Kvi‡YB cvbwk‡ii AvenvIqv Zvi Kv‡Q LyeB fv‡jv jv‡M| Rš§f‚wgi cÖvK…wZK †m․›`‡h© Ave`yi ingvb gy» n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K `„wó wbe× Ki‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, †mv‡gb Zvi Rš§f‚wg‡K AZ¨š@ fv‡jvev‡m| Rš§f‚wgi cÖwZ Zvi Mfxi AbyivM
i‡q‡Q| dzjevey hLb †mv‡gb‡K evsjv‡`‡k wb‡q Avm‡Z Pvq ZLb †mv‡gb AvcwË Rvwb‡q‡Q| †mv‡gb `„pwP‡Ë e‡j‡QÑ ÒG‡`k †Q‡o
Avwg †Kv_vI hve bv evey| LvB ev bv LvB, †`‡ki gvwU AuvK‡o c‡o _vK‡Z PvB|Ó †mv‡g‡bi GB e³‡e¨ ¯^‡`k‡cÖg dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi Kvi‡YB †mv‡gb dzjeveyi cÖ¯@ve cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  135

cwi‡k‡l Avgiv DÏxcK I ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Av‡jv‡K ej‡Z cvwi, Dfq ¯’v‡bB ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi D¾¡j `„óvš@ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ¯’vb, Kvj,
cv·f‡` wKQzUv wfbœZv cwijw¶Z n‡jI ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwU Awfbœ e‡jB cÖZxqgvb n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki †mv‡gb ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡g DÏxß
nIqvi Kvi‡YB †`‡ki gvwU‡K AuvK‡o a‡i _vK‡Z Pvq| Avevi ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingvbI Zvi Rš§f‚wg DËi AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi
cvbwki‡K fv‡jv‡e‡m AuvK‡o a‡i Av‡Q| A_©vr DÏxc‡Ki †mv‡gb I Av‡jvP¨ iPbvi Ave`yi ingvb `yR‡bB ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡g DÏxß| myZivs
cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †mv‡gb Ges ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ iPbvi Ave`yi ingvb `yR‡bB ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡g DÏxß n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  02 M„nKg©x wn‡m‡e MÖvg †_‡K Av‡mb cvZvi gv| †lv‡jv eQi hveZ mygbv‡`i evmvq cÖvq me KvR K‡ib wZwb| cvZvi gv
mygbv‡K gvZ…‡ø‡n jvjb-cvjb Ki‡Qb| mygbvi gvI cvZvi gv‡K Kv‡Ri gvbyl bq eis cwiev‡ii GKRb m`m¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡ib|
my‡L `yt‡L mygbv‡`i cwiev‡i Rwo‡q Av‡Qb wZwb| †Kej mygbv bq cwiev‡ii mevi cÖwZB Zvi †øn`„wó|
K. ggZvw` †Kv_vq _vK‡Zv? 1
L. ggZvw` DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ evB‡i G‡mwQj †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cvZvi gv‡qi g‡a¨ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` Pwi‡Îi †Kvb MyYwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki mygbvi gv Ges ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †LvKvi gv `yRbB m¤§vb I mngwg©Zv wb‡q M„nKg©xi cv‡k `uvwo‡q‡QbÓÑ
we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ggZvw` Rxebg‡qi Mwji mvZvk b¤^i evwo‡Z _vK‡Zv|
i ggZvw` c`©v †V‡j evB‡i G‡m‡Q msmvi Pvjv‡bvi A_© DcvR©‡bi Rb¨|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b Ni †_‡K evB‡i †ei n‡q Av‡m| ¯^vgxi PvKwi bv _vKvq †m DcvR©‡bi c‡_ cv evovq| ggZvw`
Rxebg‡qi Mwji †fZ‡i mvZvk b¤^i evwoi GKZjvq Zvi ¯^vgx I †Q‡j‡K wb‡q emevm K‡i| MZ Pvi gvm a‡i ¯^vgxi PvKwi bv _vKvq
msmvi Pvjv‡bv Zvi A‡bK Kó nq| ZvB msmvi Pvjv‡bvi A_© DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ ggZvw` M„‡ni c`©v †V‡j evB‡i G‡m‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ¯^vgxi PvKwi bv _vKvq ggZvw`i msmvi Avi P‡j bv| ZvB A_© DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ †m c`©v †V‡j evB‡i G‡m‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki cvZvi gv‡qi g‡a¨ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` Pwi‡Îi Kg©wbôv I †ønkxjZvi MyYwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ggZvw` PwiÎwU we‡kl My‡Y MyYvwš^Z| ggZvw`i g‡a¨ eûgyLx gvbweK My‡Yi mgvnvi i‡q‡Q| ggZvw` A‡b¨i evwo‡Z KvR
Ki‡jI cwiev‡ii mevB‡K Avcb g‡b K‡i‡Q| M„nKÎx©i †Qv‡Uv †Q‡jwU‡K †ø‡ni gvqv‡Wv‡i †eu‡a‡Q| †Qv‡Uv fvB‡qi g‡ZvB Av`i-†øn
K‡i‡Q| Zvi Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡i‡Q| †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri w`O&wb‡`©kbv bv _vK‡jI wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡‡eva †_‡K D³ KvR
m¤“v`b K‡i‡Q| ggZvw`i KZ©e¨wbôvq M„nKÎx© mš‘ó n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki cvZvi gv †lv‡jv eQi hveZ mygbv‡`i evmvq KvR K‡i| mygbv‡K †m gvZ…‡ø‡n jvjb-cvjb K‡i‡Q| GRb¨ mygbvi gv Zv‡K
cwiev‡ii GKRb m`m¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡ib| cvZvi gv ïay mygbv bq eis cwiev‡ii mevi cÖwZ †øn`„wó iv‡L| mygbv‡`i my‡L-`yt‡L
cvZvi gv Qvqvi g‡Zv cv‡k †_‡K‡Q| ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íI ggZvw` Pwi‡Î †ønkxjZv I KZ©e¨wbôvi MyY j¶ Kiv hvq| cvZvi gv ggZvw`i
g‡ZvB mygbv‡`i cwiev‡i Kg©wbôv I †ønkxj f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki cvZvi gv‡qi g‡a¨ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi
ggZvw` Pwi‡Î Kg©wbôv I †ønkxjZvi MyYwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cvZvi gv‡qi g‡a¨ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` Pwi‡Îi Kg©wbôv I †ønkxjZvi MyYwU j¶ Kiv hvq|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki mygbvi gv Ges ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †LvKvi gv `yRbB m¤§vb I mngwg©Zv wb‡q M„nKgx©i cv‡k `uvwo‡q‡Qb|ÓÑ cÖ‡kœv³
gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í †LvKvi gv AZ¨š@ gvbweK‡evam¤“bœ gvbyl| ggZvw` Afv‡ei Zvobvq Zv‡`i evmvq M„nKg©xi KvR †bq| M„nKÎx© wn‡m‡e
†LvKvi gv ggZvw`i mv‡_ †m․nv`©c”Y© AvPiY K‡i‡Qb| M„nKgx© Z_v Kv‡Ri †g‡q e‡j Zv‡K †gv‡UI AeÁv ev Ae‡njv K‡ibwb| Zvi
†Qv‡Uv †Q‡jwU‡K ggZvw` Av`i-†øn Ki‡j wZwb welqwU‡K BwZevPK wn‡m‡e †`‡L‡Qb| ggZvw`‡K wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii AvcbRb wn‡m‡e
MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z M„nKÎx©i D`vigbvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| M„nKΩx m¤§vb I mngwg©Zv wb‡q ggZvw`i cv‡k `uvwo‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki cvZvi gv mygbv‡`i evwo‡Z M„nKgx©i KvR K‡i| cÖvq †lv‡jv eQi hveZ †m D³ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| mygbv‡K †m
†Qv‡Uv‡ejv †_‡KB Av`i-†øn I gvqv-ggZv w`‡q e‡ov K‡i‡Q| `xN©w`b mygbv‡`i evmvq Ae¯’vb Kivq cvZvi gv †hb mygbv‡`i
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ n‡q †M‡Q| we‡kl K‡i mygbvi gv cvZvi gv‡qi cÖwZ we‡kl mnvbyf‚wZ cÖ`k©b K‡ib| GRb¨ cvZvi gv mygbv‡`i
my‡L-`yt‡L wb‡R‡K Rwo‡q †i‡L‡Q| mygbvi gv †hb cvZvi gv‡K mngwg©Zv w`‡q Av‡óc„‡ô †eu‡a †i‡L‡Qb|
cwi‡k‡l DÏxcK I ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, Dfq ¯’v‡bB `yRb M„nKÎx© Zv‡`i M„nKgx©i cÖwZ m¤§vb I mngwg©Zv cÖ`k©b
K‡i‡Qb| Zviv M„nKgx©i cv‡k `uvwo‡q gvbweKZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx© ggZvw`i cÖwZ m¤§vb I mngwg©Zv cÖ`k©b
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  136

K‡i D`vigbvi cwiPq w`‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| Aciw`‡K DÏxc‡Ki mygbvi gv Zvi M„nKgx©i cÖwZ GKB AvPiY K‡i‡Qb| mygbvi gv
cvZvi gv‡K wbR cwiev‡ii m`m¨ g‡b K‡i‡Qb| M„nKg©x wn‡m‡e cvZvi gv‡K Abv`i-Ae‡njv ev †Kv‡bv iƒp AvPiY K‡ibwb| ZvB
Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki mygbvi gv Ges ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †LvKvi gv `yRbB m¤§vb I mngwg©Zv wb‡q M„nKg©xi cv‡k `uvwo‡q‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÒDÏxc‡K mygbvi gv Ges ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †LvKvi gv `yRbB m¤§vb I mngwg©Zv wb‡q M„nKgx©i cÖwZ gvbweKZv cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ  03 BKivg Avn‡g` Dwbk‡kv GKvËi mv‡ji GKRb hy×vnZ exi gyw³‡hv×v| Zvi kix‡ii ¶Z ïwK‡q †M‡jI g‡bi ¶Z
ïKvqwb| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b wb‡Ri evwoNi cy‡o †h‡Z †`‡L‡Qb, nvbv`vi evwnbx †U‡b wnuP‡o wb‡q †M‡Q ¯¿x I †evb‡K| hy× †k‡l
weRqx‡e‡k wZwb wd‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ Zv‡`i wd‡i cvbwb| †mme NUbv g‡b n‡j GLbI wkD‡i I‡Vb wZwb|
K. Ôgvwm© wcwUkbÕ Kx? 1
L. ¯‥zj Lyj‡jI ¯‥z‡j hvIqv n‡e bv| †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksmZvq ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki BKivg Avn‡g‡`i Abyf‚wZ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †jwLKvi g‡a¨I j¶ Kiv hvqÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Ôgvwm© wcwUkbÕ n‡jv kvw¯@ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †P‡q Av‡e`b|
i ¯‥zj Lyj‡jI Rvgx ¯‥z‡j hv‡e bv, †Kbbv wKQyB ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Pj‡Q bv Ges †`‡k GLb hy×ve¯’v weivRgvb|
cwðg cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi AZwK©Z nvgjvq cÖ_‡gB XvKvi bMiRxeb wech©¯@ n‡q c‡o| †`‡k wKQyB ¯^vfvweKfv‡e PjwQj bv
Ges hy×ve¯’v weivRgvb wQj| miKvi ZLb †Rvi K‡i ¯‥zj-K‡jR †Lvjvi e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Q| †`‡ki GB A¯^vfvweK I Aw¯’i Ae¯’vi
Kvi‡YB ¯‥zj Lyj‡jI Rvgx ¯‥z‡j hv‡e bv e‡j Av‡MB wVK K‡i †i‡LwQj|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ¯‥zj Lyj‡jI Rvgx ¯‥z‡j hv‡e bv, †Kbbv wKQyB ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Pj‡Q bv Ges †`‡k GLb hy×ve¯’v weivRgvb|
j DÏxc‡Ki nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksmZvq ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi‡`i wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡ii w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq †jwLKv 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU wPÎvwqZ K‡i‡Qb| ¯§„wZgq †e`bvi Aš@iv‡j Zvi †jLwb‡Z
cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g nZ¨vKv‡Êi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| nvbv`vi evwnbx G‡`‡ki wbixn gvby‡li Ici AgvbweK wbh©vZb Pvjvq|
†Rvi K‡i a‡i wb‡q wM‡q mevB‡K jvB‡b `uvo Kwi‡q Mywj Pvjvq| wbwe©Pv‡i Mywj Pvjvq evOvwj‡`i Ici| AmsL¨ jvk Zviv b`x‡Z †d‡j
†`q| b`xi R‡j kZkZ jvk †f‡m hvq| nvbv`vi evwnbxi G AZ¨vPvi †_‡K †jwLKvi †Q‡jI †invB cvqwb| Zviv †jwLKvi †Q‡j i‚gx‡K
a‡i wb‡q wM‡q b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i|
DÏxc‡KI nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksmZvi `„k¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki BKivg Avn‡g` GKRb hy×vnZ exi gyw³‡hv×v| Zvi kix‡ii ¶Z
ïwK‡q †M‡jI g‡bi ¶Z ïKvqwb| KviY Zvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b Zvi ¯¿x I †evb‡K nvbv`vi evwnbx †U‡b wnuP‡o wb‡q hvq| Zv‡`i‡K wZwb
Avi †diZ cvbwb| ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †jwLKv Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi †Q‡j i‚gx‡KI nvbv`vi evwnbx a‡i wb‡q hvq| i‚gxI Avi gv‡qi
†Kv‡j wd‡i Av‡mwb| DÏxcK I ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi g‡a¨ AvcbRb nviv‡bvi ¯§„wZgq †e`bvi w`KwU cÖKUfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
cvkvcvwk cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksmZv I bvbv wefxwlKvi K_vI ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki nvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksmZvq ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi‡`i wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡ii w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k DÏxc‡Ki BKivg Avn‡g‡`i Abyf‚wZ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †jwLKvi g‡a¨I j¶ Kiv hvqÑgš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq AvcbRb nviv‡bvi †e`bv j¶ Kiv hvq| †jwLKv Zvi †Q‡j i‚gx‡K nvwi‡q‡Qb| GKRb gv‡qi wbKU mš@vb
nviv‡bvi †e`bv †h KZUv KwVb Zv †Kej fz³‡fvMxi c‡¶B Abyaveb Kiv m¤¢e| Zvi †jLwbi g‡a¨ †e`bvi GB wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wZwb
B‡‛Q Ki‡j gvwm© wcwUk‡bi gva¨‡g mš@vb‡K euvPv‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ wZwb Zv K‡ibwb| KviY cvwK¯@vwb‡`i Kv‡Q gv_vbZ Kiv wQj
Zvi bxwZ I Av`‡k©i cwicš’x| ZvB wZwb mš@vb‡K nvwi‡q †e`bvi mvM‡i wbgw¾Z nb|
DÏxc‡K GKRb exi gyw³‡hv×vi RxebwPÎ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wZwb GKRb hy×vnZ gyw³‡hv×v| †`kgvZ…Kvi Uv‡b gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY
K‡ib| gyw³hy‡× AskMÖn‡Yi Kvi‡Y cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx Zvi ¯¿x I †evb‡K †Rvic”e©K a‡i wb‡q hvq| hy× †k‡l †`k ¯^vaxb
n‡jI wZwb ¯¿x I Zvi †evb‡K Avi wd‡i cvbwb| ZvB Zvi kix‡ii ¶Z ïwK‡q †M‡jI g‡bi ¶Z ïKvqwb| g‡bi g‡a¨ AvcbRb
nviv‡bvi †e`bv AZ¨š@ cÖKU AvKvi aviY K‡i‡Q| D³ NUbv g‡b n‡j GLbI wZwb wkD‡i I‡Vb| AvcbRb nvwi‡q Zvi ü`qUv ¶Z-
we¶Z n‡q †M‡Q|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv‡š@ ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki BKivg Avn‡g‡`i Abyf‚wZ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †jwLKvi g‡a¨I j¶ Kiv hvq| KviY BKivg
Avn‡g` Zvi ¯¿x I †evb‡K nvwi‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i‡K nvwi‡q wZwb AZ¨š@ e¨w_Z n‡q‡Qb| Zvi ü`q AvR `yt‡L fvivµvš@| ü`‡qi i³¶iY Zvi
AvRI Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| Aciw`‡K ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †jwLKv Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi ü`qvbyf‚wZI g”jZ GK I Awfbœ| KviY †jwLKv Zvi
mš@vb i‚gx‡K nvwi‡q‡Qb| mš@vb‡K nviv‡bvi Mfxi †e`bvq wZwb †e`bvnZ n‡q‡Qb| Zvi ü`‡q mš@vb nviv‡bvi nvnvKvi †R‡M D‡V‡Q| GK
K_vq AvcbRb nviv‡bvi †h Abyf‚wZ Zv DÏxcK I Av‡jvP¨ iPbvq hyMcrfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q| myZivs cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : AvcbRb nviv‡bvi †e`bvi w`K w`‡q DÏxc‡Ki BKivg Avn‡g‡`i Abyf‚wZ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †jwLKvi g‡a¨I j¶ Kiv hvq|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  137

cÖkœ  04 (i) g‡bvigv ¯‥z‡ji g¨vMvwR‡bi Rb¨ GKwU †jLv Rgv †`q| Zvi wjwLZ welqwU wQj Z_¨eûj I m„Rbkxj| AwZ `xN© bv
n‡jI †jLvwU‡Z wPš@bkxj gb‡bi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|
(ii) GKwU Kvwnwb †jL‡Ki mvejxj eY©bvq cvV‡Ki †Pv‡L †f‡m D‡V †ek wKQz Pwi‡Îi c`PviYvq| †jL‡Ki m„wói gv‡S GKvÍ n‡q
wg‡k hvq cvV‡Ki ü`q| RbwcÖq GB mvwnZ¨-gva¨‡gi `ye©vi AvKl©Y i‡q‡Q|
K. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ MxwZKweZvi Avw` wb`k©b Kx? 1
L. ÒbvU‡Ki j¶¨ me©Kv‡jB `k©K-mgvRÓÑ K_vwU †Kb ejv n‡q‡Q? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki (i) bs As‡k Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z mvwn‡Z¨i †Kvb kvLv‡K Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki (ii) bs As‡ki mvwn‡Z¨i kvLvwU cvVKmgvR‡K me‡P‡q †ewk gy» K‡iÑ Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi
Av‡jv‡K g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ MxwZKweZvi Avw` wb`k©b n‡jv •eòe c`vewj|
i bvUK `k©K †kÖwYi mvg‡b AwfbxZ nIqvi gva¨‡g mivmwi mgvR‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i e‡jB cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q|
wek¦mvwn‡Z¨i me‡P‡q cÖvPxb mvwnZ¨ n‡jv bvUK| bvUK cÖvPxbKv‡j cy¯@KvKv‡i gyw`ÖZ n‡q N‡i N‡i cwVZ n‡Zv bv| GwU AwfbxZ
n‡Zv| bvU‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ cvVK bq, me©Kv‡jB `k©K mgvR| bvU‡K Awf‡bZv‡`i m‡½ `k©K‡kÖwYi g‡bvfv‡e GKwU mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM
¯’vwcZ nq| `k©K‡kÖwY †h‡nZz mgv‡RiB Ask, ZvB ejv hvq †h, Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g `k©‡Ki g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i bvUK mgvR‡K
mivmwi cÖfvweZ K‡i| GRb¨B ejv nq, ÒbvU‡Ki j¶¨ me©Kv‡jB `k©K-mgvR|Ó
Dˇii g”jK_v : bvUK `k©K‡kÖwYi mvg‡b AwfbxZ nIqvi gva¨‡g mivmwi mgvR‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i e‡jB cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q |

j DÏxc‡Ki (i)bs As‡k Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z mvwn‡Z¨i cÖeÜ kvLv‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ kvLv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ kvLvi g‡a¨ cÖeÜ Ab¨Zg| cÖeÜ
n‡jv M`¨vKv‡i wjwLZ GKwU Z_¨eûj iPbv| cÖe‡Üi GKwU Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨ n‡jv m„RbkxjZv| KviY cÖe‡Ü m„Rbkxj wPš@v-†PZbvi
ewntcÖKvk N‡U| cÖeÜ cv‡Vi gva¨‡g cvV‡Ki ÁvbZ…òv †g‡U| A‡bK ARvbv Z_¨ cÖeÜ cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq| mvaviYZ Kíbvkw³
I eyw×e„wˇK Aej¤^b K‡i †jLK †Kv‡bv welq m¤“‡K© †h AvÍm‡PZb bvwZ`xN© mvwnZ¨ iƒc m„wó K‡ib, Zv‡KB cÖeÜ ejv nq|
DÏxc‡Ki (i)bs As‡ki w`‡K Avgiv `„wó wbe× Ki‡j †`L‡Z cvB, †mLv‡b mvwn‡Z¨i cÖeÜ kvLv‡K Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| KviY ¯‥z‡ji
g¨vMvwR‡bi Rb¨ g‡bvigv †h †jLvwU Rgv w`‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ cÖe‡Üi •ewkó¨ my¯“ófv‡e we`¨gvb| Zvi wjwLZ welqwU Z_¨eûj I
m„Rbkxj| †jLvwU AwZ `xN© bq Ges †mLv‡b gbbkxj wPš@v-†PZbv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| hv cÖe‡Üi •ewkó¨‡K aviY K‡i| Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I
ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü g”jZ cÖe‡Üi DcwiD³ •ewkó¨My‡jvB dz‡U D‡V‡Q| A_©vr cÖe‡Üi †h •ewkó¨ †mMy‡jv DÏxc‡Ki (i)bs As‡k we`¨gvb|
g‡bvigvi †jLvwUi g‡a¨ cÖe‡Üi •ewkó¨vewj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki (i)bs As‡k Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ
cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z mvwn‡Z¨i cÖeÜ kvLv‡KB Bw½Z K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki (i) bs As‡k Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z mvwn‡Z¨i cÖeÜ kvLvi •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|

k DÏxc‡Ki (ii)bs As‡ki mvwn‡Z¨i kvLvwU cvVKmgvR‡K me‡P‡q †ewk gy» K‡iÑ Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ kvLv-cÖkvLvi g‡a¨ Dcb¨vm Ab¨Zg| cvVK mgv‡R Dcb¨vmB me©vwaK eûj cwVZ I
RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l©| Dcb¨v‡m †Kv‡bv GKwU Kvwnwb ewY©Z nq wek` AvKv‡i| Kvwnwb ewY©Z nq M`¨ fvlvq| Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb DcRxe¨ n‡jv
cÐU| cЇUi Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ Pwi‡Îi mgš^‡q Kvwnwbi aviv AvewZ©Z nq| Dcb¨vm gvbeRxe‡bi GK mymse× wkíxZ iƒc| G‡Z †`k,
RvwZ, mgvR, gvby‡li Rxeb ev¯@eZvi GKwU mvgwMÖK iƒc dz‡U I‡V| hv ev¯@e A_P gvqvex e‡Y© iwÄZ| hv Kíbv I gvqv n‡qI GK
msnZ I mymsMwVZ mZ¨| Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ Rxeb-ev¯@eZv I mvwn‡Z¨i im wbweofv‡e ü`q w`‡q Dcjwä Kiv hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki (ii)bs As‡k Dcb¨v‡mi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| KviY GKwU Kvwnwbi mvejxj eY©bv †ek wKQz Pwi‡Îi c`PviYvq gyLwiZ nq †Kej
Dcb¨v‡mi gva¨‡g| Jcb¨vwm‡Ki m„wóK‡g©i g‡a¨ cvVK ü`q wg‡k hvq| cvV‡Ki ü`‡q Dcb¨v‡mi cÖwZ `ye©vi AvKl©Y m„wó nq| mgv‡R
N‡U hvIqv wewfbœ wP·K Dcb¨v‡mi gva¨‡g Zz‡j aiv nq| Dcb¨v‡mi g”j j¶¨ cvVKmgvR| mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ
Dcb¨v‡mB mivmwi †jLK I cvV‡Ki ü`‡q †mZzeÜb •Zwi nq|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki (ii)bs As‡ki mvwnZ¨ kvLvwU A_©vr Dcb¨vm cvVKmgvR‡K me‡P‡q †ewk gy»
K‡i| d‡j cvVKmgvR me‡P‡q †ewk Avb›` jvf K‡i _v‡K| Dcb¨vm cv‡V cvVK ü`‡q Dcb¨v‡mi BwZevPK cÖfve c‡o| mgv‡Ri
ev¯@e wPÎ cvVKmgvR Dcb¨v‡mi gva¨‡g mivmwi Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs Av‡jvP¨ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki (ii)bs As‡ki mvwnZ¨ kvLv Z_v Dcb¨vm cvVKmgvR‡K me‡P‡q †ewk gy» K‡i _v‡K|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  138

cÖkœ  05 Kvgvj †jLvcov †kl K‡i PvKwii Rb¨ A‡bK †Póv K‡iI mdj nq bv| eÜy Rvgvj‡K †m `ytL K‡i e‡j, ÒAvwg †h KvRB
Kwi, †hw`‡KB nuvwUÑ †Kej e¨_©Zv Avi e¨_©Zv|Ó Rev‡e Rvgvj e‡j, Ò†Zvgvi GB •biv‡k¨i KviY Ag‡bv‡hvM Avi Kzu‡owg|Ó cÖwZw`b
wKQz bv wKQz KvR K‡iv| eQi †k‡l, GgbwK gvm †k‡l †Zvgvi KvR †`‡L Zzwg wb‡RB wew¯§Z n‡e| Rxeb‡K e¨envi K‡iv, †`L‡e g„Zz¨
Rxe‡bi nvRvi KxwZ©i wbkvb Dwo‡q w`‡q‡Q|
K. Kwe Avqy‡K Kx‡mi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb? 1
L. ÔgwngvB RM‡Z `yj©fÕ Kwe †Kb G K_v e‡j‡Qb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kvgv‡ji g‡a¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Rvgv‡ji e³‡e¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Kwei AvKv¸¶vi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q wK? Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Kwe Avqy‡K •kev‡ji bx‡ii m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb|
i ÔgwngvB RM‡Z `yj©fÕ Kwe GK_v e‡j‡Qb KviY gwngv jvf Kiv AZ¨š@ KwVb|
RM‡Z gwngv jvf Kiv mnR †Kv‡bv KvR bq| gwngv jvf Kivi Rb¨ `„p msKí, Z¨vM, mZZv, cwikÖg I AKz‡Zvfq Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix
n‡Z nq| msmvi mgiv½‡Y f‡q fxZ nIqv hv‡e bv| Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU Ae¯’v‡bB wb‡Ri †gav-gbbkxjZv w`‡q mvdj¨ jv‡fi cÖ‡Póv
Pvjv‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB gwngv jvf Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| Avi Zv bv n‡j gwngv jvf Kiv †Kv‡bv fv‡eB m¤¢e n‡e bv| GRb¨B Kwe e‡j‡Qb,
ÔgwngvB RM‡Z `yj©f|Õ
Dˇii g”jK_v : gwngv jvf Kiv AZ¨š@ KwVb e‡jB Kwe e‡j‡Qb, ÔgwngvB RM‡Z `yj©f|Õ

j DÏxc‡Ki Kvgv‡ji g‡a¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Mfxi Abxnv I nZvkvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Rxe‡bi ev¯@eZvi ¯^iƒc Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li Rxeb ¯^‡cœi g‡Zv AjxK bq| Rxe‡bi ev¯@eZv AZ¨š@ i”p I
KwVb| KviY G c„w_ex GKwU hyׇ¶‡Îi g‡Zv| cÖwZwbqZ Rxebhy‡× msMÖvg K‡iB wU‡K _vK‡Z nq| Rxe‡b Rq-civRq GKwU
¯^vfvweK welq| †Kv‡bv Kv‡R e¨_©Zv Avm‡ZB cv‡i| ZvB e¨_©Zvi MÐvwb‡Z fxZ bv n‡q e¨_©Zv‡KB mvd‡j¨i †mvcvb evbv‡Z n‡e|
Rxe‡bi e¨_©Zvq nv-ûZvk bv K‡i eis Kxfv‡e e¨_©Zvi Aemvb NUv‡bv hvq †mw`‡K j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e|
DÏxc‡Ki Kvgvj nZvkvi mvM‡i nveyWzey Lv‡‛Q| †jLvcov †kl K‡i PvKwii Rb¨ †Póv Pvwj‡q hv‡‛Q| wKš‘ mdj n‡Z cv‡iwb| e¨_©Zv
Zv‡K MÖvm K‡i‡Q| GRb¨ Kvgvj nZvk n‡q PvKwii cÖ¯‘wZ †bIqv †_‡K weiZ n‡q‡Q| Rxeb msMÖv‡gi c_ †_‡K †m wePz¨Z n‡q‡Q|
d‡j Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Zvi Av‡¶‡ci †hb Aš@ †bB| Zvi Rxeb AvR nZvkvq f‡i †M‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Kvgv‡ji g‡a¨
ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Abxnv I nZvkvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Kvgv‡ji g‡a¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Mfxi Abxnv I nZvkvi w`KwU j¶ Kiv hvq|

k Rxeb msMÖv‡g AeZxY© nIqvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki Rvgv‡ji e³‡e¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Kwei AvKv¸¶vi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
Kwe †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq Zvi ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Rxe‡bi ev¯@e ¯^iƒc Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Rxe‡b cÖwZwôZ n‡Z n‡j cwikÖ‡gi †Kv‡bv
weKí †bB| G c„w_ex‡Z hviv ¯§iYxq I eiYxq n‡q‡Qb Zviv AZ¨š@ cwikÖgx wQ‡jb| wbijmfv‡e cwikÖ‡gi Kvi‡Y Zviv Amva¨‡K mvab
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb| Rxe‡b evav-wecwË hZB AvmyK bv †Kb Zv‡K AwZµg K‡i Afxó j‡¶¨ †cu․QvbB Rxeb msMÖv‡gi g”j D‡Ïk¨|
Rxebhy‡× †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y civRxZ n‡jI gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O cov Pj‡e bv| ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq D³ welqvewj ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki Rvgvj ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi welqe¯‘‡K Aš@‡i aviY K‡i‡Q| GRb¨ Zvi eÜy Kvgvj nZvkvq wbgw¾Z n‡j Zv‡K
BwZevPK civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| Rvgvj g‡b K‡i AjmZvB gvby‡li e¨_©Zvi Ab¨Zg KviY| GRb¨ AjmZv cwiZ¨vM K‡i Rxebhy‡×
Suvwc‡q co‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB Rxe‡b mdj nIqv hv‡e| Rxeb‡K mwVKfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB gvbyl g‡iI Agi n‡q _vK‡e|
Rvgv‡ji e³e¨ AbymiY Ki‡jB Kvgvj mvd‡j¨i D‛P wkL‡i Av‡ivnY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Rvgv‡ji e³‡e¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Kwei AvKv¸¶vi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| KviY Kwe
Rxebhy‡× Suvwc‡q covi Rb¨ D`vË AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| AjmZv I fxi‚Zv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i msmvi mgiv½‡Y exi •mwbK wn‡m‡e
AeZxY© n‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv mvgwqK cwikÖg bq eis AvRxeb msMÖvg K‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg”jK we‡k¦ wU‡K _vK‡Z n‡e| DÏxc‡Ki Rvgv‡ji
e³‡e¨ g”jZ G K_vMy‡jvB dz‡U D‡V‡Q| A_©vr Kwei AvKv¸¶vi welqwU DÏxc‡Ki Rvgv‡ji e³‡e¨ ¯“ófv‡eB `„k¨gvb| myZivs cÖ‡kœv³
gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Rxeb msMÖv‡g AeZxY© nIqvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki Rvgv‡ji e³‡e¨ ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvi Kwei AvKv¸¶v e¨³ n‡q‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  139

cÖkœ  06 (i) RvwZ‡Z RvwZ‡Z a‡g© wbwkw`b wnsmv I we‡Øl

gvby‡l Kwi‡Q ¶z`ª, welvB‡Q we‡k^i AvKvk
gvbeZv gnvag© †iva Kwi Kwi‡Q DjÐvm|
(ii) RvwZ ag© ivóª b¨vq mKwj †h gvby‡li Z‡i
gvbyl mevi E‡aŸ©, b‡n wKQz Zvnvi AwaK|
K. †gvjÐv fzLvwi‡K †Kv_vq wM‡q gi‡Z e‡j‡Q? 1
L. ÒZe gmwR` gw›`‡i cÖfz bvB gvby‡li `vweÓÑ PiYwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)G †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ Pwi‡Îi †h w`KwUi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q Zv eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK (ii)G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwe †PZbviB cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|ÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h †gvjÐv fzLvwi‡K †Mv-fvMv‡o wM‡q gi‡Z e‡j‡Q|
i †gvjÐv I cy‡ivwn‡Zi Kvi‡Y Amnvq gymvwdi ewÂZ nq weavq Kwe cÖwZev` I Awfgvb K‡i Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|
m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q m„wói mKj gvby‡li gh©v`v mgvb| wKš‘ gmwR‡`i †gvjÐv I gw›`‡ii cy‡ivwnZ wb‡Ri ¯^v_©i¶vi Rb¨ †m welqwU‡K
AMÖvn¨ K‡i P‡j| Zviv Amnvq, Afy³ gymvwdi‡K mvnvh¨ bv K‡i gmwR` I gw›`‡i Zvjv jvwM‡q †`q| ZLb Amnv‡qi c‡¶ Awfgvb I
cÖwZev` ¯^iƒc Kwe gmwR` I gw›`‡i cÖfy bvB e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Av‡jvP¨ Dw³‡Z ¶zavZzi cw_‡Ki cÖfzi cÖwZ cÖwZev` I Awfgvb dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
j DÏxcK (i)G †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ Pwi‡Îi RvwZ-a‡g©i Aš@iv‡j ¯^v_©ciZvi w`KwUi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
Kwe KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq †gvjÐv I cy‡ivwnZ‡`i gy‡Lvk D‡š§vPb K‡i‡Qb| Zviv a‡g©i †`vnvB w`‡q e¨w³¯^v_© PwiZv_© K‡i
_v‡K| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zviv a‡g©i aviK I evnK bq| eis Zviv ¯^v_©wmw×i Rb¨ ag©‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q _v‡K| a‡g©i Aš@iv‡j Zviv Aa‡g©i
KvR m¤“v`b K‡i| gvbeZv I bxwZ-•bwZKZv ej‡Z Zv‡`i wKQz †bB| Zviv KLbI Amnvq gvby‡li cv‡k `uvovq bv| gvbweK MyYvewj
Zv‡`i Aš@‡i Abycw¯’Z|
DÏxc‡K RvwZ‡Z RvwZ‡Z I a‡g© wnsmv-we‡Ø‡li K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li g‡a¨ cvi¯“wiK †m․nv`©-m¤“ªxwZ †bB| fvZ…‡Z¡i e܇b †KD
Ave× bq| mym¤“‡K©i †eovRvj wQbœ K‡i mevB `”‡i m‡i hv‡‛Q| gvby‡li HK¨ webó n‡q wnsmv-we‡Ø‡l AvKvk-evZvm f‡i †M‡Q|
gvbeZv †h gnvag© GUv †hb Zviv fzj‡Z e‡m‡Q| gvbe ag©‡K AeÁv I Ae‡njv K‡i Zviv Avb›` DjÐvm Ki‡Q| gvbeZvi ag©‡K Zviv
†iva K‡i Aa‡g©i MwZ‡K Zivwš^Z K‡i‡Q| A_©vr e¨w³ ¯^v‡_© wjß n‡q‡Q| ZvB DÏxcK (i)G †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ Pwi‡Îi ¯^v_©ciZvi w`KwUi
cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (i)G †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ Pwi‡Îi RvwZ-a‡g©i Aš@iv‡j ¯^v_©ciZvi w`KwUi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|

k ÒDÏxcK (ii)G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwe †PZbviB cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|Ó Ñgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbyl‡K me©v‡MÖ ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQz G c„w_ex‡Z †bB| gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨B a‡g©i wbqg-bxwZ
cÖewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li Rb¨B ag©, a‡g©i Rb¨ gvbyl bq| gvbyl wec‡`i w`‡b Amnvq gvby‡li cv‡k `uvov‡e GUvB gvbeZvi ag©| GKRb
¶zavZ©‡K Abœ`vb Kivi gva¨‡gB a‡g©i c”Y©Zv Av‡m| KviY gvbyl gvby‡li Rb¨ Avi Rxeb Rxe‡bi Rb¨| g”jZ GwUB c„w_exi mKj a‡g©i
g”j K_v|
DÏxcK (ii)G gvby‡li RqMvb MvIqv n‡q‡Q| RvwZ, ag©, ivóª GKK_vq mewKQzi E‡aŸ© gvby‡li gh©v`v| gvbylB me‡P‡q e‡ov| gvby‡li
†P‡q gnxqvb Avi wKQzB †bB| KviY gvbyl m„wói †kÖô Rxe| gvby‡li g‡a¨ gvbeZv i‡q‡Q| gvby‡li we‡eK‡eva gvbyl‡K b¨vq-Ab¨vq †_‡K
i¶v K‡i| gvby‡li we‡e‡Ki †P‡q e‡ov Av`vjZ Avi wKQz †bB| KviY we‡e‡Ki Zvobvq gvbyl gbyl¨Z¡‡ev‡a D¾xweZ nq| GRb¨B
DÏxcK (ii)G gvby‡li e›`bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DÏxcK (ii)G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwe †PZbviB cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| KviY ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe gvby‡li MyYKxZ©b K‡i‡Qb|
gvbylB mewKQzi E‡aŸ©| c„w_exi hZ wbqg-k„¸Ljv I ag©xq wewa-wb‡la Zv †Kej gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨| RvwZ, ag©, ivóª mewKQzB gvby‡li
Rb¨| hw` gvby‡li Aw¯@Z¡ bv _v‡K Z‡e Gme wKQzB A_©nxb| ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe G mZ¨wU‡KB Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| hv DÏxcK (ii)Gi g‡a¨
GKB K_vi cÖwZaŸwb i‡q‡Q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi DÏxcK (ii)G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwe †PZbviB cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gvby‡li gh©v`v‡K †kÖô‡Z¡i Avm‡b mgvmxb Kivi gva¨‡g DÏxcK (ii)G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwe †PZbviB cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  140

cÖkœ  07 AskÑ1 : gvbyl ¶wYK Rxe‡bi Z‡i

bZzb ¯^cœMy‡jv Ki‡Q ecb
civwRZ n‡qI Rxebhy‡×
Mo‡Q Avcb fzeb|
AskÑ2 : ïay †n_v `yB Zx‡i, †Kev Rv‡b bvg
†`uvnv cv‡b †P‡q Av‡Q `yB Lvwb MÖvg|
GB †Lqv wPiw`b P‡j b`x †mªv‡ZÑ
†Kn hvq N‡i, †Kn Av‡m Ni n‡Z|
K. †Lqv †b․KvMy‡jv †Kv_vq G‡m †j‡M‡Q? 1
L. Ò†mBw`b GB gvV ¯@ä n‡e bv‡Kv Rvwb|ÓÑ PiYwU‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki 1bs As‡k Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki 2bs As‡k Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq ewY©Z cÖK…wZi wPiš@bZvi K_v D‡V G‡m‡Q|ÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h †Lqv‡b․KvMy‡jv P‡ii Lye Kv‡Q G‡m †j‡M‡Q|
i GLv‡b Kwe †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, †hw`b wZwb c„w_ex‡Z _vK‡eb bv, †mw`bI cÖK…wZ Zvi ¯^vfvweK wbq‡gB cÖengvb _vK‡e|
iƒcwm evsjvi Kwe cÖK…wZi wbZ¨Zvq wek¦vm K‡ib| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, mg‡qi AveZ©‡b GKmgq e¨w³gvby‡li g„Zz¨ n‡jI cÖK…wZ‡Z _v‡K
wPiKv‡ji e¨¯@Zv| gv‡V _v‡K PÂjZv, PvjZvdz‡j c‡o kx‡Zi wkwki, j²x‡cuPvi K‡É aŸwbZ nq g½jevZ©v| Gfv‡e bvbv weeZ©‡bi
g‡a¨I cÖK…wZ Zvi Avcb wbq‡gB cÖengvb _v‡K| cÖ‡kœv³ cO&w³wUi gva¨‡g G welqwUB †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : bvbv weeZ©‡bi g‡a¨I cÖK…wZ Zvi Avcb wbq‡gB cÖengvb _v‡K| cÖ‡kœv³ cO&w³wUi gva¨‡g G welqwUB †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki 1bs As‡k Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi kvk¦Z ¯^‡cœi w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq Kwe Rxebvb›` `vk gvby‡li ¯^‡cœi w`KwU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| gvbyl ¯^cœ †`L‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| g‡b g‡b ¯^‡cœi Rvj
ey‡b| RxebUv‡K iwOb K‡i mvRv‡Z Pvq| gvbyl g‡i †M‡jI ¯^cœMy‡jv g‡i bv| ¯^‡cœi †Kv‡bv g„Zz¨ †bB| gvby‡li Rxe‡b `ytL-Kó hZB
AvmyK bv †Kb Avevi bZzb K‡i Zviv ¯^cœ †`L‡Z ïi‚ K‡i| ¯^cœB gvbyl‡K nZvkvi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i bZzb K‡i euvPvi Aby‡cÖiYv †`q|
ZvB gvby‡li ¯^cœ Agi| gvby‡li G ¯^cœ wPiKvj †eu‡P _v‡K|
DÏxc‡Ki 1bs As‡k gvby‡li ¯^‡cœi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| gvby‡li Rxeb AZ¨š@ ¶z`ª| gvbyl Aí wKQzw`b G c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P _v‡K| wKš‘
gvbyl ¶wYK Rxe‡bi Rb¨ KZ bv bZzb ¯^‡cœi Rvj we¯@vi K‡i| RxebUv‡K ¯^‡cœi g‡Zv K‡i Mo‡Z Pvq| Rxe‡b Pjvi c‡_ A‡bK
evav-wecwË ev civR‡qi MÐvwb mn¨ Ki‡Z nq| KL‡bv ev Rxeb hy‡× civRxZ n‡Z nq| ZeyI gvby‡li ¯^cœ †`Lv eÜ nq bv| Avcb fzeb
Movi `„p cÖZ¨‡q gvbyl AveviI ¯^cœ †`L‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki 1bs As‡k Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi
wPiš@b ¯^‡cœi w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki 1bs As‡k Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi kvk¦Z ¯^‡cœi w`KwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki 2bs As‡k Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq ewY©Z cÖK…wZi wPiš@bZvi K_v D‡V G‡m‡Q|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq Kwe Rxebvb›` `vk cÖK…wZi wPiš@bZvi wPÎ Gu‡K‡Qb| e¨w³ gvby‡li g„Zz¨ i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cÖK…wZi ¯^vfvweK
Kg©Kv‡Êi †Kv‡bv g„Zz¨ †bB| gvby‡li Rš§-g„Z¨z ‡Z cÖK…wZi Ici †Kv‡bv cÖfve c‡o bv| cÖK…wZ Zvi ¯^vfvweK wbq‡gB P‡j| c„w_exi A‡bK
mf¨Zv aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q| wKš‘ cÖK…wZ Av‡Mi g‡ZvB wPi Awebk¦i i‡q‡Q| GgbwK fwel¨‡ZI cÖK…wZ Zvi Avcb ¯^KxqZv eRvq ivL‡e|
KviY †Kv‡bv Kg©KvÊB cÖK…wZi MwZ‡K †iva Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| cÖK…wZ †hb Zvi Avcb MwZ‡ZB m`v N”Y©vqgvb|
DÏxc‡Ki 2bs As‡k b`xZx‡ii eY©bv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| b`xi `yB Zx‡i `yB Lvwb MÖvg i‡q‡Q| bvg bv Rvbv G MÖv‡gi cv‡kB GKwU b`x
e‡q †M‡Q| b`x Zvi Avcb MwZ‡ZB cÖengvb| Avi G b`x‡Z †b․Kv P‡j| †b․Kvq K‡i †KD evwo n‡Z †Kv‡bv Kv‡R Ab¨Î hvq| Avevi
†KD Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¯’vb n‡Z †b․Kvq K‡i evwo wd‡i| G †hb b`x Zx‡ii wbZ¨ w`‡bi wPÎ| g”jZ Gi gva¨‡g DÏxc‡Ki Kwe G c„w_ex‡Z
gvby‡li AvMgb I cÖ¯’vb‡K eywS‡q‡Qb| A_©vr G c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡li Rš§ nIqvi wKQz mgq ci G c„w_ex †_‡K we`vq wb‡Z nq| wKš‘
cÖK…wZi ¯^vfvweK Kg©KvÊ Av‡Mi g‡ZvB i‡q hvq|
cwi‡k‡l Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki 2bs As‡k Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq ewY©Z cÖK…wZi wPiš@bZvi K_vB dz‡U D‡V‡Q| KviY G
cÖK…wZi wPiš@b Kg©Kv‡Êi †Kv‡bv ¶q ev webvk †bB| AvengvbKvj a‡iB cÖK…wZi wPiš@b cÖengvbZv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| GgbwK
fwel¨‡ZI Zv A¶Z Ae¯’vq _vK‡e| cÖK…wZ Zvi Avcb gwngvq wPi fv¯^i| cÖK…wZ KviI gyLv‡c¶x ev wbf©ikxj bq| G c„w_ex‡Z
cÖK…wZi wPiš@bZv KL‡bv wejxb nevi bq| hv DÏxcK I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq hyMcrfv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q| myZivs cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU
h_v_© I cÖwYavb‡hvM¨|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK I Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZv Dfq ¯’v‡bB cÖK…wZi wPiš@bZvi K_v D‡V G‡m‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  141

cÖkœ  08 •PZb¨cyi MÖv‡gi cÖfvekvjx gwZ wgqv cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡q MÖv‡g nvgjv Pvjvq| gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`Iqv
gvby‡li Nievwo‡Z AvMyb jvwM‡q †`q| MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk Ni cy‡o QvB n‡q hvq| MÖv‡gi mvnmx wK‡kvi meyR GB NUbv mn¨ Ki‡Z bv
†c‡i gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`q| cieZ©xKv‡j †m m¤§yLhy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o|
K. Kvby `qv‡ji evwo‡Z e‡m eyav †iwW‡qv‡Z Kx ï‡bwQj? 1
L. Ò†jvnvi Uzwc wK gvby‡li gMR Lvq?Ó K_vwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwZ wgqvi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kv‡`i •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wK‡kvi meyR †hb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyaviB cÖwZwbwa|Ó K_vwUi mv_©KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Kvby `qv‡ji evwo‡Z e‡m eyav †iwW‡qv‡Z e½eÜyi mvZB gv‡P©i fvlY ï‡bwQj|
i ivRvKvi‡`i wbôzi AvPi‡Yi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z eyav g‡b K‡i †jvnvi Uzwc I‡`i gMR †L‡q‡Q|
gv_vq †jvnvi Uzwc civ wZb Rb ivRvKvi eyavi `ynvZ I `y-cv a‡i P¨vs‡`vjv K‡i gv‡Vi gvSLv‡b G‡b avg K‡i †d‡j †`q| Iiv gv‡Vi
gvSLv‡b GKwU euvk cyu‡Z euv‡ki m‡½ eyav‡K KvKZvo~qvi g‡Zv †eu‡a Ii Mv‡qi RvgvUv Ly‡j †eu‡a †`q gv_vq| †mB mv‡_ Zvi gy‡L-wc‡V
ivbœvN‡ii nuvwoi Kvwj w`‡q Gu‡K †`q AuvKveuvKv †iLv| Zvici wn wn K‡i nvm‡Z nvm‡Z wZb Rb ivRvKvi P‡j †M‡j eyavi †PvL R¦‡j I‡V| eyav
g‡b K‡i, †jvnvi Uzwc ci‡j gvby‡li gv_vi eyw× †jvc cvq, ZvB †cqviv LvIqv‡bvi K…ZÁZv ¯^iƒcI Iiv Zvi kvw¯@ gIKz‡di K_v fv‡ewb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : †jvnvi Uzwc civi Kvi‡Y nvbv`vi evwnbxi †jvKRb Abyf‚wZk”b¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q| †mRb¨ eyav e‡j‡Q, Ô†jvnvi Uzwc I‡`i gMR †L‡q‡QÕ|

j DÏxc‡Ki gwZ wgqvi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Avnv` gyw݇`i g‡Zv ivRvKvi‡`i •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m gyw³hy‡×i ev¯@e wPÎ Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q| 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx wbixn evOvwj‡`i Ici Suvwc‡q
c‡o| Avi cvwK¯@vwb evwnbx‡`i mv‡_ †hvM †`q G‡`‡ki GK‡kÖwYi myweavev`x †jvK| ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Avnv` gywÝ Ggwb GKwU
PwiÎ| Avnv` gywÝ cvwK¯@vwb‡`i mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡q G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Ici wbh©vZb Pvjvq| gvby‡li Nievwo‡Z AvMyb jvwM‡q †`q| hviv
gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i Zv‡`i Lei cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi Kv‡Q †cu․‡Q †`q| d‡j Zviv †h․_fv‡e wbixn gvby‡li Ici wbh©vZ‡bi
w÷ªg †ivjvi Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| Zv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡i G‡`‡ki gyw³Kvgx RbZv AwZô n‡q I‡V|
DÏxc‡Ki •PZb¨cyi MÖv‡gi cÖfvekvjx gwZwgqv GKRb ivRvKvi| †m cvwK¯@vwb evwnbxi mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡q MÖv‡g nvgjv Pvjvq|
gyw³hy‡× Ask †bIqv gvby‡li Nievwo‡Z AvMyb jvwM‡q †`q| d‡j MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk Nievwo cy‡o QvB n‡q hvq| DÏxc‡Ki b¨vq
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mI Avgiv Ggb `„k¨ †`L‡Z cvB| Dcb¨v‡mi Avnv` gywÝ ivRvKvi evwnbxi cÖwZwbwa| †m cvwK¯@vwb •mb¨‡`i mv‡_
†hvM w`‡q aŸsmvÍK Kg©KvÊ Pvjvq| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi DÏxc‡Ki gwZ wgqvi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ivRvKvi‡`i
•ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki gwZ wgqvi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Avnv` gyw݇`i g‡Zv ivRvKvi‡`i •ewkó¨ cwijw¶Z nq|

k ÒDÏxc‡Ki wK‡kvi meyR †hb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyaviB cÖwZwbwa|ÓÑ K_vwU h_v_© e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav PwiÎwU AZ¨š@ Myi‚Z¡c”Y© GKwU PwiÎ| KviY Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwb AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| eyav
GKRb wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v| †m eq‡m wK‡kvi n‡jI AZ¨š@ mvnmx| KviY †m gv-evev, fvB-†evb nvwi‡q wbt¯^ n‡q †M‡Q| Zvi Rxe‡b
Avi nvivevi wKQz †bB| †m cvwK¯@vwb •mb¨‡`i aŸsm jxjv †`‡L AZ¨š@ e¨w_Z nq| Avi Zv‡`i Ici cÖwZ‡kva †bIqvi Rb¨ D`&&MÖxe n‡q
I‡V| ZvB †m gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`q| Avi gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`Iqvi gva¨‡gB †m cÖZ¨¶fv‡e gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i| gyw³hy‡× †m
exiZ¡c”Y© Ae`vb iv‡L|
DÏxc‡K 1971 mv‡ji †cÖ¶vc‡Ui wP·K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| •PZb¨cyi MÖv‡gi cÖfvekvjx gwZ wgqv cvwK¯@vwb‡`i mv‡_ GKvÍ n‡q wewfbœ
aŸsmvÍK Kg©KvÊ Pvjvq| MÖv‡gi evwoNi R¡vwj‡q cywo‡q QvB K‡i †`q| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z MÖv‡gi mvnmx wK‡kvi meyR cÖwZev`x n‡q
I‡V| Zv‡`i aŸsmvÍK Kg©Kv‡Êi Aemvb NUv‡bvi Rb¨ gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`q| gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`Iqvi gva¨‡gB Zvi B‛Qvi
cÖwZdjb N‡U| cieZx©‡Z †m m¤§yLhy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| Gfv‡eB wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v meyR cÖZ¨¶fv‡e gyw³hy‡× Ask †bq|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki wK‡kvi meyR †hb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyaviB cÖwZwbwa| KviY wK‡kvi meyR
†`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ gyw³hy‡× Ask †bq| Avevi ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavI GKB Kvi‡Y gyw³hy‡× †hvM †`q| cvwK¯@vwb‡`i
AZ¨vPvi †_‡K G‡`‡ki gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K evwR †i‡L wK‡kvi eyav gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| Zvi Kg©Kv‡Êi ev¯@e
cÖwZdjb Avgiv DÏxc‡Ki mey‡Ri gv‡SI j¶ Kwi| Zviv `yR‡bB g”jZ GKB c‡_i cw_K| Zv‡`i j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ GK I Awfbœ|
wK‡kvi meyR †hb eyavi Av`‡k©B D¾xweZ n‡q‡Q| myZivs cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU h_v_© e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi w`K w`‡q DÏxc‡Ki wK‡kvi meyR †hb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyaviB cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e cÖZxqgvb nq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  142

cÖkœ  09 DÏxcK (i) : AmsL¨ gvbyl wcuc‡oi g‡Zv QzUwQj|

gv_vq myU‡Km, eM‡j Kvc‡oi MuvUwi|
†Kvg‡i ev‛Pv|
†Pv‡L gy‡L Kx GK Aw¯’i AvZ¼|
K_v †bB| †g․b mevB|
DÏxcK (ii) : k³ gywVi euva‡b euva‡b
eRª euvwaqv bvI,
mgy‡L Gevi `„wó †Zvgvi
†cQ‡bi K_v †fvj|
K. kvwš@ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb †K? 1
L. ÒAvgiv jovB bv Ki‡j MÖvgUv GKw`b f‚‡Zi evwo n‡e|Ó eyavi GK_v ejvi KviY Kx? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki (i)bs As‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbv‡K Bw½Z K‡i? eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki (ii)bs As‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k‡cÖwgK gvby‡li RvMÖZ nIqvi DÏxcbv‡K Zz‡j
a‡i|ÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h kvwš@ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb n‡jv Avnv` gywÝ|
i ÒAvgiv jovB bv Ki‡j MÖvgUv GKw`b f‚‡Zi evwo n‡e|ÓÑ eyavi GK_v ejvi KviY jovB Kivi gva¨‡g MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K i¶v Kiv|
nvbv`vi evwnbx eyav‡`i MÖv‡g G‡m MÖvgevmx‡`i Ici wbwe©Pv‡i Mywj Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| Pviw`‡K ïay c‡o _v‡K jvk Avi jvk| wbwe©Pv‡i
MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ MÖvgwU gvbyl k”b¨ n‡q covi Dcµg n‡q c‡owQj| ZvB MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ eyav D`&MÖxe n‡q
I‡V| eyav GUv Abyaveb Ki‡Z m¶g nq †h, jovB K‡iB MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K euvPv‡Z n‡e| Avi jovB bv Ki‡j MÖv‡gi me gvbyl‡K Iiv
†g‡i †dj‡e| ZLb MÖvgUv gvbyl k”b¨ n‡q f‚‡Zi evwo n‡q hv‡e| g‡bi g‡a¨ cÖwZev`x †PZbvi Kvi‡YB eyav GK_v e‡j‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : jovB Kivi gva¨‡g MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨B eyav e‡j‡Q, ÒAvgiv jovB bv Ki‡j MÖvgUv GKw`b f‚‡Zi evwo n‡e|Ó
j DÏxc‡Ki (i)bs As‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q wbixn gvbyl cÖvY euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ evwo-Ni †Q‡o Ab¨Î P‡j hvIqvi
NUbv‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m gyw³hy‡×i ev¯@e Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx G‡`‡ki wbixn gvby‡li Ici AgvbweK
wbh©vZb Pvjvq| Zviv evwoN‡i AvMyb jvwM‡q mewKQz‡K cywo‡q QvB K‡i †`q| Zv‡`i AZ¨vPvi †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi Rb¨ wbixn gvbyl
evwo-Ni †Q‡o cvjv‡Z _v‡K| Kuv‡a-nv‡Z, eM‡j, gv_vq, †h †hfv‡e †c‡i‡Q †mfv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ wb‡q evwo †Q‡o cvwj‡q‡Q|
A‡bK Amnvq e„×, wkï I bvixivI eû K‡ó c_ Pj‡Z _v‡K| Avi G `„k¨ †`‡L g‡b nq iv¯@vq †hb Rbmgy‡`ªi Xj †b‡g‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvq gyw³hy‡×i †cÖ¶vcU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx b„ksm nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| Zviv wbwe©Pv‡i
gvbyl‡K cvwLi g‡Zv Mywj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| ZvB mvaviY RbZv Rxeb euvPv‡bvi Avkvq evwo-Ni Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨Î Mgb K‡i| AmsL¨ gvbyl
wcuc‡oi mvwii g‡Zv QzUwQj| Zv‡`i gv_vq wQj myU‡Km, eM‡j Kvc‡oi MuvUwi| Avevi KviI †Kvg‡i ev‛Pv| †Pv‡L-gy‡L Zv‡`i GK
ARvbv AvZ¼ KvR KiwQj| Zv‡`i gy‡L †Kv‡bv K_v wQj bv| mevB †hb evK&nxb n‡q c‡owQj| DÏxc‡Ki G `„k¨wU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ
Dcb¨v‡mi NUbv‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki (i)bs As‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi evwo-Ni †Q‡o cvjv‡bvi
NUbv‡KB Bw½Z K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki (i)bs As‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gyw³hy‡×i mg‡q wbixn gvbyl cÖvY euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ evwo-Ni †Q‡o Ab¨Î P‡j hvIqvi
NUbv‡K Bw½Z K‡i|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki (ii)bs As‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k‡cÖwgK gvby‡li RvMÖZ nIqvi DÏxcbv‡K Zz‡j a‡i|ÓÑ
gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨vmwU GKwU gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm| gyw³hy‡×i ev¯@eZvi Av‡jv‡K Dcb¨vmwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G Dcb¨v‡m exi
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i exiZ¡c”Y© NUbvewj ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| gyw³‡hv×viv wQj cÖK…Z †`k‡cÖwgK| †`kgvZ…Kvi Uv‡b Zviv A¯¿ nv‡Z wb‡q hy‡×
Suvwc‡q c‡owQj| G‡`k I †`‡ki gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ Zviv cÖvYcYfv‡e hy× K‡iwQj| Zv‡`i j¶¨ wQj G‡`k †_‡K cvwK¯@vwb‡`i
wPiZ‡i weZvwoZ Kiv| Zv‡`i wbijm mvabvi gva¨‡g G‡`k ¯^vaxb nq| exi evOvwjiv gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq D¾xweZ nq|
DÏxc‡Ki (ii)bs As‡k cÖwZev`x g‡bvfve dz‡U D‡V‡Q| m¤§yLcv‡b GwM‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ `„p cÖZ¨qx nIqvi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wec`
†gvKvwejvi Rb¨ k³fv‡e gywó euva‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| Avi `„wó ivL‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q mvg‡bi w`‡K| KviY †cQ‡b †divi †Kv‡bv AeKvk
†bB| me ai‡bi wcQzUv‡bi K_v fz‡j †h‡Z n‡e| Avi `„pwP‡Ë Kvw¸¶Z j¶¨vR©‡b AMÖmi n‡Z n‡e| Afxó j‡¶¨ †cu․Qv‡bvi Rb¨ D³
`„wófw³i †Kv‡bv weKí †bB|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  143

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv‡š@ ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki (ii)bs As‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k‡cÖwgK gvby‡li RvMÖZ nIqvi
DÏxcbv‡K Zz‡j a‡i| KviY DÏxc‡K m¤§yL cv‡b exi‡Z¡i mv‡_ GwM‡q hvIqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| gyw³‡hv×viv Rxe‡bi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i
hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| DÏxc‡KI exiZ¡ mnKv‡i Afxó j¶¨ cv‡b GwM‡q hvIqvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| KviY Zviv †`k‡cÖwgK| Zviv
AKz‡Zvfq Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix| Zviv gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq D¾xweZ mvnmx exi cyi‚l| myZivs cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki (ii)bs As‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k‡cÖwgK gvby‡li RvMÖZ nIqvi DÏxcbv dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
cÖkœ  10 ixgv we‡K‡j †Lj‡Z wM‡q cyKzi c‡o AÁvb n‡q c‡o hvq| G Lei ï‡b Zvi gv Aw¯’i n‡q cvov-cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i civg‡k©
Zv‡K ISvi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq| ISv Svo-dzK K‡i, cvwb cov LvB‡q Zv‡K evwo cvwV‡q †`q| Lei †c‡q wek^we`¨vjq co~qv e‡ov fvB
ivZzj evwo G‡m ixgv‡K Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q †h‡Z PvB‡j gv evav †`q| ivZzj gv‡K e‡j, Zzwg G hy‡M G‡mI Svo-dzuK wek^vm K‡iv|
ixgv Amy¯’, Zv‡K Wv³vi †`Lv‡Z n‡e| GB e‡j †m ixgv‡K Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq|
K. nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi †Kv_vq wQj? 1
L. ewncxi‡K ÔewncxiÕ ejv nq †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ivZz‡ji gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒgvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ivZzj ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi mv_©K cÖwZwbwaÓÑ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wQj †ikgcy‡i|
i eB‡qi fvlvq K_v e‡jb e‡j wci mv‡ne‡K ewncxi ejv n‡q‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki wci mv‡ne K_vevZ©v ej‡Z wM‡q memgq eB‡qi fvlv e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb| KviY Zv‡K †`‡ki bvbv cÖv‡š@i gywi`‡`i
mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z nq| G‡KK ¯’v‡bi fvlv G‡KK iKg, Zvi c‡¶ me GjvKvi fvlv iß Kiv m¤¢e bv nIqvq wZwb eB‡qi fvlv‡KB
†e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb| Avi G Kvi‡YB Zv‡K ewncxi ejv nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : eB‡qi fvlvq K_v e‡jb e‡j wci mv‡ne‡K ewncxi ejv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki ivZz‡ji gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv PwiÎwU Kzms¯‥v‡i wek¦vmx| Zvi g‡bi gv‡S Kzms¯‥v‡ii Kv‡jv †gN R‡g Av‡Q| ZvB †m wcicÖ_vq wek¦vm
K‡i| wci‡K Ava¨vwÍK mvaK g‡b K‡i| wc‡ii A‡j․wKK ¶gZvq wek¦vm K‡i| hv m¤“”Y© Aev¯@e I wfwËnxb| fÊ ewncx‡ii nvZ
†_‡K euvPvi Rb¨ Zv‡niv evwo Z¨vM K‡i| †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡K AvkÖq w`‡jI ewncx‡ii nv‡ZB Zv‡K Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvq| Avi GwU‡K †m Lye gnr
KvR g‡b K‡i| KviY †m AÜ wcicÖ_vq wek¦vmx|
DÏxc‡Ki ixgv we‡K‡j †Lj‡Z wM‡q cyKzi cv‡o AÁvb n‡q c‡o hvq| G Lei ï‡b Zvi gv Aw¯’i n‡q hvq| Avi MÖvgevmxi civg‡k©
ixgv‡K ISvi Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq| ISv ixgv‡K Svo-duzK K‡i †`q| G Lei †c‡q ixgvi e‡ov fvB ivZzj evwo wd‡i Av‡m| Avi ixgv‡K
Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q †h‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ ixgvi gv G Kv‡R evav †`q| †m wek¦vm K‡i ISvi Svo-duz‡KB ixgv my¯’ n‡q hv‡e| ZvB Avgiv
ej‡Z cvwi, Kzms¯‥v‡ii `„wó‡KvY †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ivZz‡ji gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ivZz‡ji gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ we`¨gvb|
k ÒgvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ivZzj ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z GKRb hyeK| †m i‚wPevb I we‡eK‡eva m¤“bœ gvbyl| †m AÜ AbyKiY I Kzms¯‥v‡i
wek¦vmx bq| GRb¨ †m wcicÖ_v‡K wek¦vm K‡i bv| fÛwci a‡g©i †`vnvB w`‡q mijcÖvY gvby‡li g‡b †avKv †`q| wKš‘ wc‡ii †avKv †_‡K
nv‡kg gy³ Av‡Q| wc‡ii †avKvevwR m¤“‡K© †m AeMZ| GRb¨ †m wcicÖ_v‡K g‡bcÖv‡Y N„Yv K‡i| fÊwc‡ii nvZ †_‡K †m Zv‡niv‡K i¶v
K‡i| GgbwK Zv‡niv‡K †m we‡q K‡i ¯¿xi gh©v`vI †`q|
DÏxc‡Ki ivZzj wek¦we`¨vj‡q c‡o| †m Lei cvq Zvi †evb cyKzi cv‡o AÁvb n‡q c‡o †M‡Q| A_P Zvi gv Wv³v‡ii kiYvcbœ nqwb|
ISvi wbKU wM‡q ixgv‡K Svo-dzuK Kwi‡q wb‡q G‡m‡Q| ZvB ivZzj Zvi †evb ixgv‡K Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q †h‡Z Pvq| Ggb mgq Zvi
gv evav †`q| Zvi gv g‡b K‡i ISvi Svo-duz‡KB ixgv my¯’ n‡q hv‡e| wKš‘ ivZzj Zv wek¦vm K‡i bv| GRb¨ †m Zvi gv‡K welqwU
eywS‡q ixgv‡K Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki ivZzj †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa| KviY DÏxc‡Ki
ivZz‡ji g‡a¨ nv‡kg Pwi‡Îi MyYvewj j¶ Kiv hvq| ivZzj wek¦we`¨vj‡q c‡o| †m AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z m‡PZb GKRb gvbyl| †m
†Kv‡bv Kzms¯‥v‡i wek¦vmx bq| GRb¨B Zvi †evb‡K Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡q wM‡q mywPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v K‡i‡Q| Aciw`‡K nv‡kg AvwjI
ewncx‡ii nvZ †_‡K Zv‡niv‡K i¶v K‡i‡Q| ivZzj I nv‡kg PwiÎwU †hb GKB gy`ªvi GwcU IwcV gvÎ| ZvB cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki ivZzj ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡eB cÖZxqgvb nq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  144

cÖkœ  11 wZb we‡q Kiv lvU eQi eqwm MÖv‡gi abx †Mi¯@ m‡KU e¨vcvix cvcwoi `wi`ª evev-gv‡qi Kv‡Q we‡qi cÖ¯@ve w`‡j Zviv
ivwR n‡q hvb| wKš‘ cvcwo Zv bv †g‡b, ¯‥z‡ji evÜex I wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq we‡q eÜ Ki‡Z m¶g nq| m‡KU e¨vcvix †Kv‡bv
cÖwZev` QvovB G e¨vcviwU‡K †g‡b †bq| G‡¶‡Î Zvi †Kv‡bv cÖfve cÖwZcwË Kv‡R Av‡m bv|
K. Zv‡niv‡K †Kv_v †_‡K eRivq Zz‡j †bIqv n‡qwQj? 1
L. nwKKzjÐvn cywjk WvK‡Z †M‡jv bv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cvcwoi g‡a¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi †Kvb †PZbvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òm‡KU e¨vcvix I ewncx‡ii cwiewZ©Z iƒcwU BwZevPK|Ó DÏxcK I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Zv‡niv‡K †Wgivi NvU †_‡K eRivq Zz‡j †bIqv n‡qwQj|
i cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbv K‡i ewncx‡ii wec‡`i Avk¼vq nwKKzjÐvn cywjk WvK‡Z wM‡q wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb|
ewncxi Zv‡nivi gv-evevi mn‡hvwMZvq Zvi AgZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡K we‡q K‡ib| wKš‘ Zv‡niv evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq| cieZ©xKv‡j
ewncxi nv‡Zg Avwji eRivq Zv‡nivi Dcw¯’wZ †Ui cvb| Zv‡niv‡K mv‡_ wb‡q †h‡Z PvB‡j †m ivwR bv nIqvq wZwb nwKKzjÐvn‡K
cywjk WvK‡Z e‡jb| wKš‘ K‡bi Ag‡Z we‡q Kivq ewncx‡ii wec` n‡Z cv‡i †f‡e nwKKzjÐvn cywjk WvK‡Z wM‡q wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ewncx‡ii wec‡`i Avk¼vq nwKKzjÐvn cywjk WvK‡Z wM‡q wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb|
j DÏxc‡Ki cvcwoi g‡a¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi cÖwZev`x †PZbvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv GKwU cÖwZev`x I m‡PZb PwiÎ| Zv‡nivi evev-gv ewncx‡ii gywi`| Zviv Kzms¯‥v‡i wek¦vmx| ZvB Zviv
Zv‡niv‡K e„× wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡q w`‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Zv‡niv G we‡q‡Z ivwR bq e‡j evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq| KviY †m Kzms¯‥v‡i Av‛Qbœ
bq| †m wcicÖ_v‡K g‡bcÖv‡Y N„Yv K‡i| †m wc‡ii cÖZviYv m¤“‡K© AeMZ| ZvQvov e„×wc‡ii mv‡_ Zvi Amg we‡q †m †Kv‡bv fv‡eB
†g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| GRb¨ D³ cÖwZev‡`i Ask wn‡m‡eB †m evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki cvcwo `wi`ª cwiev‡ii †g‡q| lvU eQi eqmx e„× m‡KU e¨vcvix cvcwo‡K we‡q Kivi Rb¨ cÖ¯@ve cvVvq| cvcwoi evev-gv
D³ cÖ¯@v‡e ivwR n‡q hvq| wKš‘ cvcwo G we‡q‡Z cÖwZev` Rvbvq| †m ¯‥z‡ji evÜex I wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq we‡q eÜ Ki‡Z m¶g
nq| DÏxc‡Ki cvcwo ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi g‡ZvB cÖwZev`x f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki cvcwoi
g‡a¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi cÖwZev`x †PZbvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cvcwoi g‡a¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi cÖwZev`x †PZbv dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k Òm‡KU e¨vcvix I ewncx‡ii cwiewZ©Z iƒcwU BwZevPK|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncxi GKwU a”Z© PwiÎ| †m LyeB PvjvK cÖK…wZi †jvK| AwZ PvjvwKi Kvi‡YB †m gvby‡li mijg‡b †avKv w`‡q _v‡K|
Zvi †avKvq c‡o A‡b‡KB Zv‡K A‡j․wKK ¶gZvi AwaKvix g‡b K‡i| Avi G my‡hv‡MB ewncxi Zvi mKj AcKg© Pvjvq| A‡bK mgq
Qj PvZzwii AvkÖq wb‡qI Zvi g‡bvevmbv c”iY Ki‡Z Pvq| †m Zv‡niv‡K ¯¿x wn‡m‡e cvIqvi Rb¨ me ai‡bi K‚U‡K․k‡ji AvkÖq
wb‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †kl ch©š@ e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ n‡q‡Q| Avi G e¨_©Zv‡K †m wbwØ©avq †g‡b wb‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki m‡KU e¨vcvix lvU eQi eqmx GKRb e„×| †m e„× n‡jI wK‡kvix cvcwoi w`‡K Kz`„wó †`q| †m cvcwo‡K we‡q Kivi Rb¨
cvcwoi evev-gvi Kv‡Q cÖ¯@ve cvVvq| cvcwoi `wi`ª evev-gv D³ cÖ¯@v‡e m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡i| wKš‘ cvcwo G Amg we‡q‡Z wØgZ †cvlY
K‡i| †m cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q G we‡q evwZj Ki‡Z m¶g nq| Avi G Kv‡R Zv‡K Zvi evÜex I ¯‥z‡ji wk¶K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| m‡KU
e¨vcvix cÖfvekvjx †jvK n‡jI G‡¶‡Î Zvi cÖfve cÖwZcwË Kv‡R Av‡mwb|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq DÏxc‡Ki m‡KU e¨vcvix I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii cwiewZ©Z iƒcwU BwZevPK| KviY Zviv Aí eq¯‥ †g‡q‡K
we‡q Ki‡Z PvB‡jI †kl ch©š@ e¨_© n‡q‡Q| Avi Zv‡`i G e¨_©Zv‡K Zviv †g‡b wb‡q‡Q| Zviv Avi †Kv‡bv cÖfve LvUvqwb| d‡j Zv‡`i
G cwieZ©b‡K BwZevPKfv‡eB g”j¨vqb Kiv hvq| †Rvi K‡i KvD‡K we‡q Kiv hvq bv G welqwU Zviv Abyaveb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i G
KvRwU wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU BwZevPK KvR| myZivs cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ev¯@eZv‡K †g‡b †bIqvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K m‡KU e¨vcvix I ewncx‡ii cwiewZ©Z iƒcwU BwZevPK e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  145

KzwgjÐv †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg”n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U
Kjg Øviv m¤“”Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. mvwn‡Z¨i †Kvb kvLvi m‡½ Ôi½gÂÕ welqwU RwoZ? 15. DÏxc‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h wel‡qi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q, Zv n‡jvÑ
E KweZv F Dcb¨vm G bvUK H cÖeÜ i. gyw³Kvgx evOvwji cÖwZ‡kva ¯“„nv ii. cvK‡mbvi b„ksm wbcxob
2. Ôgvbyl wQj mij, wQj ag©ej iii. gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvÍZ¨vM I mvdj¨
GLb mevB cvMjÑ e‡ov †jvK nBZvg|Õ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb K_vMy‡jv DÏxc‡Ki E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
†kl ev‡K¨i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? 16. wb‡Pi †Kvb iPbvwU Avjv`v †kÖwYi?
E ÔA_©wPš@vi wbM‡o mK‡j ew›`|Õ F ÔAbœe‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡qI gyw³ e‡ov|Õ  E eB cov F ggZvw` G wbgMvQ H myfv
 G ÔA_©mvabvB Rxebmvabv bq|Õ H ÔAbœe‡¯¿i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †Póv|Õ  17. m‡µwUm e‡j‡Qb ÔAvwg KvD‡K wk¶v w`‡Z cvie bv, ïay Zv‡`i wPš@v
3. ÔGwkwiqv ay‡jv AvR ............Õ Kiv‡Z cvie|Õ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K m‡µwUm Kvi cÖwZwbwa?
GLv‡b ÔGwkwiqvÕ Kx‡mi cÖZxK? E we`¨v`vZv F h_v_© Myi‚ G `vZvKY© H †øngqx gv
E inm¨gq †m․›`h© F kvk^Z cÖK…wZ 18. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pi‡Y gbyl¨‡Z¡i Pig Aegvbbv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
 G ¶wqòz mf¨Zv H wewPÎ weeZ©b E wZwgiivwÎ, c_ Ry‡o Zvi ¶zavi gvwbK R¦‡j!
4. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei Kv‡Q gvqv-gš¿aŸwb n‡jv, K‡cvZv¶ b‡`iÑ F Avgvi ¶zavi Abœ Zv e‡j eÜ Kiwb cÖfz|
E wPi PjgvbZv F KjKj kã G `y» iƒc †mªvZ H Aèvb ¯§„wZ  G mnmv eÜ n‡jv gw›`i, fzLvwi wdwiqv P‡j
5. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq e‡bi ey‡ov cvZvi m‡½ Kx S‡i c‡o? H ....... gi †Mv-fvMv‡o wM‡q! bgvR cwom †eUv?
E cvZv-†Puvqv Rj F cPvb cvZvi NªvY 19. ÔmyfvÕ M‡í D‡jÐwLZ ÔMfxi wb¯@ä cvZvjcyixÕ †Kgb?
E wSwjÐiec”Y© F Zi‚‛QvqvNb G gwY`xß H welv`kvš@
 G i‚M&Y †Q‡ji Avqy H weinx gv‡qi AkÖ‚
6. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ggZvw` Zvi ¯^vgxi KwíZ PvKwii msev‡` †jLK‡K Kx 20. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í nwini iv‡qi ÁvwZ-åvZv †K wQ‡jb?
E bxjgwY ivq F fyeb gyLy‡h¨ G Abœ`v ivq H ivav †evóg
LvIqv‡Z †P‡qwQj?
E evZvmv F m‡›`k G im‡MvjÐv H Kgjv‡jey
21. Ôevwoi wcQ‡b AveR©bvi ¯@‚‡ci g‡a¨B `uvwo‡q iBj †m|Õ GLv‡b ÔAveR©bvÕ
7. ÔRxeb-m½xZÕ KweZvq Kwei g‡Z Kx‡m gvbe-gyw³ †bB? M„neayi †¶‡Î Kx cÖZxKx A_© cÖKvk K‡i?
E mvsmvwiK Sv‡gjv F mvgvwRK Myi‚Z¡
E msmv‡i F mg‡i G m¼‡í H •eiv‡M¨
 G Amxg AvÍZ¨vM H cvwievwiK Ae‡njv
8. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü D‡jÐwLZ gv PwiÎwU Kvi/Kx‡mi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i?
22. ÔAvgvi evwo hvBI †fvgi
E Awffve‡Ki F wk¶vc×wZi G wk¶‡Ki H wk¶vcÖ‡YZvi
em‡Z †`e wcu‡o
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Rjcvb †h Ki‡Z †`e
Ôgvm bq‡Zv eQi hyMvš@i kvwj av‡bi wP‡o|Õ
hLb _vwK k΂ wkwe‡i e‡m;..... ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡í Ave`yi ingv‡bi †h PvwiwÎK •ewkó¨ DÏxc‡K cÖvmw½K, Zv n‡jvÑ
N‡i ew›` mKvj-mܨv Kv‡U| i. †m․Rb¨‡eva ii. AwZw_civqYZv iii. Kg©`¶Zv
meyR wRc Mwj‡Z w`‡‛Q nvbv; wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†Q‡jiv †M‡Q, gwiqv Pvwl I gRyi E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
†L‡Z-Lvgv‡i †KD †bB †PbvRvbv|Õ 23. ÔGgb †g‡qI KviI †c‡U Rš§vq RvbZvg bv|Õ cÖm½wU‡Z Zv‡nivi Pwi‡Îi
9. DÏxc‡K Ô†Q‡jivÕ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq Kvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i? †Kvb w`KwU D‡š§vwPZ n‡q‡Q?
E gÄyi F Kwig G i‚wg H euvKv E Aeva¨Zv F AgvbweKZv G AmnvqZ¡ H mvnwmKZv
10. DÏxc‡K ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †h fv‡ei cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q Zv n‡jvÑ 24. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Abgbxq PwiÎ †KvbwU?
i. Aei‚× gvby‡li DrKÉv ii. cvKevwnbxi ee©‡ivwPZ AvPiY E nv‡Zg Avjx F Zv‡niv G †Lv‡`Rv H nv‡kg Avjx
iii. Zi‚Y‡`i gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY 25. ÔAvgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv wcÖq cÖv‡Yi meyRÕ †Kv_vq wg‡kwQj?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E ÔKwenxb wegyL cÖvš@‡iÕ F ÔRbmgy‡`ªi D`¨vb •mK‡ZÕ
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii  G Ôay ay gv‡Vi mey‡RÕ H ÔMYm”‡h©i g‡ÂÕ
11. ÔivbviÕ KweZvwU †Kvb Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q? 26. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq fyLvwii KÉ ¶xY nIqvi KviY Kx?
E c”e©vfvm F Awfhvb G QvocÎ H Nyg †bB E K¬vwš@ F eva©K¨ G ¶zav H fq
12. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× Rxeb 27. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe Avgv‡`i cÖZœZvwË¡K HwZ‡n¨i cwiPq w`‡Z
DrmM©Kvix e¨w³ n‡jbÑ †Kvb Abyl½wU e¨envi K‡i‡Qb?
E mvwKbv wewe F nwi`vmx G _yÌy‡o ey‡ov H i‚¯@g †kL E Ôcvnvocy‡ii †e․×wenviÕ F ÔcvjhyM bv‡gi wPÎKjvÕ
13. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü we‡kÐlY Kiv n‡q‡Q g”jZ nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-  G Ô†Rvo-evsjvi gw›`i-†ew`Õ H Ôe‡i›`ª f‚‡gi †mvbv gmwR`Õ
GiÑ 28. ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m †Kvb welqwU we‡kl e¨Äbvgq n‡q D‡V‡Q?
E gvbweK MyYvewj F ivR‣bwZK `k©b E †Mwijv AvµgY F eyavi †`k‡cÖg
 G mvaviY RxebcÖYvwj H •`wnK †m․›`h©  G ivRvKvi‡`i †`․ivͨ H cvKevwnbxi wbcxob
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 29 I 30bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
ÔnZ¨vi Drme †f‡e cv‡K© gv‡V Òevsjv fvlvq Kuvw`-nvwm
K¨v¤“v‡m evRv‡i mKj fvlv fv‡jvevwm|Ó
welv³ M¨v‡mi g‡Zv g„Zz¨i exfrm MÜ 29. DÏxc‡Ki †kl cO&w³i fve Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pi‡Yi fv‡ei Abyiƒc?
w`‡q‡Q Qov‡q E Ô†`kx fv‡l eywS‡Z jjv‡U cy‡i fvMÕ
Avwg †Zv Zv‡`i Rb¨ Agb mnR g„Zz¨ Kwi bv Kvgbv|Õ F ÔgvZv wcZvgn µ‡g e‡½Z emwZÕ
14. DÏxc‡Ki fvebv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb ev‡K¨ cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡q‡Q?  G ÔAviwe dviwm wn‡›` bvB `yB gZÕ H Ô†`kx fvlv Dc‡`k g‡b wnZ AwZÕ
E Ô†jv‡K RvbyK Avwg ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× kwn` n‡qwQ|Õ 30. DÏxc‡Ki g”jfv‡ei g‡a¨ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi †h welq Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jvÑ
F ÔAvav-†cvov evRviUvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Ii †PvL jvj n‡Z _v‡K|Õ  i. D`vi gvbwmKZv ii. gvZ…fvlvi e›`bv iii. evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ kÖ×v
 G Ôiv‡Zi †ejv Iiv ev¼v‡i ï‡q nvIBevwR †`L‡e|Õ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
H Ômevi DwPZ Muv‡q †_‡K jovB Kiv|Õ E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
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L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU I N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwUmn †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi
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K wefvM : M`¨
1| (i) wk¶vcÖwZôvb †_‡K GKUv wWwMÖ jvf K‡i PvKwi cÖvwßB wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ bq| gvbweK e„wËMy‡jvi D‡š§l NUv‡bvB wk¶vi g”j j¶¨ nIqv DwPZ|
(ii) me ai‡bi Áv‡bi GK‡Î mgv‡ek NwU‡q ÁvbPP©vi cÖmv‡i avivevwnK I ¯’vqx f‚wgKv cvj‡bi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwii m„wó| GwU e¨envi K‡i
wewfbœ e¨w³ Zuvi cÖ‡qvRb I AvMÖn Abyhvqx ÁvbPP©v Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
K. cÖ_g †P․ayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg Kx? 1
L. Òmywkw¶Z †jvKgvÎB ¯^wkw¶Z|Ó ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q, Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii)-G ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki g‡bvfv‡ei m¤“”Y© cÖKvk N‡U‡Q wK? †Zvgvi g‡Zi mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
2| RxweKvi ZvwM‡` wZby Avi Aviv‡di gv †mB †fvi‡ejvq †ewi‡q hvq| K‡qK evmvq KvR K‡i Z‡eB evwo †d‡i| wZb‡ejv Lvevi †RvMvo Ki‡ZB
wngwkg †L‡Z nq Zv‡K|
Gw`‡K †evb‡K wb‡q Avivd mvivw`b gv‡V-Nv‡U, e‡b-ev`v‡o Ny‡i †eovq| bvIqv-LvIqvi †Kv‡bv Lei †bB| KL‡bv b`xi av‡i Kvke‡b nvwi‡q
hvIqv| KL‡bv ev †Lvjv gv‡V Nywo Dov‡bv Zv‡`i KvR| evwo wd‡iI gwjb weQvbvq ï‡q fvB-†ev‡bi mvivw`b Ny‡i †eov‡bvi MíB P‡j mviv¶Y|
K. `yM©v wbixn gy‡L evwoi g‡a¨ XzKj †Kb? 1
L. Ò†Zvgvi †Zv Avevi Mí K‡i †eov‡bv ¯^fve|ÓÑ G K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki 1g As‡ki mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki 2q As‡k cÖwZdwjZ w`KwUB ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi DcRxe¨ welq|Ñ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3| miKvwi Awd‡m R‣bK Kg©KZ©v Aí K‡qKw`b n‡jv PvKzwi‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb| wKQzw`b †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB wZwb Nyl †K‡j¼vwi‡Z Rwo‡q c‡ob
Ges †`vlx cÖgvwYZ nb| D‡jÐL _v‡K †h, Òwk¶vRxe‡b wZwb †h Ab¨vq I `ybx© wZwe‡ivax kc_ wb‡qwQ‡jb Zv AvR †egvjyg fz‡j †M‡jb|Ó
K. wk¶vi Ab¨Zg KvR Kx? 1
L. †jLK Ôwb‡Pi †_‡K †VjvÕ ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©vi Pwi‡Î Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©vi Pwi‡Î wk¶vi AcÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwU Abycw¯’Z|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4| gwiq‡gi ¯^vgx †eKvi| Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi wPwKrmv I msmv‡ii LiP Pvjv‡Z AvgRv` mv‡n‡ei evmvq KvR †bq gwiqg| Kv‡Ri duv‡K duv‡K †m
AvgRv` mv‡n‡ei †Qv‡Uv †g‡q mxgv‡K covq I MíMyRe K‡i| Ggwbfv‡e Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Mfxi mL¨Zv M‡o DV‡jI wg‡mm AvgRv` gwiqg‡K
wZi¯‥vi Ki‡Zb Ges †g‡qi mv‡_ wgk‡Z w`‡Zb bv| wg‡mm AvgRv` KL‡bv gwiq‡gi Mv‡q nvZ Zzj‡jI †m bxi‡e mn¨ K‡i hvq|
K. ggZvw`i DVvb Kx w`‡q `yfvM Kiv wQj? 1
L. ggZvw` c`©v †V‡j evB‡i G‡m‡Q †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm AvgRv‡`i m‡½ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKΩxi •emv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ae¯’vbMZ mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki gwiqg I ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i †PZbvMZ •emv`„k¨I we`¨gvb|Ñ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| (i) †Zvgiv †hLv‡b mva P‡j hvIÑ Avwg GB evsjvi
cv‡i i‡q hve; †`wLe KuvVvjcvZv Swi‡Z‡Q †fv‡ii evZv‡m,
(ii) P‡j hvq Kzqvkvq,Ñ Zey Rvwb †Kv‡bvw`b c„w_exi
wf‡o nvive bv Zv‡i AvwgÑ †m †h Av‡Q Avgvi
G evsjvi Zx‡i|
K. gvB‡Kj gaym”`b `‡Ëi Agi KxwZ© Kx? 1
L. ÒwKš‘ G †ø‡ni Z…òv wg‡U Kvi R‡jÓ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q? Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii)-G dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi m¤“”Y© fv‡ei cÖwZdjb bq|Ñ hyw³mn we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6| ¯^‛Qj cwiev‡ii GKgvÎ mš@vb ivû‡ji Rš§ kn‡i| †Qv‡Uv‡ejv †_‡K evev-gv Zvi †Kv‡bv Ave`viB Ac”Y© iv‡Lwb| covi duv‡K A‡bK mgq
`yóvwg K‡i cÖvqB GUv †mUv †f‡O †d‡j| GKw`b ¯‥zj QzwUi ci e„wó‡Z wf‡R ivûj evmvq wdi‡j Kuvcywb w`‡q R¦i Av‡m| gv †Q‡ji cQ‡›`i
Lvevi •Zwi K‡i LvIqv‡bv †Póv K‡ib Ges Wv³v‡ii civg‡k© Jla LvIqvb| mvivivZ †R‡M mš@v‡bi my¯’Zvi Rb¨ mªóvi Kv‡Q †`vqv K‡ib|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  147

K. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq gv‡qi civb †`v‡j †Kb? 1

L. gv‡qi R¦vjv wØMyY evovi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ivû‡ji m‡½ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †Q‡ji •emv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ò†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxcK I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jfve GKB m”‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7| Bs‡iR kvmbvg‡j wbcxob-wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv m‡n¨i mxgv AwZµg Ki‡j GKmgq wZZzgxi Zv‡`i wei‚‡× evsjvi mvaviY gvbyl‡K HK¨e× Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| Zv‡`i gv‡S †`k‡cÖg RvwM‡q †Zv‡jb wZwb| ZvB mvaviY gvbyl‡`i mv‡_ wb‡q euv‡ki †KjÐvq e‡m Bs‡iR kvmK‡`i wei‚‡× we‡`ªvn
†NvlYv K‡ib|
K. Kx‡mi Rb¨ gvby‡li e¨vKzj cÖZx¶v? 1
L. Ò†X‡K †`qv GB XvKvi ü`q gvVLvwb|Ó ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒwZZzgx‡ii ¯^vaxbZv fvebvB †hb Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi g”jmyi|ÓÑ hyw³mn gZvgZ `vI| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| (i) Ninxb Iiv Nyg †bB †Pv‡L,
hy‡× wQbœ Nievwo †`k,
gv_vi wfZ‡i †evgvi‚ wegvb
GB Kv‡jv ivZ K‡e n‡e †kl|
(ii) Avgiv Acgvb mBe bv
fxi‚i g‡Zv N‡ii †Kv‡Y iBe bv
Avgiv AvKvk †_‡K eRª n‡q Si‡Z Rvwb,
†Zvgvi fq †bB gv
Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb|
K. †bvjK eyqv eyav‡K Kx bv‡g Wv‡K? 1
L. Òwb‡Ri †evSv wb‡R eBe|ÓÑ Dw³wU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii)-Gi e³‡e¨ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi •ewkó¨‡K aviY K‡i Av‡Q|Ñ gš@e¨wUi mv‡_ Zzwg wK GKgZ? hyw³mn we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9| gyw³hy‡×i mgq G‡`‡ki wKQz †jvK cvK‡mbv‡`i mv‡_ wg‡j PzKbMi MÖv‡gi mg¯@ evwoNi R¦vwj‡q cywo‡q †`q| ev‡iK wgqv Zv‡`iB GKRb
whwb kvwš@i K_v e‡j MÖv‡g kvwš@ KwgwU MVb K‡ib| Iw`‡K MÖv‡gi bvix-cyi‚l mevB cÖv‡Yi f‡q MÖvg Qvo‡Z ïi‚ Ki‡j Amxg mvnmx hyeK
Avwbm Zvi eÜy‡`i wb‡q MÖvg‡K k΂gy³ Kivi `„p kc_ MÖnY K‡ib|
K. Dcb¨vm †Kvb Kv‡ji m„wó? 1
L. ÒAvgiv jovB bv Ki‡j MÖvgUv GKw`b f‚‡Zi evwo n‡e|ÓÑ eyavi G K_v ejvi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ev‡iK wgqvi Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Avwb‡mi g‡bvfve ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi g”j DcRxe¨ welq|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi †h․w³K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| Zzwo †g‡i Dwo‡q `vI mgv‡Ri å‚KzwU,
wb‡Ri g‡Zv M‡o bvI wb‡Ri ixwZbxwZ,
gvbyl n‡q euv‡Pv Gevi, Rxeb fv‡jvev‡mv,
cÖwZev`B cwieZ©b; gy³cÖv‡Y nv‡mv|
K. •mq` IqvjxDjÐvni cÖ_g MíMÖ‡š’i bvg Kx? 1
L. ÒAvwg cqmvI PvB bv, QvcvLvbvI PvB bv|ÓÑ G K_vwU eywS‡q e‡jv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Yi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb w`KwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki e³‡e¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki AvswkK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|Ñ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
11| K‡jR co~qv wk¶v_©x wkwib| Zvi evev-gv GKB gnjÐvi abvX¨ iwng wgqvi cÖevmx †Q‡ji m‡½ we‡q wVK K‡ib| wkwib †eu‡K e‡m, †m wKQz‡ZB
GLb we‡q Ki‡e bv| Av‡M cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i †m wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Zvi evev-gv we‡qi Rb¨ Ggb cv·K nvZQvov Ki‡Z Pvb
bv, wkwi‡bi Ag‡Z †Rvi K‡iB we‡q w`‡Z Pvb| ZvB wkwib wbi‚cvq n‡q 999-G Kj K‡i cÖkvm‡bi mn‡hvwMZvq wb‡Ri we‡q eÜ Ki‡Z m¶g
nq|
K. †b․Kvi m‡½ Kx‡mi av°v †j‡MwQj? 1
L. ewncxi cywjk WvK‡Z Pvq bv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wkwib Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wkwi‡bi c`‡¶cB †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi g”j †PZbv|ÓÑ Dw³wUi †h․w³K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  148

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 (i) wk¶vcÖwZôvb †_‡K GKUv wWwMÖ jvf K‡i PvKwi cÖvwßB wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ bq| gvbweK e„wËMy‡jvi D‡š§l NUv‡bvB wk¶vi
g”j j¶¨ nIqv DwPZ|
(ii) me ai‡bi Áv‡bi GK‡Î mgv‡ek NwU‡q ÁvbPP©vi cÖmv‡i avivevwnK I ¯’vqx f‚wgKv cvj‡bi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwii m„wó|
GwU e¨envi K‡i wewfbœ e¨w³ Zuvi cÖ‡qvRb I AvMÖn Abyhvqx ÁvbPP©v Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
K. cÖ_g †P․ayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg Kx? 1
L. Òmywkw¶Z †jvKgvÎB ¯^wkw¶Z|Ó ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q, Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii)-G ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki g‡bvfv‡ei m¤“”Y© cÖKvk N‡U‡Q wK? †Zvgvi g‡Zi mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h cÖg_ †P․ayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙbvg exiej|
i cÖg_ †P․ayix g‡b K‡ib, wk¶v †KD KvD‡K w`‡Z cv‡i bvÑ G wek¦vm †_‡KB wZwb e‡j‡Qb, mywkw¶Z †jvKgvÎB ¯^wkw¶Z|
†jL‡Ki g‡Z, we`¨v Avi wk¶v GK K_v bq| c„w_ex‡Z e¯‘MZ I fveMZ mKj welqB Av`vb-cÖ`vb nq| wKš‘ wk¶v Ggb GK wRwbm
hvi wewbgq nq bv| GKRb wk¶K e‡ov‡Rvi wk‡l¨i AvÍv‡K D`&‡ewaZ K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ib; wKš‘ wkw¶Z K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡ib bv| GUv
wbR¯^ PP©v I Af¨v‡mi gva¨‡g AvqË K‡i wb‡Z nq| h_v_© wk¶v jvf Ki‡Z n‡e wb‡R‡KB| GK_v eySv‡ZB †jLK Av‡jvP¨ gš@e¨wU
K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : cÖg_ †P․ayix g‡b K‡ib, wk¶v †KD KvD‡K w`‡Z cv‡i bvÑ G wek¦vm †_‡KB wZwb e‡j‡Qb, mywkw¶Z †jvKgvÎB ¯^wkw¶Z|

j DÏxcK (i)-G ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi wk¶vi g”j D‡Ïk¨ †h ÁvbvR©b Kiv Ges †mR‡b¨B eB cov cÖ‡qvRb G w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z, g‡bi cÖmviZv e„w×i Rb¨ Avgv‡`i covi Af¨vm evov‡Z n‡e| wk¶v cÖwZôvb †_‡K jä Ávb c”Y©v½ bq e‡j
e¨vcKfv‡e eB cov `iKvi| KviY mywkw¶Z †jvK gvÎB ¯^wkw¶Z| fv‡jv gv‡bi eB c‡oB gvbweK e„wËMy‡jvi D‡š§l NUv‡Z n‡e| wKš‘
wZwb Avevi e‡j‡Qb, eB cov kLUv gvby‡li me©‡kÖô kL n‡jI Avgv‡`i evOvwji †¶‡Î Lye †ewk cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| †Kbbv Avgv‡`i GB
†ivM-†kvK, `ytL-`vwi‡`ª¨i †`‡k Rxeb-aviY KivB †hLv‡b KwVb, †mLv‡b eB c‡o my›`i Rxe‡bi Avkv Kiv wbi_©K|
DÏxcK (i)-G †`Lv hvq, GKRb wk¶v_©x ¯‥zj-K‡j‡R †jLvcov K‡i| GB wk¶v Zvi g‡bi †PZbv Ly‡j w`‡Z †hb `vqe×| Zey
D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z wk¶vq hviv †Kej cvk Kivi Rb¨ c‡o Zviv gvbwmKfv‡e †e‡o DV‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kej cvk Kiv we`¨vq AvÍvi Acg„Zz¨
N‡U Ges GB gvbyl Zvi gbyl¨Z¡‡eva nvwi‡q †d‡j| Zvi g‡a¨ gvbweKZvi weKvk N‡U bv| Zvi †fZ‡i RvMÖZ nq A_©‡gvn| wKš‘ wk¶v
cÖwZôvb †_‡K wWwMÖ jvf K‡i PvKwi cÖvwßB wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨ bq; gvbweK e„wËMy‡jvi D‡š§l NUv‡bvB wk¶vi g”j j¶¨ nIqv DwPZ H
wk¶v_x©i| ÔeB covÕ cÖeÜ Ges (i)-bs DÏxc‡K ZviB Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi wk¶vi g”j D‡Ïk¨ †h ÁvbvR©b Kiv Ges †mR‡b¨B eB cov cÖ‡qvRb G w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|

k DÏxcK (ii)-G ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki g‡bvfv‡ei m¤“”Y© cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
GKRb Av`k© Myi‚ Zvi wkl¨‡K we`¨v AR©‡bi c_ †`wL‡q †`b| wk‡l¨i Nygš@ AvÍv‡K RvwM‡q †Zv‡jb| Zvi Aš@wb©wnZ mKj cÖ‛Qbœ
kw³‡K e¨³ K‡i †Zv‡jb| †mB kw³i e‡j wkl¨ wb‡Ri gb wb‡R M‡o Zzj‡Z m¶g nq|
DÏxcK (ii)-G ÁvbPP©vi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwii f‚wgKv I Myi‚Z¡‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv jvB‡eªwi n‡‛Q bvbv wel‡qi Áv‡bi fvÊvi| GLv‡b
Áv‡bi Avavi AmsL¨ eB msiw¶Z _v‡K| ÁvbPP©vi cÖmv‡i avivevwnK I ¯’vqx f‚wgKv cvj‡bi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwii m„wó| cvVK GLvb †_‡K
B‛Qvg‡Zv eB c‡o ÁvbvR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU e¨envi K‡i Ávbv‡š^lx e¨w³ Zvi cÖ‡qvRb I AvMÖn Abyhvqx ÁvbPP©v Ki‡Z cv‡i| eB cov
Qvov †hgb mvwnZ¨PP©v m¤¢e bq †Zgwb eB c‡o ÁvbvR©‡bi Rb¨ jvB‡eªwii weKí †bB|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  149

ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki g‡bvfveB DÏxcK (ii)-G cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| †jL‡Ki g‡Z, jvB‡eªwii mv_©KZv nvmcvZv‡ji †P‡q wKQz Kg
bq| GKwU jvB‡eªwi gbgvbwmKZvi DbœwZ I g‡bvRM‡Zi cwieZ©‡bi †kÖô †¶Î| jvB‡eªwi eB covi Ges gvbweK weKv‡ki
g”j¨evb Drm| gb‡K m‡ZR, my¯’ I mej ivLvi Rb¨| AvÍvi Zzwói Rb¨ eB cov `iKvi| fv‡jv gv‡bi eB gvbyl‡K D`vi n‡Z wk¶v
†`q, GB eB covi Rb¨ Zv‡K jvB‡eªwi‡Z †h‡Z n‡e| DÏxcK (ii)-G †m e¨vcv‡iB Myi‚Z¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs eB c‡o ÁvbvR©b Kiv,
jvB‡eªwi e¨envi Kiv, jvB‡eªwi‡K g‡bi nvmcvZvj ejv BZ¨vw` hyw³‡Z Avwg g‡b Kwi DÏxcK (ii)-G Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki m¤“”Y©
g‡bvfve cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (ii)-G ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki g‡bvfv‡ei m¤“”Y© cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
cÖkœ  02 RxweKvi ZvwM‡` wZby Avi Aviv‡di gv †mB †fvi‡ejvq †ewi‡q hvq| K‡qK evmvq KvR K‡i Z‡eB evwo †d‡i| wZb‡ejv
Lvevi †RvMvo Ki‡ZB wngwkg †L‡Z nq Zv‡K|
Gw`‡K †evb‡K wb‡q Avivd mvivw`b gv‡V-Nv‡U, e‡b-ev`v‡o Ny‡i †eovq| bvIqv-LvIqvi †Kv‡bv Lei †bB| KL‡bv b`xi av‡i Kvke‡b
nvwi‡q hvIqv| KL‡bv ev †Lvjv gv‡V Nywo Dov‡bv Zv‡`i KvR| evwo wd‡iI gwjb weQvbvq ï‡q fvB-†ev‡bi mvivw`b Ny‡i †eov‡bvi MíB
P‡j mviv¶Y|
K. `yM©v wbixn gy‡L evwoi g‡a¨ XzKj †Kb? 1
L. Ò†Zvgvi †Zv Avevi Mí K‡i †eov‡bv ¯^fve|ÓÑ G K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki 1g As‡ki mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki 2q As‡k cÖwZdwjZ w`KwUB ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi DcRxe¨ welq|Ñ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h gv eKzwb w`‡e, †Kv_vq hvIqv n‡qwQj wR‡Ám Ki‡eÑGme †f‡eB `yM©v wbixngy‡L wKQz bv e‡j Pzwc Pzwc evwoi g‡a¨ XzKj|
i ¯¿x me©Rqvi †h Mí K‡i †eov‡bvi ¯^fve Av‡Q, †mwU †evSv‡ZB Av‡jvP¨ K_vwU `wi`ª evgyb nwini e‡j‡Q|
me©Rqvi Mí Kivi Af¨vm Av‡Q| GKw`b nwini Zv‡K mZK© K‡i †`q †h, †m †hb bZzb K‡i nwin‡ii Kv‡Q gš¿ wb‡Z B‛QzK `kNivi
gvZei‡`i K_v bv e‡j| KviY `kNivi gš¿cvV wb‡Z B‛QyK evwoi †jvK m`‡Mvc Rv‡Zi| m`‡Mvciv wbæRv‡Zi e‡j mgv‡R Zv‡`i‡K
Lye GKUv m¤§v‡bi †Pv‡L †`Lv nq bv| GQvov Mí e‡j `yPviUv cqmv Avq Kiv hvq| ZvB me©Rqv my‡hvM †c‡j Mí K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ¯¿x me©Rqvi †h Mí K‡i †eov‡bvi ¯^fve Av‡Q, †mwU †evSv‡ZB Av‡jvP¨ K_vwU `wi`ª evgyb nwini e‡j‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki 1g As‡ki mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucÕy M‡íi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv nwini-me©Rqvi Afve-AbUb|
ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í ewY©Z nwini `wi`ª evgyb| evgyb n‡jI Zvi cwievi Avw_©K AbU‡bi g‡a¨ evm K‡i| †`bvi †evSv Uvb‡Z wM‡q
nwin‡ii cwievi fxlY Avw_©K K‡ói g‡a¨ Av‡Q| ivq evwoi c”RvP©bv cwiPvjbv K‡i nwini| †mB evwo †_‡K cÖYvwg wn‡m‡e cvIqv AvU
UvKvi Ici Zviv A‡bKUv wbf©ikxj| †mB UvKvI `yB-wZb gvm cici cvIqv hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki 1g As‡k †`Lv hvq, wZby I Aviv‡di gv Avw_©K AbU‡b w`b KvUvq| Zviv RxweKvi mÜv‡b †fvi‡ejvq †ewi‡q hvq| Zviv
DfqB A‡b¨i evmvq KvR K‡i| K‡qK evmvq KvR K‡i Z‡eB evwo wd‡i Av‡m| Gfv‡e K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i Zv‡`i Pj‡Z nq| Zey †hb
Zv‡`i msmvi P‡j bv| wZb †ejv Lvevi †hvMvo Ki‡ZB wngwkg †L‡Z nq| Ggb Ki‚Y, •`b¨`kv me©Rqv I nwin‡ii msmv‡iI we`¨gvb|
M‡íi Gw`KwUi mv‡_B DÏxc‡Ki 1g As‡ki mv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki 1g As‡ki mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv nwini-me©Rqvi Afve-AbUb|
k ev¯@weKB DÏxc‡Ki 2q As‡k cÖwZdwjZ w`KwUB ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi DcRxe¨ welq|
•kkeKv‡ji ¯^fveB PÂjZvi| G mgq gb hv Pvq ZvB Ki‡Z B‛Qv K‡i| ZLb gb †Kv‡bvB kvmb-eviY gv‡b bv| G mgq †KejB
e‡b-ev`v‡o Nyi‡Z B‛Qv K‡i| cÖK…wZi gv‡SB †hb Luy‡R cvq Abvwej Avb›` Avi myL|
ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi welqe¯‘‡Z dz‡U D‡V‡Q `yB fvB-†evb Acy-`yM©vi •kk‡ei PÂjZv| †mB mv‡_ †`Lv hvq, cÖK…wZi gv‡S Zv‡`i
Avb‡›`i D‛Q¡vm Ges `yM©vi evev-gv‡qi cwiev‡ii A_©-Kó †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi †Póv| `yM©v mvivw`b MÖv‡gi Gw`K-Iw`K Ny‡i †eovq|
gvby‡li Mv‡Qi dj †c‡o Lvq| wewPÎ †Ljvayjv Avi `yiš@cbvi g‡a¨ †Qv‡Uv fvB Acy‡K wb‡q †m •kk‡ei Avb‡›` AeMvnb K‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki 2q As‡k Ggb w`KB cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki 2q As‡k †`Lv hvq, †evb‡K wb‡q Avivd mvivw`b gv‡V-Nv‡U, e‡b-ev`v‡o Ny‡i †eovq| wVK †hb M‡íi `yM©v| `yM©vi
¯^fve-PwiÎI Aviv‡di g‡Zv PÂj| Avivd hLb Ny‡i †eovq ZLb Zvi bvIqv-LvIqvi †Kv‡bv Lei _v‡K bv| KL‡bv †m b`xi av‡i
Kvke‡b nvwi‡q hvq| KL‡bv g‡bi Avb‡›` †Lvjv gv‡V Nywo Dovq| Zviv Acy-`yM©v‡`i g‡ZvB `wi`ª| ZvB evwo wd‡iI gwjb weQvbvq
ï‡q c‡o| Zey Avb‡›`i KgwZ †bB Zv‡`i| mvivw`b Ny‡i †eov‡bvi Mí P‡j mviv¶Y| Ggb `yiš@cbv `yM©vi gv‡SI we`¨gvb| ZvB
h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki 2q As‡k Afvex A_P `yiš@cbvi †h wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv Av‡jvP¨ M‡íiI DcRxe¨ welq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ev¯@weKB DÏxc‡Ki 2q As‡k cÖwZdwjZ w`KwUB ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi DcRxe¨ welq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  150

cÖkœ  03 miKvwi Awd‡m R‣bK Kg©KZ©v Aí K‡qKw`b n‡jv PvKzwi‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i‡Qb| wKQzw`b †h‡Z bv †h‡ZB wZwb Nyl
†K‡j¼vwi‡Z Rwo‡q c‡ob Ges †`vlx cÖgvwYZ nb| D‡jÐL _v‡K †h, Òwk¶vRxe‡b wZwb †h Ab¨vq I `ybx© wZwe‡ivax kc_ wb‡qwQ‡jb Zv
AvR †egvjyg fz‡j †M‡jb|Ó
K. wk¶vi Ab¨Zg KvR Kx? 1
L. †jLK Ôwb‡Pi †_‡K †VjvÕ ej‡Z Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©vi Pwi‡Î Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©vi Pwi‡Î wk¶vi AcÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwU Abycw¯’Z|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K
we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h wk¶vi Ab¨Zg KvR n‡jv ¶zrwccvmvi e¨vcviwU gvbweK K‡i †Zvjv|
i gvbe Dbœq‡b Ôwb‡Pi †_‡K †VjvÕ ej‡Z cÖvewÜK myk„¸Lj mgvRe¨e¯’v‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|
cÖvewÜK g‡b K‡ib, fvix †Kv‡bv wRwbm‡K Ic‡i IVv‡Z †hgb Ici †_‡K Uvbvi cvkvcvwk wbP †_‡KI †Vj‡Z nq, †Zgwb gvbeRxe‡bi
Dbœq‡bi Rb¨I `ywU Dcvq Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| Gi GKwU n‡jv wk¶v, †hwU‡K cÖvewÜK Ici †_‡K Uvbvi m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb; AciwU n‡jv
myk„¸Lj mgvRe¨e¯’vi| GUv‡K †jLK wb‡P †_‡K †Vjv A_©vr gvbe Dbœq‡bi AbyK‚j cwi‡ek wn‡m‡e myk„¸Lj mgvRe¨e¯’v‡K wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : myk¸„ Lj mgvRe¨e¯’vi w`KwU †evSv‡Z cÖvewÜK Ôwb‡Pi †_‡K †VjvÕ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©vi Pwi‡Î Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi wk¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †jLK e‡j‡Qb, wk¶vi `ywU w`K i‡q‡Q| GKwU cÖ‡qvR‡bi Ab¨wU AcÖ‡qvR‡bi| Df‡qi Zyj¨-g”j¨ Av‡Q|
GKwU wfbœ Ab¨wUi cwicywó m¤¢e bq| KL‡bv KL‡bv wk¶vi AcÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwUB gvby‡li AvÍweKv‡ki c_‡K myMg K‡i| wk¶vi
cÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwU n‡jv gvby‡li ¶zrwccvmvi welqwU‡K gvbweK K‡i †Zvjv| wk¶v gvby‡li RxweKv Z_v Lv`¨e‡¯¿i ms¯’v‡bi mnvqK
wn‡m‡eI cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ wk¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`KUv gvbeRxe‡b BwZevPK dj e‡q Av‡b bv|
DÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©v wkw¶Z wKš‘ Am`&&Pwi‡Îi gvbyl| Zvi Rxe‡b wk¶v †mvbv djv‡Z cv‡iwb| wZwb gbyl¨Z¡ wemR©b w`‡q‡Qb| gvbweK I
m`vPiY fz‡j †M‡Qb| miKvwi Awd‡m K‡qK w`b PvKwi K‡iB Nyl †K‡j¼vwi‡Z †`vlx mve¨¯@ n‡q‡Qb wZwb| Zvi •RweK Pvwn`v cÖej|
wZwb †jvfvZzi GKRb Kg©KZ©v| wZwb kc_ K‡iwQ‡jb, mr c‡_ Pj‡eb, Ab¨vq Ki‡eb bv, `yb©xwZ Ki‡eb bv| wKš‘ wZwb Zv fz‡j
†M‡Qb| GUvB Zvi wk¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`K| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©vi Pwi‡Î Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi cÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwU h_v_©fv‡eB
dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©vi Pwi‡Î Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi wk¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡bi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©vi Pwi‡Î wk¶vi AcÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwU Abycw¯’Z|ÓÑ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
wewkó cÖvewÜK †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb †P․ayix wk¶vi gva¨‡g gvby‡li Afve c”i‡Yi K_v e‡j‡Qb| G‡¶‡Î gvbyl‡K wZwb `ywU Dcvq MÖnY
Kivi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| cÖ_gZ, gvby‡li RxebmËv‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ Abœe‡¯¿i e¨e¯’v Kiv| wØZxqZ, gbyl¨‡Z¡i jvjb K‡i
Aš@ivÍvi mg„w× mvab Kiv|
DÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©v wkw¶Z n‡qI gbyl¨Z¡ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| wZwb wk¶v Rxe‡b †h kc_ wb‡qwQ‡jb Zv wZwb i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb|
Zvi Rxe‡b wk¶v MÖnY mydj nqwb| wZwb †jvfx I `ybx©wZcivqY| wZwb •RweK Z_v Abœe‡¯¿i Pvwn`v‡K g”j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb| wk¶v MÖn‡Yi
d‡j Zvi •bwZK Pwi‡Îi Dbœqb nqwb| Zvi eyw×e„wËi weKvk N‡Uwb| G Kvi‡Y Zvi gv‡S wk¶vi AcÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwU cwijw¶Z nqwb|
Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †jLK e‡j‡Qb, gvbe-Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î •RweK Pvwn`v GKUv e‡ov evav| GB †kÖwYi gvbyl †ewk †jvfx nq|
wk¶vi gva¨‡g Zviv gbyl¨Z¡ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AvwÍK g„Zz¨i mv‡_ mv‡_ G ai‡bi †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q •bwZKZv I g”j¨‡eva A_©nxb n‡q
hvq| Dcjwäi RM‡Z Zviv †hb †`Dwjqv| kZ cÖvw߇ZI Giv cÖkvwš@i †Quvqv Lyu‡R cvq bv| Rxeb Zv‡`i Zß gi‚i g‡Zv nvnvKvi
aŸwb‡Z f‡i hvq| DÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©v †Zgwb GKwU PwiÎ| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©vi Pwi‡Î wk¶vi AcÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwU Abycw¯’Z|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K DÏxc‡Ki Kg©KZ©vi Pwi‡Î wk¶vi AcÖ‡qvRbxq w`KwU Abycw¯’Z|
cÖkœ  04 gwiq‡gi ¯^vgx †eKvi| Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi wPwKrmv I msmv‡ii LiP Pvjv‡Z AvgRv` mv‡n‡ei evmvq KvR †bq gwiqg|
Kv‡Ri duv‡K duv‡K †m AvgRv` mv‡n‡ei †Qv‡Uv †g‡q mxgv‡K covq I MíMyRe K‡i| Ggwbfv‡e Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Mfxi mL¨Zv M‡o DV‡jI
wg‡mm AvgRv` gwiqg‡K wZi¯‥vi Ki‡Zb Ges †g‡qi mv‡_ wgk‡Z w`‡Zb bv| wg‡mm AvgRv` KL‡bv gwiq‡gi Mv‡q nvZ Zzj‡jI †m
bxi‡e mn¨ K‡i hvq|
K. ggZvw`i DVvb Kx w`‡q `yfvM Kiv wQj? 1
L. ggZvw` c`©v †V‡j evB‡i G‡m‡Q †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm AvgRv‡`i m‡½ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKΩxi •emv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ae¯’vbMZ mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki gwiqg I ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i †PZbvMZ •emv`„k¨I we`¨gvb|Ñ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  151

4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

h ggZvw`i DVvb gvSvgvwS Kv‡Vi cÖvPxi w`‡q `yfvM Kiv wQj|
i ggZvw` c`©v †V‡j evB‡i G‡m‡Q msmvi Pvjv‡bvi A_© DcvR©‡bi Rb¨|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` Kv‡Ri mÜv‡b Ni †_‡K evB‡i †ei n‡q Av‡m| ¯^vgxi PvKwi bv _vKvq †m DcvR©‡bi c‡_ cv evovq| ggZvw`
Rxebg‡qi Mwji †fZ‡i mvZvk b¤^i evwoi GKZjvq Zvi ¯^vgx I †Q‡j‡K wb‡q emevm K‡i| MZ Pvi gvm a‡i ¯^vgxi PvKwi bv _vKvq
msmvi Pvjv‡bv Zvi A‡bK Kó nq| ZvB msmvi Pvjv‡bvi A_© DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ ggZvw` M„‡ni c`©v †V‡j evB‡i G‡m‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ¯^vgxi PvKwi bv _vKvq ggZvw`i msmvi Avi P‡j bv| ZvB A_© DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ †m c`©v †V‡j evB‡i G‡m‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm AvgRv‡`i m‡½ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i gvbweK AvPiYMZ •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ ggZvw`i mv‡_ †m․nv`©c”Y© †h m¤“‡K©i K_v e¨³ n‡q‡Q DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm AvgRv` Gi Pwi‡Î wVK Zvi
D‡ëv iƒc cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| †Kbbv M„nKv‡R mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK cwiev‡iB M„nKgx© ivLv nq| †mB M„nKgx©i mv‡_ gvbweK AvPiY
Kiv DwPZ| KLbB Zv‡`i mv‡_ Lvivc e¨envi ev Zv‡`i‡K Zz‛Q-Zvw‛Qj¨ Kiv mgxPxb bq|
DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm AvgRv` GKwU †bwZevPK PwiÎ| Zvi e¨envi i‚¶ I wbg©g| wZwb evmvi Kv‡Ri †g‡q gwiq‡gi mv‡_ `ye©¨envi K‡ib|
Kv‡Ri †g‡q e‡j wZi¯‥vi K‡ib| KL‡bv KL‡bv gwiq‡gi Mv‡q nvZ Zzj‡ZI wØav K‡ib bv| Zvi Ggb AvPiY †hgb wb›`bxq †Zgwb
AbywPZ| gwiq‡gi †`vl †g‡q mxgvi mv‡_ Mí K‡i Avi covq| Gfv‡e Df‡qi g‡a¨ Mfxi mL¨ M‡o I‡V| GwU wg‡mm AvgRv` cQ›`
Ki‡Zb bv| c¶vš@‡i ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKΩx ggZvw`‡K cQ›` Ki‡Zb Zvi Kv‡Ri cÖksmv Ki‡Zb Ges Zvi mv‡_ gvbweK AvPiY
Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ Ggb m`vPvi DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm AvgRv‡`i gv‡S j¶ Kiv hvqwb| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm AvgRv‡`i
mv‡_ Av‡jvP¨ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wg‡mm AvgRv‡`i mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i gvbweK AvPiYMZ •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k Ae¯’vbMZ mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki gwiqg I ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i †PZbvMZ •emv`„k¨I we`¨gvb|
M„nKv‡R mnvqZvi Rb¨ A‡bK cwiev‡iB M„nKg©x ivLv nq| M„nKgx© n‡jI ZvivI gvbyl| Zv‡`i mv‡_ AgvbweK AvPiY Kiv wVK bq|
GKwU cwiev‡i Zv‡`i mv‡_ †m․nv`©c”Y© m¤“K© ¯’vc‡bi Myi‚Z¡ AZ¨waK|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li cÖwZ gvbweK AvPiY Kivi w`KwUB cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| ggZvw` Mí K_‡Ki fvlvq M„nKg©xi
Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ n‡jI G cwiev‡ii mK‡j Zvi mv‡_ fv‡jv AvPiY K‡i| ¯‥zjco~qv †Q‡jwU‡K †m †Qv‡Uv fvB‡qi gh©v`v †`q| Avevi
†Q‡jwUi gv ggZvw`i gwbe n‡jI AZ¨š@ gvbweK|
DÏxc‡Ki gwiq‡gi ¯^vgx †eKvi| Avi mš@vbI Amy¯’| ZvB †m Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi wPwKrmv I msmv‡ii LiP Pvjv‡Z AvgRv` mv‡n‡ei evmvq
KvR †bq| Kv‡Ri duv‡K AvgRv` mv‡n‡ei †Qv‡Uv †g‡q mxgv‡K covq I MíMyRe K‡i| wKš‘ wg‡mm AvgRv` GwU mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb bv|
KL‡bv KL‡bv gwiqg‡K wZwb gvi‡avi Ki‡jI gwiqg bxi‡e Zv mn¨ KiZ| AvÍgh©v`v‡eva cÖKvk KiZ bv| wKsev Ggb †PZbv j¶Yxq bq|
wKš‘ ggZvw` AvÍgh©v`v‡evam¤“bœ GKwU †g‡q| A‡b¨i evwo‡Z KvR Ki‡jI †m wb‡R †hgb Av`i I m¤§vb cÖZ¨vkx wQj †Zgwb Ab¨‡KI
†ønfv‡jvevmv †`evi †¶‡Î Zvi g‡a¨ wØav wQj bv| ZvB h_v_© ejv hvq, gwiqg I ggZvw`i g‡a¨ †PZbvMZ •emv`„ k¨ we`¨gvb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Ae¯’vbMZ mv`„k¨ _vK‡jI DÏxc‡Ki gwiqg I ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i †PZbvMZ •emv`„k¨I we`¨gvb|
cÖkœ  05 (i) †Zvgiv †hLv‡b mva P‡j hvIÑ Avwg GB evsjvi
cv‡i i‡q hve; †`wLe KuvVvjcvZv Swi‡Z‡Q †fv‡ii evZv‡m,
(ii) P‡j hvq Kzqvkvq,Ñ Zey Rvwb †Kv‡bvw`b c„w_exi
wf‡o nvive bv Zv‡i AvwgÑ †m †h Av‡Q Avgvi
G evsjvi Zx‡i|
K. gvB‡Kj gaym”`b `‡Ëi Agi KxwZ© Kx? 1
L. ÒwKš‘ G †ø‡ni Z…òv wg‡U Kvi R‡jÓ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q? Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii)-G dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi m¤“”Y© fv‡ei cÖwZdjb bq|Ñ hyw³mn we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h gvB‡Kj gaym”`b `‡Ëi AgiKxwZ© n‡jv †gNbv`-ea Kve¨|
i DׄZ cO&w³i gva¨‡g Kwe K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i cÖwZ Zuvi gvZ…cÖwZg †mœnvwfjvl I †`k‡cÖg‡K †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
Kwe `xN©mgq †`k †Q‡o cÖevmx n‡q‡Qb| †mLv‡b wewfbœ ¯’vb cwiåg‡Y wZwb A‡bK b`b`xi mv¶vr †c‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ †mMy‡jv Kwei
Aš@‡ii Z…òv wgUv‡Z cv‡iwb| KviY GKgvÎ K‡cvZv¶‡K wZwb gvZ…iƒ‡c e›`bv K‡ib; hv Zuvi †`k‡cÖ‡giI ¯§viK| G Kvi‡Y G b‡`i
†mœniƒc evwiavivB †Kej Zuvi Z…òv wbeviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  152

Dˇii g”jK_v : DׄZ cO&w³i gva¨‡g Kwe K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i cÖwZ Zuvi gvZ…cÖwZg †mœnvwfjvl I †`k‡cÖg‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|
j DÏxcK (i)-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwUi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq †`Lv hvq, Kwe cÖevm Rxe‡bI ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡g KvZi| Kwe cÖ_g Rxe‡b Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZ Abyi³ n‡q gvZ„f‚wg
†Q‡o cÖev‡m P‡j hvb| wKš@y d«v‡Ýi fvm©vB bMix‡Z wM‡q wZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ib gvZ…f‚wg I gvZ…fvlvi cÖK…Z Myi‚Z¡| Avevi G KweZvq Kwei
•kk‡ei b` K‡cvZv¶‡K †K›`ª K‡i fv‡jvevmvi Zxeª Abyf‚wZi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q| Rš§f‚wgi GB b` Kwe‡K †hb gv‡qi †ønv`‡i †eu‡a
†i‡L‡Q| wKQz‡Z wZwb Zv‡K fzj‡Z cv‡ib bv|
DÏxcK (i)-G wb‡Ri Rš§f‚wg evsjv‡`k‡K fv‡jvevmvi AvKzwZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki K_K‡K GKRb LuvwU †`k‡cÖwgK ej‡j AZz¨w³
n‡e bv| †Kbbv mevB †hLv‡b Lywk P‡j hvK| wZwb †Kv_vI hv‡eb bv| wZwb bvwoi Uv‡b ¯^‡`‡kB _vK‡eb| ¯^‡`‡ki Av‡jv evZvm, e„¶ -
jZvB Zvi Kv‡Q wcÖq| GMy‡jvi mv‡_ Zvi gvqvi eÜb •Zwi n‡q‡Q| hv KL‡bvB wQbœ Kiv hv‡e bv| wZwb ¯^‡`k‡K †`L‡eb gvqvex
†Pv‡L| †hLv‡b †fv‡ii evZv‡m KuvVvjcvZv S‡i c‡o| Ggb ¯^‡`k‡cÖg‡PZbv ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwei g‡a¨I j¶Yxq| G b‡`i
gva¨‡g Kwei Mfxi †`k‡cÖ‡gi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q| hvi cÖwZdjb (i)-bs DÏxc‡KI we`¨gvb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (i)-G ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwUi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
k DÏxcK (ii)-G dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi m¤“”Y©fv‡ei cÖwZdjb bqÑ gš@e¨wU †h․w³K|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvwU‡Z Kwei •kke ¯§„wZi bvbv NUbv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Kwe cÖev‡m e‡m †mB ¯§„wZi Avcjbv Gu‡K P‡j‡Qb| †hLv‡b
eZ©gv‡b ¯’vb cv‡‛Q ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi †PZbv I Myi‚Z¡| cÖev‡m wM‡q wZwb eyS‡Z cv‡ib gvZ…f‚wg KZUv Myi‚Z¡c”Y©|
DÏxcK (ii)-G Ggb ¯§„wZfvebv cÖwZdwjZ nqwb| GLv‡b †`Lv hvq wcÖq †Kv‡bv wRwbm P‡j hv‡e| Zv‡Z DÏxc‡Ki K_‡Ki †Kv‡bv wPš@v
nq bv| †h P‡j hv‡e †m †Zv hv‡eBÑ Zv‡K AvUwK‡q ivLvi ¶gZv Kv‡iviB †bB| wKš‘ K_‡Ki gb †h gv‡b bv| G‡Z evsjvi †Kv_vI bv
†Kv_vI Zv‡K Luy‡R cv‡e †m| Zvi Ggb wek¦vm ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡giB bvgvš@i| Z‡e Gi cwimi LyeB ¯^í|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvwU‡Z •kk‡ei b`x‡Kw›`ªK Kweg‡bi Zxeª Abyf‚wZ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| GB b‡`i Kv‡Q Kwei mwebq wgbwZ, eÜyfv‡e
Zv‡K wZwb †ønv`‡i †hgb ¯§iY K‡ib; K‡cvZv¶I †hb GKBfv‡e Zv‡K m‡ø‡n ¯§iY K‡i| Kwei g‡bi Ggb KvZiZv cÖevm Rxe‡b
¯^‡`‡ki cÖwZ Mfxi †`k‡cÖ‡giB ewntcÖKvk| (ii)-bs DÏxc‡K Ggb Mfxi †`k‡cÖg‡PZbv dz‡U D‡Vwb| Z‡e wfbœ Avw½‡K ¯^í cwim‡i
wcÖq wRwbm bv nviv‡bv e³‡e¨ †`k‡cÖg dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ZvB wel‡qi we¯@…wZ, ¯§„wZgq •kke Avi cÖevm Rxe‡b RvMÖZ †`k‡cÖ‡gi w`K †_‡K
†h․w³Kfv‡eB ejv hvq (ii)-bs DÏxcK Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi m¤“”Y© fv‡ei cÖwZdjb bq AvswkK cÖwZdjb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (ii)-G dz‡U IVv w`KwU ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi m¤“”Y© fv‡ei cÖwZdjb bq|
cÖkœ  06 ¯^‛Qj cwiev‡ii GKgvÎ mš@vb ivû‡ji Rš§ kn‡i| †Qv‡Uv‡ejv †_‡K evev-gv Zvi †Kv‡bv Ave`viB Ac”Y© iv‡Lwb| covi
duv‡K A‡bK mgq `yóvwg K‡i cÖvqB GUv †mUv †f‡O †d‡j| GKw`b ¯‥zj QzwUi ci e„wó‡Z wf‡R ivûj evmvq wdi‡j Kuvcywb w`‡q R¦i
Av‡m| gv †Q‡ji cQ‡›`i Lvevi •Zwi K‡i LvIqv‡bv †Póv K‡ib Ges Wv³v‡ii civg‡k© Jla LvIqvb| mvivivZ †R‡M mš@v‡bi
my¯’Zvi Rb¨ mªóvi Kv‡Q †`vqv K‡ib|
K. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq gv‡qi civb †`v‡j †Kb? 1
L. gv‡qi R¦vjv wØMyY evovi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ivû‡ji m‡½ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †Q‡ji •emv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ò†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxcK I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jfve GKB m”‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Amy¯’ †Q‡ji g„Zz¨ Avk¼vq gv‡qi civb †`v‡j|
i `wi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y †Q‡j‡K †gjvq cvVv‡Z e¨_© nIqvq `ywLbx gv‡qi DËi w`‡Z R¡vjv wØMyY †e‡o hvq|
Mwie cwjÐgvZv †Q‡ji me Ave`vi c”iY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Avo‡Oi w`‡b Kwig I AvwRR †gjvq †M‡jI Avw_©K AbU‡bi Kvi‡Y wb‡Ri
†Q‡j‡K †h‡Z w`‡Z cv‡ibwb gv| †Q‡j‡K wZwb †evSvb, gymjgv‡bi Avo‡O †h‡Z †bB| wb‡Ri Ggb A¶gZvq `ywLbx gv‡qi Aš@‡ii
R¡vjv †hb wØMyY †e‡o hvq| ZvB wZwb †Q‡ji DËi w`‡Z e¨w_Z nb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y cwj­Rbbx †Q‡j‡K †gjvq cvVv‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘ †Q‡j‡K wg‡_¨ e‡j `gv‡Z PvB‡j †Q‡ji nvRv‡iv cÖ‡kœi DËi
w`‡Z gv‡qi R¡vjv †e‡o hvq|
j DÏxc‡Ki ivû‡ji m‡½ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †Q‡ji Avqy, Ave`vi c”iY Ki‡Z bv cviv BZ¨vw` bvbv •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Kwe GKwU `vwi`ª¨wK¬ó cwjÐgv‡qi †ivMvµvš@ †Q‡ji Ki‚Y wPÎ cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Qb| G KweZvq †`Lv hvq, †eovi duvK
w`‡q kx‡Zi evZvm Xz‡K Kzu‡oN‡i †Q‡ji Avqy MyY‡Q gv| A‡_©i Afv‡e †Kv‡bv Ilya-c_¨ †RvMvo Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| †Q‡ji Rxeb †hb hvq
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  153

hvq Ae¯’v| gv Zvi i‚M&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i iv‡Zi ci ivZ †R‡M e‡m Av‡Qb| wZwb †Q‡ji AKj¨vY AvksKvq Zvi gb †KejB Myg‡i Myg‡i
Kuv‡`| Ggb Avk¼vi K_v ivû‡ji gv‡S dz‡U I‡Vwb|
DÏxc‡Ki ivû‡ji cwievi ¯^‛Qj, cwjÐRbbxi †Q‡j `wi`ª| ivû‡ji Rš§ kn‡i Avi cwjÐRbbxi †Q‡ji Rš§ MÖv‡g| †Qv‡Uv‡ejv †_‡KB
ivû‡ji me Ave`vi Zvi gv c”iY K‡i‡Q wKš‘ cwjÐi †Q‡ji Ave`vi Zvi gv c”iY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| covi duv‡K ivûj A‡bK mgq `yózwg
K‡i cÖvqB GUv †mUv †f‡O †d‡j wKš‘ cwjÐi †Q‡j Zv K‡iwb| Gfv‡e Dfq †Q‡ji g‡a¨ •emv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nq| Avevi cwjÐRbbxi †Q‡j
nviv‡bvi Avk¼vi K_vI wea„Z n‡q‡Q, hv DÏxc‡K †bB| Gfv‡e DÏxc‡Ki ivû‡ji m‡½ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †Q‡ji •emv`„k¨
cwijw¶Z nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ivû‡ji m‡½ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †Q‡ji Avqy, Ave`vi c”iY Ki‡Z bv cviv BZ¨vw` bvbv •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k Ò†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxcK I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jfve GKB m”‡Î Muv_v|ÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq ewY©Z gv Mwie-`ytwLbx, `y‡ejv Avnvi †RvUv‡bv hvi `vq| Zvic‡¶ †Q‡ji †Qv‡UvLv‡Uv KZ Ave`vi-evqbv wZwb
†gUv‡Z cv‡ibwb| AvR `xN©w`‡bi i‚M&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m Zvi AZxZ `ytLgq ¯§„wZMy‡jv †f‡m DV‡Q|
DÏxc‡KI gv-†Q‡ji K_v wea„Z n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b gv Zvi †Q‡ji me Ave`vi c”iY K‡i‡Qb| Amy¯’ †Q‡ji my¯’Zvi Rb¨ ¯ªóvi Kv‡Q
†`vqv K‡i‡Qb| gv †Q‡ji cQ‡›`i Lvevi •Zwi K‡i LvIqv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi †Kv‡bv Afve †bB, Zvi cwievi ¯^‛Qj| Zvi †Q‡j
GK mgq fvix `yó wQj| GLb †Q‡jwU Amy¯’| Gfv‡e †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI g”jfve KweZvi g‡ZvB|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq †`Lv hvq, gv UvKvi Afv‡e Avos ev †gjvi w`‡b †Q‡ji evqbvg‡Zv †Ljbv wK‡b w`‡Z cv‡ibwb| ZvB †Q‡j‡K
mvš@¦bv¯^iƒc gv e‡j‡Qb, Avgiv †gvmjgvb, Avgv‡`i Avos †`L‡Z †bB| GwU Mybv‡ni KvR| Gw`KwU DÏxc‡K wea„Z nqwb| †h‡Kv‡bv
wcZvgvZvB Zvi mš@vb‡K eÇ fv‡jvev‡mb| Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv AKj¨vY Zviv Kvgbv K‡ib bv| mš@v‡bi †ivM-†kvK ev †h‡Kv‡bv bvRyK
Ae¯’vq wcZvgvZv Aaxi n‡q I‡Vb| DÏxc‡Ki †m w`KwU I‡V G‡m‡Q wfbœ †cÖ¶vc‡U| Z‡e g”jfv‡ei w`K w`‡q A‡bKvs‡kB Df‡qi
wgj i‡q‡Q| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxcK I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jfve GKB m”‡Î Muv_v|
Dˇii g”jK_v : †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxcK I ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jfve GKB m”‡Î Muv_v|
cÖkœ  07 Bs‡iR kvmbvg‡j wbcxob-wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv m‡n¨i mxgv AwZµg Ki‡j GKmgq wZZzgxi Zv‡`i wei‚‡× evsjvi mvaviY
gvbyl‡K HK¨e× Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Zv‡`i gv‡S †`k‡cÖg RvwM‡q †Zv‡jb wZwb| ZvB mvaviY gvbyl‡`i mv‡_ wb‡q euv‡ki †KjÐvq e‡m
Bs‡iR kvmK‡`i wei‚‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib|
K. Kx‡mi Rb¨ gvby‡li e¨vKzj cÖZx¶v? 1
L. Ò†X‡K †`qv GB XvKvi ü`q gvVLvwb|Ó ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒwZZzgx‡ii ¯^vaxbZv fvebvB †hb Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi g”jmyi|ÓÑ hyw³mn gZvgZ `vI| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h GKwU KweZv cov n‡e Zvi Rb¨ gvby‡li e¨vKzj cÖZx¶v|
i RvwZi wcZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi ¯§„wZweRwoZ HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`vb‡K my‡K․k‡j Avovj Kivi
e¨vcviwU †evSv‡ZB Kwe Av‡jvP¨ cO&w³wUi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb|
RvwZi wcZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi HwZnvwmK fvl‡Yi †mB ¯§„wZgq ¯’vbwUi †Kv‡bv Aw¯@Z¡ GLb Avi Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv|
†mLv‡b GLb bvbv is-†ei‡Oi Uzj, †eÂ, †LjbvivwR Avi Pviw`‡K evMvb| Kwe g‡b K‡ib, j¶ j¶ gvby‡li ü`q wbsov‡bv ¯^vaxbZv
msMÖv‡gi evYx †hLvb †_‡K D‛PvwiZ n‡qwQj †mB ¯§„wZgq ¯’vbwU †K․k‡j †X‡K †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Aïf kw³i G K‚U‡K․k‡ji wei‚‡×
cÖwZev`B cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Av‡jvP¨ cO&w³wUi gva¨‡g|
Dˇii g”jK_v : e½eÜyi 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi ¯§„wZweRwoZ HwZnvwmK †im‡Kvm© gq`vb‡K my‡K․k‡j †X‡K †`Iqvi e¨vcviwU †evSv‡ZB Kwe Av‡jvP¨
cO&w³wUi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi HK¨e× †`k‡cÖ‡gi AvnŸv‡bi w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvwU †ek Zvrch©c ”Y©| GLv‡b evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvi BwZnv‡mi †M․i‡ev¾¡j gyn”‡Z©i K_v
AZ¨š@ my›`ifv‡e dzwU‡q †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| †mw`b gnvbvqK e½eÜyi A‡c¶vq A‡c¶gvb j¶ j¶ DÏxß RbZv GKÎ n‡qwQj †iK‡Kvm©
gq`v‡b| †mB 7B gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK gyn”‡Z©i AwZ m”² eY©bv G KweZvq i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b e½eÜy ¯^vaxbZvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| cvwK¯@vwb‡`i
Ab¨vq-wbcxo‡bi wei‚‡× †mv‛Pvi nIqvi AvnŸvb j¶ RbZvi mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡ib| Avi gv_v bZ Kiv n‡e bv, i³ hLb w`‡qwQ, i³ AviI
†`Iqvi K_v e‡j‡QbÑ Gfv‡e evOvwji cÖv‡Yi ¯^vaxbZv wdwi‡q Avbvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| G KweZvq bvbv Dcgvq †m K_vB wea„Z Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  154

DÏxc‡Ki wZZzgxi Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev`Kvix GK Ab¨b¨ PwiÎ| wZwb hLb †`L‡jb Bs‡iRiv G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K bvbvfv‡e AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb
K‡i‡Q; wbcxob-wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv m‡n¨i mxgv AwZµg K‡i‡Q ZLb wZwb M‡R© DV‡jb| wZwb evsjvi mvaviY †jvK‡`i‡K Bs‡iR‡`i
wei‚‡× jovi Rb¨ HK¨e× n‡Z e‡jb| we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib ewjó K‡É Ab¨v‡qi mgywPZ Reve †`Iqvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb K‡ib| Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg RvwM‡q †Zv‡jb| Ggb AvnŸvb Avi †`k‡cÖg‡PZbv Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvqI we`¨gvb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi HK¨e× †`k‡cÖ‡gi AvnŸv‡bi w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
k ÒwZZzgx‡ii ¯^vaxbZv fvebvB †hb Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi g”jmyi|ÓÑ K_vwU †h․w³K|
BwZnv‡mi cwiµgvq †`Lv hvq, wZZzgxi GK weL¨vZ bvg| wZwb gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZvq wek¦vmx wQ‡jb| †Kbbv ¯^vaxbZv gvby‡li Rš§MZ
AwaKvi| wZwb GB wek¦v‡mi gh©v`v w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| mvaviY gvby‡li Ici †Kv‡bv Ab¨vq-wbh©vZb wZwb †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb|
Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq e½eÜyi 7B gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvl‡Yi K_v wea„Z n‡q‡Q| GLv‡bI G‡`‡ki
gvby‡li AwaKvi Av`v‡qi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †im‡Kv‡m©i wekvj RbmgvM‡gi gq`vb †_‡KB evOvwji wcÖq kã Ô¯^vaxbZvÕ K_vwU D‛PvwiZ
n‡qwQj| Ggb fvebv wZZzgx‡iiI wQj|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z, Bs‡iR kvmbvg‡j evsjvi mvaviY †jvK‡`i Ici Zv‡`i AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZ‡bi gvÎv †e‡o hvq| ¯^vaxbZvKvgx wZZzgxi
Bs‡iR‡`i wei‚‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib| evsjvi RbMY‡K HK¨e× K‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg RvwM‡q †Zv‡jb| Ggb ¯^‡`kfvebv wbR
†`‡ki RbM‡Yi gyw³i †PZbv Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvqI cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| G KweZvq Ggb GKRb gnvb
e¨w³‡Z¡i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q whwb †kvwlZ, ewÂZ, AZ¨vPvwiZ, wbcxwoZ gvby‡li AwaKvi Av`v‡q Ges Zv‡`i gyw³i Rb¨ wb‡R Z¨vM ¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Qb| G‡b w`‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i Rb¨ cÖv‡Yi ¯^vaxbZv| GB ¯^vaxbZvi fvebv wZZzgx‡iiI wQj| ZvB ¯^í cwim‡i n‡jI ejv hvq
wZZzgx‡ii ¯^vaxbZv fvebvB †hb Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi g”jmyi|
Dˇii g”jK_v : wZZzgx‡ii ¯^vaxbZv fvebvB †hb Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi g”jmyi|
cÖkœ  08 (i) Ninxb Iiv Nyg †bB †Pv‡L,
hy‡× wQbœ Nievwo †`k,
gv_vi wfZ‡i †evgvi‚ wegvb
GB Kv‡jv ivZ K‡e n‡e †kl|
(ii) Avgiv Acgvb mBe bv
fxi‚i g‡Zv N‡ii †Kv‡Y iBe bv
Avgiv AvKvk †_‡K eRª n‡q Si‡Z Rvwb,
†Zvgvi fq †bB gv
Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb|
K. †bvjK eyqv eyav‡K Kx bv‡g Wv‡K? 1
L. Òwb‡Ri †evSv wb‡R eBe|ÓÑ Dw³wU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)-G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii)-Gi e³‡e¨ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi •ewkó¨‡K aviY K‡i Av‡Q|Ñ gš@e¨wUi mv‡_ Zzwg wK GKgZ? hyw³mn
we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h †bvjK eyqv eyav‡K QbœQvov bv‡g Wv‡K|
i PvwPi msmv‡i Dciš‘ Sv‡gjv n‡Z Pvqwb e‡j eyav Ggb Dw³ K‡i‡Q|
eyav evev-gv nvwi‡q PvPvi msmv‡i AvkÖq cvq| PvwP Rvbvq †m Avi eyavi †evSv eB‡Z cvi‡e bv| eyav msMÖvgx, Kómwnòz Ges mvnmx
wK‡kvi| ZvB †m Abyaveb K‡i, †eKvi PvPvi msmv‡i †m †evSv¯^iƒc| ZvB †m PvwP‡K e‡j, Ôwb‡Ri †evSv wb‡RB eBe|Õ
Dˇii g”jK_v : PvwPi msmv‡i Dciš‘ Sv‡gjv n‡Z Pvqwb e‡j eyav Ggb Dw³ K‡i‡Q|
j DÏxcK (i)-G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ evOvwji jovB-msMÖv‡gi w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi‡`i wbg©g nZ¨vh‡Ái wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GLv‡b †`Lv hvq, wgwjUvwiiv MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡iB
MÖv‡gi evRviwU‡K cywo‡q †`q| Mywj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i MÖv‡gi eû gvbyl‡K| ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i ïi‚‡Z cvwK¯@vwb †mbvevwnbx evOvwj‡`i Ici
exfrm I fqsKi AvµgY Pvjvq| Dcb¨vmwU‡Z eyav, wgVz, Avwj, kvnveywÏb cÖgyL mvnmx gvbyl‡`i mvnmx Kvh©µg AZ¨š@ h‡Zœi mv‡_
Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i mvnmx c`‡¶c I †K․kjx f‚wgKvq Ae‡k‡l weRq AR©b Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
DÏxcK (i)-G ¯^vaxbZvKvgx‡`i Avkv-AvK¸¶vi welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| gyw³‡hv×viv AvkÖqnxb n‡q c‡o‡Q| Zv‡`i †Pv‡L Nyg †bB| hy‡×
Zv‡`i Nievwo wbwðý n‡q †M‡Q| GB Amnvq †jv‡Kiv GLb †Kv_vq hv‡e ZvI †f‡e cv‡‛Q bv| Avevi fq cv‡‛Q KLb †hb †evgv Qz‡o
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  155

gviv nq| gv_vi Ici hy× wegvb Do‡Q| me wgwj‡q GK Ki‚Y I wefxwlKvgq cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨ c‡o‡Q Zviv| GLb Zviv Gi Aemvb
Pvq, hy× Pvq bv| ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mI nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g AZ¨vPv‡ii w`KwU ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (i)-G ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ evOvwji jovB-msMÖv‡gi w`KwUi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q|
k DÏxcK (ii)-Gi e³‡e¨ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi •ewkó¨‡K aviY K‡i Av‡Q|Ñ gš@e¨wUi mv‡_ Avwg GKgZ|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb PwiÎ eyav| †m wK‡kvi eqwm GK `yiš@ †Q‡j| †m †hgb mvnmx †Zgwb Wvbwc‡U| G c„w_ex‡Z Zvi Avcb
ej‡Z †KD †bB| Av‡Q †Kej PvwP Avi PvPv‡Zv †evb| mviv MÖv‡gB Zvi wePiY|
DÏxcK (ii)-G cÖwZev`x †PZbv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GK `j Zi‚Y gv‡K Avk¦¯@ Ki‡Q, fq †bB| Zviv Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rv‡b| Zviv
gvZ…f‚wgi †Kv‡bv Acgvb mn¨ Ki‡e bv| ¯^vaxbZvi gvb Zviv i¶v Ki‡eB| Zviv fxi‚ bq, mvnmx| Zviv fxi‚i g‡Zv N‡ii †Kv‡Y e‡m
_vK‡e bv| cÖ‡qvR‡b Rxeb w`‡q n‡jI ¯^vaxbZvi iw³g m”h© wQwb‡q Avb‡e Ges Zv i¶v Ki‡e| eyavi Pwi‡ÎI Ggb mvnmx g‡bvfve
we`¨gvb|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cUf‚wg 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy×| G Dcb¨v‡m †mwjbv †nv‡mb KvKZvo~qvi cÖZx‡K cvK nvbv`vi‡`i wei‚‡×
cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb| eyav KvKZvo~qvi fw½‡Z `uvwo‡q †_‡K AUj msh‡g gvbyl‡`i cÖwZ‡iva K‡i‡Q| k΂‡`i fq †`wL‡q mviv¶Y
ZU¯’ †i‡L‡Q| wK‡kvi eyavi Ggb †K․kj I mvnmx f‚wgKv DÏxcK (ii)-G †`Lv hvq| GLv‡bI fq‡K Rq K‡i Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Gme hyw³‡Z ZvB Avwg g‡b Kwi †h, DÏxcK (ii)-Gi e³‡e¨ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi •ewkó¨‡KB aviY K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (ii)-Gi e³‡e¨ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi •ewkó¨‡K aviY K‡i Av‡Q|

cÖkœ  09 gyw³hy‡×i mgq G‡`‡ki wKQz †jvK cvK‡mbv‡`i mv‡_ wg‡j PzKbMi MÖv‡gi mg¯@ evwoNi R¦vwj‡q cywo‡q †`q| ev‡iK
wgqv Zv‡`iB GKRb whwb kvwš@i K_v e‡j MÖv‡g kvwš@ KwgwU MVb K‡ib| Iw`‡K MÖv‡gi bvix-cyi‚l mevB cÖv‡Yi f‡q MÖvg Qvo‡Z ïi‚
Ki‡j Amxg mvnmx hyeK Avwbm Zvi eÜy‡`i wb‡q MÖvg‡K k΂gy³ Kivi `„p kc_ MÖnY K‡ib|
K. Dcb¨vm †Kvb Kv‡ji m„wó? 1
L. ÒAvgiv jovB bv Ki‡j MÖvgUv GKw`b f‚‡Zi evwo n‡e|ÓÑ eyavi G K_v ejvi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ev‡iK wgqvi Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Avwb‡mi g‡bvfve ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi g”j DcRxe¨ welq|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi †h․w³K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Dcb¨vm A‡c¶vK…Z AvaywbK Kv‡ji m„wó|
i ÒAvgiv jovB bv Ki‡j MÖvgUv GKw`b f‚‡Zi evwo n‡e|ÓÑ eyavi GK_v ejvi KviY jovB Kivi gva¨‡g MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K i¶v Kiv|
nvbv`vi evwnbx eyav‡`i MÖv‡g G‡m MÖvgevmx‡`i Ici wbwe©Pv‡i Mywj Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| Pviw`‡K ïay c‡o _v‡K jvk Avi jvk| wbwe©Pv‡i
MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ MÖvgwU gvbyl k”b¨ n‡q covi Dcµg n‡q c‡owQj| ZvB MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ eyav D`&MÖxe n‡q
I‡V| eyav GUv Abyaveb Ki‡Z m¶g nq †h, jovB K‡iB MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K euvPv‡Z n‡e| Avi jovB bv Ki‡j MÖv‡gi me gvbyl‡K Iiv
†g‡i †dj‡e| ZLb MÖvgUv gvbyl k”b¨ n‡q f‚‡Zi evwo n‡q hv‡e| g‡bi g‡a¨ cÖwZev`x †PZbvi Kvi‡YB eyav GK_v e‡j‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : jovB Kivi gva¨‡g MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨B eyav e‡j‡Q, ÒAvgiv jovB bv Ki‡j MÖvgUv GKw`b f‚‡Zi evwo n‡e|Ó
j DÏxc‡Ki ev‡iK wgqvi Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎ n‡jv Avnv` gywÝ|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi GKwU Lj PwiÎ Avnv` gywÝ| wZwb MÖv‡gi †Pqvig¨vb Ges gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j kvwš@ KwgwU‡Z †hvM †`b|
¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax Avnv` gywÝi Kv‡Q Ôhy×Õ kãUv AvZ‡¼i| wZwb cvwK¯@vwb‡`i †`vmi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| eyav ZvB Zvi N‡i AvMyb
†`q| iv¯@vq eyavi mv‡_ Zvi †`Lv n‡j eyavi mij †Pnviv †`‡L Zvi gvqv nq| nvwm gy‡L bvg wR‡Ám Ki‡j eyav e‡j, Zvi bvg hy×|
GK_v †kvbvgvÎB Avnv` gywÝi †PvL Kcv‡j I‡V|
DÏxc‡Ki ev‡iK wgqv GKwU wek¦vmNvZK PwiÎ| G N„Y¨ †jvKwU †`k we‡ivax KvR K‡i‡Q| †`‡ki wei‚‡× lohš¿ K‡i‡Q| †m gy‡L
kvwš@i K_v e‡j Avi †fZ‡i Akvwš@‡Z fwi‡q †`q MÖv‡gi gvbyl‡`i| gyw³hy‡× Zvi f‚wgKv wQj †bwZevPK| wZwb cvK‡mbv‡`i mv‡_
nvZ wgwj‡q PzKbMi MÖv‡gi mg¯@ evwoNi R¡vwj‡q cywo‡q †`b| kvwš@ KwgwU MV‡bi bv‡g wb‡Ri †jvK‡`i mv‡_ †eBgvwb K‡ib| wZwb
gyw³hy‡× †Kv‡bv mn‡hvwMZv bv K‡i eis ¶gvi A‡hvM¨ Aciva K‡i‡Qb| ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Ggb wek¦vmNvZK PwiÎ Av‡Q| Zvi
bvg Avnv` gywÝ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ev‡iK wgqvi Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎ n‡jv Avnv` gywÝ|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Avwb‡mi g‡bvfve ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi g”j DcRxe¨ welq|ÓÑgš@e¨wU †h․w³K|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  156

ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb PwiÎ eyav| †m `yiš@ I mvnmx GK wK‡kvi| Zvi `ywbqv‡Z AvcbRb ej‡Z †KD bv _vKvq fq Kx wRwbm
†m Rv‡b bv| Rxeb evwR †i‡L gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq GwM‡q Av‡m GB wbfx©K eyav|
DÏxc‡Ki Avwbm eyavi g‡ZvB mvnmx hyeK| gyw³hy‡× Zvi f‚wgKv BwZevPK I mn‡hvwMZvg”jK| MÖv‡g hy× Qwo‡q co‡j AvZ¼ m„wó
nq| MÖv‡gi bvix-cyi‚l mevB cÖv‡Yi f‡q MÖvg Qvo‡Z ïi‚ K‡i| ZLb Zv‡`i cv‡k `uvovq mvnmx hyeK Avwbm| †m Zvi eÜy‡`i wb‡q
MÖvg‡K kÎygy³ Kivi `„p kc_ MÖnY K‡i| ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mI eyavi gva¨‡g Ggb welq D‡V G‡m‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †jwLKv gyw³hy×Kvjxb bvbv NUbvi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx eyav‡`i MÖv‡g AvµgY K‡i
wbwe©Pv‡i A‡bK gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡i| cÖvY euvPv‡Z MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk gvbyl MÖvg †Q‡o Ab¨Î P‡j hvq| Avevi MÖv‡g wgwjUvwi nvbv w`‡j †m
b„ksmZv wb‡Ri †Pv‡L cÖZ¨¶ K‡i| Zvi ey‡Ki g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡kv‡ai ¯“„nv †R‡M I‡V| cÖv‡Yi f‡q Rxeb euvPv‡Z A‡b‡KB P‡j hvq Ab¨Î|
Gme wel‡qi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki Avwb‡mi f‚wgKvi wgj i‡q‡Q| ZvB †h․w³Kfv‡eB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Avwb‡mi g‡bvfve Av‡jvP¨
Dcb¨v‡mi g”j DcRxe¨ welq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Avwb‡mi g‡bvfve ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi g”j DcRxe¨ welq|
cÖkœ  10 Zzwo †g‡i Dwo‡q `vI mgv‡Ri å‚KzwU,
wb‡Ri g‡Zv M‡o bvI wb‡Ri ixwZbxwZ,
gvbyl n‡q euv‡Pv Gevi, Rxeb fv‡jvev‡mv,
cÖwZev`B cwieZ©b; gy³cÖv‡Y nv‡mv|
K. •mq` IqvjxDjÐvni cÖ_g MíMÖ‡š’i bvg Kx? 1
L. ÒAvwg cqmvI PvB bv, QvcvLvbvI PvB bv|ÓÑ G K_vwU eywS‡q e‡jv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Yi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb w`KwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki e³‡e¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki AvswkK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|Ñ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h •mq` IqvjxDjÐvni cÖ_g MíMÖ‡š’i bvg bqbPviv|
i Rwg`vi cyÎ nv‡k‡gi evevi Rwg wbjv‡g DV‡eÑG‡Z evevi A‡bK Kó n‡e| Zv‡K UvKv w`‡Z cvi‡e bv| `yt‡L wbðq eyK †d‡U
hv‡‛QÑGwU †f‡e nv‡kg cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Q|
nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g DV‡e| Rwg euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ kn‡i wM‡q †Kv‡bv UvKv msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Zv‡niv †Lv‡`Rv‡K ej‡Q,
Avcbvi †Q‡j nv‡kg †h Kuv`‡Q| †Q‡j e‡j †m Rwg`vwi hv‡‛Q e‡j Kuv`‡Q bv| Kvbœv G‡m‡Q evevi †Pv‡L cvwb †bB wKš‘ `yt‡L eyK wbðq
†d‡U hv‡‛Q| evev e‡j, Avwg Avgvi †Q‡j‡K QvcvLvbv Kivi cqmv KL‡bv w`‡Z cvie bv| ZLb nv‡kg e‡j, Avwg cqmv PvB bv,
QvcvLvbvI PvB bv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g DVvq Rwg`v‡ii `yt‡L wbðq eyK †d‡U hv‡‛QÑGwU †f‡e nv‡kg cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Yi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cÖwZev`x †PZbvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji g‡a¨ Ab¨v‡qi cwie‡Z© b¨v‡qi gvbwmKZv j¶ Kiv hvq| Zv‡niv‡K †Rvi K‡i ey‡ov wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡q
†`Iqv †m †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB †m Zv‡niv‡K wb‡q bZzb c‡_ hvÎv K‡i Ges Zv‡niv‡K e„× wc‡ii †_‡K i¶v K‡i‡Q| Zv‡nivI G
Ae¯’vq we‡q †g‡b †bqwb| GB Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cÖwZev`x gvbwmKZv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Zv‡niv I nv‡kg DfqB mgv‡R cÖPwjZ
wbqg‡K åyKzwU K‡i bZzb wbqg Pvjy K‡i‡Q| Ggb bqv bxwZi fvebv DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡YI j¶Yxq|
DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Y mgv‡R cÖPwjZ Kzms¯‥vi I ag© e¨emv‡qi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| mgv‡R eû Kzms¯‥vi i‡q‡Q| hvi gva¨‡g
mvaviY gvbyl V‡K hvq| cÖZviYvi ¯^xKvi nq wb‡Ri ARv‡š@B| c”‡e© †hgb Kzms¯‥vi weivRgvb wQj †Zgwb AvRI Av‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g Ges
gvby‡li ag©fxi‚Zvi my‡hvM wb‡q wb‡Ri ¯^v_© nvwmj K‡i‡Q GK‡kÖwYi gvbyl| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Y ejv n‡q‡QÑ Zzwo †g‡i Dwo‡q
`vI †mB å‚KzwU ev Kzms¯‥vi| ag©‡K AvkÖq K‡i hviv wb‡Ri dvq`v jy‡U †bq Zv‡`i cÖwZnZ Kiv GLb mg‡qi `vwe| wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i
wb‡Ri we‡eK LvwU‡q wb‡Ri Kj¨vYKi ixwZbxwZ cÖwZôv Kivi fvebv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv I nv‡kg Avwj Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_g `yB Pi‡Yi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki cÖwZev`x †PZbvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k DÏxc‡Ki e³‡e¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki AvswkK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡QÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Ab¨Zg PwiÎ Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj| wZwb GKRb ¶wqòz Rwg`vi| wZwb Zvi eRivq P‡o eÜy Av‡bvqv‡ii Kv‡Q
hvw‛Q‡jb| wKš‘ c_g‡a¨ S‡oi Ke‡j c‡ob Ges Zvi eRivq A‡bK‡KB AvkÖq †`b|
DÏxc‡K bZzb mgvR MV‡bi Rb¨ cyivZb a¨vbaviYv cwinv‡ii K_v wea„Z n‡q‡Q| bZzb wbqg, wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i Pjvi, Rxeb‡K
fv‡jvevmvi K_v, gy³cÖv‡Y nvmv Avi Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Kivi welqMy‡jv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| bZzb mgvR cÖwZôvi, bZzb w`‡bi cÖZ¨vkvi K_vI
Av‡Q| hv‡Z mgv‡Ri Kj¨vY nq| bZzb wbqg-bxwZ Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Kivi welq ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡KI Av‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  157

ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki welq cwimi Av‡iv e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| G bvU‡K ewncxi‡K wN‡i wewfbœ PwiÎ AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ Zv‡niv nv‡kg
Avwj, nv‡Zg Avwj, nwKKzjÐvn I Rwg`vi wMwbœ| ewncxi gvby‡li Kzms¯‥vi I ag©wek¦vm‡K cuywR K‡i Zvi ag©e¨emv cwiPvjbv K‡i|
Zv‡niv GKw`‡K cÖwZev`x Ab¨w`‡K gvbweKZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q| nv‡kg Avwj AZ¨š@ kvš@fv‡e ewncx‡ii K‚UPvj‡K †gvKvwejv K‡i‡Q|
nwKKzjÐvn ewncx‡ii mnKvix GK e¨w³Z¡nxb PwiÎ| Gme Pwi·Kw›`ªK †Kv‡bv NUbvB DÏxc‡K cy‡ivcywi cÖwZdwjZ nqwb| DÏxc‡K
†Kej cÖwZev`x †PZbvi D‡jÐL Av‡Q| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki e³‡e¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki AvswkK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki e³‡e¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki AvswkK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
cÖkœ  11 K‡jR co~qv wk¶v_©x wkwib| Zvi evev-gv GKB gnjÐvi abvX¨ iwng wgqvi cÖevmx †Q‡ji m‡½ we‡q wVK K‡ib| wkwib
†eu‡K e‡m, †m wKQz‡ZB GLb we‡q Ki‡e bv| Av‡M cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i †m wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Zvi evev-gv we‡qi Rb¨
Ggb cv·K nvZQvov Ki‡Z Pvb bv, wkwi‡bi Ag‡Z †Rvi K‡iB we‡q w`‡Z Pvb| ZvB wkwib wbi‚cvq n‡q 999-G Kj K‡i cÖkvm‡bi
mn‡hvwMZvq wb‡Ri we‡q eÜ Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
K. †b․Kvi m‡½ Kx‡mi av°v †j‡MwQj? 1
L. ewncxi cywjk WvK‡Z Pvq bv †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wkwib Pwi‡Îi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wkwi‡bi c`‡¶cB †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi g”j †PZbv|ÓÑ Dw³wUi †h․w³K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h †b․Kvi m‡½ eRivi av°v †j‡MwQj|
i cywj‡k Lei w`‡j AvBwb Sv‡gjv n‡Z cv‡i †f‡e wci mv‡ne gywi`‡K cywj‡k Lei w`‡Z wb‡la K‡ib|
ewncxi Zvi GK gywi‡`i Kb¨v Zv‡niv‡K we‡q K‡ib| wKš‘ Zv‡niv Amg we‡q †g‡b bv wb‡q evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq| ZLb Zv‡nivi
evev cywj‡k Lei w`‡Z Pvb| Z‡e wci mv‡ne gywi`‡K cywj‡ki wbKU Lei w`‡Z wb‡la K‡iwQ‡jb| †Kbbv, cywj‡k Lei w`‡j welqwU
RvbvRvwb nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K, hv wZwb Pvb bv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : cywj‡k Lei w`‡j AvBwb Sv‡gjv n‡Z cv‡i †f‡e wci mv‡ne gywi`‡K cywj‡k Lei w`‡Z wb‡la K‡ib|
j DÏxc‡Ki wkwib Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki GK cÖwZev`x PwiÎ Zv‡niv| GK wePv‡i me‡P‡q Myi‚Z¡c”Y© PwiÎ| †Kbbv Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB bvUKwUi NUbvcÖen AvewZ©Z
n‡q‡Q| †m gvZ…nviv, Zvi Kzms¯‥viv‛Qbœ evev I mrgv Zv‡K e„× wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡q w`‡j Zv †m †g‡b †bqwb eis cvwj‡q‡Q| `ytmvn‡mi
mv‡_ knievmx eRivq P‡o e‡m‡Q| Avevi †m gvbweKZvi cwiPqI w`‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki wkwibI GKwU cÖwZev`x PwiÎ| Zvi K_vq ZvB
dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Df‡qi we‡q Ges cÖwZev`x g‡bvfv‡e mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki wkwib K‡j‡R c‡o| Zvi evev-gv Zv‡K GLbB we‡q w`‡Z Pvq| we‡q wVK nq GKB gnjÐvi abx †jvK iwng wgqvi cÖevmx
†Q‡ji mv‡_| cvÎ we‡`‡k _v‡K Avevi mnvq-m¤“wËI A‡bK| Ggb weËkvjx cv·K wkwi‡bi evev-gv nvZQvov Ki‡Z Pvq bv| wKš‘
wkwib ivwR nq bv| †m wKQz‡ZB GLb we‡q Ki‡e bv| †m Av‡M cov‡jLv †kl K‡i wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡Z Pvq| Ggb gvbweK fvebv I
cÖwZev`x †PZbv bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi g‡a¨I j¶Yxq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wkwib Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki wkwi‡bi c`‡¶cB †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi g”j †PZbv|ÓÑ Dw³wU †h․w³K|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewY©Z cyY¨ jv‡fi Avkvq Zv‡nivi evev I mrgv Zv‡nivi B‛Qvi wei‚‡× Zv‡K wci mv‡n‡ei m‡½ we‡q †`q| GwU †g‡b
wb‡Z cv‡iwb e‡j Zv‡niv cvwj‡q hvq Ges nv‡Zg Avwji eRivq AvkÖq †bq| GLv‡b Zvi cÖwZev`x w`KwU cÖùzwUZ nq|
DÏxc‡Ki wkwib K‡jR co~qv wkw¶Z †g‡q| Zvi fv‡jv-g›` †evSvi ¶gZv Av‡Q| abxi `yjv‡ji mv‡_ Zvi we‡q wVK Kiv n‡j Zv‡Z †m
ivwR nqwb| †m evev-gv‡K me Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Q GLb †m we‡q Ki‡e bv| †m Av‡M wb‡Ri cv‡q `uvov‡e| Ggb `„p g‡bvej Avi cÖwZev`x
w`KwU Zv‡nivi g‡a¨I we`¨gvb|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv‡K wek kZ‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢ bvix AwaKvi I RvMi‡Yi cÖZxK PwiÎ ejv nq| †m Rwg`v‡ii Amnvq‡Z¡i K_v
†R‡b‡Q Ges e„×i mv‡_ bv hvIqvi wm×vš@ †_‡K m‡i hv‡‛Q| GLv‡b †m gvbweKZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki wkwi‡bi Ggb
g‡bvfve dz‡U I‡Vwb| wkwib GLbB we‡q Ki‡e bv; evev-gv Zvi K_vq ivwR bv nIqvq wbi‚cvq n‡q 999-G Kj K‡i cÖkvm‡bi
mn‡hvwMZvq wb‡Ri we‡q eÜ K‡i| GwU Zvi cÖwZev`x †PZbv, gvbweK bq| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki wkwi‡bi c`‡¶c Zv‡nivi mv‡_
A‡bKvs‡kB wg‡j hvq| †h Kvi‡Y ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi g”j †PZbv n‡q D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wkwi‡bi c`‡¶cB †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi g”j †PZbv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  158

h‡kvi †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg”n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U
Kjg Øviv m¤“”Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. cvnvocy‡ii †eŠ×wenvi †K Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb? 18. Bs‡iwR fvlvq †Qv‡UvM‡íi RbK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq Kv‡K?
E kÖx ag©cvj‡`e F m¨vi Kvwbsnvg G wKsm‡dvW© H †K`vi ivq E GBP.wR. I‡qjm& F GWMvi A¨vjvb †cv
2. ÔAvwg †h G‡mwQ Rqevsjvi eRªKÉ †_‡K|ÕÑ GLv‡b ÔRqevsjvi eRªKÉÕ  G Dwjqvg †k·wcqvi H mgvi‡mU gg
ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q evOvwjiÑ 19. QvMx`y» w`‡q nRi‡Zi Z…òv `”i Ki‡jb †K?
E mvs¯‥…wZK HwZn¨ I mg„w× F A`g¨ ivR‣bwZK cÖwZÁv E nRiZ Igi (iv.) F wewe Lvw`Rv (iv.)
 G Avengvb msMÖvgx †PZbv H HK¨ I msnwZi kw³  G Avey gvÕe` H D‡¤§ gvÕe` 
3. ÔZLb cj‡K `vi‚Y Sj‡K Zix‡Z DwVj Rj,ÕÑ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e 20. mZ¨ cÖPvi Ki‡Z wM‡q nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) k΂i Øviv Avµvš@ n‡jI Zuvi
Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi GB cO&w³‡Z ÔZixÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? g‡a¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
E evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv F HwZnvwmK 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi gÂ i. AwePj •ah© ii. ¶gv Kivi J`vh© iii. Zx² `”i`wk©Zv
 G igbvi †im‡Kvm© gq`vb H e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
4. gwZDi g‡b g‡b eyavi cÖksmv bv K‡i cv‡i bv †Kb? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E •mb¨‡`i †cqviv LvB‡q‡Q e‡j F gvwU KvUvi Kv‡R PUc‡U fw½ †`‡L
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 21 I 22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 G MÖv‡gi mK‡ji †ønfvRb nIqvq H `„p‡PZv ¯^fv‡ei cwiPq †c‡q
cÖ`xc iv‡qi Ae¯’v GZB †kvPbxq †h, N‡ii fvOv †eovwUI †givgZ Ki‡Z
5. Ôey‡Ki †fZ‡ii PgrKvi bKkv Kiv iwOb ev·Õ eyavi g‡a¨Ñ cvi‡Q bv| `yB mš@vb D`q I Dlv ¯‥z‡j hvq| `ycy‡i ¯‥zj †_‡K wd‡iB
E ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ •Zwi K‡i F msMÖv‡gi DÏxcbv •Zwi K‡i
†L‡q bv-†L‡q gv‡Vi w`‡K †`q QzU| Mvfx I QvMjwU Piv‡bv Avi weivgnxb
 G cÖwZ‡kva civqYZv •Zwi nq H `ytL‡eva RvwM‡q Zz‡j 
6. gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm ÔivB‡dj †ivwU AvIivZÕ Kvi iPbv? †Ljvayjv weKvjUv e‡ov Avb‡›`i g‡b nq Zv‡`i|
E †mwjbv †nv‡mb F gvngy`yj nK G wiwRqv ingvbH Av‡bvqvi cvkv
21. cÖ`xc ivq I ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fuucyÕ M‡íi nwin‡ii g‡a¨ mv`„k¨c”Y© w`K †KvbwU?
E cÖej evrmj¨ F Pig `vwi`ª¨ 
7. ÔeyS‡Z cviwQ, mevi e`vb¨Zvi cix¶v Pj‡QÕ
 G mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vcU H AwbwðZ Kg©ms¯’vb
nv‡k‡gi Ggb e³e¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
i. ewncxi Zv‡niv-nv‡k‡gi m¤“K© †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb 22. DÏxc‡Ki D`q-Dlv Ges ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi Acy-`yM©v Df‡qi †¶‡ÎBÑ
ii. Zv‡niv ewncx‡ii m‡½ †h‡Z ivwR i. †cÖ¶vcU Awfbœ ii. `yiš@cbv we`¨gvb iii. `vwi‡`ª¨i Qvc Abycw¯’Z
iii. nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡`i Amg we‡qi mg_©b w`‡‛Qb bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E i I ii F ii I iii G i I iii H i, ii I iii
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii 23. ÔivLvjxÕ Kv‡e¨i Kwe †K?
8. Ô†Kv‡bv gvbyl nVvr AvkvZxZ KvR Kwiqv ewm‡Z cv‡i|ÕÑ ewncxi G Dw³wU E KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg F RmxgD`&`xb
Kv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡j‡Qb?  G wbg©‡j›`y MyY H myKvš@ fÆvPvh©
E nv‡kg F Zv‡niv G †Lv‡`Rv H nv‡Zg Avwj 24. Ô†m me Kvnvi Rš§ wbY©q b Rvwb|ÕÑ Kv‡`i m¤“‡K© Kwe Ggb gš@e¨ K‡i‡Qb?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : i. gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Ae‡njv cÖ`k©bKvix
ÔeªZ Zvnvi c‡ii wnZ myL bvwn Pvq wb‡R, ii. gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ AbyivMnxb‡`i iii. cÖK…wZi cÖwZ Abyi³‡`i
†i․`ª `v‡n ïKvq Zby, †g‡Ni R‡j wf‡R|Õ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
9. DÏxc‡K ÔivbviÕ KweZvi †Kvb welqwU dz‡U I‡V‡Q? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E mgqvbyewZ©Zv F †`k‡cÖg G D`viZv H `vwqZ¡kxjZv 25. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi †kl cO&w³ †KvbwU?
10. Zv‡niv cvwj‡q exi‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡q‡QÑ Ggb aviYv Kvi? E RyovB GKvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡b! F `y»-†mªv‡Zviƒcx Zzwg Rš§f‚wg-¯@‡b
E ewncx‡ii F †Lv‡`Rvi G nv‡k‡gi H nv‡Zg Avwji  G e½R R‡bi Kv‡b, m‡L, mLv-ix‡Z H jB‡Q †h bvg Ze e‡½i msMx‡Z 
11. ÔK‡cvjÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 26. ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe mvMi‡K Kxiƒ‡c Kíbv K‡i‡Qb?
E Kcvj F hyMj G Mvj H Kj¨vY E ivRv F cÖRv G gvZv H mLv
12. myfv KLb b`xZ‡U k®“kh¨vq jywU‡q c‡o?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 27 I 28bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E c”wY©gv iv‡Z F Z…Zxqv PZz`©kx‡Z G ïévØv`kx iv‡ZH weRqv `kgx‡Z ÔG c„w_ex †hgb Av‡Q †Zgwb c‡o i‡e
13. ÔKx †i my, †Zvi bvwK ei cvIqv †M‡Q, ZzB we‡q Ki‡Z hvw‛Qm?ÕÑ cÖZv‡ci my›`i G c„w_ex †Q‡o GKw`b P‡j †h‡Z n‡eÕ
GB K_vq myfvi `ytL cvIqvi KviY Kx? 27. DÏxcKwU †Kvb KweZvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c”Y©?
E Ae‡njv F wbôziZv G we‡‛Q` H cÖZviYv E cwjÐRbbx F †mBw`b GB gvV  G Avgvi cwiPqH Rxeb-m½xZ
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 28. DÏxcK I cwVZ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© fve n‡jvÑ
wigv GKRb m‡PZb gv| Zuvi GKgvÎ †g‡q Avby Aóg †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| wZwb i. c„w_exi Awebk^i †m․›`h© ii. gvbeRxe‡bi `ytL iii. c„w_ex‡Z †KD wPi¯’vqx bq
Avby‡K cvV¨eB‡qi cvkvcvwk Ab¨ eB co‡Z e‡jb| wewfbœ Dcj‡¶¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†g‡q‡K eB Dcnvi †`b| E i F ii G iii H i I iii
14. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K wigvi g‡a¨ †Kvb D‡Ïk¨wU j¶Yxq? 29. wb‡Pi †Kvb cO&w³‡Z ÔcÖ‡eva †`IqvÕ fve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
E Avby‡K h_v_© wkw¶Z Kiv F Avbyi Ávb cwic”Y© Kiv E fvmv fvmv Zvi hZ K_v †hb mviv cÖvY w`‡q †M‡j|
 G Avbyi cix¶vi dj fv‡jv Kiv H Avby‡K mKj wel‡q cvi`k©x Kiv
 F muvS n‡q †Mj Zey Av‡m bv‡Kv, AvB XvB gvi cÖvY| 
15. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki B‛Qv Avbyi g‡a¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡j AvbyÑ  G e‡j‡Q Avgiv, gymjgv‡bi Avos †`wL‡Z bvB|
i. ¯^wkw¶Z n‡e ii. wb®‥g©vi `jfz³ n‡e iii. AvÍvi Acg„Zz¨ †_‡K i¶v cv‡e
 H AvRI †iv‡M Zvi c_¨ †Rv‡Uwb, Ila nqwb Avbv|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Ei F ii G i I iii H i, ii I iii
†mB †ij jvB‡bi av‡i, †g‡Vv c_Uvi cv‡i `uvwo‡q
16. ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡›`ªi msev` cvVK mv‡jn Avng‡`i cÖK…Z bvg Kx?
GK ga¨eqwm, bvix GLbI i‡q‡Q nvZ evwo‡q|
E nvmvb Bgvg F Avjx hv‡Ki G Ave`yj ReŸvi H Kvgi‚j nvmvb
17. Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖeÜ Abymv‡i gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbÑ †LvKv wdi‡e, N‡i wdi‡e, K‡e wdi‡e? bvwK wdi‡e bv?
i. RxemËvi NiwUi k„¸Ljv wbwðZ Kiv ii. gbyl¨‡Z¡i ¯^v` cvB‡q †`Iqv
30. DÏxcKwUi mv‡_ †Kvb iPbvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
E ¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jv
iii. A_©wPš@vi wbM‡o mK‡j ew›` nIqv
 F GKvˇii w`bMywj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E i F ii G iii H i I ii  G †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv  H Avgvi cwiPq 

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  159

h‡kvi †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj) welq †KvW 1 0 1
[2023 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c”Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi h_vh_ DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU,
L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU I N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwUmn †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi
Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `”lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j iwdK evev-gv‡qi AbygwZ wb‡q, gv-gvwU‡K nvbv`vigy³ Kivi j‡¶¨ †Mwijvevwnbx‡Z †hvM †`q| fv‡M¨i Kx wbg©g
cwinvi! 12 b‡f¤^i cvKevwnbxi nv‡Z aiv c‡o †m Ges cÖPÊ wbh©vZ‡b kwn` nq|
K. 1971 mv‡ji 10B †g Kx evi wQj? 1
L. Ò`‡j `‡j †jvK ÔRq evsjvÕ aŸwb Zz‡j iv¯@vq †ewi‡q c‡o‡Q KviwdD D‡c¶v K‡i|ÓÑ †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi GKgvÎ w`K bq|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2| evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ cÖevj Øxc †m›UgvwU©b| hvi †m․›`‡h©i eY©bv KLbI Pv¶zl bv †`‡L †evSv‡bv m¤¢e bq| Øx‡ci †hw`‡K †PvL hvq
ïay bxj Avi bxj| AvKvk Avi mgy‡`ªi bxj GLv‡b wg‡jwg‡k GKvKvi| ZvB‡Zv wekvj c„w_exi ey‡K †m›UgvwU©b †hb GKLÊ ¯^M©|
K_vMy‡jv e‡jwQj, evOvwj †Q‡j Zvbfxi Zvi Rvcvwb eÜy †Rgm‡K|
K. Ave`yi ingv‡bi D‛PZv KZ? 1
L. †jLK Ô_Õ n‡q `uvwo‡q iB‡jb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi LÊvsk cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY K‡iv| 4
3| wK‡kvix iv‡eqv wkDwj †eM‡gi evmvq wS‡qi KvR K‡i| gvm †k‡l mvgvb¨ †eZb cvq †m| evmvi mKj KvRB K‡i †m| Zey mvgvb¨
fzj n‡jB iv‡eqvi Ici P‡j AK_¨ wbh©vZb|
K. ggZvw`i †Q‡ji eqm KZ? 1
L. Ô†m †hb Qvqvgqx gvbexÕÑ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iv‡eqvi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i •emv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li cÖwZ AvPiY wkDwj †eMg bq, ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎxi g‡Zv nIqv evÃbxq|Ñ gš@e¨wU wePvi K‡iv| 4
4| GKevi cv‡Lvg bvgK GK e¨w³‡K GUv my‡hvM †`Iqv n‡jv, mܨvi Av‡M †h mxgvbvUzKz †m Ny‡i Avm‡Z cvi‡e, †mB cy‡iv RwgUvB
Zvi n‡e| kZ©vbymv‡i †m †`․ov‡Z ïi‚ Kij| hLb cÖvq mܨv ZLb †m †`‡L, †h RvqMv †_‡K †m iIqvbv w`‡qwQj Zvi av‡i Kv‡QI
†m Avm‡Z cv‡iwb| eis cÖPÊ †Zóv Avi K¬vwš@ wb‡qB Zvi g„Zz¨ nq|
K. wk¶vi Avmj KvR Kx? 1
L. †jdvdv`yiw¯@ Avi wk¶v GK K_v bq †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Ôcv‡LvgÕ PwiÎ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`K‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òcv‡Lv‡gi g‡Zv †jvK‡`i gvbwmKZv cwieZ©bB Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki g”j D‡Ïk¨|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi mZ¨Zv hvPvB
K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| eûw`b c‡i g‡b c‡o AvwR cwjÐgv‡qi †Kvj;
SvDkv‡L †h_v ebjZv euvwa ni‡l †L‡qwQ †`vj;
Kz‡ji KuvUvi AvNvZ mwnqv KuvPvcvKv Kzj †L‡q
Ag„‡Zi ¯^v` †hb jwfqvwQ Muv‡qi `yjvwj †g‡q|
K. m‡b‡Ui ló‡K Kx _v‡K? 1
L. ÔRyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡bÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g”jmyi Awfbœ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6| Kvj †h wQj AvR †m bvB; AvRI †h wQj, ZvnviI H bk^i †`nUv ax‡i ax‡i f¯§mvr nB‡Z‡Q, Avi Zvnv‡K †PbvB hvq bv, A_P GB
†`nUv‡K AvkÖq Kwiqv KZ Avkv, KZ AvKv¸¶v, KZ fq, KZ fvebvB bv wQj| †Kv_vq †Kv_vq †Mj? GK wbwg‡l †Kv_vq Aš@wn©Z
nBj? Z‡e Zvi `vg? gwi‡ZB ev KZ¶Y jv‡M?
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  160

K. †Lqv‡b․KvMy‡jv †Kv_vq G‡m †j‡M‡Q? 1

L. ÒGwkwiqv ay‡jv AvR †ewejb QvB n‡q Av‡QÓÑ †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K †h welqwU D‡V G‡m‡Q Zvi mv‡_ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi m¤“”Y© fve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
7| DÏxcK (i) : Avgiv bB-†Zv fxi‚i RvZ
†`e bv‡Kv n‡Z †`k †envZ
AvR‡K bv hw` nvwb AvNvZ
`yl‡e fvex mgvR|
DÏxcK (ii) : G wek^‡K G wkïi evm‡hvM¨ K‡i hve Avwg
beRvZ‡Ki Kv‡Q G Avgvi `„p A½xKvi|
Ae‡k‡l me KvR †m‡i
Avgvi †`‡ni i‡³ bZzb wkï‡K
K‡i hve Avkxe©v`
Zvici ne BwZnvm|
K. †Kvb cwÎKvq e½eÜy‡K ÔivRbxwZi KweÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨v †`Iqv nq? 1
L. ÔKwei wei‚‡× KweÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxcK (i)Gi welqe¯‘ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`K‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii)Gi KweZv Ges Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZv Dfq †¶‡ÎB fwel¨r cÖR‡š§i D‡Ï‡k¨
Kwe؇qi fvebv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|Ñ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| gv‡Mv fvebv †Kb?
Avgiv †Zvgvi kvwš@wcÖq kvš@ †Q‡j|
Zey k΂ G‡j A¯¿ nv‡Z ai‡Z Rvwb|
†Zvgvi fq †bB gv
Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb|
K. PvwPi gy‡L †Kvb kãwU ï‡b eyav †nuvPU Lvq? 1
L. ÔkÖveY gv‡mi cÖej e„wó Ii `yB †PvL †e‡q Mov‡Z _v‡KÓÑ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kvš@ †Q‡j‡`i mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mvgÄm¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ †_‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ AviI e¨vcK|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
9| gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j G †`‡ki myweavev`x wKQz gvbyl cvKevwnbxi mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡q AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq wb‡Ri fvB‡qi Ici| A_P Abv_
wK‡kviwUI †mw`b hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡owQj †`k‡K k΂gy³ Kivi Rb¨|
K. webyi nvwm‡K Kx‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1
L. ÔAvgiv wZbRb bB, GKRb|ÕÑ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ ÔAbv_© wK‡kviÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ myweavev`x gvbyl‡`i ¯^iƒc we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| 7g †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x †ivwRbv| Zvi `wi`ª evev-gv Zv‡K we‡q w`‡Z Pvq, GKB MÖv‡gi cÂv‡kvaŸ© weËevb iwngywχbi mv‡_| wKš‘
†ivwRbvi GKK_v, †m gvby‡li evwo‡Z KvR K‡i n‡jI cov‡jLv K‡i AvÍwbf©ikxj n‡q Z‡eB we‡q Ki‡e| †g‡qi Ggb `„p
cÖwZÁv †`‡L evev-gv †g‡q‡K we‡q †`Iqvi wm×vš@ †_‡K m‡i Av‡m|
K. nv‡kg Avwj Kx‡mi e¨vemv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj? 1
L. ÔewncxiÕ K_¨fvlvq K_v e‡jb bv †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbvi evev-gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi •emv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbv‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi cÖwZiƒc ejv hvq wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ hyw³mn we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11| kvgxg †P․ayixi GK mgq wekvj kvb-kIKZ I cÖfvecÖwZcwË wQj| a‡b-R‡b cwic”Y© wQj †P․ayix evwo| wKš‘ A_© I bxwZ-
•bwZKZvi h_v_© e¨env‡ii Afve wQj| d‡j Kv‡ji cwiµgvq meB †kl n‡q hvq| GLb ïay †P․ayix bvgUvB Aewkó i‡q‡Q|
K. ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU cÖ_g KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq? 1
L. †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kvgxg †P․ayix ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y© e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mgMÖ fve‡K aviY Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|ÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  161

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j iwdK evev-gv‡qi AbygwZ wb‡q, gv-gvwU‡K nvbv`vigy³ Kivi j‡¶¨ †Mwijvevwnbx‡Z †hvM †`q| fv‡M¨i
Kx wbg©g cwinvi! 12 b‡f¤^i cvKevwnbxi nv‡Z aiv c‡o †m Ges cÖPÊ wbh©vZ‡b kwn` nq|
K. 1971 mv‡ji 10B †g Kx evi wQj? 1
L. Ò`‡j `‡j †jvK ÔRq evsjvÕ aŸwb Zz‡j iv¯@vq †ewi‡q c‡o‡Q KviwdD D‡c¶v K‡i|ÓÑ †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi cÖwZdwjZ w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi GKgvÎ w`K bq|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h 1971 mv‡ji 10B †g †mvgevi wQj|
i evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× cvwK¯@vwb Avwg© AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡e, GK_v ï‡b `‡j `‡j †jvK iv¯@vq ÔRq evsjvÕ aŸwb Zz‡j †ei n‡qwQj|
1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤^‡ii NUbv| `ycyi †_‡K mviv kn‡i wQj fxlY PvÂj¨ Avi D‡ËRbvq fiv| mevi gy‡L gy‡L GKB K_vÑ cvwK¯@vwb
†mbviv, wenvwiiv mevB cvjv‡‛Q| we‡K‡jB AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡e cvwK¯@vwb †mbviv| G Kvi‡Y Avb‡›` D‡ËRbvq KviwdD D‡c¶v K‡i `‡j
`‡j †jvK ÔRq evsjvÕ aŸwb Zz‡j iv¯@vq †ei nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× cvwK¯@vwb Avwg© AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡e, GK_v ï‡b `‡j `‡j †jvK iv¯@vq ÔRq evsjvÕ aŸwb Zz‡j †ei
n‡qwQj|
j DÏxc‡Ki iwd‡Ki gv‡S ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi i‚gxi Ab¨vq kvmb Avi †kvl‡Yi wei‚‡× RxebevwR †i‡L cÖwZev`x Av‡›`vjb
M‡o †Zvjvi w`KwU‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi i‚gx cÖwZev`x I Av‡cvmnxb PwiÎ| 1971 mv‡j cvKevwnbx evOvwj‡`i Ici Ab¨vqfv‡e hy× Pvwc‡q w`‡j i‚gx
N‡i Pzc K‡i e‡m _v‡Kwb| †`k euvPv‡Z, †`‡ki RbMY‡K euvPv‡Z wb‡Ri RxebevwR †i‡L hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e i‚gx
cvKevwnbxi nv‡Z aiv c‡o| hw`I gvwm© wcwUkb Ki‡j i‚gx Qvo †cZ ZeyI `„p g‡bvej I AvÍgh©v`vi Kvi‡Y gvwm© wcwUkb K‡iwb|
wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K evwR †i‡L †`‡ki Rb¨ Av‡cvmnxb cÖwZev` K‡i †M‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki iwdK †`‡ki Rb¨, gv-gvwU‡K nvbv`vigy³ Kivi †Mwijvevwnbx‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i| †mI `yf©vM¨µ‡g 12B b‡f¤^i cvKnvbv`vi‡`i
nv‡Z aiv c‡o| cÖPÊ wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j †mI kwn` nq| DÏxc‡Ki iwdK Ges ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi i‚gx Dfq Pwi‡Îi gv‡S
Av‡cvmnxb cÖwZev`x PwiÎ j¶ Kiv hvq| †`k I †`‡ki gvbyl‡K nvbv`vigy³ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Ri RxebevwR †i‡L hy× K‡i knx` nq|
ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki iwd‡Ki gv‡S ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi i‚gx Pwi‡Îi cÖwZev`x w`KwUi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki iwd‡Ki gv‡S ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi i‚gxi Ab¨vq kvmb Avi †kvl‡Yi wei‚‡× RxebevwR †i‡L cÖwZev`x Av‡›`vjb
M‡o †Zvjvi w`KwU‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|
k ÒDÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi GKgvÎ w`K bq|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi gyw³hy× wb‡q ¯§„wZPviYg”jK iPbv| †jwLKv gyw³hy‡× Zvi mš@vb i‚gx‡K nvwi‡q‡Qb Ges Zv‡K
euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ nvbv`vi evwnbxi Kv‡Q ¶gv cÖv_©bv K‡i AvÍgh©v`v ¶zYœ K‡ibwb| GQvovI ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q
cvKevwnbxi AZwK©Z nvgjvq XvKvi bMiRxe‡bi wek„¸Lj n‡q cov Ges mviv †`‡k nZ¨vhÁ Pvjv‡bvi K_v| wkï-wK‡kv‡iiv ¯‥z‡j †h‡Z
bv PvB‡jI Iiv †Rvi K‡i ¯‥zj-K‡jR †Lvjv iv‡L Ges †eZv‡i-wUwf‡Z weL¨vZ e¨w³‡`i wee„wZ †`Iqvi gg©š‘` I `ywe©ln weeiY cÖPvi
Kiv nq|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j iwdK gv-evevi AbygwZ wb‡q †Mwijvevwnbx‡Z †hvM †`b| †`k-gvZ…Kv‡K nvbv`vigy³ Kivi Rb¨
hy× Ki‡Z wM‡q cvKevwnbxi Kv‡Q aiv c‡o| Zv‡K cÖPÊ wbh©vZb K‡i| Ae‡k‡l †m kwn` nq|
DÏxc‡KI gyw³hy‡×i K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| i‚gxi g‡Zv DÏxc‡Ki iwdKI hy× Ki‡Z wM‡q kwn` nq| wKš‘ ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq
Gi evB‡iI GKvwaK welq Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q, hv DÏxc‡K †bB| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi
GKgvÎ w`K bq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÒDÏxc‡K ewY©Z w`KwUB ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi GKgvÎ w`K bq|Ó
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  162

cÖkœ  02 evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ cÖevj Øxc †m›UgvwU©b| hvi †m․›`‡h©i eY©bv KLbI Pv¶zl bv †`‡L †evSv‡bv m¤¢e bq| Øx‡ci †hw`‡K
†PvL hvq ïay bxj Avi bxj| AvKvk Avi mgy‡`ªi bxj GLv‡b wg‡jwg‡k GKvKvi| ZvB‡Zv wekvj c„w_exi ey‡K †m›UgvwU©b †hb GKLÊ
¯^M©| K_vMy‡jv e‡jwQj, evOvwj †Q‡j Zvbfxi Zvi Rvcvwb eÜy †Rgm‡K|
K. Ave`yi ingv‡bi D‛PZv KZ? 1
L. †jLK Ô_Õ n‡q `uvwo‡q iB‡jb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi LÊvsk cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Ave`yi ingv‡bi D‛PZv Qq dzU Pvi BwÂ|
i †jL‡Ki Rb¨ ivLv †Uwe‡j AwZwi³ Lvevi †`‡L †jLK _ †g‡i `uvwo‡q iB‡jb|
†jL‡Ki cvPK Ave`yi ingvb| wZwb iv‡Z Lvev‡ii †Uwe‡j G‡m †`L‡jb †h, †mLv‡b GZ cwigvY Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, †mB
Lvevi Qq R‡b †L‡qI †kl Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| `y¤^vi gvsm, †KvcZv-†cvjvI, kvgx Kveve, gyiwMi †iv÷mn AviI A‡bK Lvevi †mLv‡b ivLv
Av‡Q| †mRb¨ †jLK _ †g‡i `uvwo‡q iB‡jb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : †jL‡Ki Rb¨ ivLv †Uwe‡j AwZwi³ Lvevi †`‡L †jLK _ †g‡i `uvwo‡q iB‡jb|

j DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z cÖKvwkZ AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ eY©bvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
åg‡Y Avb›` Dc‡fv‡Mi cvkvcvwk A‡bK wKQz Rvbv hvq| Avi ARvbv‡K Rvbvi †K․Z”nj gvby‡li wPiš@b cÖe„wË| GRb¨ we‡k¦i GK cÖvš@
†_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡š@ Ny‡i †eovq ågYwccvmy gvbyl| wewfbœ RvqMv ågY K‡i Rvb‡Z cv‡i †mLvbKvi †f․‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb, cÖvK…wZK `„k¨,
gvby‡li AvPvi-AvPiY, ms¯‥…wZ, BwZnvm-HwZn¨ BZ¨vw` m¤“‡K©|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ cÖevj Øxc †m›UgvwU©‡bi cÖvK…wZK †m․›`h© m¤“‡K©| †m›UgvwU©b Øx‡ci †hw`‡K ZvKv‡bv hvq ïay
bxj Avi bxj| G †hb c„w_exi ey‡K GKLÊ ¯^M©| Rvcvwb eÜy †Rg‡mi Kv‡Q Zvi †`‡ki K_v Zvbfxi Gfv‡eB Zz‡j a‡i‡Q| ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ
ågYKvwnwb‡ZI †jLK AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi g‡bvig `„k¨ Ae‡jvKb K‡i‡Qb Ges bvbv iKg cwiw¯’wZi K_v eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi †f․‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb, †mLvbKvi cÖvK…wZK `„k¨, gvby‡li AvwZ‡_qZv BZ¨vw` wel‡qi K_v †jLK e‡j‡Qb| ZvB ejv hvq
†h, DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z cÖKvwkZ AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ eY©bvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z cÖKvwkZ AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK `„k¨ eY©bvi m‡½ mv`„k¨c”Y©|

k ÒDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi LÊvsk gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|

ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z AwZw_civqYZvi m‡½ AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi cÖK…wZ-cwi‡e‡ki cwiPq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| we‡`wk AwZw_i cÖwZ †Kgb
AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e †m ixwZI GLv‡b wea„Z n‡q‡Q| GQvov Ave`yi ingv‡bi bgªZv, mijZv, †`k‡cÖg I Kg©¯“„nv G KvwnwbwU‡K GKwU
wfbœ gvÎv w`‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡K GKwU cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k åg‡Yi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †`Lv hvq, †mbvR kxZKvjxb AeKvk cvq| G mgq †m evev-gv‡qi
mv‡_ †kicy‡i †eov‡Z hvq| GLv‡b †m meyR-k¨vgj cÖK…wZ Avi Mv‡iv cvnvo †`‡L gy» nq| Mv‡iv Avw`evmx‡`i my›`i e¨env‡i †m
Awff‚Z nq| †mLvbKvi •bmwM©K `„k¨vewj †`‡L Zvi †PvL Ryovq| AvdMvwb¯@v‡bI Ggb `„k¨vewj we`¨gvb|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi welqe¯‘ DÏx‡Ki Zzjbvq e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| GLv‡b †jLK wewfbœ †`k åg‡Yi gva¨‡g †mB †`‡ki gvby‡li
AvPvi-e¨envi, mf¨Zv I ms¯‥…wZ m¤“‡K© ÁvbvR©‡bi K_v e‡j‡Qb| hv DÏxc‡K D‡jÐL †bB| wewfbœ †`k ev AÂj åg‡Yi gva¨‡g
†mLvbKvi cÖvK…wZK †m․›`h©, gvby‡li e¨envi m¤“‡K© Rvbv hvq| hv DÏxc‡K Ges Av‡jvP¨ ågY Kvwnwb‡Z j¶Yxq| G Kvwnwb‡Z
AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi f‚wg, AvenvIqv, cvbwki cwi‡ek BZ¨vw` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| hv DÏxc‡K ewY©Z nqwb| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki
welqe¯‘ Av‡jvP¨ ågYKvwnwbi LÊvsk gvÎ, cy‡ivcywi bq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi LÊvsk‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ  03 wK‡kvix iv‡eqv wkDwj †eM‡gi evmvq wS‡qi KvR K‡i| gvm †k‡l mvgvb¨ †eZb cvq †m| evmvi mKj KvRB K‡i †m| Zey
mvgvb¨ fzj n‡jB iv‡eqvi Ici P‡j AK_¨ wbh©vZb|
K. ggZvw`i †Q‡ji eqm KZ? 1
L. Ô†m †hb Qvqvgqx gvbexÕÑ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iv‡eqvi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i •emv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. M„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li cÖwZ AvPiY wkDwj †eMg bq, ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎxi g‡Zv nIqv evÃbxq|Ñ gš@e¨wU wePvi
K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  163

3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

h ggZvw`i †Q‡ji eqm cuvP eQi|
i ggZvw`i cÖ_g w`‡Ki kãnxb, Abyf‚wZnxb, wbwe©Kvi AvPiY j¶ K‡i †LvKvi g‡b n‡q‡Q, ggZvw` †hb Qvqvgqx gvbex|
†LvKv ggZvw`i m‡½ fve Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| wKš‘ cÖ_g w`b Kv‡R G‡m ggZvw` mevB‡K D‡c¶v K‡i Pjj| ggZvw` KvRMy‡jv‡K Avcb
K‡i wbj, gvbylMy‡jvi w`‡K wd‡iI †`Lj bv| ggZvw` Zvi AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y †LvKvi aiv-†Quvqvi AZxZ n‡q _vKj| Avi ggZvw`i Ggb
kãnxb, Abyf‚wZnxb, wbwe©Kvi AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y †LvKvi g‡b n‡jv ggZvw` †hb ÔQvqvgqx gvbexÕ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ggZvw` bxie kãnxb n‡q mKj KvR Kivq Zv‡K ÔQvqvgqx gvbexÕ ejv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki iv‡eqvi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i •emv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡‛Q MíK_Kmn evwoi mevB Avcb n‡q hvIqv|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ggZvw` msmv‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡b eva¨ n‡q MíK_‡Ki evwo‡Z wS‡qi KvR K‡i| bvbv k¼vi g‡a¨ †_‡K †m Zvi KvR
wbcyYfv‡e m¤“bœ K‡i| Zvi Kv‡R MíK_Kmn mevB cÖksmv K‡i Ges †m․nv`©c”Y© AvPiY K‡i| M‡íi M„nKÎx© Zv‡K evwoi Kv‡Ri gvbyl
bv †f‡e wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii GKRb m`m¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wK‡kvix iv‡eqv wkDwj †eM‡gi evmvq wS‡qi KvR K‡i| evmvi mKj KvR Zv‡K Ki‡Z nq| Zey mvgvb¨ fzj n‡j evwoi
M„nKÎx© iv‡eqv‡K bvbv wbh©vZb K‡i| ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ggZvw`I A‡b¨i evmvq wS‡qi KvR K‡i| ggZvw`‡K evwoi mevB Avcb K‡i
wb‡q‡Q| Zv‡K cwiev‡ii m`m¨ g‡b K‡i mevB| Aci w`‡K DÏxc‡Ki iv‡eqv mvivw`b bvbv KvR K‡iI M„nKÎx©i AK_¨ wbh©vZ‡bi
wkKvi nq| ZvB ejv hvq, evwoi mevi mv‡_ Avcb n‡q hvIqvi w`KwUi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki wK‡kvix iv‡eqv Ges ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i
•emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki iv‡eqvi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i •emv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡‛Q MíK_Kmn evwoi mevB Avcb n‡q hvIqv|
k ÔM„nK‡g© wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li cÖwZ AvPiY wkDwj †eMg bq, ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i g‡Zv nIqv evÃbxq|ÕÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
hviv A‡b¨i evwo‡Z KvR K‡i Zviv M„nKg©x| Zviv Afv‡ei Zvobvq A‡b¨i evwo‡Z wS‡qi KvR K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ fv‡M¨i wbg©g cwinvm
†mme M„nKg©x evwoi M„nKZ©v wKsev MÖnKΩxi Øviv wbg©g wbh©vZb I AZ¨vPv‡ii wkKvi nq|
DÏxc‡Ki M„nKÎx© wkDwj †eMg †Zgb GKwU PwiÎ, †h wKbv M„nKgx© iv‡eqv‡K wewfbœfv‡e AK_¨ wbh©vZb K‡i _v‡K| hš¿Yv mn¨ K‡i
evwoi mg¯@ KvR K‡i _vKvi ciI Zv‡K Zvi Dchy³ gh©v`v †`Iqv nq bv|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ggZvw`i M„nKÎx© ggZvw`i Kv‡Ri cÖksmv K‡i, Zvi KvR‡K cQ›` K‡i| ggZvw`i cÖZ¨vkvi †P‡q †ewk gvB‡b wba©vwiZ
n‡q hvq evwoi M„nKÎx©i gvbweK My‡Yi Kvi‡Y| ggZvw`‡K evwoi mevB Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii GKRb m`m¨ g‡b K‡i @vi m‡½ †Zgb
AvPiY K‡i _v‡K| Aci w`‡K DÏxc‡K ewY©Z iv‡eqv M„nKÎx©i evmvq mg¯@ KvR K‡i †`Iqvi ciI Zv‡K bvbv ai‡bi Mvjg›`,
wbh©vZb mn¨ Ki‡Z nq| DÏxc‡Ki M„nKΩxi mv‡_ ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i gvbweKMZ AvPi‡Yi •emv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv hvq| DÏxc‡Ki
M„nKÎx© wkDwj †eMg hw` ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i g‡Zv gvbweK MyYm¤“bœ gvbyl n‡Zv Zvn‡j wK‡kvix iv‡eqv‡K G‡Zv wbh©vZb mn¨
Ki‡Z n‡Zv bv| ZvB ejv hvq †h, M„nKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li cÖwZ AvPiY wkDwj †eMg bq, eis ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i AvPi‡Yi
g‡Zv nIqvB evÃbxq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : M„nKv‡R wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li cÖwZ AvPiY wkDwj †eMg bq, eis ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i AvPi‡Yi g‡Zv nIqvB evÃbxq|
cÖkœ  04 GKevi cv‡Lvg bvgK GK e¨w³‡K GUv my‡hvM †`Iqv n‡jv, mܨvi Av‡M †h mxgvbvUzKz †m Ny‡i Avm‡Z cvi‡e, †mB cy‡iv
RwgUvB Zvi n‡e| kZ©vbymv‡i †m †`․ov‡Z ïi‚ Kij| hLb cÖvq mܨv ZLb †m †`‡L, †h RvqMv †_‡K †m iIqvbv w`‡qwQj Zvi av‡i
Kv‡QI †m Avm‡Z cv‡iwb| eis cÖPÊ †Zóv Avi K¬vwš@ wb‡qB Zvi g„Zz¨ nq|
K. wk¶vi Avmj KvR Kx? 1
L. †jdvdv`yiw¯@ Avi wk¶v GK K_v bq †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Ôcv‡LvgÕ PwiÎ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`K‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òcv‡Lv‡gi g‡Zv †jvK‡`i gvbwmKZv cwieZ©bB Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki g”j D‡Ïk¨|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi mZ¨Zv hvPvB
K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h wk¶vi Avmj KvR g”j¨‡eva m„wó Kiv|
i Ô†jdvdv`yiw¯@ Avi wk¶v GK K_v bq|ÕÑ KviY `ywU welq ci¯“iwe‡ivax|
Ô†jdvdv`yiw¯@Õ n‡jv evB‡ii w`K †_‡K ΂wUnxb wKš‘ †fZ‡i cÖZviYv| †jdvdv`yiw¯@i gva¨‡g gvbyl †Kej evwn¨K welq m¤“‡K© wKQy
aviYv †c‡Z cv‡i, gbyl¨‡jv‡Ki mÜvb cvq bv| Avi wk¶vi Avmj KvR n‡jv g”j¨‡eva m„wó Kiv, Ávb cwi‡ekb Kiv bq| wk¶vi
gva¨‡g gbyl¨Z¡ jvf K‡i gvbyl cÖK…Z gvbyl n‡q I‡V| wk¶v gvbyl‡K gyw³i mÜvb †`q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : wk¶vi cÖK…Z gg©evYx‡K ü`‡q aviY Kiv Ges ewniv‡½ cwicvwU n‡q wkw¶Z nIqv GK welq bq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  164

j DÏxc‡Ki Ôcv‡LvgÕ PwiÎ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi RxemËv A_©vr A_©-wPš@vi d‡j †jvfx gvby‡li AvwÍK g„Zz¨ NUvi w`KwU‡K ¯§iY
Kwi‡q †`q|
wk¶vi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ gbyl¨Z¡ AR©b Kiv| wk¶v gvbyl‡K A_©wPš@vi wbMo †_‡K gyw³ w`‡q Rxeb‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z †kLvq| wKš‘ mgv‡Ri
†ewkifvM gvbyl A_©wPš@vi wbM‡o gMœ _v‡K| Zv‡`i wfZ‡i †jvfx mËvi RvMiY N‡U| Zv‡`i Aš@‡i evwn‡i aŸwbZ n‡Z _v‡K PvB, PvB,
AviI PvB| GB †jvfx gvby‡li AvwÍK g„Zz¨ NUvi d‡j Zv‡`i Abyf‚wZ dZzi n‡q c‡o|
DÏxc‡Ki Ôcv‡LvgÕ bvgK e¨w³wUi Kv‡Q my‡hvM G‡m‡Q †h, †m mvivw`b †`․‡o hZUzKz Rwg jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e ZZUzKz Zvi n‡q hv‡e| †m
AwaK †jv‡fi Avkvq Rxeb‡K wecbœ K‡i mܨv Aewa †`․ov‡Z _v‡K| Rwgi cÖwZ Zvi †jv‡fi GB gvbwmKZvi Kvi‡Y wb‡Ri g„Zy¨ wb‡RB
iPbv K‡i| Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK wVK †ZgbwUB †`wL‡q‡Qb †h, RxemËvi N‡i †_‡K A_©wPš@vq me©`v e¨¯@ _vK‡j gvbyl Zvi
†jvfx mËv‡K mseiY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j Zvi AvÍvi g„Zz¨ N‡U| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki cv‡Lv‡gi Ki‚Y cwiYwZ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ
cÖe‡Ü †`Lv‡bv †jv‡fi d‡j gvby‡li AvwÍK g„Zz¨i NUbvwU‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cv‡Lv‡gi Ki‚Y cwiYwZ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü †`Lv‡bv †jv‡fi d‡j gvby‡li AvwÍK g„Zz¨i NUbvwU‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q
†`q|
k Òcv‡Lv‡gi g‡Zv †jvK‡`i gvbwmKZv cwieZ©bB Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki g”j D‡Ïk¨|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
wk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü wk¶vi `ywU w`‡Ki K_v D‡jÐL Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi g‡a¨ AcÖ‡qvR‡bi w`K‡KB †kÖô w`K wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| KviY wk¶vi G w`KwUB gvbyl‡K gbyl¨Z¡‡jv‡Ki w`‡K avweZ K‡i| gbyl¨Z¡B gvby‡li cÖK…Z DbœwZi aviK|
DÏxc‡Ki cv‡Lvg Zvi Rxe‡b wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxq w`K‡K †ewk MyiyZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Abœe‡¯¿i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cvkvcvwk wejvmx
Rxe‡b gy» n‡q wk¶vi AcÖ‡qvRbxq w`K‡K MyiyZ¡nxb g‡b K‡ib| d‡j wZwb gbyl¨Z¡‡eva weewR©Z n‡q c‡ob Ges A_©m¤“`‡K my‡Li
Drm e‡j g‡b K‡ib|
DÏxc‡Ki cv‡Lv‡gi gvbwmKZvi cwieZ©‡b Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi wk¶v mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| cv‡Lvg‡K G K_v g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h,
wk¶vi AcÖ‡qvRbxq w`KB n‡jv †kÖô w`K| ZvB A_©wPš@vi w`‡K wb‡R‡K †Kej avweZ bv K‡i gbyl¨‡Z¡i weKvk NUv‡bv DwPZ| †Kbbv,
gvbemËvi weKvk NU‡j Abœe‡¯¿i mgvavb nq| ZvQvov A_©m¤“` gvbyl‡K KL‡bv cÖK…Z myL w`‡Z cv‡i bv| G welqMy‡jv cÖe‡Ü DcRxe¨ n‡q
D‡V‡Q weavq ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki cv‡Lv‡gi g‡Zv †jvK‡`i gvbwmKZv cwieZ©bB Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨ZÕ¡ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki g”j D‡Ïk¨|
Dˇii g”jK_v : cv‡Lv‡gi g‡Zv †jv‡Kiv wk¶vi g”j gg©evYx‡K ü`‡q aviY Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| ZvB Zviv A‣bwZK K‡g© iZ nb|
cÖkœ  05 eûw`b c‡i g‡b c‡o AvwR cwjÐgv‡qi †Kvj;
SvDkv‡L †h_v ebjZv euvwa ni‡l †L‡qwQ †`vj;
Kz‡ji KuvUvi AvNvZ mwnqv KuvPvcvKv Kzj †L‡q
Ag„‡Zi ¯^v` †hb jwfqvwQ Muv‡qi `yjvwj †g‡q|
K. m‡b‡Ui ló‡K Kx _v‡K? 1
L. ÔRyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡bÕ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g”jmyi Awfbœ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h m‡b‡Ui ló‡K _v‡K fv‡ei cwiYwZ|
i ÔRyovB G Kvb Avwg åvwš@i Qj‡bÕ ej‡Z Kwe Avkvi Qjbvq wb‡Ri gb‡K Z…ß Kivi K_v eywS‡q‡Qb|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwe mybvg AR©‡bi Avkvq wbR †`k I †`‡ki ms¯‥…wZ cwiZ¨vM K‡i my`”i d«v‡Ý P‡j wM‡q‡Qb| cÖevmRxe‡b
gvZ…f”wg I gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Zuvi Zxeª AvKl©Y Abyf‚Z nq| G mgq wZwb K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i cÖwZ ¯§„wZKvZi n‡q e¨vKzj c‡ob| Abyf ”wZi
Mfx‡i K‡cvZv¶‡K ¯’vb †`b e‡j Kwei g‡b nq wZwb †hb †m b`xi KjaŸwb ïb‡Qb| cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³i gva¨‡g Kwe wb‡Ri AvZ¥Z…wßi
welqwU‡KB eywS‡q‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : †`‡ki cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmvi Kvi‡Y cÖev‡m †_‡KI Kíbvq †`‡ki ¯§„wZweRwoZ K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i KjKj aŸwb Kweg‡b cÖkvwš@ G‡b
w`‡q‡Q| Avi G w`KwU †evSv‡ZB Kwe Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡ki mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi Kwei •kk‡ei ¯§„wZKvZiZvi w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
gvB‡Kj gaym”`b `Ë L¨vwZi †gv‡n Av‛Qbœ n‡q cÖevmx n‡jI •kk‡ei ¯§„wZ‡Niv K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K fy‡j _vK‡Z cv‡ibwb| G b` Kwe‡K
Abb¨ fv‡jvevmvq wm³ K‡i‡Q, gv‡qi †mœn‡Wv‡i †eu‡a Zuvi •kke¯§„wZ RvMÖZ K‡i‡Q| ZvB‡Zv fv‡jvevmv cÖZ¨vkx Kwe GB b‡`i
†mœnavivq wg‡k wd‡i Avm‡Z Pvb Zuvi wcÖq Rb¥f‚wg‡Z|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k Kwei ¯§„wZKvZiZvi gva¨‡g Avengvb MÖvgevsjvi iƒc wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q| SvDMvQ, ebjZv, SvD‡qi kv‡L ebjZv †eu‡a
†`vj LvIqv cÖf„wZ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Kwe †hgb Zuvi MÖvgxY Ave‡n KvUv‡bv •kk‡ei ¯§„wZKvZi †Zgwb gvB‡Kj gaym”`b `Ë cif‚‡g
¯§„wZKvZi n‡q c‡ob| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k wea„Z KweZvskwU ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi ¯§„wZKvZiZvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Kwe †hgb Zuvi MÖvgxY Ave‡n KvUv‡bv •kk‡ei ¯§„wZKvZi †Zgwb gvB‡Kj gaym”`b `Ë cif‚‡g ¯§„wZKvZi n‡q c‡ob|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  165

k ÒDÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g”jmyi Awfbœ|ÓÑgš@e¨wU cwjÐ-cÖK…wZ I Rš§f‚wgcÖxwZi w`K †_‡K h_v_©|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avei‡Y Zvi AZz¨¾¡j †`k‡cÖg cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| •kk‡e Kwe Zvi Rš§f‚wg mvMi`uvwo MÖv‡gi
cvk w`‡q e‡q hvIqv K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i ZxieZx© cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k †e‡o D‡V‡Qb| d«v‡Ý emevmKv‡j GB ¯§„wZ wZwb fzj‡Z cv‡ibwb| `”i
†`‡k e‡mI wZwb †hb ¯^‡`‡ki K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i KjKj aŸwb ïb‡Z cvb| A‡bK b`x †`‡L‡Qb, wKš‘ Rš§f‚wgi GB b‡`i g‡Zv †ønv`i
Avi †Kv_vI cvbwb, Zv‡K Avi †Kv‡bv b`xB G‡Zv †gvnbxq cik w`‡Z cv‡iwb|
DÏxc‡KI cwjÐcÖK…wZ I ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Kwei •kk‡ei ¯§„wZ g‡b c‡o, g‡b c‡o cwjÐRbbxi †øngq
†Kv‡ji K_v| †hLv‡b SvDe‡bi kvLv Avi ebjZv GK‡Î †`vj Lvq| g‡b c‡o Kzj †L‡Z wM‡q KuvUvi AvNvZ cvIqvi K_v|
Dchy©³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki †m․nv`©c”Y© †øngvqvgq MÖvg Ges ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq ewY©Z †ønc”Y© MÖv‡gi
cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek I b`x‡Kw›`ªK ¯§„wZ ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡giB ewntcÖKvk| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡K †h fvewU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv †hb
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZviB g”jmyi|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avei‡Y AZz¨¾¡j †`k‡cÖg DÏxcK I ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g”jmyi Awfbœ|
cÖkœ  06 Kvj †h wQj AvR †m bvB; AvRI †h wQj, ZvnviI H bk^i †`nUv ax‡i ax‡i f¯§mvr nB‡Z‡Q, Avi Zvnv‡K †PbvB hvq bv,
A_P GB †`nUv‡K AvkÖq Kwiqv KZ Avkv, KZ AvKv¸¶v, KZ fq, KZ fvebvB bv wQj| †Kv_vq †Kv_vq †Mj? GK wbwg‡l †Kv_vq
Aš@wn©Z nBj? Z‡e Zvi `vg? gwi‡ZB ev KZ¶Y jv‡M?
K. †Lqv‡b․KvMy‡jv †Kv_vq G‡m †j‡M‡Q? 1
L. ÒGwkwiqv ay‡jv AvR †ewejb QvB n‡q Av‡QÓÑ †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K †h welqwU D‡V G‡m‡Q Zvi mv‡_ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi m¤“”Y© fve cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvg‡Zi mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h †Lqv‡b․KvMy‡jv P‡ii Lye Kv‡Q G‡m †j‡M‡Q|
i mf¨Zvi bk¦iZv †evSv‡Z Kwe cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|
mf¨Zv bk¦i| gvby‡li Mov c„w_exi A‡bK mf¨ZvB AvR wejxb n‡q †M‡Q| Gwkwiqv I e¨vwejbxq mf¨Zv GLb aŸsm¯@”c Qvov wKQy bq;
wKš‘ cÖK…wZ Zvi Avcb iƒc-im-MÜ wb‡q wPiKvj cÖvYgq I Rxeš@ n‡q _v‡K| c„w_exi Adyiš@ †m․›`h© KL‡bv †kl nq bv| cÖkœvs‡k
Kwe gvbemf¨Zvi G Awbevh© weeZ©b‡K eywS‡q‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : mf¨Zvi bk¦iZv †evSv‡Z Kwe Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡K †h welqwU D‡V G‡m‡Q Zvi mv‡_ Ô†mB w`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ n‡jv gvby‡li giYkxjZv I mf¨Zvi bk¦iZv|
Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq ewY©Z, gvby‡li g„Zz¨ Av‡Q wKš‘ G RM‡Zi †m․›`‡h©i g„Zz¨ †bB| Kv‡ji AveZ©‡b gvbyl g„Zz¨i †Kv‡j X‡j c‡o|
gvby‡li •Zwi mf¨ZvI GK mgq wejxb n‡q hvq| †hfv‡e Gwkwiqv I †ewejb mf¨Zv aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq cÖK…wZi
wPiš@bZvi cvkvcvwk e¨w³ gvbyl I gvby‡li •Zwi mf¨Zvi bk¦iZvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
DÏxc‡K gvbyl I gvby‡li •Zwi mf¨Zvi bk¦iZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| gvbyl AgiYkxj bq| e¨w³ gvby‡li g„Zz¨ Av‡Q| gvbyl †hme mf¨Zv
M‡o Zz‡j †mMy‡jviI bk¦iZv i‡q‡Q| gvby‡li •Zwi weL¨vZ mf¨ZvMy‡jv AvR wejxb n‡q †M‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K †h welqwU D‡V
G‡m‡Q Zvi mv‡_ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ n‡jv gvby‡li giYkxjZv I mf¨Zvi bk¦iZv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K †h welqwU D‡V G‡m‡Q Zvi mv‡_ Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ n‡jv gvby‡li giYkxjZv I mf¨Zvi bk¦iZv|
k DÏxc‡K Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi m¤“”Y© fve cÖKvk cvqwb e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq Kwe cÖK…wZi wPiš@b ixwZbxwZ I kvk¦Z iƒ‡ci K_v e‡j‡Qb| G welqwUi cvkvcvwk Kwe e¨w³gvby‡li
giYkxjZv I mf¨Zvi bk¦iZvi w`KwU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| e¨w³ gvby‡li g„Zz¨ n‡jI gvby‡li ¯^cœ wPiKvj †eu‡P _v‡K| cÖK…wZi ¯^vfvweK
Kg©Kv‡Êi Ici gvby‡li g„Zz¨i †Kv‡bv cÖfve c‡o bv| cÖK…wZ Zvi wbR¯^ wbq‡gB m`v Pjgvb _v‡K| Z‡e gvbe mf¨Zv c„w_ex‡Z Awebk¦i
bq| Kv‡ji AveZ©‡b mf¨Zv GK mgq wejxb n‡q hvq|
DÏxc‡K gvby‡li bk¦iZvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| KviY gvbyl †Kv‡bv AgiYkxj cÖvYx bq| gvby‡li g„Zz¨ AeavwiZ| gvby‡li Rxeb AZ¨š@
¶Y¯’vqx| Kvj †h wQj AvR †m †bB wKsev AvR †h Av‡Q AvMvgx Kvj †m nq‡Zv _vK‡e bv| Gfv‡eB gvbyl GKw`b G c„w_ex †_‡K we`vq
†b‡e| gvby‡li Hk¦h©-cÖfve I cÖwZcwË mewKQyB †kl n‡q hv‡e|
Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvq gvby‡li Rxeb I mf¨Zvi bk¦iZvi w`KwU ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Avi G w`KwU DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘i mv‡_ m½wZc”Y©|
wKš‘ G welqwU QvovI Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq cÖK…wZi wPiš@bZv I kvk¦Z iƒc wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q| hv DÏxc‡Ki g‡a¨ Abycw¯’Z| Avi G `„wó‡KvY
†_‡K DÏxcKwU Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi mgMÖ fve‡K aviY Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| ZvB Avwg g‡b Kwi DÏxc‡K Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi m¤“”Y©
fve cÖKvk cvqwb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi m¤“”Y© fve cÖKvk cvqwb e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  166

cÖkœ  07 DÏxcK (i) : Avgiv bB-†Zv fxi‚i RvZ

†`e bv‡Kv n‡Z †`k †envZ
AvR‡K bv hw` nvwb AvNvZ
`yl‡e fvex mgvR|
DÏxcK (ii) : G wek^‡K G wkïi evm‡hvM¨ K‡i hve Avwg
beRvZ‡Ki Kv‡Q G Avgvi `„p A½xKvi|
Ae‡k‡l me KvR †m‡i
Avgvi †`‡ni i‡³ bZzb wkï‡K
K‡i hve Avkxe©v`
Zvici ne BwZnvm|
K. †Kvb cwÎKvq e½eÜy‡K ÔivRbxwZi KweÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨v †`Iqv nq? 1
L. ÔKwei wei‚‡× KweÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxcK (i)Gi welqe¯‘ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`K‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcK (ii)Gi KweZv Ges Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZv Dfq †¶‡ÎB fwel¨r cÖR‡š§i D‡Ï‡k¨
Kwe؇qi fvebv cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|Ñ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi ÔwbDRDBKÕ cwÎKvq e½eÜy‡K ÔivRbxwZi KweÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨v †`Iqv nq|
i ÔKwei wei‚‡× KweÕ ej‡Z ïf kw³i wei‚‡× Aïf kw³i DÌvb‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕÑ KweZvq Kwe e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 1971 mv‡ji 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi g”j welqwU Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb| GB fvl‡YB wZwb cvwK¯@vwb •¯^ikvm‡bi wbMo †_‡K evOvwj RvwZi gyw³ I ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi WvK †`b| Zuvi GB fvl‡Yi ga¨
w`‡q m”wPZ nq Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ ev¯@evqb I gnvb gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q covi msMÖvgx †PZbv| evOvwji wkKo †_‡K †R‡M IVv GB
msMÖvgx †bZv‡K Kwe ÔivRbxwZi KweÕ e‡j‡Qb| Zuvi g„Zz¨i ci G‡`‡k Aïf kw³i DÌvb N‡U| †h DÌv‡b me BwZevPK fvebv I †m․›`h©‡K
mgvwnZ Kivi cÖqvm P‡j| ZvB ïf †PZbvi wei‚‡× AvR Aïf †PZbvi DÌvb‡K Kwe ÔKwei wei‚‡× KweÕ e‡j cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔKwei wei‚‡× KweÕ gv‡b ïf kw³i wei‚‡× Aïf kw³i DÌvb| GLv‡b ¯^vaxbZvi †PZbv‡K aŸsm Kivi m”² lohš¿‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxcK (i)Gi welqe¯‘ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq RbMY‡K wb‡R‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡q ¯^‡`k‡K kÎygy³
Kivi w`KwU wb‡`©k K‡i|
¯^vaxbZv I †`k‡cÖ‡gi Aby‡cÖiYvq RvwZ‡K D`&ey× Ki‡Z e½eÜy 7B gv‡P©i HwZnvwmK fvlY †`b| †mw`b j¶ RbZvi mvg‡b
cvwK¯@vb •¯^ikvm‡bi Kej †_‡K G‡`k gy³ Ki‡Z Ges evOvwj‡K AwaKvi Av`v‡q `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvb|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, evOvwj fxZz ev fxi‚i RvZ bq| Zviv AwaKvi Av`v‡q e×cwiKi| cvKevwnbxi †kvlY AZ¨vPvi †_‡K gy³ n‡Z,
ewÂZiv Zv‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡q `ye©vi cÖwZev`x| Zviv hw` Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z bv cv‡i Z‡e Zv‡`i fvex cÖRš§ Zv‡`i wPiw`b
†`vlv‡ivc Ki‡e| Av‡jvP¨ DÏxc‡K e½eÜy wbh©vwZZ gvby‡li AwaKvi Av`v‡qi wel‡q m‡PZbZv •Zwi Kivi welqwU‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Q|
ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxcK Gi welqe¯‘ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq RbMY‡K wb‡R‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡qi
w`KwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK Gi welqe¯‘ Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq RbMY‡K wb‡R‡`i AwaKvi Av`v‡qi w`KwU‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
k DÏxcK (ii)Gi KweZv Ges Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZv Dfq †¶‡ÎB fwel¨r cÖRš§‡K mwVK †PZbvq GKvÍ
Kivi welqwU Kwe؇qi fvebvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
1971 mv‡ji 7B gvP© e½eÜy ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b j¶ j¶ gvby‡li mvg‡b eRªK‡É cvwK¯@vwb •¯^ikvm‡bi wbMo †_‡K evOvwj
RvwZi gyw³ I ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi WvK †`b| evOvwj RvwZ G msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g wQwb‡q G‡b‡Q Zv‡`i Kvw¸¶Z ¯^vaxbZv| KviY evOvwj ex‡ii
RvwZ| Avi AvMvgx cÖRb¥ hv‡Z gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ Zv‡`i gyw³hy‡×i mwVK BwZnvm Rvbvi my‡hvM K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕÑ KweZvi ga¨ w`‡q Kwe Avgv‡`i 1971 mv‡ji 7B gv‡P©i K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb|
e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY evOvwj RvwZ‡K GKÎ K‡iwQj| Rbmgy‡`ªi †Rvqvi †R‡MwQj †mw`b XvKvi †im‡Kvm©
gq`v‡b| MYm”‡h©i g Kuvwc‡q ivRbxwZi Kwe e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv‡_i g‡Zv `„ß cv‡q †nu‡U g‡Â G‡jb|
†kvbv‡jb evOvwji Avkvi evYx| Kwe †mB ¯§„wZ‡K AvMvgx cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ †i‡L †h‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q fwel¨r cÖR‡š§i Rb¨ GKwU my›`i emevm‡hvM¨ Avevmf‚wg cÖ`v‡bi K_v| GB emevm‡hvM¨ f‚wg •Zwi
Ki‡Z mKj cÖwZeÜKZv `”i K‡i my›`i AvMvgx w`‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Avi GRb¨ fwel¨r cÖRš§‡K mwVK w`K wb‡`©kbv w`‡q AvMvgxi
†`kMV‡b D`&ey× nIqvi Aby‡cÖiYvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvi KweI fwel¨r cÖRš§‡K mwVK
BwZnvm †R‡b †PZbv‡ev‡a GKvÍ _vKvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxcK (ii)Gi KweZv Ges Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e
Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZv Dfq †¶‡ÎB fwel¨r cÖRb¥‡K mwVK †PZbvq GKvÍ nIqvi welqwU Kwe؇qi fvebvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (ii)Gi KweZv Ges Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZv Dfq †¶‡ÎB fwel¨r cÖRš§‡K mwVK †PZbvq GKvÍ
Kivi welqwU Kwe؇qi fvebvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  167

cÖkœ  08 gv‡Mv fvebv †Kb?

Avgiv †Zvgvi kvwš@wcÖq kvš@ †Q‡j|
Zey k΂ G‡j A¯¿ nv‡Z ai‡Z Rvwb|
†Zvgvi fq †bB gv
Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb|
K. PvwPi gy‡L †Kvb kãwU ï‡b eyav †nuvPU Lvq? 1
L. ÔkÖveY gv‡mi cÖej e„wó Ii `yB †PvL †e‡q Mov‡Z _v‡KÓÑ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kvš@ †Q‡j‡`i mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mvgÄm¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ †_‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ AviI e¨vcK|ÓÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv wePvi K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h PvwPi gy‡L Ôgyw³Õ kãwU ï‡b eyav †nuvPU Lvq|
i ¯‥z‡ji ¯§„wZ g‡b covq eyav Av‡eMcÖeY n‡q c‡o, hv cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³‡Z dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
eyav GKw`b ¯‥zjN‡ii cvk w`‡q wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤“ †cqviv wb‡q hvq| gv-evevi g„Zz¨i ci Zvi ¯‥z‡j Avmv eÜ n‡q hvq| ¯‥zjRxe‡bi
bvbv ¯§„wZ Zvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †f‡m I‡V| eyav ZLb Av‡eMvcÐyZ n‡q c‡o| Zvi †Pv‡L cvwb G‡m hvq| †hb kÖveY gv‡mi e„wói avivi
g‡Zv A‡Sv‡i Zvi †PvL †_‡K AkÖ‚ Mwo‡q co‡Z _v‡K|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ¯‥z‡ji ¯§„wZ g‡b covq eyav Av‡eMcÖeY n‡q c‡o, hv cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki kvš@ †Q‡j‡`i mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gnvb gyw³hy‡× G †`‡ki mš@vb‡`i Suvwc‡q covi w`KwU mvgÄm¨c”Y©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m gyw³hy‡×i wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx evOvwj RvwZi Ici Suvwc‡q c‡owQj| Zviv
gvby‡li Ni-evwo R¡vwj‡q w`‡qwQj| wbwe©Pv‡i Zviv gvbyl‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQj| Zv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡ii cÖwZev`¯^iƒc evsjvi `vgvj †Q‡jiv
gyw³hy‡× Ask †bq| Rxeb evwR †i‡L Zviv k΂i mv‡_ jovB Ki‡Z _v‡K| †`‡ki gvwU‡K k΂gy³ Ki‡Z Zviv cÖvYcY hy× Pvwj‡q hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki evsjv gv‡qi †Q‡jiv AZ¨š@ kvš@ I kvwš@wcÖq| wKš‘ †`‡ki k΂‡`i cÖwZ AZ¨š@ cÖwZ‡kvacivqY| k΂ G‡j Zviv A¯¿ nv‡Z
wb‡q k΂i mv‡_ jovB Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z| Zviv g„Zz¨i f‡q fxZ bq| †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Zviv Rxeb evwR †i‡L hy× Ki‡e| Zv‡`i
msMÖvgx †PZbvi w`KwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gyw³hy‡× Ask †bIqv evsjvi exi mš@vb‡`i mv‡_B mv`„k¨c”Y©| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki
kvš@ †Q‡j‡`i mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gnvb gyw³hy‡× G‡`‡ki mš@vb‡`i Suvwc‡q covi w`KwUB g”jZ mvgÄm¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki kvš@ †Q‡j‡`i mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gnvb gyw³hy‡× G †`‡ki mš@vb‡`i Suvwc‡q covi w`KwU mvgÄm¨c”Y©|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ †_‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ AviI e¨vcK|ÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kvwnwb AZ¨š@ e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| GwU GKwU gyw³hy×wfwËK wK‡kvi Dcb¨vm| GKRb wK‡kvi Kxfv‡e
gyw³‡hv×v n‡q I‡V Zvi †bc‡_¨i Kvwnwb AZ¨š@ `¶Zvi mv‡_ wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡m| Z‡e gyw³hy‡×i eY©bvi cvkvcvwk
RxebNwbô AviI A‡bK wel‡qi AeZviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKwU mv_©K Dcb¨v‡m g”j Kvwnwbi cvkvcvwk cvwicvwk^©K Ae¯’vi wPÎ Zz‡j
ai‡Z nq| hvi BwZevPK weeiY ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m we`¨gvb|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q k΂i mv‡_ A¯¿ nv‡Z wb‡q cÖwZev` Kivi K_v| Zviv mvnmx I kvwš@wcÖq| †`k‡K Zviv gbcÖvY w`‡q fv‡jvev‡m|
Zviv mvg‡b AvMyqvb, †Kv‡bv fq †bB, †Kv‡bv evav‡K Zviv †Zvqv°v K‡i bv| gvZ…f‚wg‡K i¶v Ki‡Z Zviv e× cwiKi|
Dchy©³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †evSv hvq †h, DÏxc‡K cÖwZev`x Pwi‡Îi weeiY _vK‡jI Zv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q msw¶ß cwim‡i| Avi ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ
Dcb¨v‡mi gyw³hy‡×i weeiY wek` AvKv‡i wea„Z n‡q‡Q| A_©vr DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ wKQzUv _vK‡jI Df‡qi Kvwnwbi we¯@…wZ Ges NUbvi
bvbv Abyl‡½ cv_©K¨ j¶Yxq| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ †_‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ AviI e¨vcK I we¯@…Z|
Dˇii g”jK_v : NUbv I Kvwnwbi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ †_‡K ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ AviI e¨vcK I we¯@…Z|
cÖkœ  09 gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j G †`‡ki myweavev`x wKQz gvbyl cvKevwnbxi mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡q AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq wb‡Ri fvB‡qi Ici| A_P
Abv_ wK‡kviwUI †mw`b hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡owQj †`k‡K k΂gy³ Kivi Rb¨|
K. webyi nvwm‡K Kx‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1
L. ÔAvgiv wZbRb bB, GKRb|ÕÑ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ ÔAbv_© wK‡kviÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ myweavev`x gvbyl‡`i ¯^iƒc we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h webyi nvwm‡K we‡ji R‡ji †XD‡qi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
i cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi‡`i weiy‡× wb‡R‡`i GKZve× Ae¯’vi w`KwU †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ eyav‡K cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi eyavi MÖv‡g b„ksm nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| Zv‡`i Giƒc Kg©Kv‡Ê fxZ n‡q A‡b‡KB MÖvg †Q‡o Ab¨Î P‡j
hvq| Avi hviv GjvKvq †_‡K hvq, Zviv w`‡b w`‡b nvbv`vi‡`i wei‚‡× cÖwZev`x n‡q DV‡Z _v‡K| cÖKv‡k¨ cÖwZev` bv Ki‡jI g‡b g‡b
mevB GKB aviYv †cvlY Ki‡Z _v‡K| d‡j Dcb¨v‡mi eyav hLb †`vKv‡b Avwj I wgVyi m‡½ K_v e‡j, ZLb Zv‡`i wPš@v‡PZbvq GKB
fveaviv cÖKvk cvq| Avi GB †PZbvMZ HK¨e‡×i w`KwU †evSv‡bvi Rb¨B eyav‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔAvgiv wZb Rb bB, GKRb|Õ
Dˇii g”jK_v : †PZbvMZ HK¨e×Zvq Dw³wU dzwU‡q †Zvjv n‡q‡Q|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  168

j DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ ÔAbv_ wK‡kviÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv j¶cÖv‡Yi `vb| gyw³hy‡× evOvwjiv cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e Ask †bq| eû Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q ¯^vaxbZv AwR©Z nq| hv‡`i
i‡³i wewbg‡q AwR©Z n‡q‡Q G ¯^vaxbZv Zviv Avgv‡`i AnsKvi, Avgv‡`i Me©|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z gyw³hy‡× wKQz myweavev`x gvbyl cvKevwnbxi mv‡_ nvZ wgwj‡q wb‡Ri fvB‡qi Ici AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq| I‡`i AZ¨vPvi
†_‡K †`k‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨ Abv_ wK‡kviwU hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi wK‡kvi eyavI LyeB mvnmx| evev-gv,
fvB-†evb‡`i nvwi‡q †m GwZg I cwiRbnxb| gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j †m MÖv‡g †_‡K gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| ivRvKvi‡`i N‡i AvMyb
†`q| gvBb cuy‡Z wgwjUvwi‡`i evsKvi Dwo‡q †`q| Zvi GB mvnwmKZv I †`k‡cÖg DÏxc‡Ki wK‡kv‡ii gv‡SI weivRgvb| ZvB ejv hvq
†h, DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ ÔAbv_ wK‡kviÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi cÖwZiƒc|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ ÔAbv_ wK‡kviÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi cÖwZiƒc|
k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Avnv` gywÝ DÏxc‡K ewY©Z myweavev`x gvbyl‡`i Aš@fz©³|
gyw³hy× evOvwj RvwZi AnsKvi| 1971 mv‡j †`‡ki cÖvq me©¯@‡ii RbMY cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ wKQz
¯^v_©v‡š^lx wek¦vmNvZK †`k I RvwZi m‡½ †eBgvwb K‡i cvwK¯@vwb‡`i mnvqZv K‡i| evOvwji BwZnv‡m Giv N„wYZ I wbw›`Z|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q gyw³hy‡× cvKevwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡ii wPÎ| G‡`‡ki mvaviY gvby‡li Ici cvwK¯@vwb evwnbx wbg©g AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb
Pvjv‡j G‡`‡ki myweavev`x wKQz gvbyl cvKevwnbx‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| nvbv`vi evwnbxi m‡½ nvZ wgwj‡q wb‡Ri fvB‡qi Ici Pvjvq
AZ¨vPvi| ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Avnv` gywÝ †Zgwb GK myweavev`x PwiÎ| †m nvbv`vi evwnbxi m‡½ nvZ wgwj‡q Zvi ¯^v_© nvwmj K‡i
†bq Ges GjvKvq wewfbœ Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv K‡i| Avnv` gywÝB DÏxc‡Ki myweavev`x gvby‡li cÖwZwbwa| GivB 1971 mv‡j ivRvKvi,
Avje`i evwnbx MVb K‡i wbR †`‡ki gvbyl‡`i Ici wbh©vZb Pvjvq|
ZvB ejv hvq †h, ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Avnv` gywÝB DÏxc‡Ki myweavev`x gvbyl‡`i cÖwZiƒc PwiÎ Ges mv_©K cÖwZwbwa|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Avnv` gywÝB DÏxc‡Ki myweavev`x gvbyl‡`i cÖwZiƒc PwiÎ Ges mv_©K cÖwZwbwa|
cÖkœ  10 7g †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x †ivwRbv| Zvi `wi`ª evev-gv Zv‡K we‡q w`‡Z Pvq, GKB MÖv‡gi cÂv‡kvaŸ© weËevb iwngywχbi mv‡_|
wKš‘ †ivwRbvi GKK_v, †m gvby‡li evwo‡Z KvR K‡i n‡jI cov‡jLv K‡i AvÍwbf©ikxj n‡q Z‡eB we‡q Ki‡e| †g‡qi Ggb `„p
cÖwZÁv †`‡L evev-gv †g‡q‡K we‡q †`Iqvi wm×vš@ †_‡K m‡i Av‡m|
K. nv‡kg Avwj Kx‡mi e¨vemv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj? 1
L. ÔewncxiÕ K_¨fvlvq K_v e‡jb bv †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbvi evev-gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi •emv`„k¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbv‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi cÖwZiƒc ejv hvq wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ hyw³mn we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h nv‡kg Avwj †cÖ‡mi e¨vemv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj|
i ag©xq Mv¤¢xh©c”Y© K_v ejvi Rb¨ ewncxi eB‡qi fvlv‡K Dchy³ g‡b K‡ib weavq wZwb K_¨ fvlvq K_v e‡jb bv|
cxi mv‡n‡ei g‡Z, Zvi KvR n‡jv †Lv`vi evYx gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cu․‡Q †`Iqv| Ab¨w`‡K, K_¨fvlv Zvi Kv‡b KUy jv‡M Ges wZwb g‡b
K‡ib G‡Z †Kv‡bv cweÎZv bvB, Mv¤¢xh©Zv bvB, †hwU eB‡qi fvlvq i‡q‡Q| ZvB ewncxi Mv¤¢xh©c”Y© K_v ej‡Z Dchy³ eB‡qi fvlv‡Z
K_v e‡jb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ag©xq Mv¤¢xh©c”Y© K_v ejvi Rb¨ ewncxi eB‡qi fvlv‡K mwVK g‡b Kivi Kvi‡Y wZwb K_¨ fvlvq K_v e‡jb bv|
j DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbvi evev-gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv‡qi •emv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv †g‡qi wm×vš@‡K Myi‚Z¡ bv
†`Iqv|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Zv‡niv GKwU Myi‚Z¡c”Y© PwiÎ| Zv‡niv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB bvUKwUi NUbv cÖevn AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| Zv‡nivi Avcb gv bv _vKvq
Zvi Kzms¯‥viv‛Qbœ evev I mrgv Zv‡K GK e„× wc‡ii m‡½ we‡q w`‡q †`q| wKš‘ †m GB Ab¨vq we‡q †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| Zvi cÖwZev`
m‡Ë¡I evev I mrgv Zv‡K we‡q w`‡q †`q|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q mßg †kÖwYi QvÎx †ivwRbvi `wi`ª gv-evev †g‡q‡K MÖv‡gi cÂv‡kvaŸ© weËevb iwngywχbi mv‡_ we‡q w`‡Z Pvq|
wKš‘ †ivwRbv G we‡q‡Z ivwR bv n‡q wb‡R AvÍwbf©ikxj n‡q Zvici we‡q Kivi K_v e‡j| †g‡qi Ggb `„p cÖwZÁvi Kvi‡Y gv-evev G
we‡q †_‡K m‡i Av‡m| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi gv-evev GB w`K †_‡K wecixZ| Zviv †g‡qi fv‡jv-g›` we‡ePbv bv K‡i e„× wc‡ii
m‡½ we‡q w`‡q †`q| Avi DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbvi gv-evev †g‡qi wm×vš@‡K †g‡b wb‡q †g‡q‡K AvÍwbf©ikxj nIqvi my‡hvM K‡i †`q|
ZvB ejv hvq †h, †g‡q we‡q †`Iqvi e¨vcv‡i DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbvi evev-gv †g‡qi wm×vš@‡K Myi‚Z¡ w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki
Zv‡nivi evev-gv Zv‡`i †g‡qi wm×vš@‡K Myi‚Z¡ †`qwb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : †g‡q we‡q †`Iqvi e¨vcv‡i DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbvi evev-gv †g‡qi wm×vš@‡K Myi‚Z¡ w`‡q‡Q| wKš‘ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev-gv
Zv‡`i †g‡qi wm×vš@‡K Myi‚Z¡ †`qwb|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  169

k DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbv‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi cÖwZiƒc ejv hvq|

ZrKvjxb mgv‡R bvixi Ae¯’vbMZ `ye©jZvi g‡a¨ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv GKwU kw³kvjx PwiÎ| evev Ges mrgv‡qi Pvwc‡q †`Iqv
Amg we‡q‡K wa°vi Rvwb‡q †m †ewi‡q c‡o wb‡Ri Mš@‡e¨i †Luv‡R| K‚U‡K․kjx ewncxi Zv‡niv‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z bvbv K‚U‡K․k‡ji
AvkÖq wb‡jI Zv‡niv †kl ch©š@ wb‡Ri Ae¯’v‡b Abo _v‡K| Zv‡nivi mvnm I e¨w³‡Z¡i `„pZv Zv‡K Abb¨ K‡i Zy‡j‡Q| AvZ¥m‡PZb
Zv‡niv †hb mgKvjxb mgv‡Ri †R‡M IVv bvixi cÖwZ‛Qwe|
DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbv AZ¨š@ `wi`Ö cwiev‡ii †g‡q| `vwi‡`ª¨i Kvi‡Y Zvi evev-gv cÂv‡kvaŸ© weËevb iwngywχbi mv‡_ Zv‡K we‡q w`‡Z
Pvq| wKš‘ †ivwRbv G we‡q‡Z ivwR bq| KviY †m ¯^vej¤^x n‡Z Pvq| wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zvq AvÍwbf©ikxj n‡q, Z‡eB we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq|
†ivwRbvi `„p cÖwZÁv †`‡L Zvi evev-gv we‡qi wm×vš@ †_‡K m‡i Av‡m|
DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbv Zv‡nivi g‡ZvB `„p‡PZv GK bvix| DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbv Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv mgv‡Ri †mme bvixi cÖwZ‛Qwe
hviv Zv‡`i AwaKvi Ges `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ m¤“‡K© m‡PZb| Av‡jvP¨ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Zvi B‛Qv Ges ¯^vaxbZv m¤“‡K©
c”Y©fv‡e m‡PZb| wb‡Ri B‛Qvi weiy‡× Amg we‡q‡Z ewncxi‡K †m †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †g‡b †bq bv| Zvi AUj e¨w³‡Z¡i Kv‡Q nvi gv‡b
ewncxi| †Zgwb ¯^wbf©i n‡Z PvIqv DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbvi kw³kvjx g‡bvfv‡ei Kvi‡Y Zvi evev-gv we‡qi wm×vš@ evwZj K‡i †`q| ZvB
Avwg g‡b Kwi DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbv †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi cÖwZiƒc|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `„p g‡bvfve I cÖwZev`x gvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki †ivwRbv‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi cÖwZiƒc ejv hvq|
cÖkœ  11 kvgxg †P․ayixi GK mgq wekvj kvb-kIKZ I cÖfvecÖwZcwË wQj| a‡b-R‡b cwic”Y© wQj †P․ayix evwo| wKš‘ A_© I
bxwZ-•bwZKZvi h_v_© e¨env‡ii Afve wQj| d‡j Kv‡ji cwiµgvq meB †kl n‡q hvq| GLb ïay †P․ayix bvgUvB Aewkó i‡q‡Q|
K. ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU cÖ_g KZ mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq? 1
L. †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki kvgxg †P․ayix ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y© e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mgMÖ fve‡K aviY Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|ÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU cÖ_g 1960 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq|
i Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rv wc‡ii e`‡`vqv‡K fq cvq e‡j †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvq|
Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rv mnR-mij I avwg©K| wc‡ii cÖwZ Zvi AMva Av¯’v wQj| wci A‡j․wKK kw³i AwaKvix e‡j †Lv‡`Rv wek¦vm
Ki‡Zb| Ggb AÜwek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y wc‡ii e`‡`vqvq ¶wZ n‡Z cv‡i e‡j wZwb g‡b K‡ib| GKvi‡Y wc‡ii e`‡`vqv †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi
Rb¨ †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rv wc‡ii e`‡`vqv‡K fq cvq e‡j †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvq|
j eûw`‡bi cÖfve-cÖwZcwË nviv‡bvi Avk¼vi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki kvgxg †P․ayix ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K nv‡Zg Avwj GKRb ¶wqòz Rwg`vi| LvRbv evwK covi Kvi‡Y Zvi Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g D‡V‡Q| Rwg`vwi i¶vi Rb¨
A‡bK †Póv K‡iI UvKv †RvMvo Ki‡Z e¨_© nb wZwb| GZw`‡bi Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi K_v †f‡e Zvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i gb †f‡O hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki kvgxg †P․ayixi cwieviI GKmgq †ek cÖfvekvjx wQj| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b Zv‡`i `kv kÖxnxb| m¤“` ej‡Z †Zgb wKQyB Aewkó
†bB| kvgxg †P․ayixi g‡b ZvB †Ru‡K e‡m `ywðš@v| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwji cwievi‡KI Ggb wech©‡qi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z †`Lv hvq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : eûw`‡bi cÖfve-cÖwZcwË nviv‡bvi Avk¼vi w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki kvgxg †P․ayix ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
k ÒDÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mgMÖ fve‡K aviY Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvUKwU M‡o D‡V‡Q ewncxi‡K †K›`ª K‡i| G bvU‡K ewncxi ¯^v_©vÜ I K‚U‡K․kjx PwiÎ| e„× eq‡m gywi‡`i Aíeqwm Kb¨v
Zv‡niv‡K we‡q K‡i Zvi B‛Qvi wei‚‡×| we‡qi iv‡Z cvwj‡q wM‡q Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji eRivq AvkÖq †bq| ewncxi nv‡Zg Avwj‡K
mvnv‡h¨i wewbg‡q Zv‡niv‡K wdwi‡q †`Iqvi cÖ¯@ve K‡i|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z kvgxg †P․ayixi GK mgq cÖfve-cÖwZcwË wQj| ab-m¤“‡` c”Y© wQj, wKš‘ Kv‡ji cwiµgvq me †kl n‡q hvq| GLb ïay
†P․ayix bvgwUB Aewkó i‡q‡Q| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj ¶wqòz Rwg`vi| Zvi Rwg`vwi i¶v Kivi Rb¨ eÜy‡`i Kv‡Q
mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki kvgxg †P․ayixiI ab-†`․jZ, cÖfve-cÖwZcwˇZ Uvb c‡o‡Q| GLb ïay †P․ayix bvgwUB
Aewkó Av‡Q| GB w`KwU Qvov DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ Avi †Kv‡bv wgj †bB|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Kvwnwb AZ¨š@ e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡nivi we‡q, Rwg`v‡ii eRivq Zv‡niv I
ewncx‡ii AvkÖq, nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g IVvi welq, nv‡kg Avwj Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Kivi cÖwZkÖ‚wZ BZ¨vw` bvbv Abyl½ DÏxc‡K
Abycw¯’Z i‡q‡Q| ZvB DÏxcKwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mgMÖ fve‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| GKwU LwÊZ Ask‡K aviY K‡i‡Q gvÎ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji ¶wqòz Rwg`vwii w`KwUi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki kvgxg †P․ayixi wg‡ji welqwU Qvov Aewkó fve
DÏxcKwU aviY Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  170

PÆMÖvg †evW©Ñ2023
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mgq : 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 30
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Kjg Øviv m¤“”Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. g½jevZ©v Kvi K‡É aŸwbZ nq? 16. ggZvw` KqwU †jey wK‡bwQj?
E gvQivOv F ûZzg‡cuPv G WvûK H j²x‡cuuPv E GKwU F `ywU G wZbwU H PviwU
2. evwoi cv‡k wbgMvQ MRv‡j weÁiv Lywk nb †Kb? 17. ÔSo-e„wó-eb¨v †Kv‡bv wKQzB Av`yfvB‡K ¯‹z‡j hvIqv †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z
E hZœ Ki‡Z nq bv F cwi‡ekevÜe cv‡i bv|ÕÑ Av`yfvB I ivbvi `yR‡bBÑ
 G †ek DcKvix H Jlwa MyY Av‡Q i. `vwqZ¡kxj ii. wbqgvbyeZ©x iii. Kg©V
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j Muv‡qi †Q‡jiv hy‡× †hvM †`q| Zviv fv‡e †`k‡K k΂gy³ E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
KivB n‡jv GLb cÖavb KvR| 18. †im‡Kvm© gq`vb †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?
3. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎ n‡jvÑ E gwZwSj F U½x
i. eyav ii. Avwj iii. wgVz  G avbgwÊ H igbv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 19. eyav ¯‹z‡ji ¯§„wZ g‡b Ki‡Z Pvq bv †Kb?
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii E iv‡M F K‡ó
4. D³ mv`„‡k¨i wfwË Kx?  G j¾vq H fv‡jv jv‡M bv
E `ytmvnm F cÖwZev`x g‡bvfve 20. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü †jLK Kx‡mi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb?
 G ¯^‡`k‡cÖg H Ab¨vq‡K cÖkq Ö bv †`Iqv E wk¶v_©xi F wk¶‡Ki
5. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K †Kvb FZzi D‡jÐL Av‡Q?  G wk¶ve¨e¯’vi H wm‡jev‡mi
E †ngš@ F kxZ 21. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe Kvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb?
 G emš@ H MÖx®§ E evOvwj RvwZmËvi F mgMÖ evOvwji
6. Ôdziv‡q G‡m‡Q †ZjÕÑ GLv‡b Ô†ZjÕ Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?  G evOvwj BwZnv‡mi H evOvwji mvnwmKZvi
E cÖ`x‡ci R¦vjvwb F wec`evZ©v 22. ÔM„nKg©x jvfjx Zv‡iK‡K †Qv‡Uv fvB‡qi g‡Zv fv‡jvev‡m|Õ jvfjxi mv‡_
 G g„Zz¨ Avmbœ H †Q‡ji Avqy Kvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
7. XvKvi wiKkvIqvjv †K? E `yM©vi F ggZvw`i
E †Kó `vm F gZje wgqv  G dzjKwji H ivwbi
 G i‚¯@g †kL H mMxi Avjx 23. ivbv‡ii `ytL †K Rvb‡e?
8. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †kl msjvcwU Kvi? E AvKv‡ki Zviv F ivwÎ
E nv‡kg F ewncxi  G †RvbvwKiv H AvKv‡ki Z…Y
 G nv‡Zg Avwj H Zv‡niv  [we. `ª. mwVK DËi : c‡_i Z…Y|]
9. Zv‡nivi Pwi‡Î †Kvb •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q? 24. †jLK Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi MÖv‡gi bvg Kx?
E mvnm F ms‡KvP E my›`icyi F PÊxcyi
 G j¾v H fq  G imyjcyi H †ikgcyi
10. ÔZvn‡j kvjv †mvRv c_ †`LÕÑ G K_vq Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? 25. evYxKÉ `yB‡ejvB Kx †LZ?
E weiw³ F N„Yv G wbôziZv H a„óZv E kvKfvZ F WvjfvZ
11. ÔD‛Pwkw¶Z Zcy †Qv‡Uv c‡` PvKwi K‡iI UvKv-cqmvi cÖwZ Zvi †jvf  G gvQfvZ H †MvkZfvZ
†bBÕÑ DÏxc‡Ki Zcyi g‡a¨ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
Dcw¯’Z? `yM©g c_ cvwo w`‡q hviv
E AvÍm¤§vb F g”j¨‡eva G RxemËv H mZZv `yR©‡q K‡i Rq
12. ÔI‡Z †L‡jv n‡q †h‡Z nqÕ ej‡Z nwini †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡QÑ Zvnv‡`i cwiPq wj‡L iv‡L gnvKvj|
E evgyb‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×v‡eva K‡g hvq 26. DÏxcKwU †Kvb KweZvi fve‡K Bw½Z K‡i‡Q?
F evgyb‡`i cÖwZ Lvivc aviYv •Zwi nq  E ivbvi F Avgvi cwiPq
 G `wi`ªZv aiv c‡o H e¨w³Z¡ nvjKv n‡q hvq  G †mBw`b GB gvV H Rxeb-m½xZ
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 13 I 14bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 27. DÏxcKwU D³ KweZvi †h fvewU Bw½Z K‡i‡Q?
e‡ov fvB mRxe †Qv‡Uv fvB ivwKe‡K †g‡i evwo †_‡K Zvwo‡q †`q| G‡Z i. Rxeb-msMÖv‡g eªZx nIqv ii. gnr e¨w³‡`i AbymiY Kiv
w¶ß bv n‡q ies ivwKe e‡jb, †n AvjÐvn! Zzwg Avgvi fvB‡K mwVK eyS iii. Avͯ^v‡_© wbgMœ _vKv
`vb K‡iv| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
13. DÏxc‡Ki NUbv gnvbwe (m.)-Gi Rxe‡bi †Kvb NUbvi mv‡_ msMwZc”Y©? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E Zv‡qdevmxi AZ¨vPvi F g`xbvevmxi AZ¨vPvi 28. †jL‡Ki g‡Z Ave`yi ingvb KqR‡bi Lvevi ivbœv K‡iwQj?
 G KzivBk‡`i AZ¨vPvi H g°vevmxi AZ¨vPvi E wZb F Pvi
14. ivwK‡ei g‡a¨ gnvbwe (m.)-Gi Pwi‡Îi †h •ewkó¨ j¶ Kiv hvqÑ  G cuvP H Qq
i. gnvbyfeZv ii. D`viZv iii. mwnòzZv 29. ÔAvi wK †n n‡e †`Lv?ÕÑ GLv‡b Kwei g‡bi Kx Abyf‚wZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? E mskq F Av‡¶c
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii  G m‡›`n H †e`bv
15. †Kvb fvlv gvbyl mn‡R eyS‡Z cv‡i? 30. wek^mvwn‡Z¨ me©v‡c¶v cÖvPxb †KvbwU?
E evsjv fvlv F Aviwe fvlv E KweZv F bvUK
 G †`wk fvlv H AvÂwjK fvlv  G Dcb¨vm H cÖeÜ

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  171

PÆMÖvg †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj) welq †KvW 1 0 1
[2023 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c”Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi h_vh_ DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU,
L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU I N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwUmn †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi
Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `”lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne AZ¨š@ mr I weP¶Y gvbyl wn‡m‡e mevi Kv‡Q cwiwPZ| wZwb Zvi Kg©¯’‡j mZZv I wbôvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib| G welqwU‡KB wKQz mnKg©x weiƒc `„wófw½ †cvlY K‡i Ges my‡hvM †c‡jB Zviv Zv‡K Ac`¯@ Kivi †Póv K‡i| Av‡bvqvi
mv‡ne me eyS‡Z cvi‡jI Zuvi Ae¯’vb †_‡K m‡i c‡obwb eis m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨ †`vqv cÖv_©bv K‡ib|
K. ÔZv‡qdÕ †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? 1
L. Ôgvby‡li GKRb nBqvI wZwb `yj©fÕÑ †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ mnKg©x‡`i weiƒc `„wófw½ Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU‡K Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡bvqvi mv‡n‡ei gv‡S †h MyYvewj cwijw¶Z nq Zv Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
2| kxZKvjxb AeKv‡k †mbvR Zvi evev-gv‡qi mv‡_ †kicy‡i †eov‡Z hvq| †mLvbKvi meyR -k¨vgj cÖK…wZ Avi Mv‡iv cvnv‡oi †m․›`‡h© †m
we‡gvwnZ nq| GB GjvKvi wewfbœ `„wób›`b `„k¨vewj mevB wg‡j Dc‡fvM K‡i Ges Mv‡iv Avw`evmx‡`i my›`i e¨env‡i Awff‚Z nq|
K. ÔIi‡fvqvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. Ave`yi ingvb‡K bi`vbe ejvi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †mbv‡Ri †`Lv †m․›`h© ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi LÊvsk gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3| cÖwZfv weKvk D‛P we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i mv‡_ gZ wewbgq mfvq wk¶v_©x‡`i cvV¨cy¯@‡Ki cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨
RxebgyLx eB-cy¯@K covi cÖwZ DrmvwnZ K‡ib| wZwb AviI e‡jb, mvwnZ¨ gvby‡li gb‡K my›`i K‡i| Avi my›`i g‡bi gvby‡liv
Ávbx nq| 10g †kÖwYi QvÎx gvBkv Zvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q cÖavb wk¶‡Ki Dc‡`kevYxi K_v ej‡j, gv agK w`‡q e‡jb, Av‡M cix¶vq
fv‡jv djvdj AR©b K‡iv| Zvici Ab¨vb¨ eB-cy¯@K covi wPš@v K‡iv|
K. `k©‡bi PP©v †Kv_vq nq? 1
L. Òmywkw¶Z †jvKgvÎB ¯^wkw¶ZÓÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gvBkvi gv‡qi †Kvb w`KwU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki mv_©K cÖwZwbwa|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4| hgR `yB fvB wkgyj I cjvk| Zviv `yR‡bB `kg †kÖwYi QvÎ| wkgyj wk¶v-`x¶v AR©b K‡i B›Uvi‡bU e¨emvq †hvM w`‡Z AvMÖnx|
Zvi g‡Z, eZ©gvb we‡k^ GB welqwU me‡P‡q †ewk jvfRbK gva¨g| Aciw`‡K, cjvk D‛Pwk¶v AR©b K‡i wek^we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vcbvq
AvMÖnx| †m g‡b K‡i, Ávbjvf ïay DcvR©‡bi gva¨g n‡jI we‡e‡Ki cwic”Y©Zvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K hvPvB Kiv Acwinvh©|
K. wk¶vi Avmj KvR Kx? 1
L. A_©wPš@vi wbM‡o mK‡j ew›`Ñ †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wkgy‡ji gvbwmKZvq Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU cÖZxqgvb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òcjv‡ki g‡bvfvewU Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi g”jmy‡iiB ewntcÖKvk|ÓÑ Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| beg †kÖwYi QvÎ mR‡ji cÖPÊ AvMÖn Qwe AuvKvi cÖwZ| nVvr GK ivw·Z Zvi mviv kix‡i e¨_v I R¦i evo‡Z _v‡K| evev-gv Zv‡K
wb‡q Wv³v‡ii kiYvcbœ n‡j wewfbœ cix¶v-wbix¶vi ci wi‡cvU© Av‡m Zvi `y‡Uv wKWwbB weKj n‡q †M‡Q| evev-gv‡K cv‡k †c‡q
mRj wRÁvmv K‡i, evev Avwg wK GLb Qwe AuvK‡Z cvie bv? evev-gv `yR‡bB †Q‡j‡K mvš@¡bv †`b Avi m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q `yB nvZ
Zz‡j †Q‡ji Rb¨ †`vqv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
K. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq AKj¨v‡Yi myi ejv n‡q‡Q Kv‡K? 1
L. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Ôgymjgv‡bi Avos †`wL‡Z bvBÕÑ GB PiY Øviv Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mR‡ji mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwUi e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki mR‡ji evev-gv‡qi cÖv_©bv ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jmyi‡K ¯“k© K‡i wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii c‡¶ hyw³ Dc¯’vcb
K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  172

6| mvBgb gvZ…fvlv evsjvi cÖwZ Abyi³| G fvlv wb‡q Zvi M‡e©i Aš@ †bB| wKš‘ ZviB mncvVx wmqvg Bs‡iwR‡K AwaK Myi‚Z¡ †`q|
Zvi g‡Z Bs‡iwR fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i Rywo †gjv fvi| evsjv wb‡q Zvi †Kv‡bv AvMÖn †bB|
K. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU †Kvb kZ‡K iwPZ? 1
L. Ô†h m‡e e‡½‡Z Rwš§ wns‡m e½evYxÕÑ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wmqv‡gi g‡a¨ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒmvBg‡bi gvbwmKZvq Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwei myi aŸwbZ n‡q‡QÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7| AskÑ1 : hw` Zzwg fq cvI, Z‡e Zzwg †kl
Avi hw` Zzwg i‚‡L `uvovI
Z‡e Zzwg evsjv‡`k|
AskÑ2 : cÖvY-¯“›`‡b j¶ Zi‚i K‡i
Rxeb-cÖevn mÂvwi gg©‡i
e‡¶ RvMv‡q AvMvgx w`‡bi Avkv
Avgvi †`‡ki GKwU gayi, gayi Avgvi fvlv|
K. Ph©vc` Kx? 1
L. ÒAvwg †h G‡mwQ Rq evsjvi eRª KÉ †_‡KÓÑ PiYwU Øviv Kwe Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. Ask-1Gi mv‡_ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ask-2 ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi g”jfve cÖKv‡k m¶g wK? Dˇii c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| ewikv‡j bvbv evwo †eov‡Z hvevi mgq j Wzwe‡Z wmiv‡Ri gv-evev, fvB-†evb gviv hvq| wmivR A‡j․wKKfv‡e †eu‡P hvq|
cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nvwi‡q †m ¯@ä n‡q †M‡Q| Pvicv‡ki RMr Zvi Kv‡Q k”b¨ g‡b nq| GLb †m GK QbœQvov gvbyl|
K. ÒAvwgI †Zvgvi m‡½ hy× Kie|Ó Dw³wU Kvi? 1
L. Òg‡b nq, GB eywS †`kUv ¯^vaxb n‡jv|Ó eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wmiv‡Ri mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mgMÖ fve aviY K‡iwbÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
9| meyR gv-evev, fvB-†evb wb‡q Avb‡›`i mv‡_B †e‡o DVwQj| 1971 mv‡j cvKevwnbxi †`vmi igRvb Avjxi mn‡hvwMZvq gv-evev
Avi fvB-†evb‡K nvbv`vi evwnbx †g‡i †dj‡jI KvKZvjxqfv‡e †eu‡P hvq †m| cvwK¯@vwb‡`i cÖwZ Pig N„Yv Avi ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi
†e`bvq meyR P‡j hvq hy‡×i gq`v‡b|
K. gay Kxfv‡e wbnZ n‡q‡Q? 1
L. eyav gvwUKvUv `‡j †hvM w`‡qwQj †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki igRvb Avjxi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h Pwi‡Îi wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq Zvi eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki meyR I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡bvfve GK I AwfbœÓÑ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| ¯^vgxnviv Rvwn`v `ywU Kb¨vmš@vb‡K wb‡q XvKvi ew¯@‡Z evm K‡i| †m Mv‡g©›U‡m †cvkvK Kg©xi KvR K‡i| e‡ov †g‡q Avd‡ivRv
beg †kÖwY‡Z cov‡kvbv K‡i| cÖwZ‡ekx iv‡njv Rvwn`v‡K ZvovZvwo †g‡q we‡q w`‡q †evSv Kgv‡Z e‡j| G wel‡q Rvwn`v Kvb bv
w`‡q Avd‡ivRv‡K AviI cov‡kvbvi e¨vcv‡i Drmvn w`‡Z _v‡K| iv‡njvi †gv‡UI G welqwU cQ›` jv‡M bv|
K. ewncx‡ii evwo †Kv_vq? 1
L. nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g D‡VwQj †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avd‡ivRvi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb PwiÎwUi •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev DÏxc‡Ki Rvwn`vi g‡Zv n‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ wfbœ n‡Z cviZ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb
K‡iv| 4
11| ga¨weË N‡ii †g‡q gv‡R`v ¯’vbxq K‡j‡R Gevi GBPGmwm cix¶v_©x| N‡i mrgv Zvi evev‡K ïay we‡qi Rb¨ NUK WvKvi Pvc
†`q| gv‡R`v †jLv-cov K‡i cÖwZwôZ n‡Z Pvq| G Ae¯’vq †m MÖv‡gi m`¨ wek^we`¨vjq cvk Kiv wb‡Uv‡ji mn‡hvwMZvq
evev-gv‡K we‡q †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z m¶g nq|
K. ewncxi †Kvb fvlvq K_v e‡j? 1
L. Ô†Lv`v B‛Qv Kwi‡j coš@ NiI V¨vKv w`qv `uvo KivBqv ivLv hvqÕÑ ewncx‡ii GB Dw³‡Z Kx g‡bvfve dz‡U D‡V‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wb‡Uv‡ji mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki gv‡R`v ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi †P‡q AwaKZi AvaywbK|ÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  173

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 * 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne AZ¨š@ mr I weP¶Y gvbyl wn‡m‡e mevi Kv‡Q cwiwPZ| wZwb Zvi Kg©¯’‡j mZZv I wbôvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib| G welqwU‡KB wKQz mnKg©x weiƒc `„wófw½ †cvlY K‡i Ges my‡hvM †c‡jB Zviv Zv‡K Ac`¯@ Kivi †Póv K‡i| Av‡bvqvi
mv‡ne me eyS‡Z cvi‡jI Zuvi Ae¯’vb †_‡K m‡i c‡obwb eis m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q Zv‡`i Rb¨ †`vqv cÖv_©bv K‡ib|
K. ÔZv‡qdÕ †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z? 1
L. Ôgvby‡li GKRb nBqvI wZwb `yj©fÕÑ †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ mnKg©x‡`i weiƒc `„wófw½ Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU‡K Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡bvqvi mv‡n‡ei gv‡S †h MyYvewj cwijw¶Z nq Zv Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔZv‡qdÕ †m․w` Avi‡ei `w¶Yv‡j Aew¯’Z|
i Abb¨ gvbweK MyYvewji Rb¨ nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) gvby‡li GKRb nBqvI wZwb `yj©f|
nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb AZ¨š@ mnbkxj Ges wbinsKvi Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix| AZ¨vPvix‡K wZwb KL‡bv Awfkvc †`bwb| esk‡M․ie GK
gyn”‡Z©i Rb¨I Zvi gv‡S ¯’vb cvqwb| D`viZvi †¶‡Î Zuvi Rywo †gjv fvi| mZ¨ mvabvq wZwb wQ‡jb e‡RÖi g‡Zv KwVb, ce©‡Zi g‡Zv
AUj; A_P KiyYvq wQ‡jb Kzmyg‡Kvgj| GKK_vq ejv hvq, Z¨vM, †cÖg, mvayZv, †m․Rb¨, ¶gv, mvnm, AbyMÖn, AvZ¥wek¦vm, PvwiwÎK
†m․›`h© Gme gvbweK w`‡Ki mgvnvi gvby‡li gv‡S Lyu‡R cvIqv `y®‥i| ZvB wZwb gvby‡li GKRb n‡qI `yj©f|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Abb¨ gvbweK MyYvewji Rb¨ nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb `yj©f|
j DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ mnKg©x‡`i weiƒc `„wófw½ Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi bwewRi m‡Z¨i Rb¨ AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb mn¨ Kivi w`KwU‡K
Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i|
Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z gyn¤§` (m.) Zv‡q‡d I g°vq Bmjvg ag© cÖPvi Ki‡Z wM‡q bvbv evavi m¤§yLxb nb| Zv‡qd I
g°vevmxiv Zv‡K wewfbœfv‡e AZ¨vPvi K‡i| cv_‡ii AvNv‡Z Zv‡K i³v³ Kiv nq| c‡_ KuvUv wewQ‡q ivLv nq| mvivRxeb wZwb gvby‡li
`ytL-Kó `”i Kivi Rb¨ wb‡R `ytL-Kó mn¨ K‡i‡Qb| wnsmv, †Øl, N„Yv, Me©, AnsKvi BZ¨vw` KL‡bvB Zvi Pwi·K Kjw¼Z Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb| wZwb Bmjv‡gi SvÊv nv‡Z wb‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb mZ¨vkÖqx wQ‡jb| †h Kvi‡Y wZwb AZ¨vPvwiZ I wbh©vwZZ n‡qwQ‡jb evievi|
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡bvqvi mv‡n‡ei mnKg©xiv Zvi cÖwZ weiƒc AvPiY K‡i| KviY Awd‡m wZwb mZZvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wZwb wbôvi
mv‡_ KvR K‡ib| Kv‡R Ae‡njv K‡ib bv| Awd‡m wZwb weP¶Y gvbyl wn‡m‡eB mgwaK cwiwPZ| wKš‘ Ggb mZ¨vkÖqx gvbylwU‡K Zvi
mnKgx©iv †`L‡Z cv‡i bv| bvbvfv‡e KUv¶ K‡i| weiƒc gš@e¨ K‡i| my‡hvM †c‡jB Zviv Zv‡K Acgvb Ac`¯@ Kivi †Póv K‡i|
mnKgx©‡`i Ggb †bwZevPK AvPi‡Yi mv‡_ bwewR (m.)-Gi Ici Kv‡di‡`i AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZ‡bi welqwUi wgj i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ mnKg©x‡`i weiƒc `„wófw½ Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi bwewRi m‡Z¨i Rb¨ AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb mn¨ Kivi w`KwU‡K
Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i|
k DÏxc‡Ki Av‡bvqvi mv‡n‡ei gv‡S Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi ¶gv, mZZv, wbfx©KZv cÖf…wZ MyY cwijw¶Z nq|
gnvbwe nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) wecyj Hk¦h©, m¶gZv I gvby‡li AMva fv‡jvevmv I kÖ×vi g‡a¨ †_‡KB GKRb mvaviY gvby‡li g‡Zv
Rxebhvcb K‡ib| ¶gv I gnË¡, †cÖg I `qv Zvi ARmª PvwiwÎK My‡Yi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg|
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡bvqvi mv‡ne GKRb bxwZevb gvbyl| Zv‡K m‛PwiÎevb ejv hvq| ïay ZvB bq, Zvi gv‡S ¶gvi Av`k©I we`¨gvb| †Kbbv
wZwb mnKgx©‡`i Lvivc AvPi‡Y e¨w_Z n‡q‡Qb wKš‘ wZwb Zv‡`i Mvjg›` K‡ibwb| wZwb wb‡RI m‡Z¨i c‡_ AUj †_‡K‡Qb| wZwb
gnvb AvjÐvni Kv‡Q †`vqv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi wec_Mvgx mnKgx©iv hv‡Z b¨vq-Ab¨vq ey‡S KvRKg© K‡i|
Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖeÜwU‡Z cÖvewÜK bwewRi gvbweK MyYvewji we‡kÐlY K‡i‡Qb| Z¨vM, †cÖg, mvayZv, †m․Rb¨, ¶gv, wZwZ¶v, mvnm,
†k․h©, AbyMÖn, AvÍwek¦vm, Zx¶œ• `„wó I mg`k©b PwiÎ †m․›`‡h©i mew`K Zvi gv‡S we`¨gvb wQj| Bmjvg cÖPv‡i k΂i AZ¨vPv‡i wZwb
RR©wiZ n‡qwQ‡jb, cÖ¯@ivNv‡Z wZwb AvnZ n‡qwQ‡jb| e¨½-we`ª‚‡c evievi wZwb DcnvwmZ n‡qwQ‡jb, ZeyI wZwb Zv‡`i Awfkvc bv
w`‡q ¶gv K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡bvqvi mv‡n‡ei Pwi‡ÎI ¶gvi gnvbyfeZv cwijw¶Z nq| wZwbI m‡Z¨ AUj I wbfx©K wQ‡jb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Av‡bvqvi mv‡n‡ei gv‡S Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi ¶gv, mZZv, wbfx©KZv cÖf…wZ MyY cwijw¶Z nq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  174

cÖkœ  02 kxZKvjxb AeKv‡k †mbvR Zvi evev-gv‡qi mv‡_ †kicy‡i †eov‡Z hvq| †mLvbKvi meyR-k¨vgj cÖK…wZ Avi Mv‡iv cvnv‡oi
†m․›`‡h© †m we‡gvwnZ nq| GB GjvKvi wewfbœ `„wób›`b `„k¨vewj mevB wg‡j Dc‡fvM K‡i Ges Mv‡iv Avw`evmx‡`i my›`i e¨env‡i
Awff‚Z nq|
K. ÔIi‡fvqvÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. Ave`yi ingvb‡K bi`vbe ejvi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †mbv‡Ri †`Lv †m․›`h© ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi LÊvsk gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔIi‡fvqvÕ k‡ãi A_© Avevi †`Lv n‡e|
i Ave`yi ingv‡bi kvixwiK MV‡bi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K bi`vbe ejv n‡q‡Q|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z D‡jÐwLZ Ave`yi ingvb D‛PZvq Qq dzU Pvi BwÂ| nvZ `ywU nuvUz ch©š@ j¤^v| †hgb PIov Zvi Kuva, †Zgwb
PIov Zvi gyL| Ge‡ov‡Le‡ov bvK-Kcvj †bB| Ave`yi ingv‡bi Ggb kvixwiK MVb †`‡L †jLK Zv‡K bi`vbe e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Ave`yi ingv‡bi A¯^vfvweK kvixwiK MV‡bi Rb¨ †jLK Zv‡K bi`vbe e‡j‡Qb|

j DÏxc‡Ki †mbv‡Ri †`Lv †m․›`h© ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi my›`i cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek Dc‡fv‡Mi w`KwU‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z †jL‡Ki cÖevm Rxe‡bi wewPÎ AwfÁZv Ges †meK Ave`yi ingv‡bi PvwiwÎK †m․›`h© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wfbœ
†`‡ki •ewPΨgq cwi‡e‡k †jL‡Ki ågY mv_©K n‡q‡Q| AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi cÖ¯@if‚wg I eidkxZj Rjevqy Zvi Kv‡Q AvKl©Yxq n‡q D‡V‡Q|
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, †mbvR kxZKv‡j †kicy‡i †eov‡Z hvq| †mLv‡b †hgb Av‡Q meyR-k¨vgj cÖK…wZ †Zgwb Av‡Q Mv‡iv cvnvo| GMy‡jvi
i‡q‡Q Abvwej †m․›`h©| hv †m wegy» wP‡Ë Dc‡fvM K‡i| GB GjvKvi `„wób›`b `„k¨vewj Zv‡K I Zvi evev-gv‡K we‡gvwnZ K‡i| ïay
ZvB bq, Mv‡iv Avw`evmx‡`i my›`i e¨env‡i †m Awff‚Z nq| Ave`yi ingvb KZ…©K †jLK †hgb Avc¨vwqZ I Lywk n‡qwQ‡jb †Zgwb
DÏxc‡Ki †mbvR †kicy‡i †eov‡Z wM‡q gy» n‡qwQj| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki †mbv‡Ri †`Lv †m․›`h© ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi
AvdMvwb¯@v‡b †jL‡Ki g‡bvgy»Ki åg‡Yi †m․›`h© Dc‡fvM, mij AvwZ‡_qZv BZ¨vw` w`‡Ki cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †mbv‡Ri †`Lv †m․›`h© ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi my›`i cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek Dc‡fv‡Mi w`KwU‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i‡Q|

k ÒDÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi LÊvsk gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|

ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwb‡Z AwZw_civqYZvi m‡½ AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi cÖK…wZ-cwi‡e‡ki cwiPq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| we‡`wk AwZw_i cÖwZ †Kgb
AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e †m ixwZI GLv‡b wea„Z n‡q‡Q| GQvov Ave`yi ingv‡bi bgªZv, mijZv, †`k‡cÖg I Kg©¯“„nv G KvwnwbwU‡K GKwU
wfbœ gvÎv w`‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡K GKwU cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k åg‡Yi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †`Lv hvq, †mbvR kxZKvjxb AeKvk cvq| G mgq †m evev-gv‡qi
mv‡_ †kicy‡i †eov‡Z hvq| GLv‡b †m meyR-k¨vgj cÖK…wZ Avi Mv‡iv cvnvo †`‡L gy» nq| Mv‡iv Avw`evmx‡`i my›`i e¨env‡i †m
Awff‚Z nq| †mLvbKvi •bmwM©K `„k¨vewj †`‡L Zvi †PvL Ryovq| AvdMvwb¯@v‡bI Ggb `„k¨vewj we`¨gvb|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi welqe¯‘ DÏx‡Ki Zzjbvq e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| GLv‡b †jLK wewfbœ †`k åg‡Yi gva¨‡g †mB †`‡ki gvby‡li
AvPvi-e¨envi, mf¨Zv I ms¯‥…wZ m¤“‡K© ÁvbvR©‡bi K_v e‡j‡Qb| hv DÏxc‡K D‡jÐL †bB| wewfbœ †`k ev AÂj åg‡Yi gva¨‡g
†mLvbKvi cÖvK…wZK †m․›`h©, gvby‡li e¨envi m¤“‡K© Rvbv hvq| hv DÏxc‡K Ges Av‡jvP¨ ågY Kvwnwb‡Z j¶Yxq| G Kvwnwb‡Z
AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi f‚wg, AvenvIqv, cvbwki cwi‡ek BZ¨vw` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| hv DÏxc‡K ewY©Z nqwb| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki
welqe¯‘ Av‡jvP¨ ågYKvwnwbi LÊvsk gvÎ, cy‡ivcywi bq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågYKvwnwbi LÊvsk‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ  03 cÖwZfv weKvk D‛P we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i mv‡_ gZ wewbgq mfvq wk¶v_©x‡`i cvV¨cy¯@‡Ki cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨
RxebgyLx eB-cy¯@K covi cÖwZ DrmvwnZ K‡ib| wZwb AviI e‡jb, mvwnZ¨ gvby‡li gb‡K my›`i K‡i| Avi my›`i g‡bi gvby‡liv Ávbx
nq| 10g †kÖwYi QvÎx gvBkv Zvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q cÖavb wk¶‡Ki Dc‡`kevYxi K_v ej‡j, gv agK w`‡q e‡jb, Av‡M cix¶vq fv‡jv
djvdj AR©b K‡iv| Zvici Ab¨vb¨ eB-cy¯@K covi wPš@v K‡iv|
K. `k©‡bi PP©v †Kv_vq nq? 1
L. Òmywkw¶Z †jvKgvÎB ¯^wkw¶ZÓÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gvBkvi gv‡qi †Kvb w`KwU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki mv_©K cÖwZwbwa|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  175

3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

h `k©‡bi PP©v Mynvq nq|
i ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki wek¦vm, wk¶v †KD KvD‡K w`‡Z cv‡i bv| †mRb¨ mywkw¶Z †jvKgvÎB ¯^wkw¶Z|
h_v_© wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡j g‡bi cÖmvi `iKvi| wk¶K Qv·K wk¶vi c_ †`wL‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib, Zvi Rvbvi AvMÖn e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡ib-Gi
†ewk wKQz bq| wk¶vR©b wb‡Ri e¨vcvi| GUv wbR¯^ PP©v I Af¨v‡mi gva¨‡g AvqË K‡i wb‡Z nq| ZvB mywkw¶Z †jvKgvÎB ¯^wkw¶Z|
Dˇii g”jK_v : wbR¯^ PP©v I Af¨v‡mi gva¨‡g wkw¶Z n‡Z nq e‡jB mywkw¶Z †jvKgvÎ ¯^wkw¶Z|
j DÏxc‡Ki gvBkvi gv‡qi mvwnZ¨PP©vi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i AbvMÖ‡ni w`KwU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü mvwnZ¨PP©vi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri AbvMÖ‡ni cÖeYZv m¤“‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| bM` cÖvwßi m¤¢vebv bv _vKvq
Avgv‡`i wkw¶Z mgvR mvwnZ¨im Av¯^v`‡b AbvMÖnx| hvi d‡j wkw¶Z n‡jI g‡bi w`K †_‡K Avgiv wcwQ‡q AvwQ| Avi GKUv welq
n‡jv wbw`©ó wm‡jev‡mi eB co‡jB n‡e| Ab¨ eB covi `iKvi †bB| Ggb aviYvI e×g”j n‡q Av‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki gvBkvi gv GKRb ¶z`ªgbv bvix| wZwb †Kej cix¶vq fv‡jv djvdj Pvb| Ab¨ eB GLb covi `iKvi †bB| mvd Rvwb‡q
†`b †g‡q gvBkv‡K| fv‡jv gv‡bi eB co‡j ÁvbvR©b nq, Ab¨ mnvqK eBI cov `iKvi| †h eBMy‡jv RxebgyLx †mMy‡jvI cov
`iKviÑGK_v Zvi gv †g‡b wb‡Z Pvb bv| gvBkvi g‡Zv Avgv‡`i †`‡k eû gvbyl Av‡Q hviv wbw`©ó wKQz cvV gyL¯’ K‡i cix¶vq cvk
Kivi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvMx †ewk| GUv Avgv‡`i wk¶ve¨e¯’vi GKUv e‡ov ΂wU| hvi d‡j Kg©Rxe‡b Zviv Avkvbyiƒc dj AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv| Gfv‡e DÏxc‡Ki gvBkvi gv‡qi eB covi AbvMÖ‡ni w`KwU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡ÜI h_v_©fv‡e dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki gvBkvi gv‡qi mvwnZ¨PP©vi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i AbvMÖ‡ni w`KwU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki mv_©K cÖwZwbwa|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK e‡j‡Qb, g‡bi cÖmvi NUv‡bvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i covi Af¨vm evov‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv wk¶v cÖwZôvb †_‡K jä
wk¶v c”Y©v½ bq| ZvB cÖPzi fv‡jv gv‡bi eB co‡Z n‡e| eB c‡o †KD †`Dwjqv n‡q hvq bv| eB n‡jv Áv‡bi fvÊvi|
DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K GKwU Myi‚Z¡c”Y© gZwewbgq K‡i‡Qb| wZwb eB covi cÖwZ †Nvi ZvwM` w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb wk¶v_©x‡`i cvV¨eB‡qi
cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ RxebgyLx eB-cy¯@K covi cÖwZ Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zvi G g‡Zi h_v_© g”j¨ †`Iqv DwPZ| eB †Kej k‡Li e‡k cov
wVK bq| ÁvbvR©‡bi Rb¨ †ewk †ewk eB cov DwPZ| Qv·`i AwaK ÁvbvR©‡b AwffveK‡`i mnvqZv cÖ‡qvRb| mevB‡K gvBkvi gv‡qi
g‡Zv nIqv DwPZ bq|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü ewY©Z Avw_©K wKsev gvbwmK †h‡Kv‡bv DbœwZi Rb¨ Ávb jvf Ri‚wi| Avi Ávb jv‡fi Rb¨ eB co‡Z n‡e|
¯‥zj-K‡j‡R †h we`¨v †Mjv‡bv nq Zv w`‡q Rxeb‡K gnr I my›`i Kiv †Zv hvqB bv, wbQK mvsmvwiK DbœwZI Zv w`‡q m¤¢e bq| eB
msMÖn, msi¶Y I Ávb weZi‡Yi GKgvÎ Dcvq jvB‡eªwi M‡o †Zvjv| GLv‡b wewPÎ eB‡qi mgvnvi _v‡K| GLv‡b wM‡q †ewk eB cov
hvq| GLv‡b ¯‥zj-K‡j‡Ri eB QvovI Ab¨vb¨ eBI cÖPzi Av‡Q| Gme eB c‡o RxebgyLx wk¶v AR©b Kiv hvq| DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶KI
Abyiƒc e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K‡K ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki mv_©K GKRb cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki GKRb mv_©K cÖwZwbwa|
cÖkœ  04 hgR `yB fvB wkgyj I cjvk| Zviv `yR‡bB `kg †kÖwYi QvÎ| wkgyj wk¶v-`x¶v AR©b K‡i B›Uvi‡bU e¨emvq †hvM w`‡Z
AvMÖnx| Zvi g‡Z, eZ©gvb we‡k^ GB welqwU me‡P‡q †ewk jvfRbK gva¨g| Aciw`‡K, cjvk D‛Pwk¶v AR©b K‡i wek^we`¨vj‡q
Aa¨vcbvq AvMÖnx| †m g‡b K‡i, Ávbjvf ïay DcvR©‡bi gva¨g n‡jI we‡e‡Ki cwic”Y©Zvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K hvPvB Kiv Acwinvh©|
K. wk¶vi Avmj KvR Kx? 1
L. A_©wPš@vi wbM‡o mK‡j ew›`Ñ †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wkgy‡ji gvbwmKZvq Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb w`KwU cÖZxqgvb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òcjv‡ki g‡bvfvewU Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi g”jmy‡iiB ewntcÖKvk|ÓÑ Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h wk¶vi Avmj KvR g”j¨‡eva m„wó|
i Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ A‡_©i cÖvPzh©‡K m‡e©v‛P MyiyZ¡ †`Iqvi Kvi‡YB cÖvewÜK Av‡jvP¨ gš@e¨ K‡i‡Qb|
cÖvew܇Ki ch©‡e¶Y Abymv‡i Rxeb cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î Avgiv †h cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v †c‡qwQ Zv mwVK bq| fyj wk¶v MÖnY Kivi d‡j
Avgv‡`i Rxe‡bi wb‡Pi Zjv Z_v RxemËv GZUvB wek„¸Lj n‡q c‡o‡Q †h, Avgiv Zv †_‡K †PvL †div‡Z cviwQ bv| d‡j A_©mvabv
Avgv‡`i Rxebmvabv‡Z iƒcvš@wiZ n‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡Y mK‡jB A_© wPš@vi MwʇZ ew›` n‡q Av‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : A_© DcvR©‡bi mvabv Rxeb mvabv‡Z iƒcvš@i nIqvq mKj gvbyl A_©wPš@vi wbM‡o ew›` n‡q Av‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki wkgy‡ji gvbwmKZvq Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi wk¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡bi Z_v RxemËvi w`KwU cÖZxqgvb nq|
Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK gvby‡li `ywU mËvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU RxemËv Ab¨wU gvbemËv| Zvi g‡Z, gvbyl
RxemËv‡K wUwK‡q ivL‡ZB AwaK g‡bv‡hvMx| Zvi Rb¨ gvbyl mviv¶Y A_©wPš@vq wbgMœ _v‡K| Zviv †hb A‡_©i wbM‡o ew›` n‡q c‡o|
A_©mvabvB Zvi wbKU AwaK cQ›`bxq| †h Kvi‡Y wk¶v Zvi Rxe‡b †mvbv djv‡Z cv‡i bv| gvbemËvq Zv‡`i DËiY m¤¢e nq bv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  176

DÏxc‡Ki wkgyj wk¶v AR©b K‡i‡Q| GLb †m B›Uvi‡bU e¨emvq †hvM w`‡Z AvMÖnx| †m †hb A_©wPš@vi wbM‡o ew›` n‡q co‡Q| †m
GKwU jvfRbK e¨emvq RwoZ n‡Z Pvq| G e¨emvqwU eZ©gvb we‡k¦ AwaK jvfRbK| wk¶v GLb Zvi Kv‡Q †M․Y n‡q c‡o‡Q| Avw_©K
fvebvB Zvi gyL¨ welq| Rxe‡b A‡_©i `iKvi Av‡Q; wKš‘ Abœ-e‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡qI gyw³ e‡ovÑG †evawU gvby‡li gbyl¨‡Z¡i cwiPvqK|
hv wkgy‡ji gvbwmKZvq †bB| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki wkgy‡ji g‡a¨ Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi RxemËvi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wkgy‡ji gvbwmKZvq Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi wk¶vi cÖ‡qvR‡bi Z_v RxemËvi w`KwU cÖZxqgvb nq|
k Òcjv‡ki g‡bvfvewU Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi g”jmy‡iiB ewntcÖKvk|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü gvbeRxeb m¤“wK©Z `k©b wea„Z n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b gvbeRxe‡bi `ywU mËvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Ges G `ywU mËvB
mgvb cÖ‡qvRbxq e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK|
DÏxc‡K cjv‡ki g‡bvfvewU cÖksmbxq| KviY †m D‛P wk¶v AR©b K‡i wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vcbv Ki‡Z Pvq| †m g‡b K‡i Ávbjvf ïay
DcvR©‡bi gva¨g n‡jI we‡e‡Ki c”Y©Zvi Rb¨ †m wb‡R‡K hvPvB Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡i‡Q| Zvi Rxe‡b wk¶v †mvbv djv‡Z
†c‡i‡Q| †m Abœ ev A_© wbM‡o ew›` _v‡Kwb| Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi †jL‡Ki gvbwmKZvI Abyiƒc|
Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü †jLK e‡j‡Qb, RxemËv gvbyl‡K RxebaviY Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Avi gvbemËv Rxeb‡K Dc‡fvM I Avb›`gq
K‡i, gvbweK K‡i| GB gvbweK w`KwU cÖZxqgvb nq cjv‡ki g‡bvfv‡e| KviY gvbemËv cjv‡ki g‡Zv gvbyl‡K mgvR I iv‡óªi Rb¨
Kj¨vYKi wKQz Kivi ZvwM` †`q| Zvi g‡Zv †jvK‡`i gbyl¨Z¡‡eva RvMÖZ nq| wk¶vi cÖavb f‚wgKvB n‡jv gbyl¨Z¡ RvwM‡q †Zvjv| hv
cjv‡ki g‡bvfv‡e j¶Yxq Ges †mUv cÖvewÜKI †P‡q‡Qb| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, cjv‡ki g‡bvfvewU Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi g”jmy‡ii ewntcÖKvk|
Dˇii g”jK_v : cjv‡ki g‡bvfv‡e Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi g”jmy‡iiB ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
cÖkœ  05 beg †kÖwYi QvÎ mR‡ji cÖPÊ AvMÖn Qwe AuvKvi cÖwZ| nVvr GK ivw·Z Zvi mviv kix‡i e¨_v I R¦i evo‡Z _v‡K| evev-gv
Zv‡K wb‡q Wv³v‡ii kiYvcbœ n‡j wewfbœ cix¶v-wbix¶vi ci wi‡cvU© Av‡m Zvi `y‡Uv wKWwbB weKj n‡q †M‡Q| evev-gv‡K cv‡k †c‡q
mRj wRÁvmv K‡i, evev Avwg wK GLb Qwe AuvK‡Z cvie bv? evev-gv `yR‡bB †Q‡j‡K mvš@¡bv †`b Avi m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q `yB nvZ Zz‡j
†Q‡ji Rb¨ †`vqv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
K. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq AKj¨v‡Yi myi ejv n‡q‡Q Kv‡K? 1
L. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq Ôgymjgv‡bi Avos †`wL‡Z bvBÕÑ GB PiY Øviv Kx cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mR‡ji mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwUi e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki mR‡ji evev-gv‡qi cÖv_©bv ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jmyi‡K ¯“k© K‡i wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii c‡¶ hyw³ Dc¯’vcb
K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq ûZz‡gi WvK‡K AKj¨v‡Yi myi ejv n‡q‡Q|
i Ôgymjgv‡bi Avos †`wL‡Z bvB|ÕÑ PiYwU Øviv †Q‡ji Ave`vi i¶v Ki‡Z bv cvivq gv‡qi e¨_©Zv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
evOvwj gymjgvb cwiev‡i wewfbœ ag©xq Abykvmb we`¨gvb| †mwU‡K †ewk MyiZ¡ w`‡q wb‡Ri Afv‡ei welqwU gv Gwo‡q †M‡Qb| KviY
Afv‡ei msmv‡i gv †Q‡ji †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv Ave`viI i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| GKevi †gjvi mgq cyZyj †Kbvi Rb¨ †Q‡j gv‡qi Kv‡Q evqbv
a‡iwQj| ZLb UvKv bv _vKvq gv Zv wK‡b w`‡Z cv‡ibwb| ag©xq `„wó‡KvY †_‡K gymjgvb‡`i †gjvq hvIqvi wKQy cÖwZeÜKZv i‡q‡Q
e‡j wZwb †Q‡j‡K eviY K‡i‡Qb| gv †Q‡j‡K mvš@¡bv †`Iqvi Rb¨ D‡ëv eywS‡q‡QbÑ gymjgv‡bi Avos †`L‡Z †bB|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Ôgymjgv‡bi Avos †`wL‡Z bvB|ÕÑ PiYwU Øviv †Q‡ji Ave`vi i¶v Ki‡Z bv cvivq gv‡qi e¨_©Zv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki mR‡ji mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi cwjÐgvZvi i‚M&Y mš@v‡bi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq GK Amnvq gv Zvi Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi wkq‡i †R‡M _v‡K| gv mš@vb‡K Av`i K‡i, Zvi †ivM fv‡jv K‡i †`evi Rb¨
`iMvq gvbZ K‡i| Amnvq gv‡qi mvg_©¨ †bB e‡j †ivMxi Ilya, c_¨ wKQzB wK‡b w`‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ wbR mvg‡_©¨i †kl we›`y w`‡q
n‡jI mš@v‡bi †ivM fv‡jv Ki‡Z Zvi †Póvi KgwZ †bB|
DÏxc‡Ki mRj beg †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| nVvr GK iv‡Z Zvi kix‡i e¨_v I R¡i evo‡Z _v‡K| evev-gv Zvi Rb¨ Aw¯’i n‡Z _v‡K| †k‡l
Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q †bqvi wm×vš@ †bq| Wv³v‡ii wewfbœ cix¶v-wbix¶vi ci wi‡cvU© Av‡m Zvi `ywU wKWwbB weKj n‡q †M‡Q| GLb †m Qwe
AuvK‡Z cvi‡e wKbv wR‡Ám Ki‡j evev-gv `yRbB †Q‡j‡K mvš@¦bv †`b Avi gnvb AvjÐvni Kv‡Q †Q‡ji my¯’Zvi Rb¨ †`vqv K‡ib| Ggb
NUbvi wgj i‡q‡Q ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi i‚M&Y †Q‡ji cÖwZ gv‡qi f‚wgKvi| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki mR‡ji mv‡_ Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi i‚M&Y
mš@v‡bi PwiÎwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mR‡ji mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi cwjÐgvZvi i‚M&Y mš@v‡bi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k DÏxc‡Ki mR‡ji evev-gv‡qi cÖv_©bv ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jmyi‡K A‡bKvs‡k ¯“k© K‡i|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq GK ggZvgqx gv‡qi Ki‚Y Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| i‚M&Y cy‡Îi wkq‡i e‡m ARvbv Avk¼vq AvR Zvi A‡bK K_vB
g‡b co‡Q| †m Zvi †Q‡ji cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨, c_¨, Avb›` DcKiY wK‡b w`‡Z cv‡iwb Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y|
DÏxc‡Ki evev-gv‡qi msmv‡i Afve †bB| ZvB cyÎ mR‡ji Amy¯’Zvq e‡ov Wv³v‡ii kiYvcbœ n‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| mR‡jiI Ave`vi wQj
†m Qwe AuvK‡Z cvi‡e wK bv| evev gv Zv‡K e‡j‡Q, Av‡M my¯’ nI| evev-gv `yR‡bB †Q‡j‡K mvš@¦bv †`q Avi †ivMgyw³i Rb¨ †`vqv
K‡i| ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvqI gv `iMvq gvbZ K‡i mš@v‡bi my¯’Zvi Rb¨|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  177

ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gv `wi`ª| wZwb †Q‡ji †Kv‡bv Ave`vi c”iY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Amy¯’ †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m †mB bv cvivi e¨_©Zv ¯§iY
K‡iB AvR gg©vnZ| Zvi g‡b cyÎ nviv‡bvi k¼vI †R‡M I‡V| cy‡Îi Rxeb GLb †hb wbey wbey| iv‡Zi AÜKvi, gkvi AZ¨vPvi, †eovi
duvK M‡j kx‡Zi AvMgb BZ¨vw` welq ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq ¯’vb †c‡jI DÏxc‡K Zvi D‡jÐL †bB| DÏxc‡K Amy¯’ †Q‡j, Zvi my¯’Zvi
Rb¨ gnvb AvjÐvni Kv‡Q †`vqv PvIqvi wel‡qi wgj i‡q‡Q Av‡jvP¨ KweZvq| ZvB Gme hyw³‡Z ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki evev-gv‡qi cÖv_©bv
Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi g”jmyi‡K A‡bKvs‡kB ¯“k© K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mR‡ji evev-gv‡qi cÖv_©bv ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jmyi‡K A‡bKvs‡k ¯“k© K‡i|
cÖkœ  06 mvBgb gvZ…fvlv evsjvi cÖwZ Abyi³| G fvlv wb‡q Zvi M‡e©i Aš@ †bB| wKš‘ ZviB mncvVx wmqvg Bs‡iwR‡K AwaK Myi‚Z¡
†`q| Zvi g‡Z Bs‡iwR fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i Rywo †gjv fvi| evsjv wb‡q Zvi †Kv‡bv AvMÖn †bB|
K. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU †Kvb kZ‡K iwPZ? 1
L. Ô†h m‡e e‡½‡Z Rwš§ wns‡m e½evYxÕÑ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wmqv‡gi g‡a¨ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒmvBg‡bi gvbwmKZvq Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwei myi aŸwbZ n‡q‡QÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvwU mß`k kZ‡K iwPZ|
i evsjv‡`‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡iI hviv evsjv fvlv‡K AeÁv, Ae‡njv I N„Yv K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¥cwiPq wb‡q Kwe mw›`nvb|
Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi mvgmgwqK A_©vr m‡Z‡iv kZ‡K GK‡kÖwYi †jvK wb‡Ri †`k, fvlv I ms¯‥…wZ‡K AeÁv I Ae‡njv KiZ| Zviv
evsjv‡K Ôwn›`yi A¶iÕ g‡b K‡i N„Yv KiZ Ges Aviwe-dviwm fvlvq K_v ej‡Z †ewk ¯^v‛Q›`¨‡eva KiZ| Gme gvbyl‡K wkKonxb
ciMvQvi mv‡_ Zyjbv Kiv hvq| ZvB Kwe evsjv fvlv we‡Ølx‡`i cÖwZ KUv¶ K‡i Zv‡`i †ev‡av`q NUv‡Z cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : evsjv‡`‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡iI hviv evsjv fvlv‡K AeÁv, Ae‡njv I N„Yv K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¥cwiPq wb‡q Kwe mw›`nvb|
j DÏxc‡Ki wmqv‡gi g‡a¨ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ evsjv fvlv‡K N„Yv Kivi w`KwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi GKwU Myi‚Z¡c”Y© welq n‡jv gvZ…fvlv‡cÖg| Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi mgq, A_©vr m‡Z‡iv kZ‡K GK‡kÖwYi †jvK wQj hviv
wb‡Ri †`k, fvlv I ms¯‥…wZ m¤“‡K© weåvš@ wQj Ges evsjv fvlv‡K AeÁv Ki‡Zv| Zviv evsjv‡K wn›`yi A¶i e‡j N„Yv Ki‡Zv| ZLb
H †kÖwY Aviwe-dviwm fvlvq K_v ej‡Z †ewk ¯^v‛Q›`¨‡eva Ki‡Zv| GB KweZvq hviv gvZ…fvlv evsjvq wk¶v AR©b Ki‡Z AbvMÖn cÖKvk
K‡i Kwe Zv‡`i †`k †Q‡o P‡j †h‡Z e‡j‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki wmqvg evsjv fvlv‡K AeÁv K‡i| †m gvZ…fvlv ev` w`‡q Bs‡iwR‡K AwaK MyiZ¡ †`q| †m g‡b K‡i Bs‡iwR fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i
Zzjbv nq bv| evsjv wb‡q Zvi †Kv‡bv AvMÖn †bB| G‡Z Zvi evsjv we‡Ølx g‡bvfve dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GB †kÖwYi †jvK‡`i †`k †Q‡o we‡`k
P‡j hvIqv DwPZцmUvB g‡b K‡ib Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwe| G‡`‡k Zv‡`i VuvB †bB| Ab¨ fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei †Kv‡bv we‡Øl †bB| wKš‘
gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁvKvix‡`i cÖwZ Kwe Zxeª †kÐl cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv gvZ…fvlvi †P‡q e‡ov wKQz n‡Z cv‡i bv| †mwU wmqvg eyS‡Z
cv‡iwb e‡jB Zvi g‡Zv †jvK‡`i Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwe N„Yv Ges Zv‡`i Rš§cwiPq wb‡qI mskq cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wmqv‡gi g‡a¨ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq cÖKvwkZ evsjv fvlv‡K N„Yv Kivi w`KwU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
k gvZ…fvlv evsjv‡K fv‡jvevmvq mvBg‡bi gvbwmKZvq Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwei myi aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwe gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Kwei Kv‡Q gvZ…fvlvi g‡Zv kÖ×vi I fv‡jvevmvi Avi wKQz
n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avevi wZwb gvZ…fvlvi Agh©v`v ev Am¤§vb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| KviY gvZ…fvlvi †_‡K wnZKi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
fvlv n‡Z cv‡i bv|
DÏxc‡Ki mvBgb gvZ…fvlv‡K kÖ×v K‡i, m¤§vb Rvbvq| †m gvZ…fvlv evsjvi cÖwZ LyeB Abyi³ Ges Zv‡K gvZ…fvlv‡cÖgx ejv hvq| KviY
†h gvZ…fvlv wb‡q Avgiv Me© Kwi †m fvlv Avgiv †c‡qwQ A‡bK Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q| G fvlv gv‡qi gy‡Li fvlv, †h fvlvq Avgiv cÖvYf‡i
K_v ej‡Z cvwi †m fvlvi gh©v`v Avgiv i¶v KieB| GB fvlv‡ZB Avgiv K_v eje, Ab¨ †Kv‡bv fvlv‡Z bq|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwei gvZ…fvlvcÖxwZ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Z‡e Zuvi Ab¨ we‡`wk fvlvi cÖwZ †Kv‡bv weivM wQj bv| †h †Kv‡bv RvwZi Kv‡QB
Zvi gvZ…fvlv LyeB Zvrch© enb K‡i| gvZ…fvlv e¨ZxZ mvdj¨ AR©b Kiv hvq bv| ZvB Kwe gvZ…fvlv‡K hviv AeÁv K‡i Zv‡`i‡K wZwb
wa°vi Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i‡K Ab¨‡`‡kI P‡j †h‡Z e‡j‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki mvBgb gvZ…fvlv‡K AeÁv K‡iwb| GB fvlvi cÖwZ Zvi Mfxi
fv‡jvevmv Av‡Q| evsjv fvlv wb‡q Zvi M‡e©i Aš@ †bB| Ggb fv‡jvevmvi myi aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Kwei gv‡SI|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gvZ…fvlv evsjv‡K fv‡jvevmvq mvBg‡bi gvbwmKZvq Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwei myi aŸwbZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  07 AskÑ1 : hw` Zzwg fq cvI, Z‡e Zzwg †kl
Avi hw` Zzwg i‚‡L `uvovI
Z‡e Zzwg evsjv‡`k|
AskÑ2 : cÖvY-¯“›`‡b j¶ Zi‚i K‡i
Rxeb-cÖevn mÂvwi gg©‡i
e‡¶ RvMv‡q AvMvgx w`‡bi Avkv
Avgvi †`‡ki GKwU gayi, gayi Avgvi fvlv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  178

K. Ph©vc` Kx? 1
L. ÒAvwg †h G‡mwQ Rq evsjvi eRª KÉ †_‡KÓÑ PiYwU Øviv Kwe Kx †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. Ask-1Gi mv‡_ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ask-2 ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi g”jfve cÖKv‡k m¶g wK? Dˇii c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Ph©vc` n‡jv evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g wb`k©b|
i ÔAvwg †h G‡mwQ Rq evsjvi eRªKÉ †_‡K|ÕÑ ej‡Z ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡b RvwZi RbK e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi eRªK‡Éi †cÖiYv‡K
†evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
evsjvi Awemsev`x †bZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q evOvwj RvwZ ¯^vaxbZvi w`Kwb‡`©kbv cvq| Zuvi
AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡qB G‡`‡ki gvbyl gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡q ¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡i| Gmgq Zuvi D‛PvwiZ ÔRq evsjvÕ aŸwb Avcvgi Rbg‡b
†`kv͇ev‡ai GK Abb¨ †cÖiYv mÂvi K‡i| evOvwj RvwZi AvÍcwiP‡qi m”Î a‡i Kwe ZvB HwZnvwmK ÔRq evsjvÕ aŸwb‡K DcRxe¨
K‡i‡Qb| cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU Øviv G K_vB †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : cÖ‡kœv³ PiYwUi gva¨‡g †evSv‡bv n‡q‡QÑ Rq evsjvi eRªK‡Éi m‡½ evOvwj RvwZmËv Awe‡‛Q`¨fv‡e hy³|
j Ask-1Gi mv‡_ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv evOvwj RvwZi msMÖvgx cUf‚wg|
ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq evOvwji `xN© msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm-HwZn¨‡K wea„Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b evOvwji AvÍcwiP‡qi GK Amvgvb¨ wPÎ
dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Kwe Zuvi G KweZvq evOvwji D™¢e, µgweKvk, msMÖvg BZ¨vw` cig ggZvq D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb| ¯^vaxb ivóª Ges
AvÍgh©v`v‡evam¤“bœ RvwZmËv cÖwZôvq Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v mg„× BwZnv‡mi K_v G KweZvq ejv n‡q‡Q| weªwUkwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb †_‡K
me©‡kl e½eÜyi ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki weRq Muv_v G KweZvq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Ask-1G ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi Aby‡cÖiYvg”jK K_v wea„Z n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b fq‡K Rq Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b
j‡o‡Q G‡`‡ki exi evOvwjiv| jovB msMÖvg K‡iB weRq AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q hy‡M hy‡M| bvbv PovB-DrivB †cwi‡q A‡bK i‡³i
wewbg‡q AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`k cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| Ggb Z¨vMx Avi mvnmx e³e¨ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvqI cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| evOvwj AvR
¯^vaxb, mve©‡f․g I AvÍgh©v`vkxj RvwZ| Ask-1Gi mv‡_ G e³‡e¨i h‡_ó Myi‚Z¡ i‡q‡Q Ges mvnmx msMÖv‡gi mv‡_ Gi mv`„k¨I we`¨gvb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv evOvwj RvwZi msMÖvgx cUf‚wg|
k Ask-2 ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi g”jfve cÖKv‡k A‡bKvs‡kB m¶g|
ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq Kwe ¯^vaxb mve©‡f․g ivóª I RvwZmËv cÖwZôvi †cQ‡bi †M․i‡ev¾¡j BwZnvm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Kwe Mfxi ggZvq
wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb mg„× †mB BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‥…wZi cUf‚wg, †hLv‡b evOvwji i‡q‡Q A‡bK Ae`vb|
Ask-2G evOvwji Avkv RvMvwbqv `„p cÖZ¨q dz‡U D‡V‡Q| G `xß g‡bvfve GKvš@B †`‡ki Rb¨, †`‡ki gvby‡li Rb¨| A‡bK Z¨vM I
msMÖvg †hLv‡b Aek¨¤¢vex †mLv‡b `„p A½xKvi AZ¨vek¨K| evOvwj Zv Rv‡b, hyM hyM a‡i msMÖvg K‡iB AvR‡Ki ch©v‡q G‡m †cu․‡Q‡Q
evOvwj I evsjv‡`k| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Avgiv wPiFYx| cÖvY-¯“›`b hv‡`i hy‡× Rqjvf Kiv, e‡¶ wQj hv‡`i Rxeb cÖevn|
ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi welqe¯‘ A‡bK e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| †mB Zzjbvq Ask-2Gi welqe¯‘ msw¶ß| evOvwji e‡¶ wVK †hgb AvMvgx
w`‡bi Avkv RvMvq †Zgwb hyM hyM a‡i Zvi mÂvwiZ gg©i aŸwb AbvMZ fwel¨r †R‡b hv‡e| G As‡ki fve e¨Äbvi D‡jÐL cvIqv hvq
ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq| G KweZvq AviI Av‡Q Puv` mI`vM‡ii evwYR¨ hvÎvi K_v, •KeZ© we‡`ªvn, cvjhy‡Mi wPÎKjvi Av‡›`vjb,
†e․×wenv‡ii ÁvbPP©v, e½eÜyi ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi K_v| wKš‘ Gm‡ei cÖZ¨¶ D‡jÐL †bB Ask-2G| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, Ask-2
Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi g”jfve cÖKv‡k cy‡ivcywi bq, A‡bKvs‡k m¶g|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Ask-2 ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi g”jfve cÖKv‡k A‡bKvs‡kB m¶g|
cÖkœ  08 ewikv‡j bvbv evwo †eov‡Z hvevi mgq j Wzwe‡Z wmiv‡Ri gv-evev, fvB-†evb gviv hvq| wmivR A‡j․wKKfv‡e †eu‡P hvq|
cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nvwi‡q †m ¯@ä n‡q †M‡Q| Pvicv‡ki RMr Zvi Kv‡Q k”b¨ g‡b nq| GLb †m GK QbœQvov gvbyl|
K. ÒAvwgI †Zvgvi m‡½ hy× Kie|Ó Dw³wU Kvi? 1
L. Òg‡b nq, GB eywS †`kUv ¯^vaxb n‡jv|Ó eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wmiv‡Ri mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mgMÖ fve aviY K‡iwbÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔAvwgI †Zvgvi m‡½ hy× Kie|ÕÑDw³wU Kzwš@i|
i Lvjv eyav‡K Av`i K‡i Ges Zvi gv‡S gay‡K †`L‡Z cvq| ZvB †m e‡j‡Q, g‡b nq GB eywS †`kUv ¯^vaxb n‡jv|
eyav ivbœvN‡ii eviv›`vq cv MywU‡q e‡m e‡j, Lvjv Avgvi wL‡` †c‡q‡Q| mvivw`b LvBwb| Lvjv e‡j, †Zv‡K KZ ewj †ivR G‡m fvZ †L‡q
hvwe| †Kb †h ZzB Avwmm bv| Avgvi mvg‡b e‡m †Zv‡K fvZ †L‡Z †`L‡j Avgvi Kó K‡g hvq| ey‡Ki k”b¨ RvqMvUv f‡i I‡V| g‡b
nq, GB eywS †`kUv ¯^vaxb n‡jv| g”jZ eyavi gv‡S Lvjv gay‡K †`L‡Z cvq| †Kbbv cvwK¯@vwbiv gay‡K †g‡i †d‡j‡Q GB †f‡e|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  179

Dˇii g”jK_v : Lvjv eyavi gv‡S gay‡K †`L‡Z cvq GRb¨B e‡j‡Q, g‡b nq GB eywS †`kUv ¯^vaxb n‡jv|
j DÏxc‡Ki wmiv‡Ri mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwU n‡jv wK‡kvi eyav|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav gy³fv‡e Rxebhvcb K‡i| G‡ZB Zvi Avb›`| †m gnvgvwi‡Z evev-gv, fvB-†evb meB nvwi‡q‡Q| †m GwZg,
Zey Zvi MÖv‡gi mevB Avcb| Z‡e †m Kv‡iv Ici wbf©i K‡i bv| MÖv‡gi mevi KvR K‡i †`q †m| Avevi mevi Kv‡R †m Av`iI cvq|
DÏxc‡Ki wmiv‡Ri RxebI Abyiƒc| wmivR †hgb QbœQvov gvbyl †Zgwb eyavi RxebI QbœQvov| Z‡e mvnmx GK wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v| Zvi
mvnmxKZv AZzjbxq Ges wbtm‡›`‡n cÖksmbxq|
DÏxc‡Ki wmivR ewikv‡j bvbvi evwo‡Z †eov‡Z hvIqvi mgq j Wz‡e hvq| †mB jÂWzwe‡Z Zvi gv-evev I fvB-†evb gviv hvq| Z‡e
wmivR fvM¨µ‡g †eu‡P hvq| cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nvwi‡q †m ¯@ä n‡q †M‡Q| Pvicv‡ki RMr Zvi Kv‡Q k”b¨ g‡b nq| Zvi Rxe‡bi mv‡_
mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ eyavi| Muv‡qi †jvK Zv‡K cvMj ej‡jI †m Avm‡j GK mvnmx evjK| †m gyw³hy‡×
kvwš@ KwgwU Avi ivRvKvi KgvÛv‡ii evwo AvMyb w`‡q cywo‡q †`q| †`‡ki cÖwZ Zvi fv‡jvevmv wQj| †`kv͇eva Zvi Pwi‡Îi cÖavb
•ewkó¨| DÏxc‡Ki wmiv‡Ri cwievi j Wz‡e gviv hvq| †m n‡q c‡o GwZg Avi eyavi cwievi gviv hvq gnvgvwi‡Z Avi †m n‡q c‡o
GKv I QbœQvov| Gfv‡e Df‡qi g‡a¨ mv`k¨ dz‡U I‡V|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wmiv‡Ri mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwU n‡jv wK‡kvi eyav|
k ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mgMÖfve aviY K‡iwb|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z eyav GwZg| †m K‡jivq evev-gv, fvB-†evb mevB‡K nvwi‡q‡Q| GwZg eyav nv‡U-gv‡V-Nv‡U meLv‡bB Ny‡i
†eovq| †hLv‡b ivZ †mLv‡bB KvZ Ggb Ae¯’v n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki welq-cwimi msw¶ß wKš‘ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| DÏxc‡K †eov‡Z hvIqvi NUbv G‡m‡Q, Avi
†mLv‡b jÂWzwe‡Z wmivR Zvi evev-gv, fvB-†evb‡K nvivq| A‡j․wKKfv‡e †m †eu‡P hvq| cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nvwi‡q †m GLb wbt¯^|
Pviw`‡K †m AÜKvi †`‡L| †m GK QbœQvov gvbyl| Giƒc NUbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi gv‡S j¶Yxq| eyavI wmiv‡Ri g‡Zv GwZg
Ges QbœQvov|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav QvovI AviI PwiÎ i‡q‡Q| G PwiÎMy‡jv n‡‛Q Kzwš@, †bvjK eyqv, nwiKvKz, Avnv` gywÝ, Avwj, dzjKwj,
ivRvKvi KzÏym I gyw³‡hv×v wkíx kvnveywÏb| G PwiÎMy‡jv QvovI AviI GKR‡bi cÖfve G Dcb¨v‡m ¯“ó| wZwb n‡‛Qb e½eÜy|
Gme Pwi‡Îi gva¨‡g Dcb¨vmwU e¨vcK we¯@…wZ jvf K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K Gfv‡e `wi‡`ªi wPÎvqb I NUbvi eY©bv †bB| gyw³hy‡×i
NUbv, ivRvKv‡ii f‚wgKv BZ¨vw` m¤“‡K© †Kv‡bv NUbviI D‡jÐL †bB| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡mi mgMÖfve aviY K‡iwb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mgMÖfve aviY Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb|
cÖkœ  09 meyR gv-evev, fvB-†evb wb‡q Avb‡›`i mv‡_B †e‡o DVwQj| 1971 mv‡j cvKevwnbxi †`vmi igRvb Avjxi mn‡hvwMZvq
gv-evev Avi fvB-†evb‡K nvbv`vi evwnbx †g‡i †dj‡jI KvKZvjxqfv‡e †eu‡P hvq †m| cvwK¯@vwb‡`i cÖwZ Pig N„Yv Avi ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi
†e`bvq meyR P‡j hvq hy‡×i gq`v‡b|
K. gay Kxfv‡e wbnZ n‡q‡Q? 1
L. eyav gvwUKvUv `‡j †hvM w`‡qwQj †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki igRvb Avjxi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h Pwi‡Îi wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq Zvi eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki meyR I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡bvfve GK I AwfbœÓÑ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h gay wgwjUvwii eªvkdvqv‡i wbnZ n‡q‡Q|
i wgwjUvwi K¨v¤“ aŸsm Ki‡Z evsKv‡i gvBb †cuvZvi Rb¨ eyav gvwU KvUvi `‡j †hvM †`q|
kvnveywÏb GKRb gyw³‡hv×v KgvÛvi| wZwb wgwjUvwi K¨v¤“ aŸsm Kivi cwiKíbv K‡ib| ZLb eyav my ‡hvM ey‡S gvwU KvUv `‡ji m‡½
evsKvi •Zwii Rb¨ †hvM †`q| Gfv‡e †m wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤“ cÖ‡ek K‡i| Gici K¨v‡¤“i evsKv‡i †m gvBb cyu‡Z †i‡L Av‡m|
Dˇii g”jK_v : eyav evsKv‡i gvBb †cuvZvi Rb¨ gvwU KvUv `‡j †hvM`vb K‡i|
j DÏxc‡Ki igRvb Avjxi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ivRvKvi KzÏym I Avnv` gywÝ Pwi‡Îi wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ GKwU gyw³hy×wfwËK Dcb¨vm| GwU‡Z mgMÖ evsjv‡`k D‡V Av‡mwb; G‡m‡Q GKwU MÖv‡gi cÖwZ‛Qwe| MÖvgwU‡Z cvK
wgwjUvwiiv hLb cÖ‡ek K‡i ZLb KvK-c¶xi g‡Zv gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i| Zv‡`i mnvqZv K‡i G‡`‡ki wKQz KzPµx †`k‡`ªvnx †jvK|
ivRvKvi KzÏym Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb| GQvov Avnv` gywÝI GKwU wek¦vmNvZK PwiÎ| †mI cvKevwnbxi Avµg‡Y mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| KzÏym,
Avnv` gywÝ DfqB ¯^v_©ci I †`k‡`ªvnx PwiÎ|
DÏxc‡K GKwU †bwZevPK PwiÎ D‡jÐL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m n‡jv igRvb Avjx| †m 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡× evsjv‡`‡ki wec‡¶ KvR K‡i‡Q|
cvKevwnbxi †`vmi igRvb Avjxi K‚U‡K․k‡j mey‡Ri gv-evev I fvB-†evb‡K nviv‡Z nq| nvbv`vi evwnbx Zv‡`i †g‡i †dj‡jI
KvKZvjxqfv‡e †eu‡P hvq meyR| †m cvKevwnbxi b„ksm nZ¨vKvÊ †`‡L‡Q| ¯^Rb nviv‡bvi †e`bvq meyR P‡j hvq hy‡×i gq`v‡b| igRvb
Avjxi gv‡Zv eû †jvK †`‡ki mv‡_ wek¦vm-NvZKZv K‡i‡Q| Gfv‡e Zvi mv‡_ Dcb¨v‡mi KzÏym Avi Avnv` gywÝi wgj Luy‡R cvIqv hvq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  180

Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki igRvb Avjxi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi ivRvKvi KzÏym I Avnv` gywÝ Pwi‡Îi wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki meyR I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡bvfve GK I Awfbœ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z eyav GK A`g¨ PwiÎ| †m wbfx©K, f‡qi Mí †kv‡bwb| †KD Zv‡K RyRyi fq †`Lvqwb| †m GKv GKv wb‡Ri
wbq‡g e‡ov n‡q‡Q| gnvgvwi‡Z cwiev‡ii mevB‡K nvwi‡q †m n‡q D‡V‡Q A`g¨ mvnmx GK QbœQvov wK‡kvi|
DÏxc‡Ki meyR GK mvnmx PwiÎ| 1971 mv‡ji gnvb hy‡× †m evev-gv, fvB-†evb‡K nvwi‡q‡Q| †m AfvMv, Abv_ GK wK‡kvi| †m
hy‡× cvKevwnbx KZ…©K b„ksm nZ¨vKvÊ †`‡L‡Q| cvwK¯@vwb‡`i cÖwZ Zvi Pig N„Yv R‡š§‡Q| g‡bi GKvš@ B‛Qv‡ZB †m hy‡× †M‡Q|
¯^Rb nviv‡bvi †e`bv †m mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Zvi g‡Zv eyavI hy‡× Ask †bq| eyav ¯^Rb nvwi‡q‡Q gnvgvwi‡Z| †m GKRb mvnmx †hv×v|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb PwiÎ eyav| Zvi g‡bvfv‡ei mv‡_ mey‡Ri g‡bvfv‡ei wgj i‡q‡Q| Zviv DfqB jovKz •mwbK| Zviv †`‡ki
cÖ‡qvR‡b hy‡× hvq| †K․k‡j eyav cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i civ¯@ K‡i| gvBb cuy‡Z iv‡L, Ab¨fv‡e †LuvR †bq cvK‡mbv‡`i Ae¯’vb m¤“‡K©|
†m e½eÜyi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY ï‡bI D¾xweZ nq| mey‡Ri hy‡× P‡j hvIqvi mvnwmKZvi mv‡_ eyavi wgj i‡q‡Q| Zviv DfqB Pigfv‡e
N„Yv K‡i nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K| KviY Zviv wbwe©Pv‡i evOvwj wbab K‡i‡Q| b¨vh¨ AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ K‡i‡Q| gv-†evb‡`i Am¤§vb K‡i‡Q|
GgZve¯’vq eyav I mey‡Ri wm×vš@‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡bv hvq| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, Zv‡`i Df‡qi g‡bvfve GK I Awfbœ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki meyR I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡bvfve GK I Awfbœ e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
cÖkœ  10 ¯^vgxnviv Rvwn`v `ywU Kb¨vmš@vb‡K wb‡q XvKvi ew¯@‡Z evm K‡i| †m Mv‡g©›U‡m †cvkvK Kg©xi KvR K‡i| e‡ov †g‡q
Avd‡ivRv beg †kÖwY‡Z cov‡kvbv K‡i| cÖwZ‡ekx iv‡njv Rvwn`v‡K ZvovZvwo †g‡q we‡q w`‡q †evSv Kgv‡Z e‡j| G wel‡q Rvwn`v
Kvb bv w`‡q Avd‡ivRv‡K AviI cov‡kvbvi e¨vcv‡i Drmvn w`‡Z _v‡K| iv‡njvi †gv‡UI G welqwU cQ›` jv‡M bv|
K. ewncx‡ii evwo †Kv_vq? 1
L. nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g D‡VwQj †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avd‡ivRvi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb PwiÎwUi •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev DÏxc‡Ki Rvwn`vi g‡Zv n‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ wfbœ n‡Z cviZ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ewncx‡ii evwo mybvgMÄ|
i UvKvi Afv‡e nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g D‡VwQj|
†ikgcy‡ii Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj| Rwgi LvRbv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z bv cvivq Zvi Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g DV‡Z P‡j‡Q m”h©v¯@ AvB‡bi Ke‡j
c‡o| eÜyi KvQ †_‡K UvKv cvIqvi Avkvq wZwb kn‡i Av‡mb, wKš‘ UvKv †RvMvo Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| G Kvi‡YB nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi
wbjv‡g D‡VwQj|
Dˇii g”jK_v : UvKvi Afv‡e nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g D‡VwQj|
j DÏxc‡Ki Avd‡ivRvi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv PwiÎwUi •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Ab¨Zg PwiÎ Zv‡niv| evev Avi mrgv‡qi wm×v‡š@ gvZ…nxb Zv‡nivi we‡q wVK nq e„× GK wc‡ii m‡½| Zv‡nivi
gZvgZ‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i cy‡Y¨i K_v †f‡e Zviv †Rvi K‡i Zv‡niv‡K we‡q w`‡Z Pvq| Ggb Ae¯’vq we‡q †_‡K †invB †c‡Z Zv‡niv
cvjv‡Z eva¨ nq|
DÏxc‡Ki Avd‡ivRv beg †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| Zvi evev †eu‡P †bB| gv Rvwn`v `ywU Kb¨v mš@vb wb‡q XvKvi ew¯@‡Z evm K‡i| Zvi gv
Mv‡g©‡›U‡m †cvkvK Kgx©i KvR K‡i| cÖwZ‡ekx iv‡njv GKwU KzPµx gwnjv| †m Avd‡ivRv‡K ZvovZvwo †g‡q‡`i we‡q w`‡q †evSv Kgv‡Z
e‡j| Zvi Ggb †bwZevPK K_vq †m KY©cvZ K‡iwb| Avd‡ivRvi e¨vcv‡i Ggb e³e¨ _vK‡jI Zv‡nivi †¶‡Î Zv †bB| ÔewncxiÕ
bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv GK `„p‡PZv cÖwZev`x PwiÎ| wKš‘ Avd‡ivRvi gv‡S Ggb MyY dz‡U D‡Vwb| Zv‡niv GKRb e¨w³Z¡m¤“bœ Ges
AvÍgh©v`vkxj bvix| hv Avd‡ivRvi gv‡S †`Lv hvq bv| Zv‡nivi B‛Qvi wei‚‡× we‡q wVK n‡j Zv †m †g‡b †bqwb| Avi we‡qi e¨vcv‡i
Avd‡ivRvi †Kv‡bv e³e¨ Av‡mwb| ZvB DÏxc‡Ki Avd‡ivRvi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv PwiÎwUi •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Avd‡ivRvi mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv PwiÎwUi •emv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÒÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev DÏxc‡Ki Rvwn`vi g‡Zv n‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ wfbœ n‡Z cviZ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki GKwU Myi‚Z¡c”Y© PwiÎ Zv‡niv| Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB bvU‡Ki NUbvcÖevn AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| AÜ wcifw³i Kvi‡Y Zv‡nivi
evev wK‡kvix Zv‡niv‡K GKRb Amg eqwm wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡q †`q| Zv bv n‡j wc‡ii e`‡`vqvq Zviv aŸsm n‡q hv‡e|
DÏxc‡Ki Rvwn`v mgqÁvbm¤“bœ GK bvix| Zvi ¯^vgx †eu‡P †bB wKš@y `vwqZ¡-Ávb i‡q‡Q| Afv‡ei msmv‡i Zvi `ywU Kb¨v mš@vb
i‡q‡Q| †m XvKvi GK ew¯@‡Z evm K‡i| †m Mv‡g©›U‡m PvKwi K‡i| Zvi e‡ov †g‡q beg †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| iv‡njv Zv‡K †g‡qi we‡q w`‡q
†evSv Kgv‡Z e‡j wKš‘ Rvwn`v Zvi K_vq Kvb †`qwb eis †m e‡j‡Q †g‡q Zvi cov‡kvbv Ki‚K| cov‡kvbvi e¨vcv‡i †m †g‡q‡K Drmvn
†`q| hv Zv‡nivi evevi g‡a¨ cwijw¶Z nq bv|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  181

ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev GKRb bxP I Kzms¯‥vigbv †jvK| Zvi evev Zv‡K GK e„× wc‡ii mv‡_ we‡q †`q| hvi dj fv‡jv
nqwb| Zv‡niv G Amg we‡q †g‡b bv wb‡q evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q‡Q| †m kniMvgx eRivq P‡o e‡m‡Q| †m e„×i mv‡_ Zvi bv hvIqvi
wm×vš@ †_‡K m‡i Av‡mwb| G wn‡m‡e Zv‡niv GKwU Abgbxq PwiÎ| me‡k‡l Zv‡niv bZzb Rxe‡bi mÜv‡b nv‡kg Avwji nvZ a‡i
P‡j hvq| wKš‘ Rvwn`vi gv †g‡qi e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb wQj Ges Zv‡K cov‡kv‡bv Ki‡Z Drmvn w`Z| ZvB Zv‡nivi evev DÏxc‡Ki
Rvwn`vi g‡Zv n‡j bvU‡Ki cwiw¯’wZ wfbœ n‡Z cviZ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev DÏxc‡Ki Rvwn`vi g‡Zv n‡j bvU‡Ki cwiYwZ Aek¨B wfbœ n‡Zv|

cÖkœ  11 ga¨weË N‡ii †g‡q gv‡R`v ¯’vbxq K‡j‡R Gevi GBPGmwm cix¶v_©x| N‡i mrgv Zvi evev‡K ïay we‡qi Rb¨ NUK WvKvi
Pvc †`q| gv‡R`v †jLv-cov K‡i cÖwZwôZ n‡Z Pvq| G Ae¯’vq †m MÖv‡gi m`¨ wek^we`¨vjq cvk Kiv wb‡Uv‡ji mn‡hvwMZvq
evev-gv‡K we‡q †_‡K weiZ ivL‡Z m¶g nq|
K. ewncxi †Kvb fvlvq K_v e‡j? 1
L. Ô†Lv`v B‛Qv Kwi‡j coš@ NiI V¨vKv w`qv `uvo KivBqv ivLv hvqÕÑ ewncx‡ii GB Dw³‡Z Kx g‡bvfve dz‡U D‡V‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wb‡Uv‡ji mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †h Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki gv‡R`v ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi †P‡q AwaKZi AvaywbK|ÓÑ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ewncxi eB‡qi fvlvq K_v e‡j|
i Ò†Lv`v B‛Qv Kwi‡j coš@ NiI V¨vKv w`‡q `uvo KivBqv ivLv hvq|ÓÑ ewncx‡ii G Dw³‡Z AvjÐvn †h me©kw³gvb Ges Zvi Ici
fimv Ki‡j wg_¨vi g‡Zv e‡ov wec` †_‡KI †h gyw³ cvIqv hvq †mB wek¦vmx g‡bvfve dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
†Lv`v hv K‡ib Zv g½‡ji Rb¨B K‡ib| nv‡Zg Avwj‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ewncxi GK_v e‡j‡Qb| nv‡Zg Avwj †h wg_¨v K_v e‡j‡Q Zvi Rb¨ †m
gvd PvB‡Q ewncx‡ii Kv‡Q| e‡j‡Q †m Amy¯’, `vIqvB Kivi Rb¨ kn‡i G‡m‡Q| †m K_v mwZ¨ bq| Z‡e Amy‡Li fvb bv K‡i Zvi Dcvq wQj
bv| wKš‘ GLb me †kl n‡q‡Q| Avmj K_vUv Avi wg_¨v K_v w`‡q V¨vKv †`Iqv hvq bv| ZvB mvš@¦bv ¯^iƒc ewncxi Zv‡K cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡ib|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ewncx‡ii G Dw³‡Z AvjÐvn †h me©kw³gvb †mB wek¦vmx g‡bvfve dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki wb‡Uv‡ji mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K nv‡kg Avwj Rwg`vicyÎ| †m GB bvU‡Ki AZ¨š@ Myi‚Z¡c”Y© PwiÎ| †m AZ¨š@ kvš@fv‡e ewncx‡ii K‚UPvj‡K †gvKvwejv
K‡i‡Q Ges cwi‡k‡l Rqjvf K‡i‡Q| Rwg`vicyÎ n‡jI •elwqK we‡ePbv Zvi Kv‡Q Kg| Rwg`vwi wb‡q †m fv‡e bv| †m weG cvk|
DÏxc‡Ki wb‡UvjI wkw¶Z †Q‡j| wcZvi Rwg`vwi P‡j †M‡j Ges †cÖm emv‡Z bv cvi‡jI †m wPwš@Z bq| †m fv‡e, hLb cov‡jLv
K‡i‡Q ZLb GKUv wKQz n‡q hv‡e|
DÏxc‡Ki wb‡Uvj ev¯@eev`x GKwU †Q‡j| †m †hgb wkw¶Z †Zgwb m‡PZb| †m A‡b¨i DcKvi Ki‡Z m`vZrci| †m AvaywbK gb‡bi
GKwU †Q‡j| gv‡R`v Gevi GBPGmwm cix¶v †`‡e| GLbB mrgv Zv‡K we‡q w`‡Z Pvq| evev‡K NUK WvKvi K_v e‡j| wKš‘ gv‡R`v
†jLvcov K‡i cÖwZwôZ n‡Z Pvq| Zvi GB B‛Qvi cÖwZ m¤§vb RvwM‡q‡Q m`¨ wek¦we`¨vjq cvk Kiv wb‡Uvj| wb‡Uvj Zvi evev-gv‡K
eywS‡q‡Q hv‡Z Zv‡K GLbB we‡q bv w`‡q cov‡jLv Kivi my‡hvM †`q| GK ch©v‡q wb‡Uv‡ji K_v Zviv iv‡L| wb‡Uvj †hgb AvaywbK I
gvbweK Abyf‚wZm¤“bœ †Q‡j †Zgwb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj GK mnvqK PwiÎ| †m eRivq AvMZ †g‡qwUi mgm¨vi cÖ K…wZ Dcjwä
K‡i| †m Zvi cÖwZ mnvbyf‚wZm¤“bœ n‡q c‡o| †g‡qwU AvÍnbb Ki‡Z †M‡j †m Zv‡K i¶v K‡i| Gfv‡e DÏxc‡Ki wb‡Uv‡ji mv‡_
nv‡kg Avwj Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ dz‡U D‡V|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wb‡Uv‡ji mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki gv‡R`v ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi †P‡q AwaKZi AvaywbK|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv me‡P‡q Myi‚Z¡c”Y© PwiÎ| Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB G bvU‡Ki MVbvcÖevn AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| Zvi ¯^fv‡e `ywU w`K dz‡U
D‡V‡Q| GKwU gvbweK Ab¨wU †m Abgbxq| Zv‡K wek kZ‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢ bvix AwaKvi I RvMi‡Yi cÖZxK ejv hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki gv‡R`v AvaywbK gbbkxj bvix| Zv‡KI bvix RvMi‡Yi cÖZxK ejv hvq| †m ga¨weË N‡ii †g‡q| †m ¯’vbxq K‡jR †_‡K
Gevi GBPGmwm cix¶v †`‡e| †m cov‡jLv K‡i cÖwZwôZ n‡Z Pvq| N‡i Zvi mrgv| GB gv Zvi evev‡K Pvc †`q †g‡q‡K we‡q †`Iqvi
Rb¨| wKš‘ †g‡q GLbB we‡q Ki‡e bv| Ab¨w`‡K Zv‡niv‡K we‡q w`‡j †m cvwj‡q hvq| †m Amg Ab¨vq we‡q †g‡b †bqwb|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv ZZUv AvaywbK n‡Z cv‡iwb hZUv †c‡i‡Q DÏxc‡Ki gv‡R`v| KviY hLb †m Rwg`v‡ii Amnvq‡Z¡i K_v †R‡b‡Q ZLbB e„×
wc‡ii mv‡_ †h‡Z ivwR n‡q‡Q| Zv‡nivi g‡a¨ H wk¶v †bB hv gv‡R`vi g‡a¨ Av‡Q| Zv‡niv hw`I gvbweKZvi cwiPq †`Iqv GKwU Abgbxq PwiÎ
Z_vwc AvaywbKZvq GwM‡q Av‡Q gv‡R`v| KviY Zvi GKUv ¯^cœ-mva Av‡Q Avi †mUv n‡jv cov‡jLv K‡i cÖwZwôZ nIqv, Zvici we‡q Kiv| Gw`KUv
Zv‡nivi gv‡S cÖwZdwjZ nqwb| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki gv‡R`v bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi †P‡q AwaKZi AvaywbK|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki gv‡R`v ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi †P‡q AwaKZi AvaywbK GKwU PwiÎ|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  182

wm‡jU †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg”n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U
Kjg Øviv m¤“”Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi g¨vwRK ev‡K¨ †jLK Kx cy‡i w`‡q‡Qb? 16. ¯^vaxbZv gvby‡li †Kvb ai‡bi AwaKvi?
E wbgMv‡Qi DcKv‡ii K_v F Kwei cÖksmv E Rš§MZ F AwR©Z G AvBbMZ H ivR‣bwZK
 G j²x eD‡qi K‡ói K_v H mxgvnxb K_vi AvL¨vb 17. Avwg Ggb GK bvixi mš@vb, mvaviY ﮋ gvsmB wQj huvnvi wbZ¨Kvi
2. nv‡Zg Avjxi Rwg`vwi †Kv_vq wQj? Avnvh©Ñ GK_vq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q nRi‡ZiÑ
E †Wgiv F mybvgMÄ G †ikgcyi H cjvkcyi i. J`vh©‡eva ii. mvgvb¨Zv‡eva iii. gnË¡‡eva
3. gvB‡Kj gaym”`b `‡Ëi Agi KxwZ© †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E eªRv½bv Kve¨ F exiv½bv Kve¨ Ei F ii G i I ii H i, ii I iii
 G †gNbv`ea Kve¨ H wZ‡jvËgvm¤¢e Kve¨  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 18 I 19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
4. eyav Kv‡K m¨vjyU K‡i?  bvwmi mv‡ne GKwU jvB‡eªwi M‡o †Zv‡jb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib h_v_© wkw¶Z
E kvnveywÏb F Avnv` gywÝ G wgwjUvwi H KzÏym n‡Z n‡j g‡bi cÖmviZv `iKviÑ hv eB covi gva¨‡gB m¤¢e|
5. mvwn‡Z¨i kvLvMy‡jvi g‡a¨ me©Kwbô †KvbwU? 18. DÏxcKwU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †h wel‡qi mv‡_ m¤“K©hy³Ñ
E cÖeÜ F bvUK G KweZv H †Qv‡UvMí i. eB covi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ii. jvB‡eªwii Myi‚Z¡
6. i‚gxi gyw³i e¨vcv‡i gvwm© wcwUkb bv Kivi gva¨‡g dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ iii. ¯‥zj-K‡j‡Ri Myi‚Z¡
i. AvÍgh©v`v‡eva ii. cvwK¯@vwb‡`i cÖwZ ivM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. Ab¨v‡qi Kv‡Q gv_v bZ bv Kiv E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 19. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü †h w`KwU DÏxc‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡QÑ
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii E mvwn‡Z¨i mv_©KZv F jvB‡eªwii Myi‚Z¡
7. cÖZœZË¡ HwZ‡n¨i cÖZxK †KvbwU?  G mvwnZ¨PP©vi Myi‚Z¡ H nvmcvZv‡ji Myi‚Z¡
E e‡i›`ªf‚‡g †mvbv gmwR` F mI`vM‡ii wWOvi eni 20. 1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤^i Kx evi wQj?
 G AvDj evDj gvwUi †`Dj H cvnvocy‡ii †e․× wenvi E e„n¯“wZevi F ïµevi G kwbevi H iweevi
8. Ô†fvi †Zv n‡q‡Q AvKvk n‡q‡Q jvjÕÑ PiYwU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 21. myfvi evevi bvg Kx?
E `ytL †k‡l myL G‡m‡Q F eivÏK…Z mgq †kl n‡q‡Q E bxjgwb ivq F evYxKÉ
 G Kv‡R hvIqvi mgq n‡q‡Q H `yt‡Li w`b ïi‚ n‡q‡Q   G nwini ivq H cÖZvc ivq
9. Kveyj †_‡K LvRv‡gvjÐv MÖvgwUi `”iZ¡ KZ? 22. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi †kl cO&w³ †KvbwU?
E †`o gvBj F AvovB gvBj E wbR †`k †ZqvMx †Kb we‡`k b hvq \
 G mv‡o wZb gvBj H cuvP gvBj F †m me Kvnvi Rš§ wbY©q b Rvwb \
10. ÔRxeb-msMxZÕ KweZvq Kwe †KvbwU Avkv Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb?  G †mB evK¨ ey‡S cÖfz Av‡c wbiÄb \
E m¤“‡`i F `xN©vqyi G my‡Li H jv‡fi H †`kx fvlv Dc‡`k g‡b wnZ AwZ \
11. bvB †`k-Kvj-cv‡Îi †f`, A‡f` ag©RvwZ| ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi G Pi‡Y Kx 23. Ô`ywbqvUv mwZ¨ KwVb †¶ÎÕÑ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K †K G Dw³wU K‡i‡Q?
cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q? E ewncxi F nv‡Zg G nv‡kg H †Lv‡`Rv
E RvwZ‡f` F Amv¤“ª`vwqKZv G mvg¨ev` H eY©‣elg¨ 24. `kNivq emev‡mi wm×v‡š@ nwini Kvi m‡½ civgk© Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb?
12. †mvnvb‡`i evwo‡Z GKRb `wi`ª gwnjv _v‡Kb? †mvnvb Zvi mv‡_ fve E fzeb gyLvR©x F me©Rqv gyLvR©x
K‡i| gwnjvI †mvnvb‡K wbR mš@v‡bi g‡Zv fv‡jvev‡mb|  G gRyg`vi gnvkq H bxjgwb ivq 
DÏxcKwU wb‡Pi †Kvb iPbvi fv‡ei mv‡_ m½wZc”Y©? 25. bvU‡Ki PwiÎMy‡jv Kx‡mi †fZi w`‡q gyLi nq?
E ggZvw` F GKvˇii w`bMywj E PwiÎ F Kvwnwb G msjvc H cwi‡ek
 G Avg-AuvwUi †fucy H myfv  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
13. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq ÔAgi KweZvÕ ej‡Z S‡o MvQPvcv c‡o †Zviv‡ei gv-evev, fvB-†evb mevB gviv †Mj| ïay
Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? †Kgbfv‡e †hb †eu‡P †Mj †Zvive|
E ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k F RbZvi msMÖvg 26. DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?
 G we¶zä RbZv H e½eÜyi fvlY E K‡jiv F hy× G AwMœKvÊ H nZ¨vKvÊ
14. Ávb †hLv‡b mxgve×, eyw× †mLv‡b Avoó, gyw³ †mLv‡b Am¤¢e|Ñ 27. DÏxc‡Ki †Zvive ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡ZvÑ
Dw³wUi m‡½ Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb evK¨wU mv`„k¨c”Y©? i. GwZg ii. mvnmx iii. Amnvq
E gyw³i Rb¨ wk¶v‡KB me©v‡c¶v Myi‚Z¡ w`‡Z n‡e| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
F A_© mvabvq Rxeb mvabv bq G †eva •Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ei F i I ii G ii I iii H i I iii
 G A_©-wPš@vi wbMo †_‡K gy³ bv n‡j cÖK…Z gyw³ wgj‡e bv|
28. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Kx‡mi cÖZxK?
H wPš@v, eyw× AvÍcÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv e¨ZxZ gyw³ Am¤¢e|
E gvbweKZvi F bvix AwaKv‡ii
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 15 I 16bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 G •ah©kxjZvi H eyw×gËvi
GK b`x i³ †cwi‡q
evsjvi AvKv‡k iw³g m”h© Avb‡j hviv 29. ÔmuvS n‡q †Mj Zey Av‡m bv‡KvÕ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q gv‡qiÑ
E ivM F k¼v
†Zvgv‡`i GB FY †Kv‡bvw`b †kva n‡e bv|
15. wb‡Pi †Kvb KweZvq DÏxc‡Ki D‡jÐwLZ g‡bvfv‡ei mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?  G fv‡jvevmv H Av‡¶c
E †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZv F Avgvi cwiPq 30. Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pi‡Y mf¨Zv ¶Y¯’vqx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
 G Rxeb-msMxZ E †mw`‡bv †`wL‡e ¯^cœ F Avwg P‡j hv‡ev e‡j
H ¯^vaxbZv, GB kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jv  G Pviw`‡K kvš@ evwZ H Gwkwiqv ay‡jv AvR

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  183

wm‡jU †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj) welq †KvW 1 0 1
[2023 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c”Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi h_vh_ DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU,
L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU I N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwUmn †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi
Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `”lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| iwb Aíeq‡mB UvBd‡qW R¦‡i Avµvš@ n‡q weKjv½ n‡q hvq| fvB-†evb, gv-evev I cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q †m ¯^vfvweK Rxeb-
hvcb Kivi †Póv K‡i| ¯‥z‡j fwZ© n‡j mncvVx I wk¶K‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq cov‡kvbv Ki‡Z _v‡K| MZ GmGmwm cix¶vq ÔGÕ cÐvm †c‡q †m
mevB‡K ZvK jvwM‡q †`q|
K. ÔmyfvÕ M‡í myfvi evevi bvg Kx? 1
L. myfvi mg¯@ ü`q AkÖ‚ev‡®“ f‡i hvIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iwbi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi •emv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òmyfv hw` iwbi g‡Zv AbyK‚j cwi‡ek †c‡Zv Zvn‡j Zvi Rxeb Ggb welv`vµvš@ n‡q DVZ bv|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2| me mva‡Ki e‡ov mvaK Avgvi †`‡ki Pvlv,
†`k gvZviB gyw³Kvgx, †`‡ki †m †h Avkv|
`axwP wK Zvnvi †P‡q mvaK wQj e‡ov?
cyY¨ AZ n‡e bv‡Kv me Kwi‡j Ro|
gyw³Kvgx gnvmvaK gy³ K‡i †`k,
meviB †m Abœ †RvMvq bvBK Me© †jk|
eªZ Zvnvi c‡ii wnZ, myL bvwn Pvq wb‡R,
†i․`ª `v‡n ïKvq Zby, †g‡Ni R‡j wf‡R|
K. ÔwbgMvQÕ MíwU ebdz‡ji †Kvb MÖ‡š’i Aš@fz©³? 1
L. KweivRiv ÔwbgMv‡QiÕ cÖksmvq cÂgyL †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU Zz‡j ai| 3
N. DÏxcKwU ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi g”jfve‡K aviY K‡i‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ K‡iv| 4
3| we‡qi Aíw`b c‡iB gwbivi ¯^vgx moK `yN©Ubvq gviv hvq| cwiev‡i †b‡g Av‡m Afve AbUb| †m Avgvb mv‡n‡ei evmvq M„nKg©xi KvR †bq| M„ ‡ni
hveZxq KvRmn Avgvb mv‡n‡ei gv-giv `y‡Uv mš@vb‡K Mfxi ggZvq †`Lv‡kvbv K‡i| Avgvb mv‡ne I Zvi mš@v‡biv gwbiv‡K AZ¨š@ fv‡jvev‡m|
K. Kq gvm a‡i ggZvw`i ¯^vgxi PvKwi †bB? 1
L. ggZvw` mg¯@UzKz K…ZÁZv bxi‡eB cÖKvk Kij †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwbiv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †h Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcKwU ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi mgMÖfve‡K aviY K‡i wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ †`LvI| 4
4| Avwg GKv bB, AmsL¨ gvbyl wcuc‡oi g‡Zv QzUwQj| gv_vq myU‡Km| eM‡j Kvc‡oi MuvUwi| nv‡Z nvwi‡Kb| †Kvg‡i ev‛Pv| †Pv‡L gy‡L Kx GK
Aw¯’i AvZ¼! K_v †bB| †g․b mevB| mnmv †K †hb ejj, Iw`‡K hv‡eb bv| wgwjUvwi| †b․Kvq K‡i K‡i †jvKRb me Icv‡i cvjvw‛Qj|
wgwjUvwi I‡`i Ic‡i Mywj K‡i‡Q| `y-wZbk †jvK gviv †M‡Q ILv‡b| hv‡eb bv| g‡b n‡jv cv‡qi m‡½ †hb K‡qK gb cv_i †eu‡a w`‡q‡Q
†KD| mvg‡b GwM‡q hve fimv cvw‛Q bv| ci gyn”‡Z© GKUv †nwjKÞ‡ii kã ïb‡Z †cjvg| Zvici g‡b n‡jv GKm‡½ †hb A‡bKMy‡jv evR
co‡jv| gyL _ye‡o gvwU‡Z c‡o †Mjvg| wKQz †`L‡Z cvw‛Q bv| ïay A‡bKMy‡jv k‡ãi ZvÊe| †gwkbMv‡bi kã| ev‛Pv‡`i Kvbœv| KZKMy‡jv
gvby‡li AvZ©bv`| KvZ‡ivw³| K‡qKUv KzKz‡ii wPrKvi| gvby‡li wejvc| GKwU wK‡kv‡ii Kɯ^i| evÕRvb| evÕRvb| Zvici k¥kv‡bi bxieZv|
K. 1971 mv‡j 13B GwcÖj Kx evi wQj? 1
L. ÔaiwY wØav nIÕ †Kb G K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi LÊvsk gvÎÓÑ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| `„k¨Kí-1 : iwdK mv‡ne cÖwZeQi †gRev‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡ib| AwfRvZ e¨w³eM©, AvÍxq-¯^Rb, ivR‣bwZK †bZ…e„›` I D‛Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v‡`i
wbgš¿Y K‡ib| wKš‘ Mwie Amnvq‡`i †gRev‡b cÖ‡ek wbwl× K‡ib|
`„k¨Kí-2 : 1853 mv‡j wµwgqvi hy‡× AvnZ •mwbK‡`i gv‡S †b‡g Av‡m AeY©bxq `yt L-`y`©kv| Zv‡`i hš¿Yv jvN‡ei Rb¨ †d¬v‡iÝ
bvBwU‡½j †mevi eªZ wb‡q GwM‡q Av‡mb| wZwb †mevq Ggbfv‡e AvÍwb‡qvM K‡ib †h w`b-iv‡Z 20 NÈv cwikÖg Ki‡Zb| Zuvi
†mev-ïkÖƒlv I mvš@¡bvq AvnZ c½y •mwbKiv †eu‡P _vKvi Avkv I Rxe‡bi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva wd‡i cvq|
K. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ÔbgvR cwom †eUv?ÕÑ Dw³wU Kvi? 1
L. Ôme Øvi Gi †Lvjv i‡e, Pvjv nvZzwo kvej Pvjv|ÕÑ GK_v ejvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1Gi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ò`„k¨Kí-2G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwei cÖZ¨vkvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡QÓÑ gš@e¨ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  184

6| DÏxcKÑ1 : ev`kv evei Kuvw`qv wdwi‡Q wb` bvwn †Pv‡L Zvi

cyÎ Zuvnvi ûgvqyb eywS euv‡P bv Gevi Avi!
Pvwiav‡i Zvi Nbv‡q Avwm‡Q giY-AÜKvi|
DÏxcK-2 : Avmgvwb‡i †`L‡Z hw` †Zvgiv m‡e PvI
iwngwÏi †QvÆ evwo imyjcy‡i hvI|
evwo †Zv bq cvwLi evmvÑ †fbœv cvZvi Qvwb,
GKUzLvwb e„wó n‡jB Mwo‡q c‡o cvwb|
K. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jK_v Kx? 1
L. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi weinx gv‡qi G‡Kjv civb †`v‡j †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK-1Gi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †h mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK-2 ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jfve‡K aviY K‡iwb|Ó Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
7| `„k¨Kí-1 : iwng wgqv eM©vPvwl| ivZw`b cwikÖg K‡i dmj dwj‡qI b¨vh¨ Ask cvb bv| Rwgi gvwjK †Rvi K‡i †ewk dmj wb‡q †bb| G‡Z
iwn‡gi gb `ytL-fvivµvš@ nq|
`„k¨Kí-2 : Aveyj wgqv GKwU †`vKv‡bi Kg©Pvix| wbqwgZ †eZb cvb| _vKv-LvIqvmn †Kv‡bv mgm¨v nq bv| gvwjK cÖwZeQi †eZb e„w×
K‡ib| †mI mZZv I cwikÖ‡gi mv‡_ KvR K‡i|
K. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq kh¨vq GKv wewb`ª ivZ Rv‡M †K? 1
L. Zvi Rxe‡bi Ô¯^‡cœi g‡Zv wc‡Q m‡i hvq ebÕÑ GK_v ejvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1Gi mv‡_ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. `„k¨Kí-2Gi Aveyj wgqvi g‡Zv myweav †c‡j ivbv‡ii Rxeb myL-mg„wׇZ c”Y© _vK‡ZvÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| AwgZ wQj AZ¨š@ †gavex, wbixn I kvš@ cÖK…wZi †Q‡j| †m `v½v-nv½vgv‡K Gwo‡q PjZ| 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j cvwK¯@vwb evwnbx
¯’vbxq ivRvKvi‡`i mnvqZvq Zv‡`i evwo‡Z nvbv w`‡q Ni-evwo R¦vwj‡q †`q| MÖv‡gi ci MÖv‡g Zv‡`i ZvÊe P‡j| cÖwZ‡kv‡ai AvMy‡b R¦‡j
IVv AwgZ nVvr K‡i AZ¨š@ mvnmx n‡q I‡V| gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`Iqv AwgZ G‡Ki ci GK exiZ¡c ”Y© Awfhv‡bi Kvi‡Y cvK‡mbv I Zv‡`i
†`vmi‡`i Kv‡Q AvZ‡¼i KviY n‡q I‡V|
K. ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Kvi †PvL Ac”e© wQj? 1
L. eyav PvwPi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q I‡V †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Awg‡Zi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ògnvb gyw³hy× DÏxc‡Ki AwgZ I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡Zv Zi‚Y‡`i mvnmx †hv×vq cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|ÓÑ Dw³wU we‡kÐlY
K‡iv| 4
9| fqven AwMœKv‡Ê wgbv‡ii cwiev‡ii mevB gviv †Mj| AvcbR‡bi Av`i †øn †_‡K ewÂZ wgbvi Zvi GK wbKU AvÍx‡qi evwo‡Z AvkÖq wb‡q
¯^w¯@ Lyu‡R cvq| †m GKwU ¯‥z‡j fwZ© nq| †`k‡mevq wb‡R‡K DrmM© Kivi cÖZ¨‡q †jLvcov Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡K|
K. nv‡kg wgqv eyav‡K Kx bv‡g WvKZ? 1
L. Òfq I‡K Kvey K‡i bvÓÑ †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wgbv‡ii mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h Pwi‡Îi wgj i‡q‡Q Zv D‡jÐL K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m¤“”Y©fve cÖKvk K‡iwbÓÑ Dw³wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
10| Avigvb mv‡ne we‡q K‡i‡Qb AvU eQi n‡jv| wKš‘ wZwb GLbI wbtmš@vb| mvZ-cuvP †f‡e Avigvb mv‡n‡ei gv wc‡ii cvwb cov Avb‡Z hvq|
G‡Z Avigvb mv‡ne ivM Ki‡j Zuvi gv e‡jb, Giv AvjÐvni Awj, mKj Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e Ki‡Z cv‡i| evev PvB‡j wbðqB Ni Av‡jvwKZ K‡i
mš@vb Avm‡e|
K. ewncx‡ii evj¨eÜyi bvg Kx? 1
L. ÔZvnviv Zvnv‡`i b”Zb Rxe‡bi c‡_ hvB‡Z‡Q?Õ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei gv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©? Zz‡j a‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z welqwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki c”Y©v½ cÖwZ‛Qwe bqÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11| gvZ…nviv mywdqv mrgv‡qi msmv‡i e‡ov n‡q‡Q| evev Zv‡K MÖv‡gi abvX¨ GK eq¯‥ †jv‡Ki mv‡_ we‡q w`‡Z PvB‡j mywdqv Awb‛Qv m‡Ë¡I ivwR
n‡q hvq| wKš‘ Zvi mrgv cÖwZev` K‡ib Ges †g‡q‡K Ab¨Î we‡q †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. kn‡i ewncx‡ii KqRb abx gywi` Av‡Qb? 1
L. ÒGKUv ¯^cœ †f‡O †M‡j Av‡iKUv ¯^cœ Mo‡Z cvi‡eÓÑ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki evev PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi·K wb‡`©k K‡iÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki mywdqv Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi PvwiwÎK •ewkó¨ m¤“”Y© wecixZag©xÓÑ Dw³wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  185

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 iwb Aíeq‡mB UvBd‡qW R¦‡i Avµvš@ n‡q weKjv½ n‡q hvq| fvB-†evb, gv-evev I cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q
†m ¯^vfvweK Rxeb-hvcb Kivi †Póv K‡i| ¯‥z‡j fwZ© n‡j mncvVx I wk¶K‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq cov‡kvbv Ki‡Z _v‡K| MZ GmGmwm
cix¶vq ÔGÕ cÐvm †c‡q †m mevB‡K ZvK jvwM‡q †`q|
K. ÔmyfvÕ M‡í myfvi evevi bvg Kx? 1
L. myfvi mg¯@ ü`q AkÖ‚ev‡®“ f‡i hvIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iwbi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi •emv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òmyfv hw` iwbi g‡Zv AbyK‚j cwi‡ek †c‡Zv Zvn‡j Zvi Rxeb Ggb welv`vµvš@ n‡q DVZ bv|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔmyfvÕ M‡í myfvi evevi bvg evYxKÉ|
i KjKvZv hvIqvi Av‡qvRb kyi‚ nIqvq myfvi mg¯@ ü`q AkÖ‚ev‡®“ f‡i hvq|
myfvi wcZvi bvg evYxKÉ| Kb¨v`vqMÖ¯@ evYxKÉ †g‡qi K_v wPš@v K‡i we‡`k hvb| wd‡i G‡m ¯¿x‡K mcwiev‡i KjKvZvq hvIqvi
K_v e‡jb| K_v ej‡Z bv cvi‡jI myfv eyS‡Z cv‡i wcZv cwiwPZ cwi‡ek †_‡K Zv‡K KjKvZvq wb‡q hv‡‛Q| GKUv ARvbv Avk¼vq
†m me mgq evev-gv‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ _vK‡Z kyi‚ K‡i| wb‡Ri wPi‡Pbv cwi‡ek I eÜy‡`i †Q‡o bZyb RvqMvq †h‡Z n‡e †R‡b Kzqvkvq
XvKv cÖfv‡Zi g‡Zv myfvi mg¯@ ü`q AkÖ‚ev‡®“ f‡i hvq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Avcb cwi‡ek †Q‡o bZyb RvqMvq hvIqvi Avk¼vq myfvi ü`q AkÖ‚ev‡®“ f‡i hvq|

j DÏxc‡Ki iwbi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi K_v ej‡Z bv cviv Ges Zvi cÖwZ gv‡qi †nq †Pv‡L †`Lv-G w`KwU •emv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ myfv| evev Zvi bvg iv‡Lb myfvwlYx| wKš‘ †m K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| †m evK&&kw³nxb GK †g‡q| gv Zv‡K
wb‡Ri ΂wU¯^iƒc M‡f©i Kj¼ g‡b Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ evYxKÉ Zv‡K Ab¨ `yB †g‡q A‡c¶v †ewk Av`i Ki‡Zb| myfv K_v ej‡Z bv cvi‡jI
Abyfe kw³ fv‡jv wQj| g”K cÖK…wZ Ges cÖvYxi m‡½ Zvi fve wQj| cÖZvc bv‡g Zvi GK mevK eÜy wQj|
DÏxc‡Ki iwb weKjv½ GK hyeK| Avi myfv wbe©vK| iwb UvBd‡qW R¡‡i Avµvš@ n‡q weKjv½ nq| Avi myfv Rš§ †_‡K evK&k & w³nxb|
iwb evev-gv, fvB-†evb I cÖwZ‡ekxi mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q †m ¯^vfvweK Rxebhvcb K‡i| c¶vš@‡i, myfv cÖvYxKz‡ji mn‡hvwMZv †c‡jI
gv‡qi mn‡hvwMZv †Zgb cvqwb| eis gv‡qi KvQ †_‡K wa°vi †c‡q‡Q| iwb ¯‥z‡j fwZ© n‡j mncvVx I wk¶K‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq cov‡kvbv
Ki‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ myfvi †¶‡Î Zv m¤¢e bv| KviY †m K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv, A‡b¨i mn‡hvwMZvI cvq bv| †Kej me©kx I cv½ywj bv‡gi
Mvfx `ywU myfvi fvlvnxb RM‡Z wcÖq m½x n‡q I‡V| Gfv‡e iwbi mv‡_ myfvi •emv`„k¨ dz‡U D‡V|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki iwbi mv‡_ ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi K_v ej‡Z bv cviv Ges Zvi cÖwZ gv‡qi †nq †Pv‡L †`Lv-G w`KwU •emv`„k¨c”Y©|

k Òmyfv hw` iwbi g‡Zv AbyK‚j cwi‡ek †c‡Zv Zvn‡j Zvi Rxeb Ggb welv`vµvš@ n‡q DVZ bv|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv evK&&cÖwZeÜx| evev Zv‡K fv‡jvevm‡jI gv Zv‡K wb‡Ri ΂wU¯^iƒc g‡b K‡i Ges wb‡Ri M‡f©i Kj¼ÁvbI K‡i| myfv
K_v ej‡Z bv cvi‡jI NªvYkw³ cÖej wQj| †MvqvjN‡ii Mvfx `ywU myfvi AmnvqZ¡ eySZ| fvlvnxb myfvi AevwiZ cÖK…wZ wQj, †hLv‡b †m
AvkÖq cvq| c”wY©gv iv‡Z †m wb¯@ä e¨vKzj c”wY©gvi cÖK…wZ Dc‡fvM Ki‡Zv|
DÏxc‡Ki iwb Aí eq‡mB weKjv½ nq| †m evev-gv, fvB-†ev‡bi mn‡hvwMZv cvq| GgbwK cÖwZ‡ekxivI Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i| G Kvi‡Y
†m cov‡jLv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Ges ¯^vfvweK Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ myfv cv‡i bv|
DÏxc‡Ki iwb UvBd‡qW R¡‡i Avµvš@ n‡q weKjv½ n‡jI A‡b¨i mn‡hvwMZv cvq| Gfv‡e †m GmGmwm cix¶v †`q Ges ÔGÕ cÐvm †c‡q
mevB‡K ZvK jvwM‡q †`q| iwbi mn‡hvMx A‡b‡KB wQj †h Kvi‡Y †m mdj n‡q‡Q| Avi myfvi †KD wQj bv| †KD Zvi mv‡_ wgkZ bv I
†LjZ bv e‡j †m cÖK…wZ‡K GKvš@ m½x K‡i wb‡qwQj| GgbwK cÖwZ‡ekxivI Zvi wel‡q `ywðš@v cÖKvk Kiv ïi‚ K‡iwQj| mK‡ji Giƒc
g‡bvfv‡ei Kvi‡Y myfv wb‡R‡K ax‡i ax‡i MywU‡q wb‡qwQj| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, myfv hw` iwbi g‡Zv AbyK‚j cwi‡ek †cZ Zvn‡j Zvi
Rxeb Ggb welv`gq n‡Zv bv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : myfv hw` iwbi g‡Zv AbyK‚j cwi‡ek †c‡Zv Zvn‡j Zvi Rxeb Ggb welv`vµvš@ bv n‡q Ab¨ iKg n‡Zv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  186

cÖkœ  02 me mva‡Ki e‡ov mvaK Avgvi †`‡ki Pvlv,

†`k gvZviB gyw³Kvgx, †`‡ki †m †h Avkv|
`axwP wK Zvnvi †P‡q mvaK wQj e‡ov?
cyY¨ AZ n‡e bv‡Kv me Kwi‡j Ro|
gyw³Kvgx gnvmvaK gy³ K‡i †`k,
meviB †m Abœ †RvMvq bvBK Me© †jk|
eªZ Zvnvi c‡ii wnZ, myL bvwn Pvq wb‡R,
†i․`ª `v‡n ïKvq Zby, †g‡Ni R‡j wf‡R|
K. ÔwbgMvQÕ MíwU ebdz‡ji †Kvb MÖ‡š’i Aš@fz©³? 1
L. KweivRiv ÔwbgMv‡QiÕ cÖksmvq cÂgyL †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU Zz‡j ai| 3
N. DÏxcKwU ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi g”jfve‡K aviY K‡i‡Q wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ e¨³ K‡iv| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔwbgMvQÕ MíwU ebdz‡ji A`„k¨‡jvK MÖ‡š’i Aš@fz©³|
i KweivRiv wPwKrmvi Kv‡R wbgMvQ‡K wewfbœfv‡e e¨envi K‡i weavq Zviv G Mv‡Qi cÖksmvq cÂgyL|
wbgMv‡Qi A‡bK †flRMyY i‡q‡Q ZvB hviv MvQMvQvwji gva¨‡g wPwKrmv K‡ib Zv‡`i Kv‡Q G Mv‡Qi Ab¨iKg K`i i‡q‡Q| we‡klZ
KweivRiv G MvQ w`‡q bvbv †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv K‡ib| ZvB Zviv Gi cÖksmvq cÂgyL|
Dˇii g”jK_v : wbgMvQ †flR MyYm¤“bœ nIqvq KweivRiv Gi cÖksmvq cÂgyL|
j DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi wbt¯^v_©fv‡e c‡ivcKv‡ii w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔwbgMvQÕ GKwU cÖZxKx Mí| G MíwU‡Z wbgMv‡Qi cÖZx‡K mxgvnxb I ¯^v_©nxb K_vi AvL¨vb cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| wbgMv‡Qi †flR MyY
i‡q‡Q| bvbv †ivM-e¨vwai cÖwZ‡laK wn‡m‡e G Mv‡Qi Wvj, cvZv, e¨envi Kiv hvq| KweivRiv Gi mvnv‡h¨ Ilya evwb‡q †ivMx‡`i
wPwKrmv K‡i| mvaviY gvbyl cÖvZ¨wnK cÖ‡qvR‡bI wbgMvQ‡K AbeiZ e¨envi K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ †KD G Mv‡Qi hZœ †bq bv| wKš‘ Zv‡Z
Kx, G MvQ gvby‡li DcKvi K‡iB hvq| wbgMv‡Qi g‡Zv mgv‡RI wKQz gnr Pwi‡Îi gvbyl Av‡Q hviv wbt¯^v_©fv‡e Ac‡ii DcKvi K‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki Pvlv A‡b¨i Kj¨vY mvab K‡i| wb‡Ri K‡ói K_v fv‡e bv| c‡ii Kj¨v‡Y Rxeb‡K DrmM© Kivi g‡a¨B Zvi Rxe‡bi Pig I
cig mv_©KZv| RM‡Zi mvay I gnr e¨w³MYI ZvB K‡ib| Zviv me©`v wb‡Ri ¯^v_© wemR©b w`‡q c‡ii wnZ mva‡b e¨vc„Z _v‡Kb|
DÏxc‡Ki Pvlv gv_vi Nvg cv‡q †d‡j, KZ Kó K‡i Rwg Pvl K‡i dmj Drcv`b K‡i| Zvi meUvB wb‡R †fvM K‡i bv| Ac‡ii
Kj¨v‡Y wbt¯^v_©fv‡e KvR K‡i †m| Zvi g‡Zv mvaK, gyw³Kvgx gvby‡li Zzjbv nq bv| wVK †hb wbgMv‡Qi g‡Zv Zviv c‡ivcKv‡i
wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K| Gfv‡e DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi wbt¯^v_©ciZvi w`KwUi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi wbt¯^v_©fv‡e c‡ivcKv‡ii w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
k DÏxcKwU ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi g”jfve‡K A‡bKvs‡k aviY K‡i‡Q|
ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í ewY©Z gvbyl †Kej wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb g‡Zv wbgMvQ‡K e¨envi K‡i| wb‡Ri Rb¨ Zviv Mv‡Qi Qvj Zz‡j †bq| cvZv wQu‡o
†bq| Wvj †f‡O †bq| wKš‘ bZzb Avmv Kwe †jvKwU †Kej `”i †_‡K wbgMv‡Qi †m․›`h© Dc‡fvM K‡i‡Q| GB cÖ_g †KD fv‡jvevmvi
`„wó‡Z wbgMv‡Qi w`‡K ZvwK‡q my›`i gš@e¨ K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki g”jfv‡e c‡ivcKvwiZvi MyYwU we`¨gvb| Gi cwimi ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi g‡ZvB we¯@…Z Ges g”jfve GKB| Avi Zv n‡jv
wbt¯^v_©fv‡e A‡b¨i DcKv‡i wb‡qvwRZ _vKv| DÏxc‡Ki Pvlv †iv‡` cy‡o, e„wó‡Z wf‡R dmj Pvl K‡i| Zvi g”j¨ †m †ewk cvq bv| wKš‘
Ac‡ii Kj¨vY nq Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk| Ggbfv‡e gnvmvaK `axwPi †P‡qI †m A‡bK gnr I Kj¨vYgqx| Zvi Zzjbv A‡b¨i mv‡_ n‡e
bv|
ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi g”jfveI DÏxc‡Ki welqe¯‘i g‡ZvB| Z‡e G M‡í cÖZx‡Ki m”‡Î †jLK †`wL‡q‡Qb bvixi Acwimxg AvÍZ¨vM| bvixi
gvbweK gh©v`v| cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Myi‚Z¡ Dcjwä Kivi Bw½Z †`q MíwU| hv DÏxc‡K ewY©Z nqwb| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU M‡íi
g”jfve‡K A‡bKvs‡k aviY K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcKwU ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi g”jfve‡K A‡bKvs‡k aviY K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ  03 we‡qi Aíw`b c‡iB gwbivi ¯^vgx moK `yN©Ubvq gviv hvq| cwiev‡i †b‡g Av‡m Afve AbUb| †m Avgvb mv‡n‡ei evmvq
M„nKg©xi KvR †bq| M„‡ni hveZxq KvRmn Avgvb mv‡n‡ei gv-giv `y‡Uv mš@vb‡K Mfxi ggZvq †`Lv‡kvbv K‡i| Avgvb mv‡ne I Zvi
mš@v‡biv gwbiv‡K AZ¨š@ fv‡jvev‡m|
K. Kq gvm a‡i ggZvw`i ¯^vgxi PvKwi †bB? 1
L. ggZvw` mg¯@UzKz K…ZÁZv bxi‡eB cÖKvk Kij †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki gwbiv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi †h Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y© Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcKwU ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi mgMÖfve‡K aviY K‡i wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ †`LvI| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  187

3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

h cÖvq Pvi gvm a‡i ggZvw`i ¯^vgxi PvKwi †bB|
i cÖZ¨vkvi †P‡q †ewk UvKv †eZb avh© Kivq ggZvw` mg¯@UzKz K…ZÁZv bxi‡eB cÖKvk Kij|
ggZvw`i Afv‡ei msmvi| ¯^vgxI Zv‡K †`L‡Z cv‡i bv| GQvov ggZvw`i mš@vb Amy¯’| Gme wg‡j Zvi msmviB †hb APj n‡q
coj| ZvB †ivRMv‡ii Avkvq †m †jL‡Ki gv‡qi Kv‡Q KvR LyuR‡Z †Mj| †jL‡Ki gv ivwR n‡jb Ges ggZvw`‡K gv‡m gvqbv c‡b‡iv
UvKv w`‡Z PvB‡jb| GB UvKvi K_v ï‡b Zvi †Pv‡L Rj P‡j G‡jv Ges †m mg¯@UzKz K…ZÁZv bxi‡eB cÖKvk Kij|
Dˇii g”jK_v : cÖZ¨vkvi †P‡q †ewk UvKv †eZb avh© Kivq ggZvw` mg¯@UzKz K…ZÁZv bxi‡eB cÖKvk Kij|
j DÏxc‡Ki gwbiv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í †`Lv hvq, †m iuvaywb wn‡m‡e KvR wb‡q M„nKZ©vi mš‘wó AR©‡b m¶g nq Aí w`‡bi g‡a¨B| †m †hgb Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g
Zv‡`i gwY‡KvVvq ¯’vb K‡i wb‡q‡Q, wVK †Zgwb †mI GK A`„k¨ gvqvi euva‡b Zv‡`i‡K †eu‡a‡Q| evwoi †Qv‡Uv †Q‡j‡K †Qv‡Uv fvB
wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Q| M„nKÎx©‡K gv m‡¤^vab K‡i‡Q| Afv‡ei msmvi Zvi| ¯^vgxi PvKwi nevi ci Zvi KvR †Q‡o †`evi AvKv¸¶vq
†jLK †hgb e¨vKzj n‡q D‡V †Zgwb †jL‡Ki gvI e‡j‡Q Zzwg P‡j †M‡j Avgv‡`iI wK fv‡jv jvM‡e|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z, gwbivi we‡qi Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B Zvi ¯^vgx moK `yN©Ubvq gviv hvq| cwiev‡i Afve †b‡g Av‡m| †Kv‡bv Dcvq bv †c‡q †m
Avgvb mv‡n‡ei evmvq M„nKgx©i KvR †bq| †m evwoi mg¯@ KvR h‡Zœi mv‡_ K‡i †`q| Avgvb mv‡n‡ei gv-giv `y‡Uv mš@vb‡K cig
ggZvq †`Lv‡kvbv K‡i| Avgvb mv‡ne Ges Zvi mš@v‡bivI gwbiv‡K AZ¨š@ fv‡jvev‡m| Gfv‡e cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ Zvi mv‡_ GK wbweo
mL¨ M‡o I‡V| gwbiv‡K ZvB ggZvw`i mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv hvq| KviY Df‡qi NUbv GK Ges KvRKg©I Awfbœ| ggZvw` M„nKZ©vi mKj
KvRKg© wb‡Ri g‡b K‡i m¤“bœ K‡i Ges e¨envi w`‡q mK‡ji Av`i-†¯œ‡n wm³ nq| DÏxc‡Ki gwbiv Abyiƒc `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| ZvB
ejv hvq, gwbiv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv‡_ wbweofv‡e mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki gwbiv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
k DÏxcKwU ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi mgMÖfve bq, AvswkK fve aviY K‡i|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw` eªvþYKb¨v n‡qI Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y c‡ii evwo‡Z iuvaywbi KvR wb‡q‡Q| iuvaybx wn‡m‡e KvR wb‡jI Zvi g‡a¨
AvÍm¤§vb‡eva wQj cÖej| ZvB iuvaybx KvRwU‡K †m mn‡R †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| iuvaywb ejvq Zvi gyL j¾vq jvj n‡q I‡V|
DÏxc‡Ki gwbiv GKRb M„nKgx©| †m A‡b¨i evwo‡Z KvR K‡i| Zvi Afv‡ei msmvi| evwoi hveZxq KvR †m K‡i †`q| Avgvb
mv‡n‡ei gv-giv mš@vb‡`i‡K †m jvjb-cvjb K‡i| G welqMy‡jv ggZvw`i g‡a¨ we`¨gvb| Z‡e AvÍm¤§vb‡eva ggZvw`i gv‡S †hgb
dz‡U D‡V‡Q †Zgwbfv‡e Zv gwbivi gv‡S j¶Yxq bq| gwbiv †hgb Avgvb mv‡ne I Zvi mš@vb‡`i KvQ †_‡K fv‡jvevmv †c‡q‡Q †Zgwb
ggZvw`I †c‡q‡Q|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ewY©Z, ggZvw` Kv‡R †ewi‡q‡Q ¯^vgxi PvKwi †bB e‡j| c¶vš@‡i, gwbivi ¯^vgx moK `yN©Ubvq gviv hvq| cwiev‡i †b‡g
Av‡m Afve-AbUb| ZvB †m Avgvb mv‡n‡ei evmvq KvR †bq| Df‡qB M„nKgx©| Z‡e KviY wfbœ| ggZvi evwo‡Z ¯^vgx Avi GK‡Q‡j
Av‡Q| wKš‘ gwbivi †KD †bB| KviY we‡qi Aí w`b c‡iB Zvi ¯^vgx gviv hvq| Ab¨w`‡K M‡íi welq-cwimi we¯@…Z wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki
welq msw¶ß| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU M‡íi mgMÖfve aviY K‡iwb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcKwU ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi mgMÖfve bq, AvswkK fve aviY K‡i|
cÖkœ  04 Avwg GKv bB, AmsL¨ gvbyl wcuc‡oi g‡Zv QzUwQj| gv_vq myU‡Km| eM‡j Kvc‡oi MuvUwi| nv‡Z nvwi‡Kb| †Kvg‡i ev‛Pv|
†Pv‡L gy‡L Kx GK Aw¯’i AvZ¼! K_v †bB| †g․b mevB| mnmv †K †hb ejj, Iw`‡K hv‡eb bv| wgwjUvwi| †b․Kvq K‡i K‡i †jvKRb
me Icv‡i cvjvw‛Qj| wgwjUvwi I‡`i Ic‡i Mywj K‡i‡Q| `y-wZbk †jvK gviv †M‡Q ILv‡b| hv‡eb bv| g‡b n‡jv cv‡qi m‡½ †hb
K‡qK gb cv_i †eu‡a w`‡q‡Q †KD| mvg‡b GwM‡q hve fimv cvw‛Q bv| ci gyn”‡Z© GKUv †nwjKÞ‡ii kã ïb‡Z †cjvg| Zvici g‡b
n‡jv GKm‡½ †hb A‡bKMy‡jv evR co‡jv| gyL _ye‡o gvwU‡Z c‡o †Mjvg| wKQz †`L‡Z cvw‛Q bv| ïay A‡bKMy‡jv k‡ãi ZvÊe|
†gwkbMv‡bi kã| ev‛Pv‡`i Kvbœv| KZKMy‡jv gvby‡li AvZ©bv`| KvZ‡ivw³| K‡qKUv KzKz‡ii wPrKvi| gvby‡li wejvc| GKwU
wK‡kv‡ii Kɯ^i| evÕRvb| evÕRvb| Zvici k¥kv‡bi bxieZv|
K. 1971 mv‡j 13B GwcÖj Kx evi wQj? 1
L. ÔaiwY wØav nIÕ †Kb G K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡QÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi LÊvsk gvÎÓÑ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h 1971 mv‡j 13B GwcÖj g½jevi wQj|
i †jwLKvi g‡Z, 17B †g eyw×Rxex‡`i bv‡g †h wbj©¾ wg_¨v wee„wZ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, Zv †`‡L Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB N„Yvq j¾vq
cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
1971 mv‡ji 17B †g 55 Rb eyw×Rxex I wkíxi bv‡g GKUv wee„wZ cwÎKvq Qvcv nq| G‡Z XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi †Kv‡bv wk¶K I
†iwWI-wUwfi †Kv‡bv Kg©KZ©v Ges wkíxi bvg ev` wQj bv| Ggb wbj©¾ wg_¨v wee„wZ A‡b‡KB †h bv c‡oB eva¨ n‡q ¯^v¶i K‡i‡Qb
Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡›`n †bB| AvR‡Ki KvMR cwÎKvq GB wbj©¾ wg_¨v fvlY c‡o j¾vq Zv‡`i †Kv_vI jywK‡q _vK‡Z B‡‛Q K‡i| G
Kvi‡YB ÔaiwY wØav nIÕ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯@vb miKv‡ii `y®‥‡g©i Ask wn‡m‡e eyw×Rxex‡`i bv‡g cwÎKvq wbj©¾ wg_¨v wee„wZ cÖKv‡ki ci Pig N„Yv-j¾vq
eyw×Rxex‡`i †Kv_vI jywK‡q _vKv cÖm‡½ ÔaiwY wØav nIÕ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  188

j DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi 16B wW‡m¤^i e„n¯“wZevi 1971 mv‡ji NUbvwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq ewY©Z 1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤^i, cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i we‡K‡jB AvÍmgc©Y Kivi K_v| mKvj †_‡K Kwjg,
û`v, jyjy hvivB G‡m‡Q meviB gy‡L H GK K_v `‡j `‡j †jvK Rq evsjv aŸwb Zz‡j iv¯@vq †ewi‡q c‡o‡Q| KviwdD D‡c¶v K‡i|
cvwK¯@vwb †mbviv, wenvwiiv mevB bvwK cvjv‡‛Q| cvjv‡Z cvjv‡Z c‡_Nv‡U G‡jvcv_vwo Mywj K‡i eû evOvwj‡K Lyb-RLg K‡i‡Q|
ev`kv G‡m e‡j, Gwjd¨v›U †iv‡Wi AvwRR †gvUim-Gi gvwjK Lvb Rx‡c K‡i cvjvevi mgq †ec‡ivqv Mywj Pvwj‡q iv¯@vi eû‡jvK‡K
RLg K‡i‡Q| Gfv‡e eû i³ Swi‡q‡Q evOvwjiv| Ae‡k‡l AvÍmgc©Y Ki‡Z eva¨ nq Lvb‡mbviv| w`bwU wQj 16B wW‡m¤^i 1971|
DÏxc‡K gyw³hy×Kvjxb LÊwPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡q‡Q| AmsL¨ gvbyl Rxeb euvPv‡Z wcucovi g‡Zv QzU‡Q gv_vq myU‡Km,
eM‡j Kvc‡oi MuvUwi, nv‡Z nvwi‡Kb wb‡q ARmª gvbyl QzU‡Q| †Kvg‡i mš@vb wb‡q Aw¯’i AvZ‡¼ wbtk‡ã e‡m Av‡Q c‡_-cÖvš@‡i|
†KD †b․Kv K‡i wgwjUvwii f‡q Icv‡i cvjv‡‛Q| I‡`i Ici Mywj Ki‡Q| `y wZbkZ †jvK gviv †M‡Q| Ggb NUbv ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ
iPbvqI wea„Z n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcKwU‡Z ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi 16B wW‡m¤^i e„n¯“wZevi 1971 mv‡ji NUbvwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxcKwU ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi LÊvsk gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq ewY©Z, 1971 mv‡ji 25 gvP© Zvwi‡Li cieZx© mgqMy‡jv‡Z †`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ cv‡ë †h‡Z _v‡K| QvÎ-wk¶K-RbZv
mK‡jB ¯^Ztù‚Z©fv‡e gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| Gmgq i‚gx wQj AvBGmwm cvk Kiv QvÎ| †m Zvi gv‡qi Kv‡Q hy‡× hvIqvi B‛Qv
†cvlY K‡i| cÖ_‡g gv bv Ki‡j i‚gx e‡j, hy‡× bv †M‡j Zvi we‡eK Zv‡K wPiKvj Acivax K‡i ivL‡e|
DÏxc‡K hy‡×i LwÊZ wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GLv‡b †`Lv hvq, AmsL¨ gvbyl wcucovi g‡Zv QzU‡Q| cvwj‡q euvPvi Rb¨ w`wM¦w`K QzU‡Q| cvK
wgwjUvwiiv Zv‡`i wcQz wb‡q‡Q, Mywj Ki‡Q, eû †jvK gviv hv‡‛Q| A‡b‡KB RLg n‡q‡Q| mvg‡b GwM‡q hv‡e †mB mvnmI †bB| gyL
_ye‡o gvwU‡Z c‡o hvq A‡b‡K| †gwkbMv‡bi kã, ev‛Pv‡`i Kvbœvq evZvm fvix nq| Gfv‡e P‡j hy‡×i `vgvgv| G welqMy‡jv
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbv‡ZI ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ NUbvi ci¤“ivq DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ nqwb|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq †`Lv hvq, GKvˇii gyw³hy× Pjvi mgq gyw³‡hv×v I G‡`kevmx‡K Drmvn †`Iqvi Rb¨ ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi
†K›`ª bv‡g GKwU †iwW‡qv †÷kb Pvjy Kiv nq| GLv‡b Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K-Ave„wËKvi-wkíxmn mvs¯‥…wZK A½‡b A‡b‡KB QÙbvg e¨envi
K‡ib| Gfv‡e bvbv NUbv G iPbvq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| GwU w`bcwÄi AvKv‡i iwPZ gyw³hy× wb‡q ¯§„wZPviYg”jK MÖš’| Gfv‡e G iPbvwU
gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j bvbv NUbvi ci¤“iv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| hv DÏxc‡K cy‡ivcywi ewY©Z nqwb| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU ÔGKvˇii
w`bMywjÕ iPbvi LÊvsk gvÎ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcKwU ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi LÊvsk wn‡m‡eB cÖZxqgvb nq|
cÖkœ  05 `„k¨Kí-1 : iwdK mv‡ne cÖwZeQi †gRev‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡ib| AwfRvZ e¨w³eM©, AvÍxq-¯^Rb, ivR‣bwZK †bZ…e„›` I
D‛Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v‡`i wbgš¿Y K‡ib| wKš‘ Mwie Amnvq‡`i †gRev‡b cÖ‡ek wbwl× K‡ib|
`„k¨Kí-2 : 1853 mv‡j wµwgqvi hy‡× AvnZ •mwbK‡`i gv‡S †b‡g Av‡m AeY©bxq `ytL-`y`©kv| Zv‡`i hš¿Yv jvN‡ei
Rb¨ †d¬v‡iÝ bvBwU‡½j †mevi eªZ wb‡q GwM‡q Av‡mb| wZwb †mevq Ggbfv‡e AvÍwb‡qvM K‡ib †h w`b-
iv‡Z 20 NÈv cwikÖg Ki‡Zb| Zuvi †mev-ïkÖƒlv I mvš@¡bvq AvnZ c½y •mwbKiv †eu‡P _vKvi Avkv I
Rxe‡bi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva wd‡i cvq|
K. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ÔbgvR cwom †eUv?ÕÑ Dw³wU Kvi? 1
L. Ôme Øvi Gi †Lvjv i‡e, Pvjv nvZzwo kvej Pvjv|ÕÑ GK_v ejvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1Gi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ò`„k¨Kí-2G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwei cÖZ¨vkvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡QÓÑ gš@e¨ we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ÔbgvR cwom †eUv?ÕÑDw³wU †gvjÐv mv‡n‡ei|
i Ôme Øvi Gi †Lvjv i‡e, Pvjv nvZzwo kvej PvjvÕÑ GB K_vwU Øviv Kwe m„wóKZ©vi Dcvmbvj‡q cÖ‡e‡ki AwaKvi mevi mgvb eywS‡q‡Qb|
m„wóKZ©v †Kv‡bv we‡kl †kªwYi gvby‡li bb, wZwb mevi| ZvB Zuvi Dcvmbvj‡q cÖ‡e‡ki AwaKvi meviB mgvb| wKš‘ wKQy Amvay e¨w³
Dcvmbvj‡q cÖ‡e‡ki AwaKvi mxwgZ K‡i †`q †Kej wb‡Ri ¯^v_© nvwm‡ji Rb¨| Kwe Gi wei‚‡× Zxeª cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q e‡j‡Qb †h,
Dcvmbvj‡qi i‚× Øvi †f‡O †d‡j `vI, G Øvi mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³ Ki‡Z|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Ôme Øvi Gi †Lvjv i‡e, Pvjv nvZzwo kvej PvjvÕÑ GB K_vwU Øviv Kwe m„wóKZ©vi Dcvmbvj‡q cÖ‡e‡ki AwaKvi mevi mgvb eywS‡q‡Qb|
j `„k¨Kí-1Gi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv gvby‡l gvby‡l •elg¨g”jK AvPiY Kiv|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ `ywU Av͇Kw›`ªK PwiÎ| hv‡`i AvPi‡Y gvby‡l gvby‡l Amv‡g¨i w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| gmwR‡`i †gvjÐv I
gw›`‡ii cy‡ivwnZ ¯^v_©ci gvby‡li cÖZxK| A_P ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi GK ¶zavZ© e¨w³ gmwR`-gw›`‡i wM‡qI Lvevi bv †c‡q wd‡i hvq| A_P
†mB gmwR` wKsev gw›`‡i Zv‡K †`Iqvi g‡Zv ch©vß Lvevi wQj| GLv‡b Zv‡K gvbyl e‡jB MY¨ Kiv nqwb| eis Zv‡K bgvR cwom
†eUv, Zvn‡j †mvRv c_ †`L BZ¨vw` K_v e‡j H fzLvix‡K Zvwo‡q †`Iqv nq|
`„k¨Kí-1Gi iwdK mv‡ne GKRb nxb gvbwmKZvi gvbyl| wZwb mKj gvbyl‡K mgvb `„wó‡Z †`‡Lb bv| wZwb Mwie-Amnvq‡`i †Qv‡Uv
K‡i †`‡Lb| †nq cÖwZcbœ K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K, e‡ov‡jvK‡`i gvb¨ K‡ib, m¤§vb K‡ib| Zvi ¯^fv‡e †mUvB dzwU D‡V‡Q| wZwb cÖwZeQi †h
†gRev‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡ib Zv‡Z AwfRvZ e¨w³eM© AvÍxq¯^Rb, ivR‣bwZK †bZ…e„›` I D‛P c`¯’ Kg©KZ©v‡`i `vIqvZ †`b| wKš‘
Mwie Amnvq‡`i †gRev‡b cÖ‡ek wbwl× K‡ib| GLv‡b Zvi Amv‡g¨i welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q, hv ÔgvbylÕ KweZvqI ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `„k¨Kí-1Gi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv gvby‡l gvby‡l •elg¨g”jK AvPiY Kiv|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  189

k Ò`„k¨Kí-2G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei cÖZ¨vkvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|

ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwe Ggb gvby‡li cÖZ¨vkv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb whwb RvZ-cvZ wbwe©‡k‡l me gvby‡li †mevq wb‡R‡K wb‡ew`Z Ki‡eb| wbibœ
gvby‡li cv‡k whwb Avkvi cÖ`xc n‡q R¡‡j DV‡eb| gbyl¨‡Z¡i Aegvbbv nq Ggb KvR Ki‡eb bv|
`„k¨Kí-2G gvbe‡mevi GK D¾¡j `„óvš@ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| 1853 mv‡j wµwgqvi hy‡× AvnZ •mwbK‡`i gv‡S †b‡g Av‡m AeY©bxq
`ytL-`y`©kv| Zv‡`i hš¿Yv jvN‡ei Rb¨ †d¬v‡iÝ bvBwU‡½j †mevi eªZ wb‡q GwM‡q Av‡mb| Zvi †mev-kykÖ”lv I mvš@¦bvq AvnZ c½y
•mwbKiv †eu‡P _vKvi ¯^cœ †`‡L| Ggb gvbe‡mevB Kwei cÖZ¨vkv|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwe †hgb we‡`ªvnx †Zgwb mvg¨ev‡`i Kwe| Zvi g‡Z, gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQz †bB| †`k-Kvj-cv‡Îi †f‡` gvby‡li
†Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB| †h gvbyl gnr Kg© K‡i, gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y KvR K‡i, †Qv‡Uv-e‡ov, ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj‡KB mgvb †Pv‡L †`‡L ZvivB
cÖK…Z gvbyl| Giv KL‡bv gbyl¨‡Z¡i Aegvbbv K‡i bv, †Kej gvbe‡mevq eªZx _v‡K| †d¬v‡iÝ bvBwU‡½j †Zgwb GKwU PwiÎ| hvi †mevq
hy×vnZ †mbviv Rxe‡bi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva wd‡i cvq| ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi cÖZ¨vkvI gvby‡li †mev Kiv| ZvB ejv hvq, `„k¨Kí-2G ÔgvbylÕ
KweZvi Kwei cÖZ¨vkvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `k¨Kí-2G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei cÖZ¨vkvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
cÖkœ  06 DÏxcKÑ1 : ev`kv evei Kuvw`qv wdwi‡Q wb` bvwn †Pv‡L Zvi
cyÎ Zuvnvi ûgvqyb eywS euv‡P bv Gevi Avi!
Pvwiav‡i Zvi Nbv‡q Avwm‡Q giY-AÜKvi|
DÏxcK-2 : Avmgvwb‡i †`L‡Z hw` †Zvgiv m‡e PvI
iwngwÏi †QvÆ evwo imyjcy‡i hvI|
evwo †Zv bq cvwLi evmvÑ †fbœv cvZvi Qvwb,
GKUzLvwb e„wó n‡jB Mwo‡q c‡o cvwb|
K. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jK_v Kx? 1
L. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi weinx gv‡qi G‡Kjv civb †`v‡j †Kb? 2
M. DÏxcK-1Gi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †h mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK-2 ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jfve‡K aviY K‡iwb|Ó Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jK_v n‡jv AcZ¨‡ø‡ni Awbevh© AvKl©Y|
i Amy¯’ †Q‡ji g„Zy¨ Avk¼vq `ywðš@vMÖ¯@ nIqvi Kvi‡Y weinx gv‡qi G‡Kjv civb †`v‡j|
gv‡qi Kv‡Q Zvi mš@vb c„w_exi †kÖô m¤“`| gv m`v Zvi mš@v‡bi g½j Kvgbv K‡ib| ZvB hLb mš@vb Amy¯’ nq ZLb gv‡qi gb
`yt‡L f‡i I‡V| ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq GK Amy¯’ †Q‡ji Rb¨ gv‡qi gbtKó I Avk¼v cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Amy¯’ †Q‡ji gv_vi Kv‡Q gv
mvivivZ wbN©yg e‡m _v‡Kb| †Kv‡bv GK ARvbv Avk¼vq Zvi civb `y‡j I‡V| g”jZ, Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi g„Zy¨ Avk¼vq `ywðš@vMÖ¯@
nIqvi Kvi‡YB weinx gv‡qi civb †`v‡j|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Amy¯’ †Q‡ji g„Zz¨i k¼vq weinx gv‡qi G‡Kjv civb †`v‡j|
j DÏxcK-1Gi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi mš@v‡bi cÖwZ gv‡qi AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Ôcwj-RbbxÕ KweZvq †`Lv hvq, i‚M&Y mš@v‡bi cv‡k mvivivZ e‡m †_‡K‡Qb Zvi gv| hw`I wZwb A‡_©i Afv‡e cy‡Îi Avb›` I c_¨
†RvUv‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| ZviciI cy‡Îi cÖwZ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb gv| wZwb Amy¯’ cy‡Îi Rb¨ `iMvq `vb †g‡b‡Qb|
mvivivZ †R‡M m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb| GQvov i‚M&Y mš@v‡bi cv‡k e‡m ivZ †R‡M Zv‡K †mev w`‡q‡Qb| i‚M&Y cwi‡e‡k
mš@v‡bi cv‡k e‡m Zvi g‡b k¼v †R‡M I‡V|
DÏxc‡K ev`kv evei Zuvi cyÎ ûgvqy‡bi †ivMgyw³i Avkvq Aw¯’i Ges wb`ªvnxb Ae¯’vq ivZ cvi K‡i‡Qb| wZwb evievi cy‡Îi
Rxebwf¶v †P‡q‡Qb, cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb| ev`kv eveiI KweZvq cwj­gv‡qi g‡Zv mš@v‡bi cÖwZ wbt¯^v_© fv‡jvevmv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| ZvB
ejv hvq, mš@v‡bi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡ev‡ai w`KwU DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : mš@v‡bi cÖwZ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmvi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q Dfq‡¶‡Î|
k ÒDÏxcK-2 ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jfve‡K aviY K‡iwb|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq cwjÐcÖK…wZi GK wbLyuZ wPÎ Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q| cwjÐi GK gv I †Q‡ji `vwi`Ö¨wK¬ó msmvi Rxe‡bi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
i‚M&Y †Q‡ji Rb¨ †h gv mvgvb¨ c‡_¨iI e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| †Kej cy‡Îi g„Zy¨ Avk¼vq n‡q‡Qb fxZ I wbi‚cvq|
DÏxc‡Ki e³e¨ LyeB msw¶ß| GLv‡b Avmgvwbiv Avm‡j cwjÐ gv‡q‡`i g‡ZvB Zv‡`i evwo‡K †fbœvcvZvi Qvwb wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb Kwe|
mvgvb¨ e„wó n‡jB †mB evwo‡Z cvwb Mwo‡q c‡o| mvgvb¨ evZv‡m boe‡o n‡q hvIqv GB evwo‡ZB Zviv eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i emevm Ki‡Q|
DÏxc‡K Abvnv‡i Aa©vnv‡i _vKv Avmgvwb‡`i RxebwPÎ †f‡m D‡V‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K, KweZvq gv Zvi iyM&Y †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m _v‡K g„Zy¨i Avk¼vq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  190

ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq iyM&Y cy‡Îi wkq‡i e‡m ivZRvMv GK gv‡qi gbtKó eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| mš@vb nviv‡bvi g‡Zv †e`bvweayi cwiw¯’wZi
gy‡LvgywL †m| ZvB‡Zv KvbvKy‡qvi WvK, ev`y‡oi cvLv SvcUvwb‡Z gv‡qi gb kw¼Z n‡q I‡V| mš@v‡bi cÖwZ gv‡qi AvKl©Y G KweZvi g”j
K_v| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki Gm‡ei †Kv‡bv Aw¯@Z¡ j¶ Kiv hvq bv| DÏxc‡K Avmgvwbi `vwi`Ö¨wK¬ó Rxe‡bi cÖwZ‛Qwe wn‡m‡e D‡V G‡m‡Q| †mLv‡b
†Kej Zv‡`i iƒp RxebhvÎv Ges Avw_©K Uvbv‡cv‡ob G‡m‡Q| DÏxc‡K wPivqZ gvZ„‡mœn Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb| KweZvq †hgb Avgiv GKUv M‡íi
gvZ„‡mœ‡ni KiyY AvKywZ †`L‡Z cvB, DÏxc‡Ki †Kv_vI Zv cwijw¶Z nq bv| AZGe, Av‡jvP¨ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv hvq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK-2 ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi g”jfve‡K aviY K‡iwb|
cÖkœ  07 `„k¨Kí-1 : iwng wgqv eM©vPvwl| ivZw`b cwikÖg K‡i dmj dwj‡qI b¨vh¨ Ask cvb bv| Rwgi gvwjK †Rvi K‡i †ewk
dmj wb‡q †bb| G‡Z iwn‡gi gb `ytL-fvivµvš@ nq|
`„k¨Kí-2 : Aveyj wgqv GKwU †`vKv‡bi Kg©Pvix| wbqwgZ †eZb cvb| _vKv-LvIqvmn †Kv‡bv mgm¨v nq bv| gvwjK
cÖwZeQi †eZb e„w× K‡ib| †mI mZZv I cwikÖ‡gi mv‡_ KvR K‡i|
K. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq kh¨vq GKv wewb`ª ivZ Rv‡M †K? 1
L. Zvi Rxe‡bi Ô¯^‡cœi g‡Zv wc‡Q m‡i hvq ebÕÑ GK_v ejvi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1Gi mv‡_ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. `„k¨Kí-2Gi Aveyj wgqvi g‡Zv myweav †c‡j ivbv‡ii Rxeb myL-mg„wׇZ c”Y© _vK‡ZvÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔivbviÕ KweZvq kh¨vq GKv wewb`ª ivZ Rv‡M ivbv‡ii wcÖqv|
i ivbv‡ii Rxeb wb‡q †`Lv †Kv‡bv ¯^cœB c”iY nqwbÑ GLv‡b Kwe †m K_vB e‡j‡Qb|
mKj gvby‡li Rxe‡bB ¯^cœ _v‡K| KviI ¯^cœ c”iY nq KviI nq bv| †Zgwb ¯^cœ wQj ivbv‡ii Rxe‡bI| Z‡e †m ¯^cœ c”iY nIqvi †Kv‡bv
Z_¨ Avgv‡`i Rvbv †bB| Zvi mKj ¯^cœ †cQ‡b P‡j †M‡Q, †hgb Zvi Pjvi c_ †_‡K eb m‡i hvq µgk| bvbv Mv‡Q eb mg„× _v‡K
†Zgwb ivbv‡ii Rxe‡bi ¯^cœMy‡jvI nq‡Zv bvbv kvLvcÖkvLvq cwic”Y© wQj; wKš‘ †Kv‡bvUvB c”iY nqwb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ivbv‡ii Rxeb wb‡q †`Lv †Kv‡bv ¯^cœB c”iY nqwbÑ GLv‡b Kwe †m K_vB e‡j‡Qb|
j `„k¨Kí-1Gi mv‡_ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv Z¨vM I msMÖvgx Rxeb|
ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ewY©Z, ivbvi mvgvb¨ †eZbfz³ Kg©Pvix| wKš‘ e‡ov `vwqZ¡ Zv‡K cvjb Ki‡Z nq| †iv`-e„wó-So gv_vq wb‡q wcÖqR‡bi
Kv‡Q Lei †cÖiY Ki‡ZB nq| iv‡Zi Nyg D‡c¶v K‡i †m Wv‡Ki †evSv wb‡q hvq gvby‡li Kv‡Q| †m gvby‡li myL -`yt‡Li evZ©v wc‡V e‡q
P‡j| wKš‘ Afvex ivbv‡ii Lei †KD iv‡L bv| Z¨vMB Zvi Rxe‡bi g”j, `vwi`ª¨B Zvi wbZ¨m½x|
`„k¨Kí-1G †`Lv hvq, iwng wgqv GKRb eM©vPvwl| †m ivZw`b K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i| GZ Kó K‡i dmj dwj‡qI †m b¨vh¨ g”j¨ cvq bv|
Zvi mwVK Ask †m cvq bv| Rwgi gvwjK †Rvi K‡i †ewk dmj wb‡q †bq| G‡Z iwng wgqv Kó cvq| Zvi gb `yt‡L fvivµvš@ nq|
Abyiƒc ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbviI Zvi Kv‡Ri mwVK g”j¨vqb cvq bv| Zvi †eZb Kg wKš‘ `vwqZ¡ KwVb| iwng wgqvi g‡ZvB Zvi msmv‡i
Afve †j‡MB _v‡K| Z¨vM I msMÖvg meB Df‡qi Rxe‡b we`¨gvb| Avi G w`KwUB Df‡qi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `„k¨Kí-1Gi mv‡_ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv Z¨vM I msMÖvgx Rxeb|
k `„k¨Kí-2Gi Aveyj wgqvi g‡Zv myweav †c‡j ivbv‡ii Rxeb myL-mg„wׇZ c”Y© _vK‡ZvÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ivbvi †`‡ki GK gnvb †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ Ges †m †ckvq Zvi †eZb LyeB Kg| wKš‘ Zv‡K wVKB K‡Vvi cwikÖg Ki‡Z nq| GB mvgvb¨
†eZb †c‡qB iv‡Zi Nyg D‡c¶v K‡i h_v_© `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| wKš‘ GB Afvex ivbv‡ii Lei †KD iv‡L bv|
`„k¨Kí-2Gi Aveyj wgqv GKwU †`vKv‡bi Kg©Pvix| †m wbqwgZ †eZb cvq| Zvi _vKv, LvIqvi †Kv‡bv mgm¨v nq bv| †`vKv‡bi gvwjK
cÖwZeQi Zvi †eZb evwo‡q †`q| †mI mZZvi mv‡_ KvR K‡i| cwikÖg Ki‡Z †m wØav‡eva K‡i bv| wKš‘ ivbv‡ii PwiÎ Zvi D‡ëv|
ivbvi K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i wKš‘ †eZb cvq LyeB Kg| hv w`‡q Zvi msmvi P‡j bv| †mw`‡K KviI †Kv‡bv †Lqvj †bB|
ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbvi GKRb cwikÖgx gvbyl| Avcb KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi Rb¨ †m m`v m‡Pó _v‡K| cÖwZw`b †m MÖvnK‡`i †_‡K e¨w³MZ I
cÖ‡qvRbxq wPwV, A_©, mgMÖx †cu․‡Q †`q| †iv`-e„wó-So I iv‡Zi AÜKvi †Kv‡bv wKQzB Zvi KZ©‡e¨i c‡_ evav n‡q `uvov‡Z cv‡i bv|
KL‡bv †m iv‡Zi Nyg wemR©b w`‡q Qz‡U P‡j| †m Kv‡R wbôv I `vwqZ¡kxjZvi cwiPq †`q| wKš‘ Zvi fv‡M¨i e`j nq bv| Zvi Afve
†Nv‡P bv| †eZb e„w× nq bv Aveyj wgqvi g‡Zv| msmvi Pj bv Zvi g‡Zv| Afve Zvi msmv‡i †j‡MB _v‡K| K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡iI Zvi
†Kv‡bv jvf nq bv| ZvB †m hw` Aveyj wgqvi g‡Zv myweav †cZ Zvn‡j Zvi RxebI myL-mg„wׇZ c”Y© _vK‡Zv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `„k¨Kí-2Gi Aveyj wgqvi g‡Zv myweav †c‡j ivbv‡ii RxebI myL-mg„wׇZ c”Y© _vK‡Zv|
cÖkœ  08 AwgZ wQj AZ¨š@ †gavex, wbixn I kvš@ cÖK…wZi †Q‡j| †m `v½v-nv½vgv‡K Gwo‡q PjZ| 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j
cvwK¯@vwb evwnbx ¯’vbxq ivRvKvi‡`i mnvqZvq Zv‡`i evwo‡Z nvbv w`‡q Ni-evwo R¦vwj‡q †`q| MÖv‡gi ci MÖv‡g Zv‡`i ZvÊe P‡j|
cÖwZ‡kv‡ai AvMy‡b R¦‡j IVv AwgZ nVvr K‡i AZ¨š@ mvnmx n‡q I‡V| gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`Iqv AwgZ G‡Ki ci GK exiZ¡c ”Y©
Awfhv‡bi Kvi‡Y cvK‡mbv I Zv‡`i †`vmi‡`i Kv‡Q AvZ‡¼i KviY n‡q I‡V|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  191

K. ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m Kvi †PvL Ac”e© wQj? 1

L. eyav PvwPi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q I‡V †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Awg‡Zi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Ògnvb gyw³hy× DÏxc‡Ki AwgZ I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡Zv Zi‚Y‡`i mvnmx †hv×vq cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|ÓÑ Dw³wU
we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m webyi †PvL Ac”e© wQj|
i PvwP eyav‡K gyw³i ¯^v` w`‡q‡Q e‡j eyav PvwPi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q D‡V|
†eKvi PvPvi msmv‡i †evSv¯^iƒc eyavi Kv‡Q gyw³ Pvq PvwP| eyavI P‡j hvq PvwPi msmvi †_‡K| eyav PvwPi K_vq msmvi Z¨vM K‡i ¯^vaxb
Rxebhvcb K‡i| eyav Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i gyw³i ¯^v`| ZvB eyav PvwPi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q D‡V|
Dˇii g”jK_v : PvwP eyav‡K gyw³i ¯^v` w`‡q‡Q e‡j eyav PvwPi cÖwZ K…ZÁ n‡q D‡V|
j DÏxc‡Ki Awg‡Zi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv fxlY mvnmx I cvëv cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjv|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav fxlY mvnmx GK wK‡kvi hyeK| evev-gv, fvB-†evb gviv hvIqvi K_v g‡b n‡j Zvi Avi fq _v‡K bv|
Muv‡qi †jvK Zv‡K cvMj ej‡jI †m Avm‡j GK mvnmx evjK| GKv GKv †e‡o DV‡Z wM‡q †m AviI mvnmx n‡q D‡V| GK ch©v‡q †m
Rwo‡q c‡o gyw³hy‡×| †`‡ki cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva, we‡`wk wgwjUvwi‡`i cÖwZ N„Yv, †`kv͇eva Zvi Pwi‡Îi cÖavb •ewkó¨| †`k‡K fv‡jvev‡m
e‡j †m ax‡i ax‡i gyw³‡hv×v n‡q I‡V|
DÏxc‡Ki AwgZ AZ¨š@ †gavex, wbixn I kvš@ cÖK…wZi †Q‡j wQj| †m `v½v nv&½vgv‡K Gwo‡q Pj‡Zv| wKš‘ hLb gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡jv
Ges Zvi evwo-Ni R¡vwj‡q †`Iqv n‡jv ZLb k΂‡`i cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z †m fxlY mvnmx n‡q I‡V| †m cÖwZ‡kv‡ai AvMy‡b R¡‡j I‡V Ges
gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡q G‡Ki ci GK exiZ¡c”Y© Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i| †m cvK‡mbv I Zv‡`i †`vmi‡`i Kv‡Q AvZ‡¼i KviY n‡q
I‡V| Gfv‡e Awg‡Zi k΂ wbab, mvnmx f‚wgKv cvjb, †`‡ki Rb¨ hy× Kiv BZ¨vw`i mv‡_ mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi| eyavi †hgb
mvnm I gvbweK MyY i‡q‡Q †Zgwb Awg‡ZiI Av‡Q| †`kv͇ev‡ai †PZbv Df‡qi Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨B cwiùzU n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e Dfq PwiÎ
mv`„k¨c”Y© n‡q I‡V|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Awg‡Zi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv fxlY mvnmx I cvëv cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjv|
k Ògnvb gyw³hy× DÏxc‡Ki AwgZ I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡Zv Zi‚Y‡`i mvnmx †hv×vq cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav GKRb wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v| †m †`‡L‡Q Kxfv‡e Zvi wb‡Ri MÖv‡g k΂iv AvMyb w`‡q‡Q| gvbyl nZ¨v K‡i‡Q|
G‡`‡ki wKQz †jvK cvK‡mbv‡`i mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| Zviv ivRvKvi, Avje`i, Avj kvgm| Gme †`‡L Zvi g‡a¨ †`kv͇eva †R‡M I‡V|
DÏxc‡Ki AwgZ †hgb †gavex †Zgwb mvnmx| cÖ_g w`‡K kvš@ cÖK…wZi wQj| ZvB †m `v½v-nv½vgv‡K Gwo‡q PjZ| 1971 mv‡j
gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j cvKevwnbx ¯’vbxq ivRvKvi‡`i mnvqZvq Zv‡`i evwo‡Z nvbv w`‡q Nievwo R¡vwj‡q †`q| MÖv‡gi ci MÖv‡g ZvÊe
Pvjvq| Gme †`‡L AwgZ nVvr mvnmx I cÖwZ‡kvacivqY n‡q I‡V|
DÏxc‡Ki AwgZ †hgb Zi‚Y †Zgwb Dcb¨v‡mi eyavI Zvi‚‡Y¨i cÖZxK GK mvnmx PwiÎ| G‡`‡ki eû Zi‚Y gyw³hy‡× Ask †bq| k΂
wba‡b kc_ K‡i| †`‡ki Rb¨ jovB K‡i Ae‡k‡l weRq AR©b K‡i| AwgZ I eyav †Zgwb `ywU Zi‚Y PwiÎ| Zviv ¯^v axbZv msMÖv‡g
†K․kjx †hv×vi f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| cÖwZ‡kva †bIqvi Rb¨ gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡q‡Q| wewfbœ Awfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i mvnmx †hv×vq
cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Ges mdj n‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, gnvb gyw³hy× DÏxc‡Ki AwgZ I Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡Zv Zi‚Y‡`i mvnmx †hv×vq
cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gnvb gyw³hy× DÏxc‡Ki AwgZ I ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi g‡Zv Zi‚Y‡`i mvnmx †hv×vq cwiYZ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  09 fqven AwMœKv‡Ê wgbv‡ii cwiev‡ii mevB gviv †Mj| AvcbR‡bi Av`i †øn †_‡K ewÂZ wgbvi Zvi GK wbKU AvÍx‡qi
evwo‡Z AvkÖq wb‡q ¯^w¯@ Lyu‡R cvq| †m GKwU ¯‥z‡j fwZ© nq| †`k‡mevq wb‡R‡K DrmM© Kivi cÖZ¨‡q †jLvcov Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡K|
K. nv‡kg wgqv eyav‡K Kx bv‡g WvKZ? 1
L. Òfq I‡K Kvey K‡i bvÓÑ †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wgbv‡ii mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h Pwi‡Îi wgj i‡q‡Q Zv D‡jÐL K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m¤“”Y©fve cÖKvk K‡iwbÓÑ Dw³wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h nv‡kg wgqv eyav‡K †LvKb evey e‡j WvKZ|
i †Qv‡Uv‡ejvq eyav‡K †KD f‚Z ev RyRyi fq †`Lvqwb e‡j fq I‡K Kvey K‡i bv|
gv-evev I cwievi-cwiRbnviv eyav wb‡Ri wbq‡g †e‡o D‡V‡Q| †Qv‡Uv‡ejvq †KD Zv‡K f‚‡Zi Mí e‡jwb| Zv‡K RyRyi fq †`Lv‡bvi
g‡Zv †KD wQj bv| d‡j fqUv wK Zv †m Rv‡b bv| GRb¨ †Kv‡bv fq Zv‡K Kvey K‡i bv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : †Qv‡Uv‡ejvq evev-gv nviv‡bvq eyav wbf©xKfv‡e wbR¯^ wbq‡g e‡ov n‡q‡Q ZvB fq eyav‡K Kvey K‡i bv|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  192

j DÏxc‡Ki wgbv‡ii mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi wgj i‡q‡Q|

ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav K‡jiv gnvgvwi‡Z GKiv‡Z wcZv-gvZv, fvB-†evb mevB‡K nvwi‡q G‡Kev‡i wbt¯^ n‡q c‡o| GKv GKv †e‡o
DV‡Z wM‡q †m fxlY mvnmx n‡q I‡V| PvwPi evwo †Q‡o P‡j G‡j Zvi g‡a¨ gyw³i ¯^va Rv‡M| wK‡kvi eq‡mB †m †hvM †`q gyw³hy‡×|
†m †K․kjx gyw³‡hv×v| †m k΂ wba‡b K¨v‡¤“i evsKv‡i gvBb cyu‡Z †i‡L †`q| ivRvKv‡ii evwo‡Z AvMyb †`q| GZ †Qv‡Uv eq‡mI Zvi
g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg RvMÖZ nq|
DÏxc‡Ki wgbv‡ii cwiev‡ii mevB gviv hvq fqven AwMœKv‡Ê| wgbvi n‡q hvq wbt¯^, GKvKx| AvcbRb nvwi‡q †m GLb †divix| †k‡l
GK wbKU AvÍx‡qi evwo‡Z AvkÖq Luy‡R cvq †m| evev-gvi †¯œn-Av`i †_‡K ewÂZ nq| GK mgq Zvi g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg RvMÖZ nq| eyavi
g‡ZvB Zvi Rxeb| eyav †hgb mvnmx †mI †Zgwb mvnmx| eyavi g‡Zv wgbv‡iiI evev-gv †bB| DfqB GwZg, wbt¯^| Gme w`K w`‡q eyavi
mv‡_ wgbv‡ii wgj cwijw¶Z nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wgbv‡ii mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi wgj i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m¤“”Y©fve cÖKvk K‡iwb|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb welq K‡jivq cwievi-cwiRb nviv‡bv eyyavi gyw³hy‡× Rwo‡q covi Mí| †mB mv‡_ GB Dcb¨v‡m cvK
wgwjUvwii b„ksmZv I gyw³‡hv×v‡`i cÖwZ‡iv‡ai bvbv w`K D‡V G‡m‡Q|
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, wgbv‡ii cwiev‡ii mevB gviv hvq fqven AwMœKv‡Ê| †m AvcbR‡bi †¯œn-Av`i †_‡K ewÂZ nq| Gw`KwUi mv‡_
Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡mi wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| DÏxc‡K Av‡iv i‡q‡Q wgbvi GK wbKU AvÍx‡qi evwo‡Z AvkÖq wb‡q ¯^w¯@ Lyu‡R cvq| †m
GKwU ¯‥z‡j fwZ© nq| †`k‡mevq wb‡R‡K DrmM© Kivi msKí K‡i Ges †m D‡Ï‡k¨ †jLvcov Pvwj‡q hvq| hv Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡m wea„Z
nqwb|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ AviI e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| GLv‡b †`Lv hvq, gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j eyav n‡q I‡V GK mvnmx wK‡kvi
gyw³‡hv×v| †m gvBb w`‡q mdj Awfhvb Pvwj‡q cvK wgwjUvwi‡`i K¨v¤“ Dwo‡q †`q| GQvov wgwjUvwiiv Zvi MÖv‡g MYnZ¨v Pvjvq|
Zv‡`i †`Iqv AvMy‡b cy‡o QvB n‡q hvq nvU-evRvi I emwZ| eyavi cvkvcvwk AviI wKQz AcÖavb PwiÎ G Dcb¨v‡m i‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ Kzwš@,
†bvjK eyqv, nwiKvKz, Avwj, wgVz, cÖgyL| Gme NUbvi †Kv‡bvUvB DÏxc‡K ewY©Z nqwb| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU Dcb¨v‡mi
m¤“”Y©fve cÖKvk K‡iwb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcKwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi m¤“”Y©fve cÖKvk K‡iwb|
cÖkœ  10 Avigvb mv‡ne we‡q K‡i‡Qb AvU eQi n‡jv| wKš‘ wZwb GLbI wbtmš@vb| mvZ-cuvP †f‡e Avigvb mv‡n‡ei gv wc‡ii
cvwb cov Avb‡Z hvq| G‡Z Avigvb mv‡ne ivM Ki‡j Zuvi gv e‡jb, Giv AvjÐvni Awj, mKj Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e Ki‡Z cv‡i| evev
PvB‡j wbðqB Ni Av‡jvwKZ K‡i mš@vb Avm‡e|
K. ewncx‡ii evj¨eÜyi bvg Kx? 1
L. ÔZvnviv Zvnv‡`i b”Zb Rxe‡bi c‡_ hvB‡Z‡Q?Õ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei gv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©? Zz‡j a‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z welqwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki c”Y©v½ cÖwZ‛Qwe bqÑ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h cÖkœwU mwVK bq| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K nv‡Zg Avwji evj¨eÜyi bvg cvIqv hvq| hvi bvg Av‡bvqviDwÏb|
i cwiw¯’wZ †g‡b †bIqvi BwZevPK gvbwmKZvi Kvi‡YB ewncxi GB Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K †`Lv hvq, Zv‡niv‡K e‡k Avbvi Rb¨ ewncxi bvbv †K․kj MÖnY K‡ib| GgbwK cywj‡ki fqI †`Lvb| wKš‘ mewKQz
D‡c¶v K‡i †kl ch©š@ nv‡kg Zv‡nivi nvZ a‡i P‡j hvIqvi ci ewncxi kvš@fve aviY K‡ib Ges welqwU ¯^vfvweK wn‡m‡e †g‡b
†bIqvi BwZevPK gvbwmKZv Zvi g‡a¨ m„wó nq| wKš‘ Zvi GB BwZevPK g‡bvfv‡ei Aš@iv‡j wQj Zvi AmnvqZ¡| KviY evovevwo
Ki‡j Zvi wc‡ii gh©v`v bó n‡Z cv‡i †f‡eB wZwb welqwUi cÖwZ BwZevPK gvbwmKZv cÖ`k©b K‡iwQ‡jb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : wewfbœ †K․k‡ji AvkÖq wb‡qI †kl ch©š@ nv‡kg I Zv‡niv‡K AvU‡K ivL‡Z bv cvivq ewncxi cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei gv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv Kzms¯‥viv‛Qbœ I ag©fxi‚| eRivq GKUv A‡Pbv †g‡q‡K †m AvkÖq †`q| wKš‘ hLb †m Rvb‡Z cv‡i †g‡qwU‡K
†Rvi K‡i wc‡ii m‡½ we‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q ZLb †m Zv‡K wc‡ii Kv‡Q wdwi‡q w`‡Z †P‡q‡Q| †m g‡b K‡i, wc‡ii †h‡Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri
we‡ivaxZv Ki‡j Awfkv‡ci gy‡L co‡Z n‡e| †m GUv eyS‡Z †Póv K‡i bv †h, wci mv‡ne Ab¨vq Ki‡j Zv •ea nq bv| GLv‡b †Lv‡`Rvi
g‡a¨ ag©fxi‚Zv I Kzms¯‥vi cwijw¶Z nq|
DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei gv GKRb AÜ ag©fxi‚ I Kzms¯‥vigbv bvix| wZwb †Q‡j‡K we‡q w`‡q‡Qb AvU eQi n‡jv| wKš‘ GL‡bv †Q‡j
wbtmš@vb| A‡bK †f‡e Zvi gv wc‡ii cvwb cov Avb‡Z hvq| G‡Z Avigvb mv‡ne ivM Ki‡jI Zvi gv‡qi AÜ ag© wek¦vm AUzU _v‡K| Zvi
gv‡qi †f`-Ávb †h, wc‡iiv n‡jv AvjÐvni Awj| mKj Am¤¢e‡K m¤¢e Ki‡Z cv‡i| wci‡K Zvi gv evev e‡j m‡¤^vab K‡ib| Zvi Ggb
g‡bvfv‡e AÜ agx©q wek¦vm I Kzms¯‥vi dz‡U I‡V| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei gv Av‡jvP¨ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei gv ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  193

k DÏxc‡K ewY©Z AÜ agx©q wek¦vm I Kzms¯‥v‡ii welqwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki c”Y©v½ cÖwZ‛Qwe bq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv mgv‡R cÖPwjZ ms¯‥v‡i wek¦vmx GKRb bvix| we‡q‡K wZwb fv‡M¨i e¨vcvi e‡j g‡b K‡ib| ZvB e„× wc‡ii
m‡½ †Rvi K‡i we‡q †`Iqv n‡jI †Lv‡`Rv Pvb, Zv‡niv Zvi m‡½ Rxeb KvwU‡q w`K| wZwb g‡b K‡ib, wc‡ii K_v ïb‡Z nq| wc‡ii
e`‡`vqv wb‡Z nq bv| Zv bv n‡j Ag½j nq|
DÏxc‡K Kzms¯‥vi, AÜ ag©xq wek¦vm dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Avigvb mv‡n‡ei gv‡qi g‡b `„p wek¦vm, wc‡ii cvwb cov †L‡j †Q‡j mš@v‡bi gyL
†`L‡e| wci evev PvB‡j wbðqB Ni Av‡jvwKZ K‡i mš@vb Avm‡e| Ggb wek¦vm ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡KI we`¨gvb|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki welq-cwimi e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| KviY G bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj GKRb
¶wqòz Rwg`vi| Zv‡niv GKwU cÖwZev`x PwiÎ| nv‡kg Avwj ewncx‡ii wecixZ PwiÎ| Rwg`vi wMwbœ AZ¨š@ mv`vgvUv GKwU PwiÎ|
Gm‡ei Av‡jvPbv DÏxc‡K †bB| ZvB h_v_©B ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K ewY©Z welqwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki c”Y©v½ cÖwZ‛Qwe bq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K ewY©Z AÜ agx©q wek¦vm I Kzms¯‥v‡ii welqwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki c”Y©v½ cÖwZ‛Qwe bq|
cÖkœ  11 gvZ…nviv mywdqv mrgv‡qi msmv‡i e‡ov n‡q‡Q| evev Zv‡K MÖv‡gi abvX¨ GK eq¯‥ †jv‡Ki mv‡_ we‡q w`‡Z PvB‡j mywdqv
Awb‛Qv m‡Ë¡I ivwR n‡q hvq| wKš‘ Zvi mrgv cÖwZev` K‡ib Ges †g‡q‡K Ab¨Î we‡q †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. kn‡i ewncx‡ii KqRb abx gywi` Av‡Qb? 1
L. ÒGKUv ¯^cœ †f‡O †M‡j Av‡iKUv ¯^cœ Mo‡Z cvi‡eÓÑ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki evev PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi·K wb‡`©k K‡iÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki mywdqv Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi PvwiwÎK •ewkó¨ m¤“”Y© wecixZag©xÓÑ Dw³wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h kn‡i ewncx‡ii wZbRb abx gywi` Av‡Qb|
i QvcvLvbv •Zwii ¯^cœ †f‡O hvIqvi Avk¼vq wb‡Ri Ici Av¯’v ivL‡Z wM‡q nv‡kg cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Q|
nv‡kg Avwji ¯^cœ wQj GKwU QvcvLvbv cÖwZôv Kiv| wKš‘ m”h©v¯@ AvB‡b evevi Rwg`vwi nvZQvov n‡q †M‡j †mwU Avi m¤¢e nq bv| ZvB
†m wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zvi Ici Av¯’v ivL‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Q, ÔGKUv ¯^cœ †f‡O †M‡j Av‡iKUv ¯^cœ Mo‡Z cvie|Õ g”jZ ev¯@eZv‡K †g‡b wb‡ZB
nv‡kg Avwj wb‡Ri †hvM¨Zvi Ici Av¯’v †i‡L cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : cÖ‡kœv³ Z_¨wU Øviv nv‡kg Avwji `„p g‡bvej‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki evev PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev I mrgv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Ab¨Zg Myi‚Z¡c”Y© PwiÎ Zv‡niv| †m gvZ…nviv, Zvi evev Kzms¯‥viv‛Qbœ gvbweKZvi GKRb gvbyl| Zvi evevi mv‡_ Zvi
mrgvI Zv‡nivi B‛Qvi wei‚‡× K_v e‡j Ges Zv‡K †nq cÖwZcbœ K‡i| Zv‡niv Amg eqwm wci‡K we‡q Ki‡e bv| wKš‘ Zvi evev
bv‡Qvoev›`v, Zv‡K H e„× wc‡i‡K we‡q Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv‡niv Zvi evevi wm×vš@‡K †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB we‡qi iv‡ZB †m ewncx‡ii
KvQ †_‡K cvwj‡q nv‡kg‡`i eRivq AvkÖq wb‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, gvZ…nviv mywdqv mrgv‡qi msmv‡i †m e‡ov n‡q‡Q| evev Zv‡K MÖv‡gi GK eq¯‥ †jv‡Ki mv‡_ we‡q w`‡Z Pvb|
†jvKwU MÖv‡gi GKRb abx e¨w³| cÖ_‡g mywdqv Amg eqwm †jv‡Ki mv‡_ we‡q‡Z ivwR nqwb| Z‡e c‡i ivwR n‡q‡Q| hw`I Zvi mrgv
Gi cÖwZev` K‡ib Ges †g‡q‡K Ab¨Î we‡q †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| Zv‡niv †hgb cÖwZev`x GK PwiÎ †Zgwb mywdqvi mrgvI GK
cÖwZev`x PwiÎ| Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki evev PwiÎ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi Kzms¯‥viv‛Qbœ evev I mrgv‡K cÖwZdwjZ K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki evev PwiÎwU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi evev I mrgv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki mywdqv Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi PvwiwÎK •ewkó¨ m¤“”Y© wecixZag©x|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv GK ¯^vaxb‡PZv cÖwZev`x PwiÎ| Zvi AvPi‡Y GK mgq bgbxqZv, Ab¨ Av‡iK mg‡q gvbweKZv dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Zviv evev I mrgv wQj Kzms¯‥viv‛Qbœ I cÖMwZnxb| ZrKvjxb mgvRe¨e¯’vq e¨w³¯^vaxbZv‡K g”j¨ †`Iqv n‡Zv bv|
DÏxc‡Ki mywdqv mrgv‡qi msmv‡i e‡ov n‡q‡Q| Zvi ¯^fv‡e †Kej Abgbxq fveB dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †Kv‡bv cÖwZev`x †PZbv j¶Yxq bq|
GK eq¯‥ †jv‡Ki mv‡_ Zv‡K we‡q †`Iqv n‡‛Q| A_P †m Awb‛Qv m‡Ë¡I we‡q‡Z ivwR n‡q hvq| †m Rxeb m¤“‡K© m¤“”Y© Am‡PZb I
cÖwZev`nxb| wKš‘ Zv‡nivi ¯^fv‡e †mwU cwijw¶Z nqwb|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Zv‡nivi Pwi‡Î cÖwZev`x Ges Abgbxq •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Zvi Pwi‡Îi AviI GKwU w`K n‡jv gvbweKZv| †m Ab¨vq
I g‡Zi wei‚‡× we‡q †g‡b †bqwb; eis `ytmvn‡mi mv‡_ nv‡kg Avwji nvZ a‡i cvwj‡q‡Q| Zv‡K wek kZ‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢ bvix AwaKvi I
RvMi‡Yi cÖZxK PwiÎ ejv hvq| Gme welq DÏxc‡Ki mywdqvi Pwi‡Î †`Lv hvq bv| ZvB ejv hvq, myw dqv Ges Zv‡nivi PvwiwÎK
•ewkó¨ m¤“”Y© wecixZag©x|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mywdqv Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi PvwiwÎK •ewkó¨ m¤“”Y© wecixZag©x|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  194

ewikvj †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg”n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U
Kjg Øviv m¤“”Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. Ômyfv kqbM„n nB‡Z evwni nBqvÕ †Kv_vq jywU‡q c‡o? 17. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Ôwn›`yqvbxÕ fvlv ej‡Z Kwe †Kvb fvlv‡K eywS‡q‡Qb?
E †Mvqvj N‡i F †XuwKkvjvq E Aviwe F evsjv G dviwm H wnw›`
 G †ZuZzj Zjvq H b`xZ‡U 18. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq ÔLB †dvUv‡jvÕ kã Øviv Kx
2. cÖg_ †PŠayixi g‡Z †KvbwU mv¶vrfv‡e D`ic”wZ©i Kv‡R jv‡M bv? eywS‡q‡Qb?
E mvwnZ¨ F jvB‡eªwi G wk¶v H Rxebxkw³
E weKU AvIqvR F exfrm Ae¯’v 
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :  G cÖPÊ Mywjel©Y H cÖej AvµgY
ingZ Afv‡ei Zvobvq AvdMvwb¯@vb †_‡K G‡`‡k e¨vemv Ki‡Z G‡m,
19. ¶zw`ivg‡K †Kb duvwm †`Iqv nq?
wKmwgm I ev`vg Nyl w`‡q wgwbi ¶z`ª gbwU Rq K‡iwQj, †Kbbv wgwbi
E mgvRwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¨ F PÆMÖv‡gi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ 
g‡a¨ †m Zvi Kb¨v iZœ‡K Lyu‡R cvq|
 G bxj we‡`ªv‡n RwoZ _vKvi Rb¨ H weªwUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¨
3. DÏxc‡K ing‡Zi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq hv‡K cvqÑ
E iwng PvPv F Amy¯’ †Q‡jwU 20. evsjv fvlvq gaym”`b `Ë cÖewZ©Z Q›` †KvbwU?
 G AvwRR H †Q‡jwUi gv E ¯^ie„Ë F AwgÎv¶i G M`¨ Q›` H gvÎve„Ë
4. D³ Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ cÖKvwkZ w`KwU ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvqÑ  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 21 I 22bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
i. `vwi`ªZvi KlvNvZ ii. AcZ¨‡øn Ô†jLK KL‡bv KL‡bv Zuvi iPbvq Kíbv I eywׇK kvwYZ K‡i †Zv‡jb|
iii. mš@v‡bi cÖwZ wbôziZv Ggb iPbvq †jLK DcRxe¨ wn‡m‡e Zuvi gb I e¯‘RMZ‡K †e‡Q †bb|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Kíbvkw³ w`‡q wPš@v I eywׇK mvwnZ¨ K‡i †Zv‡jb|
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii 21. DÏxc‡Ki ÔfvemZ¨Õ wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K mg_©b K‡i?
5. ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í Kv‡`i †Wvevi av‡ii Avg MvQUvq MywU a‡i‡Q? E Dcb¨vm F †Qv‡UvMí
E cUwj‡`i F †Mvc‡`i G ivq‡`i H nwin‡ii  G cÖeÜ H bvUK
6. gywgb bvgvR c‡owb e‡j Zvi evev Zv‡K Lvevi †`qwb| gywg‡bi evevi 22. D³ mvwnZ¨ixwZi •ewkó¨Ñ
PwiÎ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kvi m‡½ m½wZc”Y©? E eyw× I ÁvbcÖavb F KvwnwbcÖavb
E cy‡ivwnZ F cw_K
 G PwiÎ I A¼cÖavb H Rxe‡bi LÊvs‡ki iƒcvqb
 G †gvjÐv H myjZvb gvngy`
7. Ô†mBw`b GB gvVÕ KweZvi g”jfve Kx? 23. ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ivbv‡ii `ytL †Kej †K Rvb‡e?
E AvKv‡ki Zviv F c‡_i ayjv
E gvbemf¨Zvi cwiYwZ F cÖK…wZi †m․›`h© bk^i
 G cÖK…wZi †m․›`h© wPi¯’vqx H gvb‡ei g„Zz¨‡PZbv  G c‡_i Z…Y H kni I MÖv‡gi †jv‡K

8. û`vqweqvi mw܇Z nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi Pwi‡Îi †Kvb w`KwUi cwiPq 24. ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq †jwLKv cvwK¯@vwb‡`i Rv‡bvqvi ej‡jbÑ
†g‡j? i. Zv‡`i wnsmª Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ii. Zuvi †Q‡j‡K nZ¨vi Rb¨
E ag©xq †PZbvi F ivR‣bwZK `”i`wk©Zvi iii. †`kevmxi Ici AZ¨vPv‡ii Rb¨
 G ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi H D`vi gvbwmKZvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
9. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq †KvbwU‡K AKj¨vY ejv n‡q‡Q? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
E ev`yo F KvbvKz‡qv G †RvbvwK H ûZzg 25. Ônidb-†gŠjvÕ Kx?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : E ivB‡dj PvjbvKvix F mKj Kv‡R ePmvKvix
Ô†MÖ‡bW D‡V‡Q nv‡Z .... KweZvi nv‡Z  G mKj Kv‡Ri KvwR H mKj KvR cÊKvix
ivB‡dj/Gevi ev‡Ni _vevÕ  DÏxcKwU co Ges wb‡Pi 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
10. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq? mv`gvb mv‡ne †kqvi evRv‡ii e¨emvq K‡qKevi ¶wZi m¤§yLxb nb|
E N„Yv F j¾v G cÖwZ‡iva H cÖwZ‡kva
welqwU cwiev‡ii Kv‡Q †Mvcb †i‡L e¨vsK FY wb‡q wZwb cybivq e¨vemv
11. DÏxc‡K dz‡U IVv fve wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©?
E gyw³‡hv×v‡`i kw³kvjx AvµgY
ïi‚i †Póv K‡iI e¨_© nb|
 F ¯^‡`‡ki Rb¨ AvÍZ¨vM
26. DÏxc‡Ki mv`gvb mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb PwiÎwU mv`„k¨c”Y©?
E nv‡kg Avwj F ewncxi
 G nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g nZ¨vKvÊ
 G nwKKzjÐvn H nv‡Zg Avwj
 H ¯^Rbnviv gyw³‡hv×vi AmnvqZ¡
12. ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í †Q‡jwUi evwoi mK‡j ggZvw`i cÖwZ Lywk n‡jb †Kb? 27. D³ Pwi‡Î cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
E Zvi k„¸Ljv †`‡L F Zvi cwikÖg †`‡L i. `vwqZ¡‡eva ii. gvbweKZv iii. ¯^v_©ciZv
 G Zvi •ah© †`‡L H Zvi e¨envi †`‡L wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
13. Kwe †ngP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq †KvbwU‡K RM‡Z `yj©f e‡j‡Qb? E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii

E mvabv‡K F gwngv‡K G m¤“`‡K H AvKv¸¶v‡K 28. Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü ÔwZwb †hB mZ¨ †Zvgv‡`i w`‡q †M‡jbÕÑ GLv‡b
14. Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü ÔwbP †_‡K †VjvÕ ej‡Z †evSvqÑ †Kvb mZ¨ w`‡q †M‡jb?
E †jv‡fi duv‡` cv bv †`Iqv F mywk¶vi e¨e¯’v Kiv E ¶gv cÖ`k©b F Bmjvg

 G myk¸„ Lj mgvRe¨e¯’v wbwðZ Kiv  G nvw`m H AvjÐvni my¯“ó evYx

 H gbyl¨Z¡ AR©‡bi c_ cÖk¯@ Kiv 29. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í wkKo Kx A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q?
15. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq e¨vKzj we‡`ªvnx †kÖvZv E c‡ivcKvi F mvsmvwiK eÜb 
ej‡Z Kv‡`i †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?  G `vwqZ¡kxjZv H Aw¯@Z¡
E Kwe‡`i F gyw³‡hv×v‡`i 30. ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ag©xq Kzms¯‹vi I mvgvwRK AwePv‡ii wei‚‡× cÖwZev‡`i
 G ivRbxwZwe`‡`i H mvaviY RbMY‡K cÖZxKx PwiÎ †KvbwU?
16. ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †K›`ªxq PwiÎ †KvbwU? E nv‡kg Avwj F ewncxi
E gwZDi F eyav G kvnveywÏb H Avnv` gywÝ  G nv‡Zg Avwj H nwKKzjÐvn

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  195

ewikvj †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj) welq †KvW 1 0 1
[2023 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c”Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi h_vh_ DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z
Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU I N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwUmn †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `”lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| Aviwk mvwnZ¨ AvÇvq cÖwZw`b bvbv welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv nq| iwKe m¨vi AvÇvq e‡jb †Kej wkky‡ `i co‡Z †kLv‡bvB h‡_ó bq| Zv‡`i
covi Dchy³ wKQy w`‡Z n‡e| Ggb wKQy hv Zv‡`i aviYvMy‡jv‡K cÖmvwiZ Ki‡e, Ggb GKwU wRwbm hv Zv‡`i Rxe‡b Abyfw‚ Z •Zwi Ki‡Z Ges
Zv‡`i Rxeb †_‡K c„_K nIqv gvbyl‡K GwM‡q †h‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡e| dvi‚K m¨vi e‡jb, kyay ZvB bq, wb‡Ri Aš@i AvÍv‡K weKwkZ Kivi
Rb¨ wbR AvMÖ‡n wk¶v jvf bv Ki‡j †KD Lye fv‡jvfv‡e wkw¶Z n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
K. h_v_© wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡j Kx `iKvi? 1
L. †jLK KvD‡K kL wn‡m‡e eB co‡Z civgk© w`‡Z Pvb bv †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki dvi‚K m¨v‡ii gš@‡e¨i m‡½ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU Kx? we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki iwKe m¨v‡ii gš@‡e¨i fvev_© †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki gvbm‡PZbvi cÖwZdjb|ÓÑ Dw³wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2| ivnx I winv `yB fvB †evb| mvivw`b wfwW‡qv †Mg Avi †dmeyK wb‡q e¨¯@| Zv‡`i gv AwZK‡ó msmvi mvgjvb| mvivw`b KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z gv
K¬vš@| Zvici Av‡Q Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i Lvevi •Zwii evqbv| evevi AvqI mxwgZ| wKš‘ winv ivnxi Zv‡Z wKQy Av‡m hvq bv| Avcb fyeb wb‡qB
Iiv e¨¯@| gv wei³ n‡jI fvB-†evb I‡`i g‡Zv|
K. Ô†iv‡mv †iv‡mv GKUzLvwb nuvc wR‡iv‡Z `vI|ÕÑDw³wU Kvi? 1
L. nwini iv‡qi evwoi Ae¯’v †Kgb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki winvi mv‡_ ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi mv`„k¨c”Y© Pwi‡Îi Zzjbv K‡iv| 3
N. †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎ؇qi Avcb f‚eb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi e³e¨‡K aviY K‡i wK?Ñ gZvgZ `vI| 4
3| `„k¨Kí-1 : ÔcuvR‡ii IwcV IwcV
wb¯@äZv †eq‡bU djv
R‡jv‛Qj †mªv‡Zi wa°vi
†fvi n‡e Kv‡K ev †`LvB
†h gyL cy‡o‡Q AwMœ`‡n|Õ
`„k¨Kí-2 : ÔAvgiv civRq gvbe bv
`ye©jZvq euvP‡Z kyay Rvb‡ev bv
Avgiv wPiw`bB nvwm gy‡L gi‡Z Rvwb
†Zvgvi fq †bB gv
Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb|Õ
K. PigcÎ Kx? 1
L. Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi `yw`b `yivZ wØav؇›Ø †K‡U‡Q †Kb? 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1G ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK-2Gi eY©bv I ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi wfbœZv _vK‡jI g”jmyi GK I AwfbœÑ Dw³wUi Zvrch© we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4| bxjv I Zwbgv GKB †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| `yR‡bi B‛Qv kÖgRxex gvbyl‡K wb‡q mvwnZ¨ iPbv Ki‡e| bxjv kÖgRxex gvby‡li Rxe‡bi wewfbœ As‡ki ¯§„wZ‡K k‡ãi wfZi
mvwR‡q ¯^cœgq K‡i aŸwbi S¼v‡i e¨³ K‡i| Zwbgv Kíbvkw³ I eyw×e„wˇK Kv‡R jvwM‡q Z_¨ I hyw³i mvnv‡h¨ Zv‡`i Rxebaviv e¨vL¨v K‡i|
K. gnvKve¨ Kx? 1
L. cvVKmgv‡R Dcb¨vmB me©vwaK eûj cwVZ I RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l© †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki bxjvi kÖgRxex gvby‡li RxebMuv_v e¨³ Kivi gva¨‡g Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Zwbgvi mvwnZ¨m„wói gva¨g Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi GKwU Myi‚Zc¡ ”Y© kvLv|Ó Dw³wUi m‡½ Zzwg wK
GKgZ? we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
5| `„k¨Kí-1 : AvRI AvkvivwL †`Lv n‡e evj¨eÜ‚i
mv‡_ Avevi Rg‡e AvÇv gbywgqvi Pv‡qi
†`vKv‡b, eÜy †Zviv †K †Kv_vq AvwQm?
Pj GK nB ex‡ii †e‡k GKZvi e‡j
wek¦ Kwi Rq|
`„k¨Kí-2 : ÔAvgvi †`‡ki gvwUi M‡Ü
f‡i Av‡Q GB gb
k¨vgj †Kvgj cik Qvov †h
†bB wKQy cÖ‡qvRb|Õ
K. eû †`‡k Kwe Kx †`‡L‡Qb? 1
L. ÔjB‡Q †h bvg Ze e‡½i msMx‡ZÕÑej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1Gi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 3
N. `„k¨Kí-2 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g”j †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q wK? Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
6| Òw`b †bB ivZ †bB
nvo fvOv cwikÖ‡gi †kl †bB
e„wó †nvK †iv` †nvK
KvR Kwi mviv¶Y
Z‡eB wg‡j gRywi
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  196

hvi d‡j `y-gy‡Vv Abœ †L‡Z cvwi|

G‡`‡n hZw`b Av‡Q cÖvY
ZZw`b K‡i hve Avwg m‡Z¨i RqMvb|Ó
K. ivbvi KvR wb‡q‡Q Kx‡mi? 1
L. ivbv‡ii Kv‡Q c„w_exUv‡K †Kb ÔKv‡jv †auvqvÕ g‡b nq? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †kl `ywU Pi‡Yi m‡½ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡ki fvev_© ÔivbviÕ KweZvi g”jfv‡ei ewntcÖKvkÓ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7| `„k¨Kí-1 : †mB evsjv‡`‡ki wQj mn‡mªi GKwU Kvwnwb
†Kviv‡b cyiv‡Y wk‡í, cvjv-cve©‡Yi Xv‡K‡Xv‡j
AvDj evDj bv‡P, c”Y¨v‡ni mvbvB iwÄZ
†ivÏy‡i AvKvkZ‡j †`‡Lv Kviv nv‡U hvq, gvwS
cvj †Zv‡j, ZuvwZ †ev‡b,
`„k¨Kí-2 : Zvici| Zvici b`xi †mªvZ e‡q Pj‡jv
KL‡bv ax‡i KL‡bv †Rv‡i| KL‡bv wgwó
gayi Q‡›`| me wg‡j nvRvi eQi a‡i Pj‡Q
evOvwji c_Pjv| wbiš@i G c_Pjv
GKB †PZbv †_‡K DrmvwiZ|
K. evOvwj RvwZi exRgš¿wU Kx? 1
L. ÔAvwg †Zv G‡mwQ cvjhyM bv‡g wPÎKjvi †_‡K|ÕÑ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1 ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. `„k¨Kí-2 evOvwj RvwZmË¡vi cÖengvbZv‡K mg_©b K‡i wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| eq‡m †Qv‡Uv nIqvq mvey‡K cÖ_‡g †KD gyw³hy‡× wb‡Z ivwR nqwb| wKš‘ mveyi GKK_v †m †`‡ki Rb¨ hy× Ki‡e| MÖv‡gi mevB Zv‡K †Q‡o P‡j
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GK `ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b Ask wb‡q cÂvk Rb cvK‡mbv‡K civ¯@ K‡i †`q| Zvic‡i KgvÛvi jwZdmn wd‡i hvq wbivc` `”i‡Z¡|
K. eyav KLb gyw³i Avb›` †eva K‡iwQj? 1
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M. DÏxc‡Ki mveyi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwU Zz‡j a‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki mvey Ges eyavi Awfhvb cwiPvjbv GKB †PZbv‡jvK †_‡K DrmvwiZÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv cÖwZcbœ K‡iv| 4
9| Ògvbyl I wkqv‡ji mw¤§wjZ K‡É
Kvbœvi †ivj c‡o hvq aŸwb‡Z
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L. gi‡Yi K_v g‡b Ki‡j hy× Kiv hvq bv †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi fveaviv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi †PZbviB ewntcÖKvk|Ó Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbi”cY K‡iv| 4
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Ifv‡e Pj‡Z †bB,
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K. gvbyl Kx w`‡q me wePvi K‡i? 1
L. Ôwc‡ii Qvqvq evm Kivi †m․fvM¨ KÕR‡bi nq|Õ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxcK-1Gi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxcK-2Gi fvev_© ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi gv‡S Luy‡R cvIqv hvq|ÓÑ Dˇii mc‡¶ †Zvgvi hyw³ `vI| 4
11| Awfi nv‡Z wWGmjvi K¨v‡giv, gv_vq K¨vc c‡i iwng Avjxi Kv‡Q hvq| ÔI iwng wgqv, †g‡q‡K we‡q w`‡‛Qv, †g‡qi eqm KZ e‡jv|Õ Avcbviv Kviv?
ÔAvgiv wgwWqvi †jvK, me †iKW© K‡i Le‡i †`Lv‡ev, cywjk‡K me †`e|Õ Kwigb e‡j I‡V, ÔAvwg we‡q Kie bv| Avcbviv Avgv‡K euvPvb|Õ iwng e‡j, Ôevev
Avwg Mwie gvbyl| Avwg bv ey‡S G KvR KiwQjvg| GLb eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ|Õ Kwig‡bi Amg we‡q †f‡O hvq| Awfiv P‡j hvq|
K. G N‡i †Ruv‡Ki g‡Zv †j‡M Av‡Q †K? 1
L. ÒZvnviv Zvnv‡`i bZzb Rxe‡bi c‡_ hvB‡Z‡Q|Ó Ñewncxi GK_v †Kb e‡j‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kwigb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi·K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
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K. h_v_© wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡j Kx `iKvi? 1
L. †jLK KvD‡K kL wn‡m‡e eB co‡Z civgk© w`‡Z Pvb bv †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki dvi‚K m¨v‡ii gš@‡e¨i m‡½ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU Kx? we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki iwKe m¨v‡ii gš@‡e¨i fvev_© †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki gvbm‡PZbvi cÖwZdjb|ÓÑ Dw³wU we‡kÐlY
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1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h h_v_© wkw¶Z n‡Z n‡j g‡bi cÖmviZv `iKvi|
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k ÒDÏxc‡Ki iwKe m¨v‡ii gš@‡e¨i fvev_© †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki gvbm‡PZbvi cÖwZdjb|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü eB covi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| †gav I gbbkxjZvi weKvk mva‡bi Rb¨ eB co‡Z n‡e| eB covi gva¨‡g
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eB‡qi g‡a¨ Amxg Áv‡bi mvMi jywK‡q Av‡Q| Ávb mvM‡i mvZvi †`Iqvi gva¨‡gB gbyl¨‡Z¡i myôz weKvk NUv‡Z n‡e|
DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, Aviwk mvwnZ¨ AvÇvq cÖwZw`b AvÇv R‡g| †mLv‡b eB covi wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv
nq| iwKe m¨vi AvÇvq e‡jb, †Kej wkï‡`i co‡Z †kLv‡bvB h‡_ó bq| Zv‡`i covi Dchy³ wKQz w`‡Z n‡e| Ggb wKQz hv Zv‡`i
aviYvMy‡jv‡K cÖmvwiZ Ki‡e| GgbwK Zv‡`i Rxe‡b †mMy‡jv Abyf‚wZ •Zwi Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| A_©vr †gav weKv‡ki Rb¨ iwKe m¨vi
Dchy³ eB covi gZvgZ w`‡q‡Qb| eB cov e¨ZxZ wk¶v_x©‡`i myôz weKvk mvab m¤¢e bq| m„wókxj wPš@vaviv g‡bi g‡a¨ M‡o †Zvjvi
Rb¨B eB cov Avek¨K|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  198

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki iwKe m¨v‡ii gš@‡e¨i fvev_© †hb ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki gvbm‡PZbviB
cÖwZdjb gvÎ| KviY DÏxc‡Ki iwKe m¨vi eB covi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ü`q w`‡q Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ wZwb eB covi wel‡q BwZevPK
gš@e¨ K‡i‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki iwKe m¨v‡ii b¨vq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜKI eB covi Zvrch© eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Dfq ¯’v‡bB GKB my‡ii
aŸwb †e‡R D‡V‡Q| `yR‡bi wPš@v-†PZbv GK I Awfbœ wn‡m‡eB cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki iwKe m¨v‡ii Kg©Kv‡Ê †hb Av‡jvP¨
cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki gvbm‡PZbviB cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| myZivs Dw³wU h_v_© e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki iwKe m¨v‡ii gš@‡e¨i fvev_©wU ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki gvbm‡PZbviB cÖwZdjb NwU‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  02 ivnx I winv `yB fvB †evb| mvivw`b wfwW‡qv †Mg Avi †dmeyK wb‡q e¨¯@| Zv‡`i gv AwZK‡ó msmvi mvgjvb| mvivw`b
KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡Z gv K¬vš@| Zvici Av‡Q Zv‡`i cQ‡›`i Lvevi •Zwii evqbv| evevi AvqI mxwgZ| wKš‘ winv ivnxi Zv‡Z wKQy Av‡m
hvq bv| Avcb fyeb wb‡qB Iiv e¨¯@| gv wei³ n‡jI fvB-†evb I‡`i g‡Zv|
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L. nwini iv‡qi evwoi Ae¯’v †Kgb? 2
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N. †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎ؇qi Avcb f‚eb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡íi e³e¨‡K aviY K‡i wK?Ñ gZvgZ `vI| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Ô†iv‡mv †iv‡mv GKUzLvwb nuvc wR‡iv‡Z `vIÕÑ Dw³wU me©Rqvi|
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Dˇii g”jK_v : †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI DÏxc‡Ki PwiÎ؇qi Avcb fzeb ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucÕy M‡íi e³e¨‡KB aviY K‡i|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  199

cÖkœ  03 `„k¨Kí-1 : ÔcuvR‡ii IwcV IwcV

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L. Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi `yw`b `yivZ wØav؇›Ø †K‡U‡Q †Kb? 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1G ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK-2Gi eY©bv I ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi wfbœZv _vK‡jI g”jmyi GK I AwfbœÑ Dw³wUi Zvrch© we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h PigcÎ n‡jv g„Zz¨i c”e©mg‡q wjwLZ Dc‡`k, †klev‡ii g‡Zv mZK© K‡i †`Iqvi Rb¨ †cÖwiZ cÎ|
i mš@v‡bi Rxeb evuPv‡bvi Rb¨ AZ¨vPvix miKv‡ii Kv‡Q cÖvYwf¶v †P‡q gvwm© wcwUkb Kiv bv Kiv wb‡q †jwLKv wØav؇›Ø fyMwQ‡jb|
†jwLKv Rvnvbviv Bgv‡gi e‡ov †Q‡j gyw³‡hv×v iygx cvwK¯@vwb †mbvevwnbxi Kv‡Q aiv c‡o| iygxi cÖvY evuPv‡bvi GKgvÎ Dcvq wQj cÖvYwf¶v
†P‡q miKv‡ii Kv‡Q gvwm© wcwUkb Kiv| wKš‘ †h mvgwiK Rvš@vi weiy‡× iygx gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡q‡Q †mB miKv‡ii Kv‡Q gvwm© wcwUkb Kiv
gv‡b iygxi Av`k©‡K Acgvb Kiv| GKw`‡K †Q‡ji Rxeb Ab¨w`‡K Zvi Av`k© ÑG `y‡qi wØav؇›Ø †jwLKvi `yÕw`b `yÕivZ †K‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gvwm© wcwUkb Kiv bv Kivi wm×vš@ MÖnY wb‡q †jwLKvi `yÕw`b, `yÕivZ wØav؇›Ø †K‡U‡Q|

j `„k¨Kí-1G ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g AZ¨vPvi I b„ksmZvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq †jwLKv w`bwjwc AvKv‡i AZxZ ¯§„wZPviY K‡i‡Qb| GB w`bwjwci g‡a¨ evOvwj‡`i Ici cvKnvbv`vi
evwnbxi wbg©g nZ¨vKvÊ I b„ksmZv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ZrKvjxb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi njMy‡jv‡Z bviKxq nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq cvK evwnbxi
m`m¨iv| Zviv mviv †`kRy‡oB e¨vcK nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| Zv‡`i G AZwK©Z nvgjvq me©cÖ_g XvKvi bMiRxeb wek„¸Lj n‡q c‡o| hy×
ïi‚i wKQzw`b c‡iB Av‡kcv‡ki b`x‡Z gvby‡li jvk †f‡m hvq| wbixn gvby‡li evwoNi AvMyb w`‡q R¡vwj‡q †`Iqv nq| evsjvi mvaviY
gvby‡li Ici cvKnvbv`vi evwnbx AgvbweK wbh©vZb Pvjvq|
DÏxc‡KI cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©gZvi cÖwZdjb j¶ Kiv hvq| `„k¨Kí-1G ejv n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i AZ¨vPv‡i cuvR‡ii GwcV IwcV †f‡O
†M‡Q| †eq‡bU djvi AvNv‡Z kixi ¶Z-we¶Z n‡q‡Q| cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi b„ksmZvi K_v `„k¨Kí-1G D‡V G‡m‡Q| †hgbwU
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi g‡a¨I j¶ Kiv hvq| D³ iPbvq cvwK¯@vwb‡`i bviKxq nZ¨vKv‡Êi weeiY dz‡U D‡V‡Q| cvwK¯@vwb
†mbvevwnbx evOvwj‡`i Ici AZwK©Z AvµgY Pvjvq| evsjvi gvbyl‡K ¯^vaxbZvi c_ †_‡K wePz¨Z Kivi Rb¨B Giƒc nZ¨vKvÊ Pvjvq| ZvB
Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi `„k¨Kí-1G ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g AZ¨vPvi I b„ksm nZ¨vKv‡Êi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `„k¨Kí-1G ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g AZ¨vPvi I b„ksmZvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxcK-2Gi eY©bv ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi wfbœZv _vK‡jI g”jmyi GK I Awfbœ|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi g‡a¨ 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i NUbvewj ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †jwLKv Rvnvbviv Bgvg Zvi †jLwb‡Z cvKnvbv`vi
evwnbxi b„ksm Kg©KvÊ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| evsjvi gvbyl cvwK¯@vwb kvmK‡Mvôxi AZ¨vPv‡i AwZô n‡q D‡VwQj| Zviv ¯^vaxbZvi cÖZ¨vkv
Kvgbv K‡iwQj| evOvwj RvwZ‡K civaxbZvi wkK‡j AvU‡K ivLvi Rb¨ nvbv`vi evwnbx AZwK©Z nvgjv Pvjvq| Zviv MYnZ¨v cwiPvjbv
K‡i| b`x‡Z AmsL¨ gvby‡li jvk †f‡m hvq| ZeyI evOvwj RvwZ f‡q fxZ-mš¿¯@ nqwb| eis `ye©vi MwZ‡Z cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi
†gvKvwejv K‡i‡Q| Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K, wkíx, K…lK-kÖwgK GK K_vq me †kÖwY‡ckvi gvbyl gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡q‡Q|
DÏxcK-2G ejv n‡q‡Q, Avgiv civRq gvbe bv| `ye©j n‡q Avgiv euvPe bv| Avgiv wPiw`bB nvwmgy‡L giY‡K eiY K‡i †be| ZvB
†Zvgvi †Kv‡bv fq †bB gv| KviY Avgiv cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Rvwb| exi evOvwj Zvi cÖwZev` Rvwb‡qwQj| cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi wei‚‡× A¯¿
wb‡q hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡owQj| wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K Zz‛QÁvb K‡i Zviv cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi wei‚‡× jovB K‡iwQj| evOvwj ex‡ii RvwZ|
Zviv civRq eiY Ki‡Z Rv‡b bv| †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Zviv Rxeb w`‡Z m`v cÖ¯‘Z|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  200

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxcK-2 I ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvq †cÖ¶vcUMZ wKQz wfbœZv i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Dfq iPbvi
D‡Ïk¨ GK I Awfbœ| cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©gZvi wei‚‡× evOvwj RvwZi cÖwZev`x †PZbv DÏxcK-2G dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †`‡ki gvby‡li
gyw³i Rb¨ evOvwj RvwZ gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡qwQj| KviY Zviv fxi‚i g‡Zv `ye©jZv‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i euvP‡Z PvBwb| Zviv ex‡ii †e‡k
¯^vaxbfv‡e euvPvi g‡ZvB euvP‡Z †P‡q‡Q| GRb¨ cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi wei‚‡× A¯¿ aviY K‡i‡Q| ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi g‡a¨I
GgbwU fveaviv cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB mvwe©K w`K wePvi-we‡kÐlYc”e©K ejv hvq, DÏxcK-2Gi eY©bv I ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi
wfbœZv _vK‡jI g”jmyi GK I Awfbœ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK-2Gi eY©bv ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ iPbvi wfbœZv _vK‡jI g”jmyi GK I Awfbœ e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
cÖkœ  04 bxjv I Zwbgv GKB †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| `yR‡bi B‛Qv kÖgRxex gvbyl‡K wb‡q mvwnZ¨ iPbv Ki‡e| bxjv kÖgRxex gvby‡li Rxe‡bi
wewfbœ As‡ki ¯§„wZ‡K k‡ãi wfZi mvwR‡q ¯^cœgq K‡i aŸwbi S¼v‡i e¨³ K‡i| Zwbgv Kíbvkw³ I eyw×e„wˇK Kv‡R jvwM‡q Z_¨ I
hyw³i mvnv‡h¨ Zv‡`i Rxebaviv e¨vL¨v K‡i|
K. gnvKve¨ Kx? 1
L. cvVKmgv‡R Dcb¨vmB me©vwaK eûj cwVZ I RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l© †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki bxjvi kÖgRxex gvby‡li RxebMuv_v e¨³ Kivi gva¨‡g Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Zwbgvi mvwnZ¨m„wói gva¨g Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi GKwU Myi‚Z¡c”Y© kvLv|Ó Dw³wUi m‡½ Zzwg
wK GKgZ? we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h gnvKve¨ n‡jv AwZkq `xN© Kvwnwb KweZv|
i Dcb¨v‡m mgvR, †`k I RvwZi cÖwZ‛Qwei cÖwZdjb N‡U e‡j GwU cvVKmgv‡R RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l©|
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i kvLv-cÖkvLvi g‡a¨ Dcb¨vm Ab¨Zg| Dcb¨vm Rxe‡bi GK mymse× wkwíZ iƒc| G‡Z mgvR, gvby‡li Rxeb ev¯@eZvi
mvgwMÖK iƒc dz‡U I‡V, hv ev¯@e A_P Kíbvi gvqvexe‡Y© iwÄZ, hv Kíbv ev gvqv n‡qI GK msnZ I mymsMwVZ mZ¨ e‡j Dcb¨vm
cvVKmgv‡R RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Dcb¨v‡m mgvR, †`k I RvwZi cÖwZ‛Qwei cÖwZdjb N‡U e‡j GwU cvVKmgv‡R RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l©|

j DÏxc‡Ki bxjvi kÖgRxex gvby‡li RxebMuv_v e¨³ Kivi gva¨‡g Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi KweZv kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi g‡a¨ mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ kvLv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨Zg GKwU kvLv n‡jv KweZv|
mvaviYZ Q›`e× fvlvq ev c‡`¨ hv wjwLZ nq Zv‡KB KweZv ejv nq| KweZvi g‡a¨ Q›`wgj _v‡K| cÖwZwU Pi‡Yi †k‡l _v‡K
Aš@wgj| e³vi fv‡ev‛Q¡vm I g‡bvfve Q›`e× fvlvq cÖKvwkZ n‡jB Zv‡K KweZv bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| KweZv cÖavbZ `yB ai‡bi
n‡q _v‡K| GKwU n‡jv MxwZKweZv Avi Ab¨wU gnvKve¨| fve cÖKv‡ki `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mvwn‡Z¨i me‡P‡q kw³kvjx gva¨g n‡jv KweZv|
DÏxc‡Ki bxjv I Zwbgv GKB †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| `yR‡bi B‛Qv kÖgRxex gvby‡li `ytL-K‡ói K_v wb‡R‡`i †jLwb‡Z Zz‡j ai‡e| Z‡e
`yR‡bi wPš@vaviv wfbœ| bxjv kÖgRxex gvby‡li Rxe‡bi wewfbœ As‡ki ¯§„wZ‡K k‡ãi wfZi mvwR‡q ¯^cœgq K‡i aŸwbi S¼v‡i e¨³ K‡i|
A_©vr KweZvi gva¨‡g bxjv Zvi g‡bvfve cÖKvk K‡i| bxjv mvwn‡Z¨i KweZv kvLvq wb‡R‡K g‡bvwb‡ek K‡i‡Q| bxjvi †jLwbwU KweZv
kvLv‡KB Bw½Z K‡i| Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi KweZvi •ewkó¨vewj bxjvi †jLwb‡ZI dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki
kÖgRxex gvby‡li RxebMuv_v e¨³ Kivi gva¨‡g Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi KweZv kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki bxjvi kÖgRxex gvby‡li RxebMuv_v e¨³ Kivi gva¨‡g Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi KweZv kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|

k ÒDÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Zwbgvi mvwnZ¨ m„wói gva¨g Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi GKwU Myi‚Z¡c”Y© kvLv|ÓÑDw³wUi m‡½ Avwg
GKgZ|
Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi GKwU Myi‚Z¡c ”Y© kvLv n‡jv cÖeÜ| mvaviYZ Kíbvkw³ I eyw×e„wˇK AvkÖq K‡i †jLK †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘
m¤“‡K© †h AvÍm‡PZb bvwZ`xN© mvwnZ¨-iƒc m„wó K‡ib Zv‡KB cÖeÜ ejv nq| cÖe‡Üi fvlv mnR-mij I cÖvÄj n‡j cvVK gn‡j e¨vcK
Av‡jvob m„wó nq| cÖeÜ M`¨ fvlvq iwPZ nq| cÖeÜ bvwZ`xN© nIqv Avek¨K| hyw³ I gbbkxjZvi cÖ‡qv‡M m„Rbkxj †g․wjK wkíKg©mg”n
gvby‡li †evaMg¨ K‡i †Zvjvi gva¨‡gB cÖe‡Üi mv_©KZv wbwnZ| cÖe‡Üi g‡a¨ cÖvew܇Ki m„wókxj wPš@vavivi ewntcÖKvk N‡U|
DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K `„wó w`‡j †`Lv hvq, bxjv I Zwbgv GKB †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| Zviv `yR‡bB kÖgRxex gvby‡li RxebwPÎ wb‡q mvwnZ¨ iPbv
Ki‡Z Pvq| bxjv KweZvi gva¨‡g kÖgRxex gvby‡li K_v Zz‡j a‡i| wKš‘ Zwbgv cÖe‡Üi gva¨‡g kÖgRxex gvby‡li `ytL-K‡ói weeiY
†ck K‡i| Zwbgv mvwnZ¨PP©vi Rb¨ mvwn‡Z¨i cÖeÜ kvLv‡K †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q| †m Kíbvkw³ I eyw×e„wˇK Kv‡R jvwM‡q Z_¨ I hyw³i
mvnv‡h¨ kÖgRxex gvby‡li Rxebaviv e¨vL¨v K‡i| hv mvwn‡Z¨i cÖeÜ kvLv‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  201

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Zwbgvi mvwnZ¨ m„wói gva¨g Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi GKwU Myi‚Z¡c”Y© kvLv| KviY
cÖe‡Üi gva¨‡g gbbkxj wPš@vavivi weKvk N‡U| cÖe‡Üi g‡a¨ AvÍm‡PZb bvwZ`xN© eY©bvq e³e¨‡K dzwU‡q †Zvjv nq| cÖeÜ cv‡V
cvVK A‡bK ARvbv wel‡qi Ávb jvf K‡i _v‡K| mnR-mij I cÖvÄj fvlvq M`¨vKv‡i g‡bvfve cÖKvk Ki‡Z cÖe‡Üi †Kv‡bv weKí
†bB| mvwn‡Z¨i hZMy‡jv kvLv i‡q‡Q Zš§‡a¨ cÖeÜ me‡P‡q hyw³wbô I Mfxi Ávb wbf©i iPbv| cÖeÜ mvwn‡Z¨ †h Avb›` I im _v‡K, Zv
D‡Ïk¨wbf©i Ges cvV‡Ki g‡b Mfxi wPš@vi D‡`ªK K‡i _v‡K| ZvB Avwg g‡b Kwi Zwbgvi mvwnZ¨ m„wói gva¨g A_©vr cÖeÜ Ômvwn‡Z¨i
iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi GKwU Myi‚Z¡c”Y© kvLv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ Zwbgvi mvwnZ¨ m„wói gva¨g Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi GKwU Myi‚Z¡c”Y© kvLvi Aš@fy©³|
cÖkœ  05 `„k¨Kí-1 : AvRI AvkvivwL †`Lv n‡e evj¨eÜ‚i
mv‡_ Avevi Rg‡e AvÇv gbywgqvi Pv‡qi
†`vKv‡b, eÜy †Zviv †K †Kv_vq AvwQm?
Pj GK nB ex‡ii †e‡k GKZvi e‡j
wek¦ Kwi Rq|
`„k¨Kí-2 : ÔAvgvi †`‡ki gvwUi M‡Ü
f‡i Av‡Q GB gb
k¨vgj †Kvgj cik Qvov †h
†bB wKQy cÖ‡qvRb|Õ
K. eû †`‡k Kwe Kx †`‡L‡Qb? 1
L. ÔjB‡Q †h bvg Ze e‡½i msMx‡ZÕÑej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1Gi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 3
N. `„k¨Kí-2 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g”j †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q wK? Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h eû †`‡k Kwe A‡bK b`-b`x †`‡L‡Qb|
i Kwe cÖevm Rxe‡b Zuvi KweZv, Mv‡b •kke ¯§„wZweRwoZ b`xi MyYMvb †M‡q‡Qb|
K‡cvZv¶ b` Kwe ü`‡qi meUyKy ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q| GRb¨ `”i cÖev‡m e‡mI wZwb K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K fyj‡Z cv‡ibwb| ZvB cÖevm Rxe‡b
Zuvi Mvb I KweZvq •kke ¯§„wZweRwoZ b`xi bvg wb‡q‡Qb| Avi GK_v †evSv‡Z Kwe e‡j‡Qb, ÔjB‡Q †h Ze bvg e‡½i msMx‡ZÕ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : cÖevm Rxe‡b Kwe Zuvi Mvb I KweZvq •kk‡ei ¯§„wZweRwoZ K‡cvZv¶ b‡`i e›`bv K‡i‡Qb|
j `„k¨Kí-1Gi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi ¯§„wZKvZiZvi gva¨‡g AZz¨¾¡j †`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwe gvB‡Kj gaym”`b `‡Ëi ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avov‡j †`k‡cÖg cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Kwe Bs‡iwR fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i
cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡q wbR †`k Z¨vM K‡i we‡`‡k cvwo Rgvb| d«v‡Ýi fvm©vB bMix‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i mvwnZ¨PP©v Avi¤¢ K‡ib| wKš‘
mvd‡j¨i Pig wkL‡i †cu․Qv‡Z e¨_© nb| d‡j Zvi g‡b ¯^‡`‡ki cÖwZ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv †R‡M I‡V| ¯^‡`‡ki ¯§„wZMy‡jv Zvi gvbmc‡U
†f‡m I‡V| Kwe †Qv‡Uv‡ejvq K‡cvZv¶ b‡` øvb K‡i‡Qb| K‡cvZv‡¶i AmsL¨ ¯§„wZ Kwei g‡b c‡o hvq| we‡`‡k †_‡KI †hb wZwb
K‡cvZv‡¶i KjKj aŸwb ïb‡Z cvb| Kwei Gme ¯§„wZi Aš@iv‡j g”jZ ¯^‡`k‡cÖg dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki KweI ¯§„wZPviY K‡i‡Qb| Kwe AvRI Avkv iv‡Lb Zvi evj¨eÜyi mv‡_ †`Lv n‡e| eÜyi mv‡_ Avevi AvÇv Rg‡e gbywgqvi
Pv‡qi †`vKv‡b| GRb¨ Kwe AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h, eÜy †Zviv †K †Kv_vq AvwQm? mevB Qz‡U Avq| Kwe Zvi eÜy‡`i m½ Kvgbv
K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i mv‡_ GKÎ n‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Zvi K_vq eÜy‡`i AZxZ ¯§„wZi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| GQvovI GKZve× n‡q ex‡ii †e‡k
wek¦ Rq Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| hv g”jZ ¯^‡`k †cÖ‡giB ewntcÖKvk| ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvqI Kwei ¯§„wZKvZiZvi gva¨‡g AZz¨¾¡j
†`k‡cÖg cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| DÏxcK I Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi Dfq ¯’v‡bB ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Avei‡Y †`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwU j¶ Kiv hvq| ZvB ejv
hvq, `„k¨Kí-1Gi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv ¯§„wZKvZiZvi Aš@iv‡j AZz¨¾¡j †`k‡cÖg|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `„k¨Kí-1Gi fv‡ei mv‡_ ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi ¯§„wZKvZiZvi gva¨‡g AZz¨¾¡j †`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
k `„k¨Kí-2 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g”j †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvq Kwei Mfxi ¯^‡`k‡cÖg cÖùzwUZ n‡q‡Q| Kwe GKRb †`k‡cÖwgK| †`‡ki fv‡jvevmv Zv‡K evsjv mvwnZ¨PP©vq
AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q| Kwe cÖ_g Rxe‡b Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡q c‡ob| wKš‘ cieZx©Kv‡j hLb wb‡Ri fzj eyS‡Z cv‡ib ZLb
†`‡ki Rb¨ Zvi Aš@i nvnvKvi K‡i I‡V| wZwb Rš§f‚wg‡Z †d‡j Avmv AZxZ ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| AZxZ ¯§„wZPvi‡Yi gva¨‡g
Kwei ¯^‡`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwU cÖKU AvKv‡i dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Kwe †h GKRb LuvwU †`k‡cÖwgK Zv Zuvi KweZvq j¶ Kiv hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k `„wó w`‡j †`Lv hvq, Kwei gb †`‡ki gvwUi M‡Ü we‡gvwnZ n‡q‡Q| Kwe †`‡ki gvwU‡Z k¨vgj †Kvgj cik
†c‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ Zuvi Avi wKQzi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| A_©vr DÏxc‡Ki Kwei †`‡ki gvwUi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmv i‡q‡Q| gvwUi M‡Ü Zvi
gbUv f‡i †M‡Q| GRb¨ †`‡ki gvwU Qvov Avi wKQz cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib bv| †`‡ki gvwU Zvi wbKU ¯^M© mgZyj¨| KweZvs‡ki fve Abyhvqx ejv
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  202

hvq, Kwei g‡b †`k‡cÖ‡gi Mfxi †PZbv‡eva RvMÖZ n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ wZwb †`k‡cÖ‡gi ewntcÖKvk NwU‡q‡Qb D³ KweZvs‡k| GKRb
†`k‡cÖwg‡Ki Kv‡Q †`‡ki gvwU gvZ…mgZzj¨| gv‡qi g‡ZvB †`‡ki gvwU Zvi wbKU AwZ wcÖq| †`‡ki gvwUi cÖwZ fv‡jv jvMvi Abyf‚wZ
†`k‡cÖ‡giB bvgvš@i gvÎ|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, `„k¨Kí-2 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g”j †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q| KviY `„k¨Kí-2G †`‡ki cÖwZ
Mfxi fv‡jvevmv cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Kwe †`‡ki gvwUi cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmvq D™¢vwmZ n‡q‡Qb| Kwei gbcÖvY Ry‡o †`‡ki
gvwUi MÜ wg‡k Av‡Q| †`‡ki gvwUi k¨vgj †Kvgj cik Qvov Avi wKQz cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib bv| Aciw`‡K ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvqI Kwei
†`k‡cÖg †R‡M D‡V‡Q| AZxZ ¯§„wZPvi‡Yi gva¨‡g g”jZ Kwei †`‡ki cÖwZ Mfxi fv‡jvevmvi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q| `„k¨Kí-2 I ÔK‡cvZv¶
b`Õ KweZvi Dfq ¯’v‡bB †`k‡cÖ‡gi w`KwU j¶ Kiv hvq| ZvB Avwg g‡b Kwi, `„k¨Kí-2 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g”j †PZbv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `„k¨Kí-2 ÔK‡cvZv¶ b`Õ KweZvi g”j †PZbv‡KB aviY K‡i‡Q |
cÖkœ  06 Òw`b †bB ivZ †bB
nvo fvOv cwikÖ‡gi †kl †bB
e„wó †nvK †iv` †nvK
KvR Kwi mviv¶Y
Z‡eB wg‡j gRywi
hvi d‡j `y-gy‡Vv Abœ †L‡Z cvwi|
G‡`‡n hZw`b Av‡Q cÖvY
ZZw`b K‡i hve Avwg m‡Z¨i RqMvb|Ó
K. ivbvi KvR wb‡q‡Q Kx‡mi? 1
L. ivbv‡ii Kv‡Q c„w_exUv‡K †Kb ÔKv‡jv †auvqvÕ g‡b nq? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †kl `ywU Pi‡Yi m‡½ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU Kx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡ki fvev_© ÔivbviÕ KweZvi g”jfv‡ei ewntcÖKvkÓ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ivbvi bZzb Lei Avbvi KvR wb‡q‡Q|
i N‡i Afve _vKvq ivbv‡ii Kv‡Q c„w_exUv ÔKv‡jv †avuqvÕ g‡b nq|
ivbvi gvby‡li nvwm-Kvbœv, myL-`ytL, Avb›`-†e`bvi msev` wc‡V enb K‡i P‡j| A_P Zvi Rxe‡b `yt‡Li Aš@ †bB| Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y †m
cwiev‡ii Pvwn`v c”iY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB Zvi Kv‡Q c„w_exUv Kv‡jv †avuqvi g‡Zv g‡b nq| †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv Avkvi Av‡jv †bB| †Kewj
nZvkvi Nb †gN †X‡K _v‡K|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y ivbv‡ii Kv‡Q c„w_exUv‡K ÔKv‡jv †auvqvÕ g‡b nq|
j DÏxc‡Ki †kl `ywU Pi‡Yi m‡½ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv fxi‚Zv wcQ‡b †d‡j Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Kiv|
ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kwe myKvš@ fÆvPvh© ivbv‡ii `ytmvnwmK Kg©KvÊ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| ivbvi AZ¨š@ mvnmx| †m AKz‡Zvfq Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix|
`yM©g c‡_ †m GKvKx Mfxi iv‡Z PjvPj K‡i| Zvi g‡b we›`ygvÎ g„Zz¨i fq †bB| `my¨i f‡q †m fxZ bq| †m `ye©vi MwZ‡Z Le‡ii †evSv
Kuv‡a wb‡q Qz‡U P‡j| ivbvi Zvi Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡i| `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Zvi †Kv‡bv Ae‡njv †bB| `my¨i f‡qi †P‡q †m m”h©
IVv‡K †ewk fq K‡i| KviY m”h© IVvi Av‡MB Zv‡K Mš@‡e¨ †cu․Qv‡Z n‡e| ivbv‡ii G Kg©KvÊ †_‡K Zvi GKwbô kÖg I Awc©Z
`vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ h_vh_fv‡e cvj‡bi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki †kl `ywU Pi‡Y ejv n‡q‡Q, G‡`‡n hZw`b cÖvY Av‡Q ZZw`b m‡Z¨i Mvb †M‡q hve| A_©vr DÏxc‡Ki Kwe AvgiY m‡Z¨i c‡_
AwawôZ _vK‡eb| †Kv‡bv Ab¨vq-AcK‡g© wb‡R‡K Rov‡eb bv| DÏxc‡Ki G fvev‡_©i m‡½ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii Kg©Kv‡Êi wgj
cvIqv hvq| ivbv‡ii †`‡n hZ¶Y cÖvY Av‡Q ZZ¶Y Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡e| `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †¶‡Î †Kv‡bv wKQzi f‡q ivbvi fxZ n‡e
bv| ivbvi Zvi `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ h_vh_fv‡eB cvjb Ki‡e| Avi G w`KwU ÔivbviÕ KweZvi ivbv‡ii m‡½ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †kl `ywU Pi‡Yi m‡½ ÔivbviÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv fxi‚Zv wcQ‡b †d‡j Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ h_vh_fv‡e cvjb Kiv|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡ki fvev_© ÔivbviÕ KweZvi g”jfv‡ei ewntcÖKvk|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔivbviÕ KweZvq Kwe myKvš@ fÆvPvh© ivbv‡ii RxebwPÎ A¼b K‡i‡Qb| ivbvi AZ¨š@ cwikÖgx gvbyl| †m AK¬vš@ cwikÖg K‡i| wKš‘
wewbg‡q AwZ mvgvb¨ †eZb cvb| hv w`‡q †Kv‡bv iK‡g Zvi msmvi P‡j| ivbv‡ii ZvB wekÖvg †bIqvi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB| KviY †m
`vwqZ¡cvjb bv Ki‡j †eZb _‡K ewÂZ n‡e| cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i gy‡L `y-gy‡Vv Abœ Zz‡j †`Iqvi Rb¨B ivbvi `ye©vi MwZ‡Z Qz‡U P‡j|
DÏxc‡K K‡Vvi cwikÖ‡gi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q mviv w`b nvofvOv cwikÖg Kwi| †iv` †nvK e„wó †nvK †Kv‡bv
cÖwZK‚j cwiw¯’wZ‡ZB KvR †_‡g _v‡K bv| KviY mviv¶Y KvR Kivi wewbg‡q gRywi wg‡j| hvi d‡j `y-gy‡Vv Abœ †Rv‡U| KvR bv
Ki‡j Abvnv‡i _vK‡Z n‡e| `vwi`ª¨Zvi Ke‡j c‡o mvivw`b ïay KvR wb‡qB e¨¯@ _vK‡Z nq|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  203

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k K‡Vvi cwikÖg I `vwi`ª¨Zvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| `y-gy‡Vv A‡bœi Rb¨
nvofvOv cwikÖ‡gi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| ÔivbviÕ KweZvq ivbvi Pig `vwi`ª¨Zvi wkKvi| Zv‡KI `y-gy‡Vv A‡bœi Rb¨ mviv¶Y wPwVi †evSv
wb‡q Mš@e¨cv‡b Qz‡U Pj‡Z nq| DÏxc‡Ki b¨vq ivbvi AwZ Aí †eZ‡b K‡Vvi cwikÖg K‡i| †cÖ¶vcUMZ wfbœZv _vK‡jI K‡Vvi cwikÖg
I `vwi`ª¨Zvi w`K w`‡q ÔivbviÕ KweZvi g”jfv‡ei ewntcÖKvk DÏxc‡K j¶ Kiv hvq| ZvB ejv hvq gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡ki fvev_© ÔivbviÕ KweZvi g”jfv‡ei ewntcÖKvk gvÎ|
cÖkœ  07 `„k¨Kí-1 : †mB evsjv‡`‡ki wQj mn‡mªi GKwU Kvwnwb
†Kviv‡b cyiv‡Y wk‡í, cvjv-cve©‡Yi Xv‡K‡Xv‡j
AvDj evDj bv‡P, c”Y¨v‡ni mvbvB iwÄZ
†ivÏy‡i AvKvkZ‡j †`‡Lv Kviv nv‡U hvq, gvwS
cvj †Zv‡j, ZuvwZ †ev‡b,
`„k¨Kí-2 : Zvici| Zvici b`xi †mªvZ e‡q Pj‡jv
KL‡bv ax‡i KL‡bv †Rv‡i| KL‡bv wgwó
gayi Q‡›`| me wg‡j nvRvi eQi a‡i Pj‡Q
evOvwji c_Pjv| wbiš@i G c_Pjv
GKB †PZbv †_‡K DrmvwiZ|
K. evOvwj RvwZi exRgš¿wU Kx? 1
L. ÔAvwg †Zv G‡mwQ cvjhyM bv‡g wPÎKjvi †_‡K|ÕÑ ej‡Z Kwe Kx eywS‡q‡Qb? 2
M. `„k¨Kí-1 ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. `„k¨Kí-2 evOvwj RvwZmË¡vi cÖengvbZv‡K mg_©b K‡i wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h evOvwj RvwZi exRgš¿wU n‡jv Amv¤“ª`vwqK †PZbv|
i evOvwj cvjhy‡Mi wPÎKjvi BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ms¯‥…wZ‡K aviY Kivi ga¨ w`‡q G‡m‡Q|
cÖvPxb evsjv I evOvwji Rxe‡bwZnv‡m cvjhyM GK ¯§iYxq Aa¨vq| PvikZ eQie¨vcx cvj Avg‡j wkí-mvwn‡Z¨i Amvgvb¨ weKvk mvwaZ
nq| wPÎKjvqI GB m‡gqi mg„w× j¶ Kiv hvq| evsjv I evOvwji wkí I wPÎKjvi mg„× HwZn¨ GB cvjhy‡Mi wPÎKjvi BwZnvm
HwZn¨ I ms¯‥…wZ‡K aviY K‡i F×|
Dˇii g”jK_v : evsjv Ges evOvwji wkí I wPÎKjvi mg„× cvjhy‡Mi wPÎKjvi BwZnvm HwZn¨ I ms¯‥…wZ‡K aviY K‡i mg„× n‡q‡Q|
j `„k¨Kí-1 ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi BwZnvm-HwZn¨ I Amv¤“ª`vwqKZvi w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq evOvwj RvwZi BwZnvm-HwZn¨ I Amv¤“ª`vwqK †PZbvi w`KwU Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| evOvwj RvwZi i‡q‡Q mg„×
BwZnvm| G BwZnvm AZ¨š@ cÖvPxb| BwZnv‡mi ci‡Z ci‡Z HwZ‡n¨i bvbv w`K Qwo‡q Av‡Q| BwZnvm-HwZ‡n¨i mv‡_ wbweofv‡e wg‡k
Av‡Q evOvwji Amv¤“ª`vwqK †PZbv| evOvwj RvwZ my‡L-`yt‡L nvRvi eQ‡i a‡i GKm‡½ Kuv‡a Kuva wgwj‡q c_ P‡j‡Q| RvwZ-ag©-eY©
wbwe©‡k‡l mevi g‡a¨ cvi¯“wiK fvZ…Z¡‡eva i‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki `„k¨Kí-1G evsjvi BwZnvm-HwZ‡n¨i w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wn›`y-gymwj‡gi wewfbœ Abyôv‡bi weeiY †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
cvjv-cve©‡Yi Xv‡K‡Xv‡j Pviw`K †hb gyLwiZ n‡q _v‡K| gvwS cvj Zz‡j †b․Kv evq| ZuvwZiv Kvco †ev‡b| hv Avgv‡`i BwZnvm -HwZ‡n¨i
cwiPq enb K‡i| Avi me a‡g©i †jvK wg‡jwg‡k emevm K‡i hv Amv¤“ª`vwqKZv‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq, BwZnvm-HwZn¨ I
Amv¤“ª`vwqKZvi w`K †_‡K `„k¨Kí-1Gi mv‡_ ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `„k¨Kí-1 ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvi BwZnvm-HwZn¨ I Amv¤“ª`vwqKZvi w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
k `„k¨Kí-2 evOvwj RvwZmË¡vi cÖengvbZv‡K mg_©b K‡i e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq evOvwj RvwZmË¡vi cÖengvbZvi wPÎ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| nvRvi eQi a‡i P‡j Avmv evOvwj RvwZi mg„×
BwZnvm-HwZn¨‡KI eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Avw` wb`k©b wn‡m‡e Ph©vc‡`i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| evOvwj RvwZ AwaKvi Av`v‡qi
Rb¨ †hme msMÖvg K‡i‡Q Zvi weeiY dz‡U D‡V‡Q| AZx‡Zi wewfbœ Av‡›`vjb I wecÐe-we‡`ªvn †_‡K ïi‚ K‡i ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i K_vI ejv
n‡q‡Q| GQvovI wewfbœ HwZn¨mg„× w`KMy‡jviI eY©bv i‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Zvici b`xi †mªvZ e‡q Pj‡jv| KL‡bv ax‡i KL‡bv †Rv‡i| KL‡bv wgwó gayi Q‡›`| me wg‡j nvRvi eQi a‡i
Pj‡Q evOvwji wbiš@i c_Pjv| A_©vr evOvwj RvwZi exiZ¡Muv_v Z_v Av‡›`vjb I wecÐe cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡KB P‡j Avm‡Q| Gi avivevwnKZv
A`¨vewa we`¨gvb Av‡Q| bvbv ai‡bi PovB-DrivB cvi n‡q evOvwj RvwZ AvR ¯^vaxb RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| evOvwj RvwZi G c_Pjv
Aweivgfv‡e Pj‡ZB _vK‡e|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, `„k¨Kí-2 evOvwj RvwZmË¡vi cÖengvbZv‡KB mg_©b K‡i| KviY `„k¨Kí-2G wbiš@i c_Pjvi
K_v e¨³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G c_Pjv evOvwj RvwZi nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm‡K Bw½Z K‡i| evOvwj RvwZ wewfbœ mg‡q wewfbœ cÖwZK‚j
cwiw¯’wZi gy‡LvgywL n‡q‡Q| hv ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq ewY©Z evOvwj RvwZi AZxZ BwZnv‡mi cÖengvbZviB ewntcÖKvk gvÎ| ZvB Avwg
g‡b Kwi `„k¨Kí-2 evOvwj RvwZmË¡vi cÖengvbZv‡K mg_©b K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : `„k¨Kí-2 evOvwj RvwZmË¡vi cÖengvbZv‡K mg_©b K‡i|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  204

cÖkœ  08 eq‡m †Qv‡Uv nIqvq mvey‡K cÖ_‡g †KD gyw³hy‡× wb‡Z ivwR nqwb| wKš‘ mveyi GKK_v †m †`‡ki Rb¨ hy× Ki‡e| MÖv‡gi
mevB Zv‡K †Q‡o P‡j †M‡jI †m i‡q hvq MÖv‡g| Zvi †Kv‡bv wcQyUvb †bB| †Mwijv Kvq`vq †m G‡Ki ci GK Awfhvb Pvjvq gyw³evwnbxi
KgvÛvi jwZ‡di †bZ…‡Z¡| GKw`b GK `ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b Ask wb‡q cÂvk Rb cvK‡mbv‡K civ¯@ K‡i †`q| Zvic‡i KgvÛvi
jwZdmn wd‡i hvq wbivc` `”i‡Z¡|
K. eyav KLb gyw³i Avb›` †eva K‡iwQj? 1
L. Ò†jvnvi Uzwc I‡`i gv_v †L‡q‡Q|ÓÑ eyavi G Dcjwäi KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mveyi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwU Zz‡j a‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki mvey Ges eyavi Awfhvb cwiPvjbv GKB †PZbv‡jvK †_‡K DrmvwiZÑ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv cÖwZcbœ K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ¯^vaxbfv‡e euvPvi g‡a¨ eyav gyw³i Avb›` †eva K‡iwQj|
i ivRvKvi‡`i wbôzi AvPi‡Yi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z eyav g‡b K‡i †jvnvi Uzwc I‡`i gMR †L‡q‡Q|
gv_vq †jvnvi Uzwc civ wZb Rb ivRvKvi eyavi `ynvZ I `y-cv a‡i P¨vs‡`vjv K‡i gv‡Vi gvSLv‡b G‡b avg K‡i †d‡j †`q| Iiv gv‡Vi
gvSLv‡b GKwU euvk cyu‡Z euv‡ki m‡½ eyav‡K KvKZvo~qvi g‡Zv †eu‡a Ii Mv‡qi RvgvUv Ly‡j †eu‡a †`q gv_vq| †mB mv‡_ Zvi gy‡L-wc‡V
ivbœvN‡ii nuvwoi Kvwj w`‡q Gu‡K †`q AuvKveuvKv †iLv| Zvici wn wn K‡i nvm‡Z nvm‡Z wZb Rb ivRvKvi P‡j †M‡j eyavi †PvL R¦‡j I‡V| eyav
g‡b K‡i, †jvnvi Uzwc ci‡j gvby‡li gv_vi eyw× †jvc cvq, ZvB †cqviv LvIqv‡bvi K…ZÁZv ¯^iƒcI Iiv Zvi kvw¯@ gIKz‡di K_v fv‡ewb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : †jvnvi Uzwc civi Kvi‡Y nvbv`vi evwnbxi †jvKRb Abyf‚wZk”b¨ n‡q c‡o‡Q| †mRb¨ eyav e‡j‡Q, Ô†jvnvi Uzwc I‡`i gMR †L‡q‡QÕ|

j DÏxc‡Ki mveyi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwU n‡jv eyav|

ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav GKwU wK‡kvi PwiÎ| eyav wK‡kvi n‡jI †m AZ¨š@ mvnmx| †m gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`q| gyw³evwnbxi
KgvÛvi kvnveywχbi †bZ…‡Z¡ eyav `ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b Ask †bq| cÖwZwU Awfhv‡bB eyav mdj nq| eyav gvwUKvUvi `‡j †hvM w`‡q
evsKv‡i gvBb cyu‡Z iv‡L| c‡i eyav I kvnveywÏb gvBb we‡ùvi‡Yi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _v‡K| cvKnvbv`vi evwnbx evsKv‡i cv ivL‡ZB
gvBb we‡ùviY nq| gvBb we‡ùviY n‡j kvnveywÏb I eyav wbivc` ¯’v‡b P‡j hvq|
DÏxc‡K GKRb wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×vi `ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡bi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×vi bvg mvey| mvey †Qv‡Uv e‡j Zv‡K
†KD gyw³hy‡× wb‡Z ivwR nqwb| †m MÖv‡g †_‡K hvq Ges gyw³hy‡× Ask †bq| †Mwijv Kvi`vq †m GKi ci GK Awfhv‡b Ask †bq|
cÖwZwU Awfhv‡bB †m cvK‡mbv‡`i civ¯@ K‡i †`q| ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavI `ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b Ask †bq| mvey I eyav `yR‡bB
wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v| `yR‡bi Kg©KvÊB GK I Awfbœ| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki mveyi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi mv`„k¨c”Y© PwiÎwU
n‡jv eyav|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mveyi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi mv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nq|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki mvey Ges eyavi Awfhvb cwiPvjbv GKB †PZbv‡jvK †_‡K DrmvwiZ|ÓÑgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav GKRb mvnmx wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v| eyav cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡i AwZô n‡q D‡VwQj| ZvB †m
cÖwZev`x n‡q I‡V| †m gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡q cvKevwnbxi Ici cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ †m gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi kvnveywχbi †bZ…‡Z¡
`ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b Ask †bq| †iwK Kiv, Avnv` gywÝi evwo‡Z AvMyb jvMv‡bv, evsKv‡i gvBb cyu‡Z ivLvi g‡Zv KwVb KvR Ki‡Z eyav
m¶g nq|
DÏxc‡Ki mvey wK‡kvi e‡j Zv‡K †KD gyw³hy‡× wb‡Z ivwR nqwb| wKš‘ mvey wb‡Ri AvÍwek¦vm nvivqwb| eq‡m wK‡kvi n‡jI
gyw³hy‡× Myi‚Z¡c”Y© Ae`vb iv‡L| gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi jwZ‡di †bZ…‡Z¡ `ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b Ask †bq| D³ Awfhv‡b cÂvk Rb
cvK‡mbv civ¯@ nq| mvey G‡Ki ci GK †Mwijv Awfhv‡b cvK‡mbv‡`i g‡b Îv‡mi m„wó K‡i| wK‡kvi mvey gyw³hy‡× `ytmvnwmKZvi
cwiPq w`‡Z m¶g nq|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki mvey Ges eyavi Awfhvb cwiPvjbv GKB †PZbv‡jvK †_‡K DrmvwiZ| KviY mvey Ges eyav `yR‡bB
gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq D¾xweZ n‡q‡Q| †`‡ki gvby‡li gyw³i Rb¨ Zviv wb‡R‡`i Rxeb evwR †i‡L `ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b Ask wb‡q‡Q|
`ytmvnwmK Awfhv‡b Ask †bIqvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv cvKnvbv`vi evwnbx‡K G‡`k †_‡K weZvwoZ Kiv| `yR‡bB †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨
gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡q `ytmvnwmK Awfhvb Pvwj‡q‡Q| myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mvey Ges eyavi Awfhvb cwiPvjbv g”jZ GKB †PZbv‡jvK †_‡KB DrmvwiZ|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  205

cÖkœ  09 Ògvbyl I wkqv‡ji mw¤§wjZ K‡É

Kvbœvi †ivj c‡o hvq aŸwb‡Z
weivU GKwU i³gvLv jvj m”h©
AvMy‡bi †Mvjvi g‡Zv cywo‡q
jKjK K‡i D‡V hvq AvKv‡k
-----------------------------
ZeyI AvÍ`v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q wQwb‡q G‡bwQ
GKwU jvj m”h©, GKwU cZvKv
GKwU ¯^vaxbZv|Ó
K. Kv‡Kiv fvZ †L‡j Kv‡`i eyK Ryovq? 1
L. gi‡Yi K_v g‡b Ki‡j hy× Kiv hvq bv †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi fveaviv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi †PZbviB ewntcÖKvk|Ó Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbi”cY K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Kv‡Kiv fvZ †L‡j kwn‡`i gv‡q‡`i eyK Ryovq|
i Ôgi‡Yi K_v wPš@v Ki‡j hy× Kiv hvq bvÕÑ Kzwš@i G K_vi ga¨ w`‡q Amxg mvnm cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q|
hy× gv‡bB Rxeb-gi‡Yi cÖkœ| hy‡× †M‡j gvby‡li g„Zz¨ n‡e GUvB ¯^vfvweK| GRb¨ hviv hy‡× †h‡Z Pvq Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv g„Zz¨ fq
_vKv Pj‡e bv| wKsev hy×Pjvi mg‡qI gi‡Yi K_v ¯§iY Kiv hv‡e bv| G‡Z g‡bi g‡a¨ f‡qi m„wó n‡e| gvbwmK g‡bvej my`„p
_vK‡e bv| d‡j hy‡× civRq mywbwðZ n‡q hv‡e| g”jZ g‡bi g‡a¨ Amxg mvnm m„wói Rb¨B Kzwš@ G ai‡bi K_v e‡j‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU Øviv Kzwš@i K_vq Amxg mvn‡mi welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi A‡bK Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m evOvwji AvÍZ¨v‡Mi Kvwnwb dz‡U D‡V‡Q| evOvwj RvwZ ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK Z¨vM ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q|
cvKnvbv`vi evwnbx evsjvi gvby‡li Ici b„ksm nZ¨vKvÊ Pvjvq| cvwLi g‡Zv gvbyl‡K wbwe©Pv‡i Mywj K‡i gv‡i| g„Z e¨w³‡`i jvk Zviv
MYKei †`q| A‡bK jvk GLv‡b ILv‡b c‡o _v‡K| ¯^Rb nviv‡bv †e`bvq Pviw`‡K AvZ©bv` †kvbv hvq| Gme †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi Rb¨
exi evOvwj A¯¿ nv‡Z gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o| eyavi g‡Zv wK‡kvi †_‡K ïi‚ K‡i wewfbœ †kÖwY †ckvi gvbyl gyw³hy‡× Ask †bq| Avi
Gfv‡eB evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nq|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k gvby‡li Kvbœvi aŸwb Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| Kvbœvi AvIqv‡R AvKvk-evZvm f‡i †M‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ evOvwj
RvwZ‡K i³ w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| ey‡Ki ZvRv i‡³i wewbg‡q GKwU i³gvLv m”h© Dw`Z n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki b¨vq ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mI
¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ AmsL¨ gvbyl‡K cÖvY wemR©b w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ evsjvi meyR-cÖvš@i i‡³ jvj n‡q‡Q| `xN© i³¶qx msMÖv‡gi
ci evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi AvÍZ¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi
w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cÖ_gvs‡k ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi A‡bK Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi fveaviv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi †PZbviB ewntcÖKvk|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb PwiÎ n‡jv eyav| eyav‡K †K›`ª K‡iB Dcb¨vmwUi Kvwnwb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| eyav wK‡kvi n‡jI Zvi g‡a¨
gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv †R‡M I‡V| †m cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡i AwZô n‡q I‡V| GRb¨ cÖwZ‡kv‡ai AvMyb Zvi g‡b `vD `vD K‡i
R¡j‡Z _v‡K| cÖwZ‡kva †bIqvi gva¨‡g †m †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Ki‡Z Pvq| †`‡ki gvbyl‡K civaxbZvi wkKj †_‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ hy‡× Ask
†bq| hy‡× Rxeb evwR †i‡L eyav `ytmvnwmK Awfhvb Pvjvq|
DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi w`‡K `„wó w`‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, GKwU jvj m”h©, GKwU cZvKv, GKwU ¯^vaxbZvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr
GKwU civaxb †`‡k ¯^vaxbZvi iw³g m”h© Dw`Z n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡f․g‡Ëi cÖZxK ¯^iƒc GKwU cZvKvI cZcZ K‡i Do‡Q| hv
¯^vaxb †`‡ki cwiPq enb K‡i| A‡bK Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q ¯^vaxbZv AwR©Z nq| ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ evOvwj RvwZ‡K i³ w`‡Z n‡q‡Q| GK
mvMi i‡³i wewbg‡q evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i‡Q|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi fveaviv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi †PZbviB ewntcÖKvk| KviY
eyav †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡qwQj| `ytmvnwmKZvi mv‡_ cvKnvbv`vi evwnbxi †gvKvwejv K‡iwQj| hvi d‡j
evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡YI gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi welqwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki
AvKv‡k ¯^vaxbZvi m”h© Dw`Z n‡q‡Q| hv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi †PZbviB ewntcÖKvk gvÎ| myZivs cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †kl `yB Pi‡Yi fveavivq ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi †PZbviB ewntcÖKvk j¶ Kiv hvq|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  206

cÖkœ  10 DÏxcK-1 : ÒMÖv‡gi †jvK Av‡‛Q †evKv

UvKv w`‡q Lv‡‛Q †auvKv
†gviM QvMj w`‡‛Q †LvKv
Av¯@ QvMj RevB K‡i
Lv‡‛Q wci †cU f‡i|Ó
DÏxcK-2 : ÒGfv‡e Pj‡Z †bB,
Ifv‡e Pj‡Z †bB,
GUv ej‡Z †bB,
IUv Ki‡Z †bB|
e¨vm A‡bK n‡q‡Q
Gfv‡e Avi †g‡q‡`i `wg‡q ivLv hvq bv|Ó
K. gvbyl Kx w`‡q me wePvi K‡i? 1
L. Ôwc‡ii Qvqvq evm Kivi †m․fvM¨ KÕR‡bi nq|Õ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxcK-1Gi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxcK-2Gi fvev_© ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi gv‡S Luy‡R cvIqv hvq|ÓÑ Dˇii mc‡¶ †Zvgvi hyw³ `vI| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h gvbyl mg‡qi `xN©Zv w`‡q me wePvi K‡i|
i wci mv‡neiv †Lv`vi evYx gvby‡li wbKU †cu․‡Q †`b Ges †Lv`vi Bev`Z K‡ib e‡j Zvi Qvqvq evm Kiv †m․fv‡M¨i|
cxi mv‡ne mviveQi wewfbœ †Rjvq Zvi Abymvix‡`i evwo‡Z evwo‡Z Ny‡i †eovb Ges †Lv`vi evYx †cu․‡Q †`b| wci mv‡ne A‡bK cyY¨evb
gvbyl Ges wZwb mK‡ji g½j Kvgbv K‡ib| ZvB ewncx‡ii Kv‡Q Zv‡niv wd‡i †M‡j my‡Lkvwš@‡ZB _vK‡e| G Kvi‡YB †Lv‡`Rv
e‡jwQj †h wci mv‡n‡ei Qvqvq evm Kiv †m․fv‡M¨i e¨vcvi|
Dˇii g”jK_v : wci mv‡neiv †Lv`vi evYx gvby‡li wbKU †cu․‡Q †`b Ges †Lv`vi Bev`Z K‡ib e‡j Zvi Qvqvq evm Kiv †m․fv‡M¨i|
j DÏxcK-1Gi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv ag©xq †Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥vi|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K agx©q †Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥vi dz‡U D‡V‡Q| mvaviY gvby‡li g‡b åvš@ aviYv jywK‡q Av‡Q| wcicÖ_v ag©xq wek¦v‡mi GKwU
As‡k cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| hv m¤“”Y© fzj e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq| KviY wcicÖ_vi mv‡_ a‡g©i †Kv‡bv m¤“K© †bB| GwU GKwU ag©xq †Muvovwg I
Kzms¯‥vi gvÎ| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K Zv‡nivi evev-gv, †Lv‡`Rv I nwKKzjÐvn ewncx‡ii AÜf³| Zviv ewncxi‡K AÜfv‡e AbyKiY K‡i
_v‡K| Avi GwU‡K Zviv ag©xq KvR e‡j g‡b K‡i|
DÏxcK-1G ejv n‡q‡Q, MÖv‡gi gvbyl Avm‡jB Av¯@ †evKv| Zviv wci‡K UvKv-cqmv w`‡q †avKv Lv‡‛Q| Zviv †gviM, QvMj cÖf…wZ wc‡ii
nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡‛Q| Avi wci GMy‡jv RevB K‡i Lv‡‛Q| MÖv‡gi gvbyl ag©xq †Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥v‡i Rwo‡q Av‡Q| Zviv wc‡ii `iev‡i wewfbœ
Dcnvi mvgMÖx cvwV‡q GwU‡K ag©xq c”‡Y¨i KvR e‡j g‡b Ki‡Q| wKš‘ ev¯@‡e GwU GKwU Kzms¯‥vi| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡KI Ggb ag©xq
†Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥vi j¶ Kiv hvq| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcK-1Gi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ag©xq †Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥v‡ii w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK-1Gi m‡½ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv ag©xq †Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥vi|
k ÒDÏxcK-2Gi fvev_© ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi gv‡S Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K wcicÖ_vi AÜ AbyKi‡Yi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ewncx‡ii AmsL¨ gyw`i i‡q‡Q| hviv Zv‡K AÜfv‡e wek¦vm K‡i| wKš‘
Zv‡niv ewncx‡ii AÜf³ bq| †m AvÍm‡PZb, cÖwZev`x I Kzms¯‥vigy³ GKRb bvix| †m wcicÖ_v‡K c``wjZ K‡i mvnmx f‚wgKvq
AeZxY© n‡q‡Q| ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Zvi Amg we‡qi welqwU †m cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q| KviY Zv‡niv GKRb m‡PZb bvix| ZvB m‡PZb bvix
wn‡m‡e †m mgv‡Ri cÖPwjZ †j․wKKZv‡K c‡ivqv K‡iwb| mvgvwRK KzcÖ_v‡K †m g‡bcÖv‡Y N„Yv K‡i|
DÏxcK-2Gi g‡a¨ Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †g‡q‡`i‡K `wg‡q ivLvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ARynvZ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †g‡qiv Gfv‡e Pj‡e bv, GUv
Ki‡e bv, ILv‡b hv‡e bv, Gfv‡e em‡e bvÑ GKK_vq wewfbœ KzcÖ_vi †eovRv‡j †g‡q‡`i‡K ew›` ivLvi cÖ‡Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †kl
ch©š@ mdjZv Av‡mwb| KviY †g‡qiv Gme åvš@ †eovRv‡j ew›` _vK‡Z Pvq bv| ZvB Zviv cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q e‡j‡QÑ e¨vm A‡bK
n‡q‡Q, Gfv‡e Avi †g‡q‡`i `wg‡q ivLv hvq bv| †g‡qiv †Kv‡bv Kzms¯‥v‡i wb‡R‡`i Rwo‡q ivL‡e bv| Zviv mKj evavwecwˇK
AwZµg Ki‡e|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxcK-2Gi fvev_© ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi gv‡S Luy‡R cvIqv hvq| DÏxcK-2Gi fvev‡_©
†g‡q‡`i cÖwZev`x †PZbv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Zviv mvgvwRK wewfbœ KzcÖ_v‡K gvb‡Z iv‡R nqwb| ZvB Zviv Gi cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡KI Zv‡niv mvgvwRK I ag©xq Kzms¯‥v‡ii wei‚‡× cÖwZev` K‡i‡Q| wcicÖ_v‡K †m Aby¯§iY K‡iwb| KviY Zv‡niv GKRb
m‡PZb bvix| ag©xq Kzms¯‥vi Zv‡K `wg‡q ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| DÏxc‡Ki †g‡qiv †hfv‡e mgv‡Ri KzcÖ_vi wei‚‡× cÖwZev` K‡i‡Q †mfv‡e
Zv‡nivI cÖwZev` K‡i‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki fvev_© Zv‡niv Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK-2Gi fvev_© ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi gv‡SI Luy‡R cvIqv hvq|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  207

cÖkœ  11 Awfi nv‡Z wWGmjvi K¨v‡giv, gv_vq K¨vc c‡i iwng Avjxi Kv‡Q hvq| ÔI iwng wgqv, †g‡q‡K we‡q w`‡‛Qv, †g‡qi eqm
KZ e‡jv|Õ Avcbviv Kviv? ÔAvgiv wgwWqvi †jvK, me †iKW© K‡i Le‡i †`Lv‡ev, cywjk‡K me †`e|Õ Kwigb e‡j I‡V, ÔAvwg we‡q Kie
bv| Avcbviv Avgv‡K euvPvb|Õ iwng e‡j, Ôevev Avwg Mwie gvbyl| Avwg bv ey‡S G KvR KiwQjvg| GLb eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ|Õ Kwig‡bi
Amg we‡q †f‡O hvq| Awfiv P‡j hvq|
K. G N‡i †Ruv‡Ki g‡Zv †j‡M Av‡Q †K? 1
L. ÒZvnviv Zvnv‡`i bZzb Rxe‡bi c‡_ hvB‡Z‡Q|Ó Ñewncxi GK_v †Kb e‡j‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Kwigb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi·K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Awf Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi wPš@v‡PZbv GKB avivq DrmvwiZÑ Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY K‡iv| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h G N‡i †Ruv‡Ki g‡Zv †j‡M Av‡Q nv‡kg Avwj|
i cwiw¯’wZ †g‡b †bIqvi BwZevPK gvbwmKZvi Kvi‡YB ewncxi GB Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K †`Lv hvq, Zv‡niv‡K e‡k Avbvi Rb¨ ewncxi bvbv †K․kj MÖnY K‡ib| GgbwK cywj‡ki fqI †`Lvb| wKš‘ mewKQz
D‡c¶v K‡i †kl ch©š@ nv‡kg Zv‡nivi nvZ a‡i P‡j hvIqvi ci ewncxi kvš@fve aviY K‡ib Ges welqwU ¯^vfvweK wn‡m‡e †g‡b
†bIqvi BwZevPK gvbwmKZv Zvi g‡a¨ m„wó nq| wKš‘ Zvi GB BwZevPK g‡bvfv‡ei Aš@iv‡j wQj Zvi AmnvqZ¡| KviY evovevwo
Ki‡j Zvi wc‡ii gh©v`v bó n‡Z cv‡i †f‡eB wZwb welqwUi cÖwZ BwZevPK gvbwmKZv cÖ`k©b K‡iwQ‡jb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : wewfbœ †K․k‡ji AvkÖq wb‡qI †kl ch©š@ nv‡kg I Zv‡niv‡K AvU‡K ivL‡Z bv cvivq ewncxi cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb|

j DÏxc‡Ki Kwigb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi·K wb‡`©k K‡i|

ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Ab¨Zg cÖwZev`x PwiÎ n‡jv Zv‡niv| Zv‡nivi evev-gv ewncx‡ii AÜf³ n‡jI Zv‡niv ewncx‡ii AÜf³ bq|
Zv‡nivi evev-gv Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii mv‡_ we‡q w`‡Z †P‡qwQj| wKš‘ Zv‡niv †m we‡q‡Z ivwR wQj bv| ZvB †m evwo †Q‡o cvwj‡qwQj|
Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rv Zv‡K eRivq AvkÖq w`‡qwQj| †Lv‡`Rv ewncx‡ii nv‡Z Zv‡niv‡K Zz‡j w`‡Z †P‡qwQj| GgZve¯’vq Zv‡niv
†mLv‡bI cÖwZev` Rvbvq| nv‡kg e¨ZxZ mevB Zv‡nivi wec‡¶ _vK‡jI Zv‡niv Abgbxq f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki iwng Avjx Zvi †g‡q Kwig‡bi we‡q wVK K‡i| wKš‘ Kwig‡bi GLbI we‡qi eqm nqwb| Kwigb G we‡q‡Z ivwR bq| ZeyI
Zvi evev †Rvi K‡iB Zvi we‡q w`‡Z Pvq| GLei ï‡b mvsevw`K Awf I Zvi †jvKRb NUbv¯’‡j Qz‡U hvq| evj¨we‡qi G Lei wfwW‡qv
K‡i wgwWqv‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡Z Pvq| GgbwK cywjk‡KI mewKQz Rvbv‡Z Pvq| G‡Z iwng Avjx Zvi fzj eyS‡Z cv‡i| d‡j Kwig‡bi Amg
we‡q †f‡O hvq| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡KI Zv‡nivi cÖwZev`x g‡bvfv‡ei Kvi‡Y ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Amg we‡q nqwb| DÏxc‡Ki Kwigb I ÔewncxiÕ
bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi Amg we‡q †f‡O †M‡Q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi DÏxc‡Ki Kwigb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi·K wb‡`©k K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Kwigb g”jZ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi·K wb‡`©k K‡i|
k DÏxc‡Ki Awf Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi wPš@v‡PZbv GKB avivq DrmvwiZÑDw³wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki GKwU AvÍm‡PZb PwiÎ n‡jv nv‡kg Avwj| nv‡kg Avwj AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z| Zvi g‡bi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv agx©q
†Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥vi †bB| †m ewncx‡ii Kg©KvʆK mg_©b K‡iwb| eis ewncx‡ii AcK‡g©i Zxeª cÖwZev` Rvwb‡q‡Q| ewncxi †Rvic”e©K
Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| wKš‘ Zv‡niv D³ we‡q‡Z ivwR wQj bv| GRb¨ nv‡kg ewncx‡ii nvZ †_‡K Zv‡niv‡K i¶v K‡i|
Zv‡nivi Amg we‡q †f‡O w`‡q Zv‡niv‡K wec`gy³ K‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, iwng Avwj Zvi bvevwjKv †g‡q Kwig‡bi we‡q wVK K‡i| hv mgv‡R evj¨we‡q wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
iwng Avwj Zvi †g‡q‡K †Rvic”e©K we‡q w`‡Z †P‡qwQj| GgZve¯’vq †mLv‡b mvsevw`K Awf nvwRi nq| Awf G Amg we‡q †f‡O
†`Iqvi Rb¨ iwng Avwj‡K Aby‡iva Rvbvq| Avi Zv bv n‡j G Lei cywjkmn wgwWqv‡Z Qwo‡q w`‡Z Pvq| G‡Z iwng Avwj Zvi fzj
¯^xKvi K‡i we‡q eÜ K‡i| d‡j Kwigb Amg we‡qi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Awf Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi wPš@v‡PZbv I `„wófw½i g‡a¨ Mfxi wgj
i‡q‡Q| Zviv `yR‡bB Amnvq †g‡qi cv‡k `uvwo‡q‡Q| Amg we‡qi nvZ †_‡K Amnvq †g‡q `ywU‡K euvwP‡q‡Q| Zviv `yR‡bB mgvRm‡PZb
I cÖwZev`x wPš@vavivq wek¦vmx| †cÖ¶vcUMZ wKQz wfbœZv _vK‡jI Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ I Kg©ZrciZv g”jZ GK I Awfbœ| mvgvwRK m‡PZbZv
e„w×i Rb¨ Zviv D³ Kg© m¤“v`b K‡i‡Q| Kv‡RB DÏxc‡Ki Awf I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡k‡gi wPš@vaviv g”jZ GKB avivq cÖevwnZ|
ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Awf Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Df‡qi wPš@v‡PZbv †hb GKB avivq DrmvwiZ n‡q‡Q|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  208

w`bvRcyi †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg”n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U
Kjg Øviv m¤“”Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. ÔGevi Zzwg wM‡q fv‡jv K‡i LvI|Õ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ ågY Kvwnwbi G e³‡e¨ 13. Ô†Lv`v †Lv`v| meB †Lv`vi ingZÕ G K_v †K e‡j‡Qb?
†jL‡Ki †Kvb fve dz‡U D‡V‡Q? E nv‡Zg Avwj F nwKKzjÐvn G ewncxi H †Lv‡`Rv
E we‡Øl F weiw³ G †¶vf H N„Yv 14. ÔwKš‘ Avwg AevK nw‛Q †Zvgvi AK…ZÁZv †`‡LÕ †Lv‡`Rv G K_v ejvi
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 2 I 3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : KviY Kx?
†Pqvig¨vb mv‡ne mK‡ji Av¯’vfvRb †jvK| miKvwi Pvj, Mg meB E Zv‡niv nv‡k‡gi gZ‡K mivmwi mg_©b bv Kivq
wnmve-wbKvk K‡i cÖK…Z Amnvq gvby‡li gv‡S weZiY K‡ib| F nv‡kg gv-evevi Ag‡Z we‡q Kivq
2. DÏxc‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb mv‡n‡ei Pwi‡Î dz‡U IVv w`KwU Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ G nwKKzjÐvn cywjk‡K bv WvKvq
cÖe‡Üi †h ev‡K¨i mv‡_ m½wZc”Y © H Av‡bvqvi DwÏb UvKv avi bv †`Iqvq
E wk¶vi Avmj KvR Ávb cwi‡ekb bq, g”j¨‡eva m„wó 15. ÔGKwU ¯^cœ †f‡O †M‡j Av‡iKUv ¯^cœ Mo‡Z cvie|Õ G Dw³ Øviv nv‡kg
F Abœ-e‡¯¿i cÖvPz‡h©i †P‡q gyw³ e‡ov Pwi‡Îi †Kvb •ewkó¨ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
G A_© wPš@vi wbM‡o ew›` E AvÍwek¦vm F mvnwmKZv G wbf©xKZv H •ah©kxjZv
H wk¶v Avgv‡`i gvbemË¡vi N‡i wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i 16. KLb ev¼v‡ii KvR †kl nq?
3. DÏxcK I Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü dz‡U D‡V‡Q E mܨvi g‡a¨ F iv‡Zi g‡a¨
i. gbyl¨‡Z¡i cwiPq ii. g”j¨‡ev‡ai cwiPq iii. RxemË¡vi cwiPq G `ycy‡ii g‡a¨ H we‡K‡ji g‡a¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 17. ÔZzB GKUv Lye fv‡jv †g‡qÕ GB fv‡jv †g‡q †K?
Ei F ii G i I ii H i, ii I iii E dzjKwj F Kzwš@ G weby H ivwb
4. Mvp †eMywb i‡Oi dzj †KvbwU? 18. Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
E Kvwnwb F PwiÎ G cwi‡ek H `„k¨
E wm‡gvb F ewb wcÖÝ G eyKvwbqvi H cvm&Kvwj
5. ÔGKwU bZzb c„w_exi Rš§ n‡Z P‡j‡QÕ Pi‡Y ÔbZzb c„w_exÕ Øviv Kx 19. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Kve¨MÖš’?
E Avcb `‡ji gvbyl F †cÖgvsïi i³ PvB
eywS‡q‡Qb?
G evev hLb †Qv‡Uv wQ‡jb H Kv‡jv †g‡Ni †fjv
E bZzb Rxe‡bi m„wó
F ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Avwef©ve
20. ÔG‡mwQ evOvwj AvDj-evDj gvwUi †`Dj †_‡K|Õ Pi‡Y Ô†`DjÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
E c„w_ex F ¯^M© G †`evjq H gw›`i
G bZzb RM‡Zi Avwef©ve H bZzb Aa¨v‡qi m„wó
21. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq nvwÇmvi †K wQj?
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 6 I 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E GK weaev F Abv_ wK‡kvi
ÔeªZ Zvnvi c‡ii wnZ myL bvwn Pvq wb‡R, G GK ey‡ov H Abv_ wK‡kvix
†i․`ª `v‡n ïKvq Zby, †g‡Ni R‡j wf‡R|Õ 22. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ AvaywbK Rxeb‡PZbvi Kwe †K?
6. DÏxc‡K ÔivbviÕ KweZvi †Kvb welqwU dz‡U I‡V‡Q? E KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg F m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë
E `vwqZ¡kxjZv F mgqvbyewZ©Zv G Rxebvb›` `vk H •mq` kvgmyj nK
G D`viZv H †`k‡cÖg 23. cÖ_g †PŠayixi mvwnwZ¨K QÙ bvg †KvbwU?
7. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU wb‡Pi †h Pi‡Y cvIqv hvq E ebdzj F exiej G bxj †jvwnZ H cÙf‚lY
E ivbvi P‡j‡Q, eywS †fvi nq nq, 24. wg_¨v cÖPvi †evSv‡Z ÔGKvˇii w`bMywjÕ cÖe‡Ü †Kvb kãwU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q?
F Rxe‡bi me ivw·K Iiv wK‡b‡Q Aí `v‡g E Zv¾e F D™¢U G †Mv‡qejm& H `yey©w×
G ¯^‡cœi g‡Zv wc‡Q m‡i hvq eb 25. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ me©v‡c¶v cÖvPxb kvLv †KvbwU?
H Kx n‡e ¶zavi K¬vwš@‡Z ¶‡q ¶‡q E †Qv‡UvMí F bvUK G Dcb¨vm H cÖeÜ
8. ÔgvZv-wcZvgn µ‡g e‡½Z emwZÕÑ Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi G Pi‡Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ 26. ÔZzwg Avgv‡K hvB‡Z w`‡qv bv, gv|Õ GK_vi ga¨ w`‡q myfvi †Kvb
i. †`kcÖxwZ ii. cÖK…wZcÖxwZ iii. fvlvcÖxwZ Awfe¨w³ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. wPi‡Pbv RMr‡K AuvK‡o aiv ii. cwi‡ek I cÖK…wZ‡Z _vKvi B‛Qv
Ei F ii G iii H i I ii iii. gv‡K †Q‡o bv hvIqv
9. cÖevm Rxe‡b Kwe Kv‡K †cÖgfv‡e ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E e½f‚wg‡K F e½evmx‡K Ei F ii G i I ii H i, ii I iii
G ivRv-cÖRv‡K H K‡cvZv¶ b`‡K 27. ÔGK SuvK b¶Î †b‡g G‡m‡Q †hb bxj AvKvk †_‡K meyR mvq‡i|Õ
10. Ô†gvjÐv-cyi‚Z jvMv‡q‡Q Zvi mKj `yqv‡i Pvwe|Õ cO&w³ Øviv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q GLv‡b Ôb¶ÎÕ ej‡Z wbgMv‡Qi Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
†gvjÐv-cyi‚Z E KwP cvZvMy‡jv‡K F my›`i iƒc‡K
i. gmwR`-gw›`‡ii wbqš¿Y wb‡q‡Q ii. c_åó‡`i kvw¯@ w`‡q‡Q G dz‡ji evnvi‡K H KwP WvjMy‡jv‡K
iii. gvby‡li AwaKvi‡K i‚× K‡i‡Q  DÏxcKwU c‡o 28 I 29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ÔGKwUgvÎ wcivb KvwPqv ïKvqwb Zvnv e‡j,
Ei F ii G iii H i I iii †i․‡`ª awiqv ewmqv Av‡Q †Mv Lwjdv AvwObv-Z‡j|Õ
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 11 I 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 28. DÏxcKwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi gnvbwe (m.)-Gi †h wel‡qi m‡½
f…Z¨ Pwoj D‡Ui wc‡ô Dgi awij iwk, m½wZc”Y©Ñ
gvby‡l‡i ¯^‡M© Zzwjqv awiqv ayjvq bvwgj kkx| i. Abvo¤^ic”Y© Rxeb ii. Avo¤^ik”b¨ Rxeb iii. mnR-mij Rxeb
11. DÏxc‡Ki fvee¯‘wU ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq †Kvb Pi‡Yi g‡a¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E Avwg‡Zv G‡mwQ Ph©vc‡`i A¶iMy‡jv †_‡K E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii
F Pwj cwjgvwU †Kvg‡j Avgvi Pjvi wP‎ý †d‡j 29. DÏxcKwU‡Z gnvbwe (m.)-Gi Pwi‡Îi †Kvb My‡Yi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q?
G Avwg †h G‡mwQ GKvˇii gyw³hy× †_‡K E mnbkxjZv F `vbkxjZv
H mevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨, Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB G gvbweKZv H ¶gvkxjZv
12. DÏxcK I D³ Pi‡Yi fvee¯‘ n‡jv 30. ÔGZ K_v KB‡Z cv‡i Avcbvi †Q‡j|Õ ggZvw`i G K_vwUi Øviv cÖKvk †c‡q‡QÑ
i. gvbeZvev` ii. mvg¨ev` iii. ev¯@eev` i. e¨vKzjZv ii. PÂjZv iii. †ønKvZiZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  209

w`bvRcyi †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj) welq †KvW 1 0 1
[2023 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c”Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi h_vh_ DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU,
L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU I N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwUmn †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi
Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `”lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| ¯^cœv mßg †kÖwYi QvÎx| †jLvcovq †hgb fv‡jv †Ljvayjv‡ZI †Zgwb| GRb¨ mncvVxiv ¯^cœv‡K Lye fv‡jvevm‡Zv| GKw`b ¯‥zj †_‡K evwo †divi
c‡_ moK `yNU© bvq GKwU nvZ I GKwU cv nviv‡Z nq Zv‡K| G‡Z ¯^cœv gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡o| mevi mvg‡b Avm‡Z weeªZ‡eva K‡i|
†jLvcov †h Avi n‡e bv †m I Zvi cwievi wbwðZ n‡q hvq| wKš‘ Zvi mncvVxiv mvš@¡bv, mn‡hvwMZv Avi mvnm w`‡q Zv‡K Avevi †jLvcovi
e¨vcv‡i Drmvnx K‡i †Zv‡j| GB ¯^cœvB GKw`b GmGmwm‡Z wRwcG-5 †c‡q ¯‥z‡ji mybvg e„w× K‡i|
K. myfv RjKzgvix n‡j Kx KiZ? 1
L. ÔAvwg †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Kx †`vl K‡iwQjvg?Õ Dw³wU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ¯^cœvi gvbwmKfv‡e wech©¯@ n‡q covi w`KwU ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv‡_ Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c”Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òmyfvi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri gvbwmKZv hw` DÏxc‡Ki mncvVx‡`i g‡Zv n‡Zv, Zvn‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi cwievi‡K G‡Zv weo¤^bvi wkKvi
n‡Z n‡Zv bv|Ó gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2| †gvwnbx‡`ex Avi •kjevjv `yB evÜex| `yR‡bi †Q‡jB Gevi cÂg †kÖwY‡Z| †gvwnbx‡`ex G eq‡mB Zvi †Q‡j AwgZ‡K Wv³vi-BwÄwbqvi evwb‡q
†dj‡Z Pvb| †Ljvayjv I Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv` ev` w`‡q me mgq †jLvcovi Pv‡c iv‡Lb| G‡Z AwgZ gvbwmKfv‡e Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o| Aciw`‡K
•kjevjv †gvwnbx‡`exi wecixZ| †Q‡ji B‛Qvi wei‚‡× †Kv‡bv KvR K‡ib bv| cvV¨eB‡qi evB‡i †Q‡j †h eB co‡Z fv‡jvev‡m jvB‡eªwi †_‡K
G‡b co‡Z †`b| G‡Z cov‡jLvi cÖwZ †Q‡ji AvMÖn DˇivËi e„w× cvq Ges †m gvbwmKfv‡e Pv½v n‡q D‡V|
K. ÔKvi`vwbÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. Bs‡iwR mf¨Zvi ms¯“‡k© G‡mI Avgiv †W‡gv‡µwm‡K Kxfv‡e AvqË K‡iwQ? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †gvwnbx‡`exi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb welqwUi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. •kjevjvi gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki cÖZ¨vkvi mwVK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q wK? Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³c”Y© gZvgZ `vI| 4
3| DÏxcK (i) : i‚cvwj M„n¯’vwji Kv‡R †ek cUz| evwoi m`m¨‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b hZUzKz KvR Kiv `iKvi Zvi †P‡q †ewkB K‡i| f`ª I AgvwqK
AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ evwoi mevB Zvi cÖwZ mš‘ó|
DÏxcK (ii) : GZ wø» b`x Kvnvi, †Kv_vq Ggb a”gª cvnvo,
†Kv_vq Ggb nwir †¶Î AvKvkZ‡j †g‡k|
Ggb av‡bi Dci †XD †L‡j hvq evZvm Kvnvi †`‡k|
Ggb †`kwU †Kv_vI Luy‡R cv‡e bv‡Kv Zzwg,
I †m mKj †`‡ki ivwb †m †h Avgvi Rš§f‚wg|
K. Kvey‡ji cvwb‡K Kx‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1
L. ÔAí †kv‡K KvZi, AwaK †kv‡K cv_iÕ †jLK †Kb G K_v e‡j‡Qb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)Gi i‚cvwji m‡½ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi †h w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©, Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK (ii)Gi fve †hb Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi GKwU we‡kl •ewk‡ó¨i aviK|Ó gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
4| cÖwgZ I AbyivM `yB eÜy| cvV¨eB‡qi cvkvcvwk Zviv mvwnZ¨welqK eB co‡Z LyeB cQ›` K‡i| cÖwgZ M‡`¨ wjwLZ e„nr cwiwai Kvwnwbwbf©i
mvwnZ¨ co‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| Aciw`‡K AbyivM Ava NÈv †_‡K GK NÈvi g‡a¨ c‡o IVv hvq Ggb KvwnwbB co‡Z ¯^v‛Q›`¨‡eva K‡i| mvwn‡Z¨i G
kvLvwU Abyiv‡Mi Lye wcÖq|
K. †Kvb ai‡bi cÖe‡Ü e¨w³ü`q cÖvavb¨ cvq? 1
L. bvU‡Ki j¶¨ me©Kv‡jB `k©KmgvR †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K cÖwg‡Zi cQ‡›`i mvwnZ¨wU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒAbyiv‡Mi wcÖq kvLvwU DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ w`K QvovI AviI A‡bK •ewkó¨c”YÓ©  Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
5| nvmvb mv‡ne †Q‡j‡K Bs‡iwR gva¨g ¯‥z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q †M․i‡ei †kl †bB| KviY wZwb g‡b K‡ib, fvwlK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î Bs‡iwR fvlv AwaK
Kvh©Ki| Ab¨w`‡K Rvgvb mv‡ne †Q‡j‡K evsjv gva¨‡g cov‡‛Qb| wZwb W. gyn¤§` knx`yj Ðvni †h K_vwU‡Z AbycÖvwYZ nb Zv nj ÒgvZv, gvZ…fvlv
I gvZ…fw‚ gi cÖwZ hviv AbyivMnxb Zviv cï we‡kl|Ó
K. †Kvb kv‡¯¿ Kwei †Kv‡bv ivM †bB? 1
L. Ô†`wk fvlv eywS‡Z jjv‡U cy‡i fvM|Õ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki nvmvb mv‡n‡ei gvbwmKZvq Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei AbycÖvwYZ nIqvi welqwU Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi wPš@vaviviB ewntcÖKvkÓwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  210

6| DÏxcK (i) : C` G‡jv, C` G‡jv Pv›`y wgqvi N‡i,

iwOb †cvkvK `vwg Lvevi AvcbR‡bi Z‡i|
cv‡ki N‡i c‡o Av‡Q, iwngywÏi gv,
†c‡Ui ¶zavq †Ku‡` g‡i Zv‡K w`jvg bv|
GB‡Zv †gv‡`i C`!
DÏxcK (ii) : RvwZ-ag©-ivó-b¨vq mKwj †h gvby‡li Z‡i,
gvbyl mevi E‡aŸ© b‡n wKQz Zvnvi Dc‡i|
K. Kvjvcvnv‡oi cÖK…Z bvg Kx? 1
L. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbyl‡K gnxqvb e‡j‡Qb †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Pv›`y wgqvi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ Pwi‡Îi †h mv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nq, Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wØZxq Ask ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ewY©Z Kwei †PZbviB cÖwZ‛Qwe|Ó gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
7| BmgvBj mv‡ne GKRb abvX¨ e¨emvqx| myig¨ AÆvwjKvq evm K‡ib| GKgvÎ Av`‡ii †g‡q Wwji †Kv‡bv B‛Qv wZwb Ac”Y© iv‡Lb bv| nVvr Wwj
Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j wZwb w`‡knviv n‡q c‡ob| †`‡k-we‡`‡k wPwKrmv Kwi‡qI wKQz‡ZB wKQz n‡‛Q bv| †ivMgyw³i Avkvq cÖPzi `vb-LqivZ Kivi
cvkvcvwk m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡Qb, wZwb †hb Wwj‡K `ª‚Z my¯’ K‡i †`b|
K. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq †Q‡ji †KuvPfiv Kx wQj? 1
L. ÒevjvB evjvB, fv‡jv n‡e Rv`y g‡b g‡b Rvj †ev‡b|Ó cO&w³wU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Wwj‡`i Ae¯’vi m‡½ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi i‚M&Y †Q‡jwUi cwiev‡ii †h •emv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki BmgvBj mv‡n‡ei Abyfw‚ Zi gv‡S ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gv‡qi AcZ¨ †ø‡ni w`KwUB †hb cÖKvwkZ|Ó gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY
K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx weRqcyi MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i wbwe©Pv‡i MYnZ¨v ïi‚ K‡i| Pviw`K †_‡K gyûgy©û Mywji AvIqvR †f‡m Avm‡Q| c‡_ c‡_
i‡³i `vM| cÖvY euvPv‡Z AvZw¼Z gvbyl †h †hw`‡K cv‡i QzU‡Q| Gme †`‡L G MÖv‡giB wK‡kvi wecÐe g‡b g‡b wm×vš@ wbj G Ab¨v‡qi wei‚‡×
Zv‡K i‚‡L `uvov‡ZB n‡e| ZvB †`kgvZ…Kvi Wv‡K mvov w`‡q wecÐe hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o|
K. gvwUKvUvi `‡j eyav‡K †K wb‡qwQj? 1
L. Ôb`xi bvg Rqevsjv ev e½eÜy n‡j ¶wZ Kx?Õ †Kb ejv n‡q‡Q? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cvKevwnbxi AvPiY ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb w`KwU‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wK‡kvi wecÐe I Dcb¨v‡mi eyav GKB †cÖiYvq D¾xweZ n‡qwQj|Ó Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY K‡iv| 4
9| 2020 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m 4/5 w`‡bi e¨eav‡b K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m Avµvš@ n‡q 5g †kÖwY co~qv dvwZ‡bi gv-evev Ges e‡ov `yB‡evb g„Zz¨eiY
K‡i| fvM¨µ‡g †eu‡P hvq dvwZb| †Pv‡Li mvg‡b wcÖqRb‡`i gi‡Z †`‡L †m nZwenŸj I †kv‡K g”n¨gvb n‡q c‡o| KLb Kx K‡i wVK-wVKvbv
†bB| †jv‡K e‡j dvwZb cvMj n‡q †M‡Q| †hLv‡b-†mLv‡b ivZ KvUvq| cvov-cÖwZ‡ekx hv †`q Zv †L‡qB †Kv‡bv iK‡g †eu‡P Av‡Q dvwZb|
K. kvwš@ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb †K? 1
L. Ò†jvnvi Uzwc wK gvby‡li gMR LvqÓ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki dvwZ‡bi wbt¯^ nIqvi w`KwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb NUbvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki dvwZb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z †c‡i‡Q wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ Dc¯’vcb
K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
10| Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j KwVb †iv‡M Avµvš@| UvKvi Afv‡e wPwKrmv Kiv‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| GKvš@ wbiƒcvq n‡q wZwb cÖwZ‡ekx abx †RvZ`vi ev`kv
wgqvi kiYvcbœ nb| wZwb UvKv avi w`‡Z ivwR n‡jI kZ© †`b †h, Zvi †Q‡ji mv‡_ Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †g‡qi we‡q w`‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ Avigvb
mv‡n‡ei †g‡q G we‡q‡Z ivwR bq| we‡qi k‡Z© UvKv avi bv †bIqvi welqwU Rvbv‡Z †M‡j ev`kv wgqv e‡jb †h, ÒkZ© QvovB cÖwZ‡ekx wn‡m‡e
Avwg Avcbv‡K avi †`e|Ó
K. †Lv`v Kvi w`‡j i‚nvwb kw³ w`‡q‡Qb? 1
L. ÒGgb †g‡qI KviI †c‡U Rš§vq, RvbZvg bvÓ †Lv‡`Rvi Dw³wUi KviY eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òewncx‡ii g‡ZvB DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv wgqvi †kl ch©š@ †ev‡av`q N‡U‡Q|Ó Dw³wUi †h․w³KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
11| wiwg ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x wn‡m‡e GKwU GbwRI‡Z KvR wb‡q‡Q| Kv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡K †gvUi mvB‡K‡j K‡i MÖv‡gi G cÖvš@ †_‡K I cÖv‡š@ Ny‡i †eov‡Z
nq| ag©xq-†Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥v‡ii Kvi‡Y MÖv‡gi wKQz †jvK e¨vcviwU mnRfv‡e †g‡b †bqwb| Zviv wiwg‡K PvKwi Qvo‡Z Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i, wKš‘
wiwg wKQz‡ZB Zv Ki‡Z ivwR bq| Ggb msKUgq gyn”‡Z© Zvi mvnv‡h¨ GwM‡q Av‡mb GjvKvi †Pqvig¨vb mv‡ne| wZwb H †jvK‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨
e‡jb, Òbvixcyi‚‡li mgwš^Z cÖ‡Póv Qvov Dbœqb m¤¢e bq| Avgv‡`i wPš@v-†PZbvq cwieZ©b Avbv `iKvi|Ó
K. ewncxi Kv‡K cywjk †W‡K Avb‡Z ej‡jv? 1
L. ÔbZzb GK Rxe‡bi ¯^v` †c‡qwQ,Õ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb mv‡n‡ei g‡bvfv‡e ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wiwg Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv DfqB Abgbxq Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix|Óg”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  211

DËigvjv
eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 ¯^cœv mßg †kÖwYi QvÎx| †jLvcovq †hgb fv‡jv †Ljvayjv‡ZI †Zgwb| GRb¨ mncvVxiv ¯^cœv‡K Lye fv‡jvevm‡Zv| GKw`b
¯‥zj †_‡K evwo †divi c‡_ moK `yN©Ubvq GKwU nvZ I GKwU cv nviv‡Z nq Zv‡K| G‡Z ¯^cœv gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡o| mevi mvg‡b
Avm‡Z weeªZ‡eva K‡i| †jLvcov †h Avi n‡e bv †m I Zvi cwievi wbwðZ n‡q hvq| wKš‘ Zvi mncvVxiv mvš@¡bv, mn‡hvwMZv Avi
mvnm w`‡q Zv‡K Avevi †jLvcovi e¨vcv‡i Drmvnx K‡i †Zv‡j| GB ¯^cœvB GKw`b GmGmwm‡Z wRwcG-5 †c‡q ¯‥z‡ji mybvg e„w×
K‡i|
K. myfv RjKzgvix n‡j Kx KiZ? 1
L. ÔAvwg †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Kx †`vl K‡iwQjvg?Õ Dw³wU Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ¯^cœvi gvbwmKfv‡e wech©¯@ n‡q covi w`KwU ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv‡_ Kxfv‡e mv`„k¨c”Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òmyfvi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri gvbwmKZv hw` DÏxc‡Ki mncvVx‡`i g‡Zv n‡Zv, Zvn‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi cwievi‡K G‡Zv
weo¤^bvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡Zv bv|Ó gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h myfv RjKzgvix n‡j Rj †_‡K mv‡ci gv_vi gwY cÖZv‡ci Rb¨ Nv‡U †i‡L w`Z|
i ÔAvwg †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Kx †`vl K‡iwQjvgÕÑDw³wU Øviv myfvi ü`q gg©vnZ nIqvi AvKzwZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
myfv cÖZvc‡K cQ›` KiZ| Zv‡K Avcb K‡i cvIqvi evmbv myfv ü`‡q jvjb KiZ| myfv Zv‡K AwZ AvcbRb g‡b KiZ| wKš‘ GKw`b
Aciv‡nœ myfv b`xi Zx‡i †M‡j cÖZvc Zv‡K Dcnvm K‡i e‡j ÒKx †i my, †Zvi bvwK ei cvIqv †M‡Q, ZzB we‡q Ki‡Z hvw‛Qm? †`wLm
Avgv‡`i fzwjm †b|Ó cÖZv‡ci Ggb K_vi welv³ Zxi myfvi g‡g© G‡m weu‡a| †m cÖZv‡ci Kv‡Q Ggb Dcnvmg”jK iƒp AvPiY cÖZ¨vkv
K‡iwb| ZvB †m gg©we× nwiYxi b¨vq Av‡¶c K‡i e‡j, ÔAvwg †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Kx †`vl K‡iwQjvg|Õ
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔAvwg †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Kx †`vl K‡iwQjvgÕÑDw³wU Øviv myfvi ü`q gg©vnZ nIqvi AvKzwZ‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

j DÏxc‡Ki ¯^cœvi gvbwmKfv‡e wech©¯@ n‡q covi w`KwU ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi gvbwmK `yie¯’vi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv evK&cÖwZeÜx| †m K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ mevB Zv‡K Pigfv‡e Ae‡njv, AeÁv I N„Yvi `„wó‡Z †`‡L| myfvi gv
myfv‡K Zvi M‡f©i Kj¼ g‡b K‡i| myfvi PvicvkUv A‡bK †Qv‡Uv n‡Z _v‡K| cÖwZK‚j cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y myfv AZ¨š@ gvbwmKfv‡e
†f‡O c‡o| gvbwmK wech©q Zv‡K AwZó K‡i †Zv‡j| myfv wb‡R‡K AwZ Zz‛Q I bMY¨ fve‡Z _v‡K| †m gvbwmK Aw¯’iZvi †bwZevPK
cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq| ax‡i ax‡i myfv gvbwmK `yie¯’vi w`‡K avweZ nq| d‡j Zvi †Kv‡bv fv‡M¨vbœqb nqwb|
DÏxc‡Ki ¯^cœv mßg †kÖwYi QvÎx| †m †jLvcov I †Ljvayjvq LyeB cvi`k©x| GKw`b ¯‥zj †_‡K evwo †divi c‡_ moK `yN©Ubvi Ke‡j
c‡o Zv‡K GKwU nvZ I cv nviv‡Z nq| GRb¨ ¯^cœv gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡o| ¯^cœvi †jLvcov eÜ n‡q hv‡e| G welqwU ¯^cœvi cwievi
wbwðZ n‡q hvq| moK `yN©Ubvi ci ¯^cœvi gvbwmK wech©‡qi w`KwU ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi gvbwmK `yie¯’vi mv‡_B mv`„k¨c”Y©| KviY
†cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI `yR‡bi gvbwmK wech©qRwbZ `yie¯’v g”jZ GK I Awfbœ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki ¯^cœvi gvbwmKfv‡e wech©¯@ n‡q covi w`KwU ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi gvbwmK `yie¯’vi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|

k Òmyfvi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri gvbwmKZv hw` DÏxc‡Ki mncvVx‡`i g‡Zv n‡Zv, Zvn‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi cwievi‡K G‡Zv weo¤^bvi wkKvi
n‡Z n‡Zv bv|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv AZ¨š@ fvM¨ weow¤^Z| †m evK&&cwÖ ZeÜx n‡q G c„w_ex‡Z Rš§MÖnY K‡i‡Q| †m K_v ej‡Z bv cvivi Kvi‡Y †KD Zvi
mv‡_ †g‡kwb| mevB Zv‡K Gwo‡q P‡j‡Q| d‡j myfv AZ¨š@ wbtm½ n‡q c‡o| Aejv cÖvYx e¨ZxZ myfvi †Kv‡bv m½x wQj bv| myfv
wbR cwievi †_‡K mgv‡Ri mevi Kv‡QB Ki‚Yvi cvÎx wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| myfv KviI Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv mngwg©Zv cvqwb| myfvi
evK&&cwÖ ZeÜxZvi Rb¨ Zvi cwiev‡i‡KI mgv‡R A‡bK †Qv‡Uv n‡Z n‡q‡Q| myfvi we‡q n‡‛Q bv †`‡L Zvi cwievi‡K GK-N‡i Kivi
KvbvNuylvI †kvbv †M‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki ¯^cœv `yf©vM¨ekZ moK `yN©Ubvq GKwU cv I GKwU nvZ nvwi‡q‡Q| ¯^cœvi Rxe‡b gvbwmK wech©q †b‡g G‡jI Zv wQj mvgwqK|
KviY ¯^cœvi mncvVxiv ¯^cœvi cv‡k G‡m `uvovq| ¯^cœv‡K mvš@¦bv, mn‡hvwMZv I mvnm w`‡q Aby‡cÖiYv RywM‡q‡Q| mncvVx‡`i Aby‡cÖiYvq
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  212

¯^cœv bZzb D`¨‡g Avevi †jLvcovq Mfxi g‡bvwb‡ek `vb K‡i| G ¯^cœvB GmGmwm cix¶vq wRwcG-5 †c‡q ¯‥z‡ji mybvg e„w× K‡i|
¯^cœv Zvi cÖwZeÜKZv‡K Rq Ki‡Z m¶g nq| Avi Zvi G Kv‡R mncvVx‡`i BwZevPK f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, myfvi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri gvbwmKZv †gv‡UI BwZevPK wQj bv| †bwZevPK cÖfv‡e myfvi cwievi A‡bK weo¤^bvi wkKvi
n‡q‡Q| myfvi we‡q n‡‛Q bv †`‡L mgv‡Ri †jv‡Kiv Zv‡`i‡K GK-N‡i Kivi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| eva¨ n‡q myfvi evev evYxKÉ myfv‡K
KjKvZvq wb‡q wM‡q we‡q †`Iqvi wm×vš@ †bq| G‡Z myfvi cwiev‡i Pig weo¤^bv †b‡g Av‡m| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki ¯^cvœ i mncvVxiv ¯^cœvi
cÖwZ mnvbyf‚wZkxj g‡bvfve †cvlY Kivq ¯^cœvi cwiev‡i †Kv‡bv weo¤^bv †b‡g Av‡mwb| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, myfvi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri
gvbwmKZv DÏxc‡Ki mncvVx‡`i g‡Zv n‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi cwievi‡K G‡Zv weo¤^bvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡Zv bv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : myfvi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri gvbwmKZv DÏxc‡Ki mncvVx‡`i g‡Zv bq e‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi cwievi‡K G‡Zv weo¤^bvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  02 †gvwnbx‡`ex Avi •kjevjv `yB evÜex| `yR‡bi †Q‡jB Gevi cÂg †kÖwY‡Z| †gvwnbx‡`ex G eq‡mB Zvi †Q‡j AwgZ‡K
Wv³vi-BwÄwbqvi evwb‡q †dj‡Z Pvb| †Ljvayjv I Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv` ev` w`‡q me mgq †jLvcovi Pv‡c iv‡Lb| G‡Z AwgZ gvbwmKfv‡e
Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o| Aciw`‡K •kjevjv †gvwnbx‡`exi wecixZ| †Q‡ji B‛Qvi wei‚‡× †Kv‡bv KvR K‡ib bv| cvV¨eB‡qi evB‡i †Q‡j †h
eB co‡Z fv‡jvev‡m jvB‡eªwi †_‡K G‡b co‡Z †`b| G‡Z cov‡jLvi cÖwZ †Q‡ji AvMÖn DˇivËi e„w× cvq Ges †m gvbwmKfv‡e
Pv½v n‡q D‡V|
K. ÔKvi`vwbÕ k‡ãi A_© Kx? 1
L. Bs‡iwR mf¨Zvi ms¯“‡k© G‡mI Avgiv †W‡gv‡µwm‡K Kxfv‡e AvqË K‡iwQ? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †gvwnbx‡`exi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb welqwUi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. •kjevjvi gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki cÖZ¨vkvi mwVK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q wK? Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³c”Y© gZvgZ
`vI| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔKvi`vwbÕ k‡ãi A_© evnv`ywi|
i fv‡jv MyYMy‡jv AvqZ¡ bv K‡i Lvivc MyYMy‡jv AvÍmvr Kivi gva¨‡g Bs‡iwR mf¨Zvi ms¯“‡k© G‡mI Avgiv †W‡gv‡µwm‡K AvqZ¡ K‡iwQ|
†W‡gv‡µwmi Myi‚iv †P‡qwQj mevB‡K mgvb Ki‡Z| mevB‡K mgvb Kivi j¶¨ wb‡qB g”jZ †W‡gv‡µwmi D™¢e nq| wKš‘ †W‡gv‡µwmi
Abymvixiv hvi hvi g‡Zv e‡ov n‡Z Pvq| d‡j †W‡gv‡µwmi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ e¨vnZ nq| †W‡gv‡µwmi Abymvixiv Bs‡iwR mf¨Zvi ms¯“‡k©
G‡m Zv‡`i fv‡jv MyYMy‡jv AvqZ¡ bv K‡i Lvivc MyYMy‡jv AvqZ¡ K‡i‡Q| Avi Gi KviY wn‡m‡e cÖvewÜK e‡jb, Ôe¨vwaB msµvgK,
¯^v¯’¨ bq|Ó A_©vr my¯^v¯’¨ KLbI msµwgZ nq bv; eis e¨vwaB msµwgZ nq| ZvB Bs‡iwR mf¨Zvi ms¯“‡k© G‡mI Avgiv †W‡gv‡µwmi
Lvivc w`KMy‡jv AvqZ¡ K‡iwQ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : fv‡jv MyYMy‡jv AvqZ¡ bv K‡i Lvivc MyYMy‡jv AvÍmvr Kivi gva¨‡g Bs‡iwR mf¨Zvi ms¯“‡k© G‡mI Avgiv †W‡gv‡µwm‡K AvqZ¡ K‡iwQ|
j DÏxc‡Ki †gvwnbx‡`exi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi wk¶ve¨e¯’vi ΂wUc”Y© welqwUi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK cÖg_ †P․ayix Avgv‡`i †`‡ki cÖPwjZ wk¶v e¨e¯’vi ΂wUc”Y© w`KwU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| ΂wUc”Y© wk¶ve¨e¯’vi
Kzdj Avgv‡`i mgvR‡K KjywlZ K‡i‡Q| d‡j Zi‚YcÖR‡š§i Ici gvivÍKfv‡e Gi ¶wZKi cÖfve c‡o‡Q| A‡bK AwffveK Zv‡`i
mš@vb‡K cvV¨ewnf”©Z Ab¨vb¨ eB co‡Z †`b bv| wKš‘ cvV¨eB Aa¨qb Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡ib| ¯^v‛Q›`¨fv‡e eB co‡Z Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡ib
bv| d‡j QvÎQvÎxiv cvV¨ewnf‚©Z †Kv‡bv eB co‡Z Pvq bv| ÁvbvR©b †h ïay cvV¨eB‡qi g‡a¨B mxgve× bq GUv Zviv A‡b‡KB Abyaveb
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ Zviv cvV¨eB e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ eB co‡Z AvMÖn‡eva K‡i bv|
DÏxc‡Ki †gvwnbx‡`exi †Q‡j AwgZ cÂg †kÖwY‡Z c‡o| G eq‡mB †gvwnbx‡`ex Zvi †Q‡j‡K Wv³vi-BwÄwbqvi evwb‡q †dj‡Z Pvb|
GRb¨ AwgZ‡K †Ljvayjv I Av‡gv`-cÖ‡gv` ev` w`‡q me mgq †jLvcovi Pv‡c iv‡Lb| G‡Z Awg‡Zi myôz gvbwmK weKvk evavMÖ¯@ nq|
AwgZ gvbwmK Pv‡ci Rb¨ Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o| †gvwnbx‡`ex mš@v‡bi D¾¡j fwel¨r Kvgbv Ki‡Z wM‡q g‡bi ARv‡š@B mš@vb‡K
AÜKv‡ii w`‡K †V‡j w`‡q‡Qb| hv Zi‚Y cÖR‡š§i Rb¨ KLbI BwZevPK Kg©KvÊ n‡Z cv‡i bv| wk¶vc×wZi G ΂wUc”Y© w`KwU cÖvewÜK
Zvi ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi g‡a¨ D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki †gvwnbx‡`exi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi wk¶ve¨e¯’vi
΂wUc”Y© welqwUi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †gvwnbx‡`exi Kg©Kv‡Ê ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi wk¶ve¨e¯’vi ΂wUc”Y© welqwUi QvqvcvZ j¶ Kiv hvq|
k •kjevjvi gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki cÖZ¨vkvi mwVK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi|
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK wewfbœ ai‡bi eB covi Rb¨ mevB‡K D`vË AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb| †gav I gbbkxjZvi myôz weKvk mva‡b eB
covi †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| ïay ¯‥zj-K‡j‡Ri cvV¨eB‡qi g‡a¨B Ávb mxgve× bq| Áv‡bi cwiwa AZ¨š@ e¨vcK I we¯@…Z| Ávb mgy‡`ª
cvwo Rgv‡Z n‡j cvV¨eB‡qi cvkvcvwk Ab¨vb¨ eB co‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ jvB‡eªwi‡Z †h‡Z n‡e| jvB‡eªwi‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi eB _v‡K|
jvB‡eªwi g‡bi nvmcvZvj ¯^iƒc| g‡bi Ávb Z…òv †Kej jvB‡eªwi‡ZB †g‡U| cÖvewÜK cÖg_ †P․ayix Zvi ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi g‡a¨ GKwU
Av‡jvwKZ mgvR Movi `„p cÖZ¨q e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Avi Zv ev¯@evwqZ n‡e eB covi PP©v Ae¨vnZ ivLvi gva¨‡g|
DÏxc‡Ki •kjevjv AZ¨š@ mgvR m‡PZb GKRb bvix| wZwb mßv‡bi g½j Kvgbvi bv‡g mš@vb‡K AwZwi³ gvbwmK Pvc w`‡Z Pvb
bv| cvV¨eB‡qi evB‡i †Q‡j †h eB co‡Z fv‡jvev‡m jvB‡eªwi †_‡K G‡b co‡Z †`b| G‡Z †Q‡ji †jLvcovi cÖwZ AvMÖn DˇivËi e„w×
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  213

cvq| GgbwK Zvi †Q‡j gvbwmKfv‡eI Pv½v n‡q I‡V| DÏxc‡Ki •kjevjv Zvi mš@v‡bi myôz weKvk mva‡b BwZevPK c`‡¶c MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †Rvi K‡i mš@vb‡K wk¶v †Mjv‡Z Pvb bv| KviY wk¶v †Rvi K‡i KvD‡K †Mjv‡bv hvq bv| Zv‡Z wn‡Z wecixZ nIqvi
m¤¢vebvB †ewk _v‡K|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, •kjevjvi gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki cÖZ¨vkvi mwVK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| KviY
ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvewÜK wk¶vi Av‡jv‡Z Av‡jvwKZ n‡q GKwU gbbkxj RvwZ MV‡bi cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb| Avi G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ eB
covi f‚wgKv AZ¨š@ Avek¨K| ïay cvV¨eB bq eis cvV¨ewnf‚©Z eB Aa¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e| DÏxc‡Ki •kjevjv Zvi mš@vb‡K ¯‥z‡ji
cvV¨eB QvovI Ab¨vb¨ eB co‡Z Drmvn `vb K‡i‡Qb| Zvi KvRwUi g‡a¨ ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki cÖZ¨vkvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q
e‡jB Avwg g‡b Kwi|
Dˇii g”jK_v : eB covi cÖwZ Drmvn cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g •kjevjvi gvbwmKZvq ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Üi cÖvew܇Ki cÖZ¨vkvi mwVK cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q|
cÖkœ  03 DÏxcK (i) : i‚cvwj M„n¯’vwji Kv‡R †ek cUz| evwoi m`m¨‡`i cÖ‡qvR‡b hZUzKz KvR Kiv `iKvi Zvi †P‡q †ewkB
K‡i| f`ª I AgvwqK AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ evwoi mevB Zvi cÖwZ mš‘ó|
DÏxcK (ii) : GZ wø» b`x Kvnvi, †Kv_vq Ggb a”gª cvnvo,
†Kv_vq Ggb nwir †¶Î AvKvkZ‡j †g‡k|
Ggb av‡bi Dci †XD †L‡j hvq evZvm Kvnvi †`‡k|
Ggb †`kwU †Kv_vI Luy‡R cv‡e bv‡Kv Zzwg,
I †m mKj †`‡ki ivwb †m †h Avgvi Rš§f‚wg|
K. Kvey‡ji cvwb‡K Kx‡mi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1
L. ÔAí †kv‡K KvZi, AwaK †kv‡K cv_iÕ †jLK †Kb G K_v e‡j‡Qb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxcK (i)Gi i‚cvwji m‡½ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi †h w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©, Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcK (ii)Gi fve †hb Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi GKwU we‡kl •ewk‡ó¨i aviK|Ó gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Kvey‡ji cvwb‡K Mvjv‡bv cv_‡ii mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
i GKR‡bi hv cÖ‡qvRb Zvi Zzjbvq QqMyY Lvevi cwi‡ekb Kivq †jLK Ave`yi ingvb‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i G gš@e¨wU K‡iwQ‡jb|
AvdMvwb¯@v‡b Ae¯’v‡bi mgq Ave`yi ingvb bv‡gi GKRb M„nKg©x †jL‡Ki †`Lfv‡ji `vwq‡Z¡ wQj| †m †mLvbKvi wewPÎ I my¯^v`y
Lvevi ivbœv K‡i LvIqvq| †m †jL‡Ki GKvi Rb¨ A‡bK †ewk Lvevi GKm‡½ cwi‡ekb K‡i| GwU †`‡L †jL‡Ki Ae¯’v ÔAí †kv‡K
KvZi AwaK †kv‡K cv_iÕ nIqvi g‡Zv n‡jv| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, GKR‡bi ivbœv bv K‡i †KD hw` wZb R‡bi ivbœv K‡i, Z‡e Zv‡K agK
†`Iqv hvq, wKš‘ †m hw` Qq R‡bi ivbœv cwi‡ekb K‡iI e‡j, ivbœvN‡i AviI Av‡Q ZLb Avi Kx Kivi _v‡K?
Dˇii g”jK_v : GKR‡bi hv cÖ‡qvRb Zvi Zzjbvq QqMyY Lvevi cwi‡ekb Kivq †jLK Ave`yi ingvb‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i G gš@e¨wU K‡iwQ‡jb|
j DÏxcK (i)Gi i‚cvwji m‡½ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi Kg©wbcyYZv I m`vPvi‡Yi w`KwU mv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi †jLK •mq` gyRZev Avjx PvKwim”‡Î Kveyj hvb| Kvey‡j Zvi ivbœv-evbœvi Rb¨ GKRb eveywP© wb‡qvM Kiv nq| hvi
bvg Ave`yi ingvb| Ave`yi ingvb AZ¨š@ cwikÖgx wQj| †m ivbœv-evbœvmn †jL‡Ki me ai‡bi KvR KiZ| †m ivbœvi Kv‡R Lye `¶
wQj| ivbœvmn M„‡ni hveZxq Kv‡RB Ave`yi ingvb cvi`k©x wQj| Zvi Kg©wbcyYZv mwZ¨B cÖksmbxq| ZvQvov Ave`yi ingv‡bi
AvPvi-AvPiY AZ¨š@ m‡š@vlRbK wQj| m`vPvi‡Yi MyYvewj Zvi Pwi‡Î dz‡U D‡VwQj| †m †jL‡Ki Lye wek¦¯@ f…Z¨ wQj| †m †jLK‡K
Lye m¤§vb I kÖ×vi `„wó‡Z †`LZ| GRb¨ †jLKI Zvi cÖwZ mš‘ó wQj|
DÏxc‡Ki iycvwj M„n cwiPvwiKv wn‡m‡e A‡b¨i evmvq KvR K‡i| †m M„n¯’vwji hveZxq Kv‡R AZ¨š@ cUz| evwoi m`m¨‡`i Rb¨ hZUzKz
KvR Kiv cÖ‡qvRb iycvwj Zvi AwaK †ewk KvR K‡i| GRb¨ evwoi m`m¨iv Zvi cÖwZ AZ¨š@ mš‘ó| ZvQvov iycvwji f`ª I AgvwqK
AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ mevB Zv‡K cQ›` K‡i| ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingvb Zvi †hvM¨Zv w`‡q †jL‡Ki Av¯’v AR©b K‡iwQj| ZvB ejv
hvq, DÏxcK (i)Gi iycvwji m‡½ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi mv`„k¨c”Y© w`KwU n‡jv Kg©wbcyYZv I m`vPviY|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (i)Gi iycvwji m‡½ ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingv‡bi Kg©wbcyYZv I m`vPvi‡Yi w`KwUi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxcK (ii)Gi fve †hb Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi GKwU we‡kl •ewk‡ó¨i aviK|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔcÖevm eÜyÕ M‡íi Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi †ek wKQz •ewkó¨ i‡q‡Q| Zš§‡a¨ †`k‡cÖ‡gi •ewkó¨wU Zv‡K we‡kl •ewk‡ó¨ gwÊZ K‡i‡Q|
Ave`yi ingv‡bi Rš§f‚wg DËi AvdMvwb¯@v‡bi cvbwki cÖ‡`‡k| †mwU g”jZ kxZcÖavb AÂj| kxZKv‡j †mLv‡b GZUv kxZ c‡o †h
Pviw`‡K ei‡di Av¯@iY •Zwi nq| N‡ii †fZ‡i AvOvi R¡vwj‡q ivL‡Z nq| †jL‡Ki wbKU Ggb ¯’vb AcQ›`bxq| wKš‘ Ave`yi
ingv‡bi wbKU Zv AZ¨š@ cQ›`bxq| KviY †mwU Zvi Rš§f‚wg| Rš§f‚wgi AvenvIqv hZB cÖwZK‚j †nvK bv †Kb ZeyI Zv fv‡jv jv‡M|
KviY Rš§f‚wgi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv cÖwZwU gvby‡li ü`‡q we`¨gvb _v‡K| Ave`yi ingvbI †m‡¶‡Î e¨wZµg bq| Zvi ü`q Ry‡o i‡q‡Q
Rš§f‚wgi cÖwZ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv|
DÏxc‡Ki KwZvs‡k Kwei Rš§f‚wgi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmvi ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q| Kwe Zvi Rš§f‚wg‡K Mfxifv‡e fv‡jvev‡mb| fv‡jvevmvi
Abyf‚wZ‡K wZwb Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi g‡a¨ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| G‡`‡ki cÖvK…wZK Abyl½ Kwe‡K gy» K‡i‡Q| wø» b`x, a”gª cvnvo, nwir †¶Î
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  214

Gme `„k¨ Kwei ü`‡q wg‡k Av‡Q| Kwe g‡b K‡ib Ggb `„k¨ c„w_exi Ab¨ K_vI †`L‡Z cvIqv hv‡e bv| G‡`‡ki avb‡L‡Z evZvm G‡m
†XD †L‡j hvq| GRb¨ Kwe e‡j‡Qb, Ggb †`kwU †Kv_vI Lyu‡R cv‡e bv‡Kv Zzwg/mKj †`‡ki ivwb †m †h Avgvi Rš§f‚wg|Ó A_©vr Ggb
†`k Avi †Kv_vI Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv| Kwei Rš§f‚wg mKj †`‡ki ivwb| Mfxi †`k‡cÖ‡g D¾xweZ nIqvi Kvi‡YB Kwe Ggb gš@e¨ K‡i‡Qb|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, DÏxcK (ii)Gi fve †hb Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi GKwU we‡kl •ewk‡ó¨i aviK| KviY Ave`yi
ingvb Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖ‡gi •ewkó¨wU cÖKU AvKv‡i †`Lv w`‡q‡Q| †hgbwU DÏxc‡Ki Kwei g‡a¨I `„k¨gvb| wKš‘ ïay †`k‡cÖ‡gi
•ewkó¨wUi g‡a¨B Ave`yi ingvb PwiÎwU mxgve× bq| Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ wewea •ewkó¨ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e †mMy‡jvi g‡a¨ gvÎ
GKwU •ewkó¨ DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ •ewkó¨My‡jv m¤“”Y© Abycw¯’Z| Kv‡RB DÏxcK (ii)Gi fve †hb Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi
mvgwMÖK •ewkó¨ bq eis GKwU we‡kl •ewk‡ó¨i aviK gvÎ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcK (ii)Gi fve Ave`yi ingvb Pwi‡Îi mvgwMÖK •ewkó¨ bq eis GKwU we‡kl •ewk‡ó¨i aviK gvÎ|
cÖkœ  04 cÖwgZ I AbyivM `yB eÜy| cvV¨eB‡qi cvkvcvwk Zviv mvwnZ¨welqK eB co‡Z LyeB cQ›` K‡i| cÖwgZ M‡`¨ wjwLZ e„nr
cwiwai Kvwnwbwbf©i mvwnZ¨ co‡Z fv‡jvev‡m| Aciw`‡K AbyivM Ava NÈv †_‡K GK NÈvi g‡a¨ c‡o IVv hvq Ggb KvwnwbB co‡Z
¯^v‛Q›`¨‡eva K‡i| mvwn‡Z¨i G kvLvwU Abyiv‡Mi Lye wcÖq|
K. †Kvb ai‡bi cÖe‡Ü e¨w³ü`q cÖvavb¨ cvq? 1
L. bvU‡Ki j¶¨ me©Kv‡jB `k©KmgvR †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K cÖwg‡Zi cQ‡›`i mvwnZ¨wU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi †Kvb kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒAbyiv‡Mi wcÖq kvLvwU DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ w`K QvovI AviI A‡bK •ewkó¨c”Y©Ó Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K
we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h gš§q cÖe‡Ü e¨w³ü`q cÖvavb¨ cvq|
i bvUK `k©K †kÖwYi mvg‡b AwfbxZ nIqvi gva¨‡g mivmwi mgvR‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i e‡jB cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q|
wek¦mvwn‡Z¨i me‡P‡q cÖvPxb mvwnZ¨ n‡jv bvUK| bvUK cÖvPxbKv‡j cy¯@KvKv‡i gyw`ÖZ n‡q N‡i N‡i cwVZ n‡Zv bv| GwU AwfbxZ
n‡Zv| bvU‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ cvVK bq, me©Kv‡jB `k©K mgvR| bvU‡K Awf‡bZv‡`i m‡½ `k©K‡kÖwYi g‡bvfv‡e GKwU mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM
¯’vwcZ nq| `k©K‡kÖwY †h‡nZz mgv‡RiB Ask, ZvB ejv hvq †h, Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g `k©‡Ki g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i bvUK mgvR‡K
mivmwi cÖfvweZ K‡i| GRb¨B ejv nq, ÒbvU‡Ki j¶¨ me©Kv‡jB `k©K-mgvR|Ó
Dˇii g”jK_v : bvUK `k©K‡kÖwYi mvg‡b AwfbxZ nIqvi gva¨‡g mivmwi mgvR‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i e‡jB cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q |
j DÏxc‡K cÖwg‡Zi cQ‡›`i mvwnZ¨wU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Dcb¨vm kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Ü mvwn‡Z¨i wewfbœ kvLv-cÖkvLvi g‡a¨ Dcb¨vm Ab¨Zg| cvVK mgv‡R Dcb¨vmB me©vwaK eûj cwVZ I
RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l©| Dcb¨v‡m †Kv‡bv GKwU Kvwnwb ewY©Z nq wek` AvKv‡i| Kvwnwb ewY©Z nq M`¨ fvlvq| Dcb¨v‡mi cÖavb DcRxe¨ n‡jv
cÐU| cЇUi Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ Pwi‡Îi mgš^‡q Kvwnwbi aviv AvewZ©Z nq| Dcb¨vm gvbeRxe‡bi GK mymse× wkíxZ iƒc| G‡Z †`k,
RvwZ, mgvR, gvby‡li Rxeb ev¯@eZvi GKwU mvgwMÖK iƒc dz‡U I‡V| hv ev¯@e A_P gvqvex e‡Y© iwÄZ| hv Kíbv I gvqv n‡qI GK
msnZ I mymsMwVZ mZ¨| Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ Rxeb-ev¯@eZv I mvwn‡Z¨i im wbweofv‡e ü`q w`‡q Dcjwä Kiv hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki cÖwgZ †h mvwnZ¨wU cQ›` K‡i Zv n‡jv Dcb¨vm| mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi g‡a¨ †m Dcb¨vm‡KB †e‡Q wb‡q‡Q| KviY †m M‡`¨
wjwLZ e„nr cwiwai Kvwnwbwbf©i mvwnZ¨ co‡Z AvMÖnx| Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B †kl nq Ggb mvwnÎ Zv‡K AvK…ó K‡iwb| †m `xN© mgq a‡i
ax‡i ax‡i mvwn‡Z¨i im Av¯^v`b Ki‡Z Pvq| GRb¨B Dcb¨vm Zvi GZ cQ›`| Zvi cQ‡›`i welqwU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi
Dcb¨vm kvLv‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i| KviY Dcb¨vm M`¨-fvlvq wjwLZ e„nr cwim‡ii Kvwnwb msewjZ mvwnZ¨| hv cvVK ü`q‡K AvK…ó K‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki cÖwgZ‡KI AvK…ó K‡i‡Q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡K cÖwg‡Zi cQ‡›`i mvwnZ¨wU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi
Dcb¨vm kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K cÖwg‡Zi cQ‡›`i mvwnZ¨wU Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Dcb¨vm kvLv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
k ÒAbyiv‡Mi wcÖq kvLvwU DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ w`K QvovI AviI A‡bK •ewkó¨c”Y©ÓÑ Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi Av‡jv‡K
gš@e¨wU‡K h_v_© ejv hvq|
Ômvwn‡Z¨i iƒc I ixwZÕ cÖe‡Üi GKwU Ab¨Zg Myi‚Z¡c”Y© kvLv n‡jv †Qv‡UvMí| †Qv‡UvM‡íi g‡a¨ †Qv‡Uv cwim‡i Kvwnwb ewY©Z nq| e„nr
`„wófw½ cwinvi K‡i Rxe‡bi LwÊZ iƒc‡K †Qv‡UvM‡íi g‡a¨ iƒc`vb Kiv nq| †Qv‡UvM‡íi cwiwa †Qv‡Uv nIqvq Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B Zv
c‡o †kl Kiv hvq| †Qv‡UvM‡íi g‡a¨ NUbvi †Kv‡bv NbNUv _v‡K bv| GgbwK †Kv‡bv ZË¡ ev Dc‡`kg”jK †Kv‡bv K_vI _v‡K bv|
†Qv‡UvM‡íi Avi¤¢Uv nq A‡bKUv bvUKxqfv‡e| Gi mgvwßI N‡U bvUKxq Kvq`vq| †Qv‡UvMí †kl n‡qI †hb g‡b nq †kl nqwb|
cvVK ü`‡q GKwU AvKv¸¶v †_‡KB hvq|
DÏxc‡Ki AbyivM mvwn‡Z¨i †h kvLvwU cQ›` K‡i Zv n‡jv †Qv‡UvMí| †Qv‡UvMí AvaNÈv †_‡K GK NÈvi g‡a¨ c‡o †kl Kiv hvq|
KviY †Qv‡UvM‡í Kvwnwbi we¯@…wZ _v‡K bv| Rxe‡bi LwÊZ GKwU iƒc †Qv‡UvM‡í Zz‡j aiv nq| AwZiwÄZ †Kv‡bv welq I e¨w³MZ
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  215

Rxebvbyf‚wZ †Qv‡UvM‡í ¯’vb cvq bv| Kvwnwbi g”j welqwU‡K AZ¨š@ `¶Zvi mv‡_ cÖvYeš@iƒ‡c †Qv‡UvM‡í eY©bv Ki‡Z nq| Kvwnwbi
†cÖ¶vcU I cvwicvwk¦©K cwi‡e‡ki weeiY †Qv‡UvM‡í Gwo‡q †h‡Z nq| †KejgvÎ M‡íi g”j wbh©vmUzKzB †Qv‡UvM‡í dz‡U I‡V|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Abyiv‡Mi wcÖq kvLvwU DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ w`K QvovI Av‡iv A‡bK •ewkó¨c”Y©| DÏxc‡K †Kej AvaNÈv
†_‡K GK NÈvi g‡a¨ c‡o †kl Kiv hvq G •ewkó¨wUi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GwU e¨ZxZ †Qv‡UvM‡íi AviI A‡bK •ewkó¨ i‡q‡Q|
†hgb Kvwnwb‡Z mnmª NUbv _vK‡jI †Kej GKwU w`K †Qv‡UvM‡í ¯’vb cvq| †Qv‡UvM‡í †Kv‡bv ZË¡K_v ev Dc‡`kvewj _v‡K bv|
†Qv‡UvMí cvV Kivi c‡iI Aš@‡i AZ…wß i‡q hvq| †hb g‡b nq MíwU †kl n‡qI †kl n‡jv bv| ZvQvov †Qv‡UvM‡íi ïi‚ I †kl nq
bvUKxqfv‡e| Gme •ewkó¨ DÏxc‡K dz‡U D‡Vwb| myZivs DÏxc‡Ki DwjÐwLZ GKwU w`K QvovI †Qv‡UvMí AviI A‡bK •ewkó¨c”Y©
e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ GKwU w`K QvovI †Qv‡UvM‡íi AviI A‡bK •ewkó¨ i‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ  05 nvmvb mv‡ne †Q‡j‡K Bs‡iwR gva¨g ¯‥z‡j fwZ© Kwi‡q †M․i‡ei †kl †bB| KviY wZwb g‡b K‡ib, fvwlK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î
Bs‡iwR fvlv AwaK Kvh©Ki| Ab¨w`‡K Rvgvb mv‡ne †Q‡j‡K evsjv gva¨‡g cov‡‛Qb| wZwb W. gyn¤§` knx`yjÐvni †h K_vwU‡Z AbycÖvwYZ
nb Zv nj ÒgvZv, gvZ…fvlv I gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ hviv AbyivMnxb Zviv cï we‡kl|Ó
K. †Kvb kv‡¯¿ Kwei †Kv‡bv ivM †bB? 1
L. Ô†`wk fvlv eywS‡Z jjv‡U cy‡i fvM|Õ eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki nvmvb mv‡n‡ei gvbwmKZvq Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei AbycÖvwYZ nIqvi welqwU Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi wPš@vaviviB ewntcÖKvkÓwe‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Aviwe-dviwm kv‡¯¿ Kwei †Kv‡bv ivM †bB|
i Ô†`kx fv‡l eywS‡Z jjv‡U cy‡i fvMÕ ej‡Z wbR †`‡ki fvlvq fvM¨ mycÖmbœ nIqvi welqwU †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
m‡Z‡iv kZ‡K wb‡Ri †`‡ki fvlv I ms¯‥…wZi cÖwZ GK‡kÖwYi Kzms¯‥viv‛Qbœ I DbœvwmK gvbyl AeÁv †cvlY KiZ| Zviv Aviwe-dviwm
fvlv I ms¯‥…wZ‡K AwaK MyiyZ¡ w`‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| ¯^‡`‡k †_‡K hviv ¯^‡`‡ki fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁv K‡i Zviv g”jZ wkKonxb ciMvQvi
g‡Zv| g”jZ wbR †`‡ki I fvlvi cÖwZ kÖ×v‡eva I wbR fvlv PP©vi Myi‚Z¡ †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ Kwe GK_v e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ hv‡`i kÖ×v I fw³ †bB Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ K‡iB †`k‡cÖwgK Kwe Ave`yj nvwKg D³ PiYwU cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡Ki nvmvb mv‡n‡ei gvbwmKZvq Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ Ave`yj nvwK‡gi Mfxi AbyivM j¶ Kiv hvq| Kwe gvZ…fvlv‡K AZ¨š@ fv‡jvev‡mb| Z‡e Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
fvlv‡K wZwb N„Yv K‡ib bv| Aviwe-dviwm ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv fvlvi cÖwZ Zvi †Kv‡bv wnsmv †bB| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †`‡k KwZcq e¨w³eM©
gvZ…fvlv‡K AeÁv K‡i Ab¨ fvlvi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv cÖ`k©b K‡i| Kwe Zv‡`i‡K †gv‡UI cQ›` K‡ib bv| Kwe Zv‡`i‡K wbR †`k †Q‡o
Ab¨Î P‡j †h‡Z civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| GgbwK Kwe Zv‡`i cÖwZ Zxeª †¶vf cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i Rš§cwiPq wb‡qI Kwe h‡_ó m‡›`nvb|
DÏxc‡Ki nvmvb mv‡ne Zvi †Q‡j‡K Bs‡iwR gva¨g ¯‥z‡j fwZ© K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ Zvi M‡e©i †Kv‡bv †kl †bB| wZwb g‡b K‡ib fvwlK
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î Bs‡iwR fvlv AwaK Kvh©Kix| GRb¨ wZwb †Q‡j‡K evsjv fvlv †kLvb bv| evOvwj n‡qI evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ Zvi †Kv‡bv
fv‡jvevmv †bB| KviY wZwb evsjv fvlv cQ›` K‡ib bv| evsjv fvlv Zvi g‡b †Kv‡bv cÖfve we¯@vi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| d‡j nvmvb mv‡n‡ei
g‡b evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ †Kv‡bv kÖ×v‡eva †bB| wZwb Bs‡iwR fvlv‡KB me‡P‡q cÖvavb¨ †`b| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki nvmvb
mv‡n‡ei gvbwmKZvq Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki nvmvb mv‡n‡ei gvbwmKZvq Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ AeÁvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei AbycÖvwYZ nIqvi welqwU Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi wPš@vaviviB ewntcÖKvk|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ Mfxi ggZ¡‡eva cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Ab¨ †Kv‡bv fvlvi cÖwZ Kwei †Kv‡bv
we‡Øl †bB| wZwb gvZ…fvlv evsjvi cvkvcvwk Ab¨ †h-†Kv‡bv fvlv PP©v Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv AvcwË K‡ibwb| Z‡e G‡`‡k Rš§MÖnY Kivi c‡iI
A‡b‡K evsjv fvlv‡K Pigfv‡e AeÁv K‡i _v‡K| Kwe Zv‡`i‡K †`k Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨Î P‡j hvIqvi civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| hviv gvZ…fvlv‡K
cQ›` K‡i bv Kwe Zv‡`i Rš§cwiPq wb‡q m‡›`n †cvlY K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡`i G‡`‡k emevm Kivi †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †bB| me©cwi Kwe Ave`yj
nvwKg gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ mevB‡K D`vË AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki Rvgvb mv‡ne AZ¨š@ m‡PZb gvbyl| wZwb gvZ…fvlv‡K Mfxifv‡e fv‡jvev‡mb| wZwb Pvb Zvi mš@vb †hb evsjv fvlv myôzfv‡e
PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡i| GRb¨ wZwb †Q‡j‡K evsjv gva¨‡g cov‡‛Qb| wZwb evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨Zg cy‡ivav e¨w³Z¡ W. gyn¤§`
knx`yjÐvni GKwU K_vq AbycÖvwYZ n‡q‡Qb| W. gyn¤§` knx`yjÐvn e‡j‡Qb ÒgvZv, gvZ…fvlv I gvZ…f‚wgi cÖwZ hviv AbyivMnxb Zviv
cïwe‡kl|Ó gv‡qi gy‡Li gayi fvlvB gvZ…fvlv| ZvB gv‡qi g‡ZvB gvZ…fvlv‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z n‡e|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  216

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Rvgvb mv‡ne W. gyn¤§` knx`yjÐvni GKwU Dw³‡Z we‡klfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ n‡q‡Qb|
Zvi AbycÖvwYZ nIqvi welqwU Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi wPš@vaviviB ewntcÖKvk gvÎ| KviY D³ Dw³‡Z gvZ…fvlv‡K fv‡jvevmvi K_v ejv
n‡q‡Q| Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvi Kwe Ave`yj nvwKgI GKB K_v e‡j‡Qb| Kwe gvZ…fvlv evsjv‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z e‡j‡Qb| DÏxc‡Ki Rvgvb
mv‡ne gvZ…fvlv‡K fv‡jv‡e‡mB AbycÖvwYZ n‡q‡Qb| ZvB Avgiv wØavnxb wP‡Ë ej‡Z cvwi, ÒDÏxc‡Ki Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei AbycÖvwYZ nIqvi
welqwU Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi wPš@vaviviB ewntcÖKvk|Ó
Dˇii g”jK_v : gvZ…fvlvi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡ev‡ai w`K w`‡q DÏxc‡Ki Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei AbycÖvwYZ nIqvi welqwU Kwe Ave`yj nvwK‡gi wPš@vaviviB
ewntcÖKvk gvÎ|
cÖkœ  06 DÏxcK (i) : C` G‡jv, C` G‡jv Pv›`y wgqvi N‡i,
iwOb †cvkvK `vwg Lvevi AvcbR‡bi Z‡i|
cv‡ki N‡i c‡o Av‡Q, iwngywÏi gv,
†c‡Ui ¶zavq †Ku‡` g‡i Zv‡K w`jvg bv|
GB‡Zv †gv‡`i C`!
DÏxcK (ii) : RvwZ-ag©-ivó-b¨vq mKwj †h gvby‡li Z‡i,
gvbyl mevi E‡aŸ© b‡n wKQz Zvnvi Dc‡i|
K. Kvjvcvnv‡oi cÖK…Z bvg Kx? 1
L. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbyl‡K gnxqvb e‡j‡Qb †Kb? eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Pv›`y wgqvi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ Pwi‡Îi †h mv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nq, Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wØZxq Ask ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ewY©Z Kwei †PZbviB cÖwZ‛Qwe|Ó gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h Kvjvcvnv‡oi cÖK…Z bvg ivRP›`ª ev ivRK…ò ev ivR-bvivqY|
i gvbyl n‡‛Q m„wói †miv Rxe, ZvB gvbyl gnvb Ges gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQy †bB|
gvby‡li b¨vq-Ab¨vq †eva Av‡Q| gvbyl we‡eK-eyw×m¤“bœ| PÊx`vm e‡j‡Qb, Ô†kv‡bv †n gvbyl fvB, mevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨ Zvnvi Dc‡i bvB|Õ
gvby‡li †mev Kivi A_©B n‡‛Q mªóvi †mev Kiv| gvbyl Zvi cweÎ ü`‡q mªóvi Dcjwä K‡ib, ZvB gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov I gnvb wKQyB †bB|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gvbyl m„wói †kªô Rxe, ZvB gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQy †bB|
j DÏxc‡Ki Pv›`y wgqvi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ Pwi‡Îi a‡g©i Avei‡Y ¯^v_©ciZvi mv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nq|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq a‡g©i †jevmavix ¯^v_©ci †kÖwYi gvby‡li •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Zviv a‡g©i †`vnvB w`‡q g”jZ e¨w³¯^v_© nvwmj Ki‡Z Pvq|
Giv n‡jv †gvjÐv I cy‡ivwnZ| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q ¶zavZ© gvbyl Lvev‡ii Rb¨ †M‡j Zviv Zv‡K Acgvb K‡i Zvwo‡q †`q| KviY Zviv avwg©K
bq| Zviv Pig †avKvevR cÖK…wZi †jvK| mgv‡Ri Amnvq gvby‡li cv‡k Zviv `uvovq bv| wbibœ gvby‡li gy‡L GKgy‡Vv Abœ Zz‡j †`q bv|
Zviv †Kej e¨w³¯^v_© PwiPv_© Ki‡ZB m`v gkMyj _v‡K| Gme ag© e¨emvqx‡`i gy‡Lvk Dš§wPZ n‡q‡Q ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k ejv n‡q‡Q, Pv›`y wgqvi N‡i C` G‡m‡Q| C‡`i Lywk‡Z Zvi cwiev‡i iwOb †cvkvK Avi gRv`vi Lvev‡ii e¨e¯’v
Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_P Zvi cv‡kB i‡q‡Q iwngywÏi gv| †m †c‡Ui ¶zavq KvbœvKvwU Ki‡jI Zv‡K †Kv‡bv Lvevi †`qwb| Pv›`y wgqv AZ¨š@
AgvbweK KvR K‡i‡Q| ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq †gvjÐv- cy‡ivwnZ †kÖwYi †jv‡KivI †Kv‡bv Amnvq ¶zavZ©‡K Lvevi †`b bv| Kv‡RB †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ
I Pv›`y wgqv g”jZ GKB †kÖwYi myweavev`x †jvK| Zv‡`i Pwi‡Î avwg©KZvi †Kv‡bv MyY †bB| KviY Zviv ¯^v_©ci †jvK| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z
cvwi, DÏxc‡Ki Pv›`y wgqvi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ Pwi‡Îi ¯^v_©ciZvi mv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Pv›`y wgqvi mv‡_ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †gvjÐv-cy‡ivwnZ Pwi‡Îi a‡g©i Avei‡Y ¯^v_©ciZvi mv`„k¨ cwijw¶Z nq|
k ÒDÏxc‡Ki wØZxq Ask ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ewY©Z Kwe †PZbviB cÖwZ‛Qwe|Ó Ñgš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe gvbyl‡K me©v‡MÖ ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQz G c„w_ex‡Z †bB| gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨B a‡g©i wbqg-bxwZ
cÖewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li Rb¨B ag©, a‡g©i Rb¨ gvbyl bq| gvbyl wec‡`i w`‡b Amnvq gvby‡li cv‡k `uvov‡e GUvB gvbeZvi ag©| GKRb ¶zavZ©‡K
Abœ`vb Kivi gva¨‡gB a‡g©i c”Y©Zv Av‡m| KviY gvbyl gvby‡li Rb¨ Avi Rxeb Rxe‡bi Rb¨| g”jZ GwUB c„w_exi mKj a‡g©i g”jK_v|
DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq As‡k gvby‡li RqMvb MvIqv n‡q‡Q| RvwZ, ag©, ivóª GKK_vq mewKQzi E‡aŸ© gvby‡li gh©v`v| gvbylB me‡P‡q e‡ov|
gvby‡li †P‡q gnxqvb Avi wKQzB †bB| KviY gvbyl m„wói †kÖô Rxe| gvby‡li g‡a¨ gvbeZv i‡q‡Q| gvby‡li we‡eK‡eva gvbyl‡K
b¨vq-Ab¨vq †_‡K i¶v K‡i| gvby‡li we‡e‡Ki †P‡q e‡ov Av`vjZ Avi wKQz †bB| KviY we‡e‡Ki Zvobvq gvbyl gbyl¨Z¡‡ev‡a D¾xweZ
nq| GRb¨B DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq As‡k gvby‡li e›`bv MvIqv n‡q‡Q|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq As‡k ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwe †PZbviB cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| KviY ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe gvby‡li MyYKxZ©b
K‡i‡Qb| gvbylB mewKQzi E‡aŸ©| c„w_exi hZ wbqg-k„¸Ljv I ag©xq wewa-wb‡la Zv †Kej gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨| RvwZ, ag©, ivóª
mewKQzB gvby‡li Rb¨| hw` gvby‡li Aw¯@Z¡ bv _v‡K Z‡e Gme wKQzB A_©nxb| ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe G mZ¨wU‡KB Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki g‡a¨I GKB K_vi cÖwZaŸwb i‡q‡Q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, ÒDÏxc‡Ki wØZxq Ask ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq ewY©Z Kwe †PZbviB cÖwZ‛Qwe|Ó
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq Ask †hb ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwe †PZbviB cÖwZ‛Qwe gvÎ|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  217

cÖkœ  07 BmgvBj mv‡ne GKRb abvX¨ e¨emvqx| myig¨ AÆvwjKvq evm K‡ib| GKgvÎ Av`‡ii †g‡q Wwji †Kv‡bv B‛Qv wZwb Ac”Y©
iv‡Lb bv| nVvr Wwj Amy¯’ n‡q co‡j wZwb w`‡knviv n‡q c‡ob| †`‡k-we‡`‡k wPwKrmv Kwi‡qI wKQz‡ZB wKQz n‡‛Q bv| †ivMgyw³i
Avkvq cÖPzi `vb-LqivZ Kivi cvkvcvwk m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡Qb, wZwb †hb Wwj‡K `ª‚Z my¯’ K‡i †`b|
K. ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq †Q‡ji †KuvPfiv Kx wQj? 1
L. ÒevjvB evjvB, fv‡jv n‡e Rv`y g‡b g‡b Rvj †ev‡b|Ó cO&w³wU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Wwj‡`i Ae¯’vi m‡½ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi i‚M&Y †Q‡jwUi cwiev‡ii †h •emv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv hvq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki BmgvBj mv‡n‡ei Abyf‚wZi gv‡S ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gv‡qi AcZ¨ †ø‡ni w`KwUB †hb cÖKvwkZ|Ó gš@e¨wU
we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq †Q‡ji †KuvPfiv †e_yj wQj|
i ÒevjvB evjvB fv‡jv n‡e Rv`y g‡b g‡b Rvj †ev‡bÓÑ cO&w³wU‡Z mš@vb‡K my¯’ nIqvi Avk¦vm †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq cwjÐi GK `ywLbx gv‡qi Amy¯’ mš@vb fxlY †iv‡M Avµvš@ n‡q‡Q| Amy¯’ mš@vb‡K wPwKrmv Kivi mvg_©¨ Zvi
†bB| Amy¯’ mš@vbwU †iv‡M KvZi n‡q QUdU Ki‡Z _v‡K| GgZve¯’vq gv Zv‡K Av`i K‡i Avk¦¯@ K‡i †h, Zzwg fv‡jv n‡q hv‡e
Rv`y| A_©vr Zvi †Q‡j my¯’ n‡q hv‡e GgbwU gv cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib| g‡b g‡b KZ ¯^‡cœi Rvj †evb‡Z _v‡Kb| Av‡jvP¨ cO&w³wU‡Z gv Zvi
mš@vb‡K mvš@¦bv †`Iqvi Rb¨B Giƒc K_v e‡j‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÒevjvB evjvB fv‡jv n‡e Rv`y g‡b g‡b Rvj †ev‡bÓÑ cO&w³wU‡Z mš@vb‡K my¯’ nIqvi Avk¦vm †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki Wwj‡`i Ae¯’vi m‡½ ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi iyM&Y †Q‡jwUi cwiev‡ii Avw_©K A¯^‛QjZvi •emv`„k¨ j¶ Kiv hvq|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq i‚M&Y †Q‡jwUi cwievi AZ¨š@ Amnvq| `vwi‡`ª¨i KlvNv‡Z Zv‡`i Rxeb RR©wiZ| `ytwLbx gv Zvi mš@v‡bi wPwKrmv
Kiv‡Z cv‡iwb| Amy¯’ †Q‡ji Ilya wKb‡Z cv‡iwb| Zvi my¯’Zvi Rb¨ AvjÐvni Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb| AvjÐvn †hb Zvi mš@vb‡K my¯’Zv
`vb K‡ib| mš@vb‡K mywPwKrmv w`‡Z bv cvivq ggZvgqx gv‡qi ü`q `yt‡L fvivµvš@ n‡q‡Q| gv‡qi g‡b wewfbœ ai‡bi k¼v †R‡M
D‡V‡Q| mš@vb Av‡`․ euvP‡e wK bv G `ywðš@v gv-†K Aw¯’i K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq GKRb gv `vwi`ª¨Zvi Kvi‡Y i‚M&Y †Q‡ji
wPwKrmv Kiv‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki BmgvBj mv‡ne GKRb abvX¨ e¨emvqx| myig¨ AUªvwjKvq evm K‡ib| Zvi cwiev‡i †Kv‡bv Afve-AbUb †bB| `vwi`ª¨ Kx
wRwbm Zv wZwb Rv‡bb bv| Zvi GKgvÎ Av`‡ii †g‡q Wwj nVvr Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o| Wwj Amy¯’ n‡j BmgvBj mv‡ne w`‡knviv n‡q
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 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  218

cÖkœ  08 cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx weRqcyi MÖv‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i wbwe©Pv‡i MYnZ¨v ïi‚ K‡i| Pviw`K †_‡K gyûgy©û Mywji AvIqvR †f‡m
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N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wK‡kvi wecÐe I Dcb¨v‡mi eyav GKB †cÖiYvq D¾xweZ n‡qwQj|Ó Dw³wUi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY K‡iv| 4
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j DÏxc‡Ki cvKevwnbxi AvPiY ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi b„ksm nZ¨vKvʇK ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q|
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cÖkœ  09 2020 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m 4/5 w`‡bi e¨eav‡b K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m Avµvš@ n‡q 5g †kÖwY co~qv dvwZ‡bi gv-evev Ges e‡ov
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 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  219

K. kvwš@ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb †K? 1

L. Ò†jvnvi Uzwc wK gvby‡li gMR LvqÓ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
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N. DÏxc‡Ki dvwZb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z †c‡i‡Q wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³
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KviY eyav I dvwZ‡bi g‡a¨ †Kej GwZg nIqvi NUbvi wgj i‡q‡Q| GQvov Ab¨ wKQzi wgj †bB| eyav GwZg nIqvi ci cvKnvbv`vi
evwnbxi wei‚‡× cÖwZ‡kvacivqY n‡q I‡V| †m eq‡m wK‡kvi n‡jI gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡q A‡bK e‡ov Awfhv‡b Ask †bq| †m AZ¨š@
mvnmx I `”i`k©x| Zvi mvnwmKZvq gyw³evwnbxi KgvÛvi kvnveywÏb gy» nq| Gme w`K DÏxc‡Ki dvwZ‡bi g‡a¨ Abycw¯’Z| ZvB
GK_v m‡›`nvZxZfv‡eB cÖZxqgvb nq †h, DÏxc‡Ki dvwZb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : mvwe©K MyYvewji AwaKvix bv nIqvq DÏxc‡Ki dvwZb ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Îi mv_©K cÖwZwbwa n‡q DV‡Z cv‡iwb|
cÖkœ  10 Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j KwVb †iv‡M Avµvš@| UvKvi Afv‡e wPwKrmv Kiv‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| GKvš@ wbiƒcvq n‡q wZwb cÖwZ‡ekx
abx †RvZ`vi ev`kv wgqvi kiYvcbœ nb| wZwb UvKv avi w`‡Z ivwR n‡jI kZ© †`b †h, Zvi †Q‡ji mv‡_ Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †g‡qi we‡q
w`‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †g‡q G we‡q‡Z ivwR bq| we‡qi k‡Z© UvKv avi bv †bIqvi welqwU Rvbv‡Z †M‡j ev`kv wgqv e‡jb
†h, ÒkZ© QvovB cÖwZ‡ekx wn‡m‡e Avwg Avcbv‡K avi †`e|Ó
K. †Lv`v Kvi w`‡j i‚nvwb kw³ w`‡q‡Qb? 1
L. ÒGgb †g‡qI KviI †c‡U Rš§vq, RvbZvg bvÓ †Lv‡`Rvi Dw³wUi KviY eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. Òewncx‡ii g‡ZvB DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv wgqvi †kl ch©š@ †ev‡av`q N‡U‡Q|Ó Dw³wUi †h․w³KZv wePvi K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  220

10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

h †Lv`v ewncx‡ii w`‡j i‚nvwb kw³ w`‡q‡Qb|
i Kzms¯‥viv‛Qbœ mgv‡R Zv‡niv e„‡×i m‡½ we‡q‡Z m¤§Z bv n‡q cvwj‡q Rwg`v‡ii ¯¿x †Lv‡`Rvi Kv‡Q AvkÖq cvq| †Lv‡`Rv
Zv‡nivi mvnm †`‡L Dchy©³ Dw³wU K‡ib|
we‡q‡Z cyi‚‡li g‡Zv bvixiI gZvg‡Zi e¨vcvi _v‡K, †h Kvi‡Y e„× cx‡ii m‡½ ¯¿x wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb Zv‡niv| ZvB
we‡qi iv‡ZB †m cvwj‡q hvq| gvZ…myjf †ønvbyf‚wZ wb‡q cvwj‡q Avmv Zv‡niv‡K wb‡R‡`i eRivq AvkÖq †`q Rwg`vi cZœx †Lv‡`Rv|
we‡qi iv‡Z Ni †Q‡o cvwj‡q Avmv Zv‡nivi mvnm †`‡L Rwg`vi wMwbœ †Lv‡`Rv fr©mbv K‡i cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU K‡ib|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Dw³wU Øviv Zv‡nivi we‡`ªvnx I ¯^vaxb‡PZv bvixmËvi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj GKRb ¶wqòz Rwg`vi| Zvi Rwg`vwi G‡Kev‡i †kl ch©v‡q G‡m †cu․‡Q‡Q| KviY LvRbvi UvKv cwi‡kva
Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j Zvi GZw`‡bi Rwg`vwi wbjv‡g DV‡e| GRb¨ nv‡Zg Avwj Zvi eÜy Av‡bvqv‡ii wbKU UvKv avi †bIqvi Rb¨ wPwKrmvi
ARynv‡Z kn‡i hvb| wKš‘ Zvi eÜyi wbKU †_‡K UvKv avi cvbwb| ZvB AZ¨š@ wbivk n‡q wd‡i Av‡mb| nv‡Zg Avwji eRivq
Ae¯’vbiZ ewncxi kZ© mv‡c‡¶ UvKv avi w`‡Z Pvb| Z‡e kZ© †`b †hb Zv‡niv‡K Zvi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`Iqv nq| nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡nivi
fwel¨r wPš@v K‡i kZ© mv‡c‡¶ UvKv wb‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Ávcb K‡ib|
DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j KwVb †iv‡M Avµvš@| UvKvi Afv‡e wZwb †Q‡ji wPwKrmv Kiv‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| GRb¨ cÖwZ‡ekx
†RvZ`vi ev`kv wgqvi Kv‡Q UvKv avi Pvb| ev`kv wgqv UvKv avi w`‡Z ivwR nb Z‡e kZ© wn‡m‡e Zvi †Q‡ji mv‡_ Avigvb mv‡n‡ei
†g‡qi we‡q w`‡Z Pvb| wKš‘ Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †g‡q Giƒc k‡Z© we‡q Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| d‡j Zvi mv‡_ ev`kv wgqvi †Q‡ji we‡q
†f‡O hvq| Avigvb mv‡ne Zvi †g‡qi Ag‡Zi welqwU ev`kv wgqv‡K AewnZ K‡ib| wZwb UvKv avi †bIqvi Rb¨ kZ© wn‡m‡e †g‡qi
we‡q w`‡Z wØgZ †cvlY K‡ib| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡Zg Avwj Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k Òewncx‡ii g‡ZvB DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv wgqvi †kl ch©š@ †ev‡av`q N‡U‡Q|ÓÑ Dw³wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †K›`ªxq PwiÎ ewncxi| Zv‡K †K›`ª K‡iB cy‡iv bvU‡Ki Kvwnwb AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| ewncxi AZ¨š@ weP¶Y cÖK…wZi †jvK|
Z‡e wZwb e¨w³¯^v_©‡K me©v‡MÖ AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Qb| a‡g©i †jevm a‡i Aa‡g©i KvR wZwb K‡i P‡j‡Qb| Zv‡niv‡K Zvi Ag‡ZB †Rvic”e©K
we‡q Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Zv‡niv G we‡q‡Z ivwR nqwb| ZvB †m evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq| NUbvµ‡g Zv‡niv Rwg`v‡ii eRivq
ewncx‡ii gy‡LvgywL nq| wKš‘ Zv‡niv Zvi wm×v‡š@B AUj _v‡K| Rwg`vi cyÎ nv‡kg Avwj Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Kivi †NvlYv †`q| †m
Zv‡niv‡K mv‡_ wb‡q bZzb Rxe‡bi c‡_ cvwo Rgv‡j ewncxi Avi †Kv‡bv evav †`qwb| eis Zv‡`i G wm×vš@‡K wZwb wbwØ©avq †g‡b
†bb|
DÏxc‡Ki Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †Q‡j gvivÍK Amy‡L fzM‡Z _v‡K| †Q‡ji wPwKrmvi Rb¨ wZwb cÖwZ‡ekx †RvZ`vi ev`kv wgqvi Kv‡Q UvKv
avi Pvb| ev`kv wgqv kZ© mv‡c‡¶ UvKv avi w`‡Z Pvb| kZ© wn‡m‡e Zvi †Q‡ji mv‡_ Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †g‡qi we‡q w`‡Z Pvb| wKš‘
Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †g‡q G we‡q‡Z Abxnv cÖKvk K‡i| ZvB Avigvb mv‡ne †g‡qi gZvgZ‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q kZ© mv‡c‡¶ UvKv avi wb‡Z
wØgZ †cvlY K‡ib| ev`kv wgqv mewKQz †kvbvi ci †Kv‡bv cÖKvi kZ© QvovB GKRb cÖwZ‡ekx wn‡m‡e Avigvb mv‡ne‡K UvKv avi w`‡Z Pvb|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv wgqvi †kl ch©š@ ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii g‡ZvB †ev‡av`q N‡U‡Q| ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncxi
Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK K‚U‡K․k‡ji AvkÖq wb‡q‡Qb| Zv‡niv‡K ¯¿x wn‡m‡e cvIqvi Avkvq Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj‡K UvKv avi
w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ †kl ch©š@ kZ© mv‡c‡¶ Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj UvKv avi wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib| A‡bK NUbv NUvi ci nv‡kg Avwj
I Zv‡niv bZzb Rxe‡bi c‡_ cv evov‡j ewncxi Zv †g‡b †bb| KviY †Rvi K‡i me wKQz cvIqv hvq bv| ewncx‡ii g‡Zv DÏxc‡Ki
ev`kv wgqvI †Rvi K‡i Zvi †Q‡ji mv‡_ Avigvb mv‡n‡ei †g‡qi we‡q †`bwb| eis cÖwZ‡ekx wn‡m‡eB UvKv avi w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| myZivs
cÖ‡kœv³ Dw³wU h_v_© e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ev¯@eZv‡K Mfxifv‡e Dcjwä Kivi gva¨‡g ewncx‡ii g‡ZvB DÏxc‡Ki ev`kv wgqvi †kl ch©š @ †ev‡av`q N‡U‡Q|
cÖkœ  11 wiwg ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x wn‡m‡e GKwU GbwRI‡Z KvR wb‡q‡Q| Kv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡K †gvUi mvB‡K‡j K‡i MÖv‡gi G cÖvš@ †_‡K
I cÖv‡š@ Ny‡i †eov‡Z nq| ag©xq-†Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥v‡ii Kvi‡Y MÖv‡gi wKQz †jvK e¨vcviwU mnRfv‡e †g‡b †bqwb| Zviv wiwg‡K PvKwi
Qvo‡Z Pvc cÖ‡qvM K‡i, wKš‘ wiwg wKQz‡ZB Zv Ki‡Z ivwR bq| Ggb msKUgq gyn ”‡Z© Zvi mvnv‡h¨ GwM‡q Av‡mb GjvKvi †Pqvig¨vb
mv‡ne| wZwb H †jvK‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb, Òbvixcyi‚‡li mgwš^Z cÖ‡Póv Qvov Dbœqb m¤¢e bq| Avgv‡`i wPš@v-†PZbvq cwieZ©b Avbv
`iKvi|Ó
K. ewncxi Kv‡K cywjk †W‡K Avb‡Z ej‡jv? 1
L. ÔbZzb GK Rxe‡bi ¯^v` †c‡qwQ,Õ ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb mv‡n‡ei g‡bvfv‡e ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki wiwg Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv DfqB Abgbxq Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix|Óg”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  221

11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

h ewncxi nwKKzjÐvn‡K cywjk †W‡K Avb‡Z ej‡jv|
i ÔbZzb GK Rxe‡bi ¯^v` †c‡qwQ|Õ K_vwU Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj e‡j‡Qb|
Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj Rwg`vwi i¶v Kivi UvKv †RvMvo Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| ewncxi Zv‡K †mB UvKv KR© w`‡q wewbg‡q Zv‡niv‡K m‡½
†bIqvi cÖ¯@ve K‡ib| GB cÖ¯@v‡e Rwg`v‡ii ¯¿x †Lv‡`Rv ivwR n‡jI nv‡Zg Avwj welqwU †evSvi †Póv K‡ib| nv‡k‡gi Kv‡Q me
ï‡b wZwb hLb welqwU eyS‡Z cv‡ib ZLb ewncx‡ii cÖ¯@ve wdwi‡q †`b| wZwb ewncxi‡K e‡jb, ÒAvwg Gfv‡e UvKv wb‡Z cvie bv|
hvq hvK Rwg`vwi|Ó ZLb ewncxi Rvb‡Z Pvb, K_vwU wZwb †f‡e e‡j‡Qb wK bv| nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡K Rvbvb †h, nVvr Zvi me fq-fvebv
†K‡U †M‡Q Ges wZwb GK bZzb Rxe‡bi ¯^v` †c‡q‡Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : UvKv wb‡q Rwg`vwi i¶v Kivi Rb¨ a”Z© ewncx‡ii cÖ¯@v‡e ivwR bv n‡q Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwj ewncxi‡K cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|

j DÏxc‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb mv‡n‡ei g‡bvfv‡e ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj Pwi‡Îi •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj AZ¨š@ m‡PZb GKwU PwiÎ| †m AvaywbK wk¶vq wkw¶Z| Zvi g‡b †Kv‡bv Kzms¯‥vi †bB| ZrKvjxb
wcicÖ_vi AÜ AbyKi‡Y mgvRe¨e¯’vq †bwZevPK cÖfve m„wó nq| nv‡kg Avwji gv †Lv‡`Rv wci mv‡n‡ei AÜf³| A_P nv‡kg Avwj
Gme ag©xq Kzms¯‥v‡ii †eovRvj †_‡K m¤“”Y©fv‡e gy³| †m gvbweK‡evam¤“bœ GKRb gvbyl| ewncxi †Rvic”e©K Zv‡niv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z
PvB‡j nv‡kg Avwj evav †`q| †m ewncx‡ii nvZ †_‡K Zv‡niv‡K i¶v K‡iB ¶vš@ nqwb| eis Zv‡nivi fwel¨r Rxe‡bi K_v wPš@v K‡i
Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z m¤§Z nq|
DÏxc‡Ki w`‡K j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, wiwg ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x wn‡m‡e GKwU GbwRI‡Z KvR †bq| †m †ckvMZ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ †gvUi
mvB‡Kj Pvjvq| Zvi G welqwU GjvKvi gvbyl ¯^vfvweKfv‡e †g‡b †bqwb| Zviv ag©xq †Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥v‡ii Kvi‡Y Zv‡K PvKwi †_‡K
Ae¨vnwZ †bIqvi Rb¨ Pvc w`‡Z _v‡K| wKš‘ wiwg wKQz‡ZB PvKwi Qvo‡Z ivwR bq| Ggb m¼Ugq gyn ”‡Z© †`e`”Z wn‡m‡e Avwef‚©Z nb
GjvKvi †Pqvig¨vb mv‡ne| wZwb †jvK‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ e‡jb, Òbvix-cyi‚‡li mgwš^Z cÖ‡Póv Qvov Dbœqb m¤¢e bq| DÏxc‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb
mv‡n‡ei b¨vq ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj Zv‡nivi m¼Ugq gyn”‡Z© cv‡k `uvwo‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb mv‡n‡ei
g‡bvfv‡e ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj Pwi‡Îi •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb mv‡n‡ei g‡bvfv‡e ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwj Pwi‡Îi •ewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q|

k ÒDÏxc‡Ki wiwg I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv DfqB Abgbxq Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv cÖavb bvwqKv PwiÎ| †m Kzms¯‥vigy³, Rxebm‡PZb I cÖMwZkxj †PZbvi AwaKvix| Zvi Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ Abgbxq
•ewkó¨ j¶ Kiv hvq| Zv‡niv Abgbxq nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zvi wcZvgvZvi fzj wm×vš@‡K †g‡b †bqwb| ZvB †m evwo †_‡K cvwj‡q wQj|
NUbvµ‡g †m Rwg`v‡ii eRivq AvkÖq †bq| eRivq Ae¯’vbiZ ewncx‡ii mv‡_ Zvi bvUKxqfv‡e †`Lv n‡q hvq| ewncxi Zv‡K †Rvi
K‡i we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq| wKš‘ Zv‡niv Zv‡Z ivwR nqwb| nv‡kg Avwj e¨ZxZ mevB Zvi wei‚‡× Ae¯’vb MÖnY Ki‡jI Zv‡niv bgbxqZv
cÖ`k©b K‡iwb| †m Zvi wm×v‡š@B AUj _v‡K| hv Zvi Abgbxq PvwiwÎK •ewkó¨‡K AviI my`„p K‡i‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki wiwg GKRb ¯^v¯’¨Kg©x| †m GKwU GbwRI‡Z KvR K‡i| Kv‡Ri myweav‡_© †m †gvUi mvB‡Kj Pvjvq| KviY GK ¯’vb †_‡K
Ab¨ ¯’v‡b hvIqvi Rb¨ †m †gvUi mvB‡Kj e¨envi K‡i| GKRb bvix n‡q †gvUi mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bvi welqwU GjvKvi wKQz gvbyl Pig
we‡ivaxZv ïi‚ K‡i| ag©xq †Muvovwg I Kzms¯‥v‡ii Kvi‡YB Zviv GgbwU Ki‡Z _v‡K| Zviv wiwg‡K PvKwi Qvo‡Z eva¨ K‡i| wKš‘ wiwg
GZ mn‡R nvi gvbvi cvÎx bq| †m `„pwP‡Ë PvKwi‡Z envj _v‡K| Avi Awdwmqvj Kv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨g wn‡m‡e †gvUi
mvB‡Kj Pvjv‡bv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| G‡Z Zvi Abgbxq Pwi‡Îi •ewkó¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq|
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki wiwg Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv DfqB Abgbxq Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix| KviY Zviv
Df‡qB wbR wm×v‡š@ `„pfv‡e AUj †_‡K‡Q| mgv‡Ri †PvL ivOvwb‡Z Zviv f‡q fxZ-mš¿¯@ nqwb| eis `„pZvi mv‡_ cÖwZK‚j
cwiw¯’wZ †gvKvwejv K‡i‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki wiwg I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡nivi g‡a¨ †cÖ¶vcUMZ Awgj _vK‡jI Dfq Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨
AbgbxqZvi MyYwU we`¨gvb| Abgbxq Pwi‡Îi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K `ywU PwiÎB GK I Awfbœ| wb‡Ri B‛Qvi wei‚‡× Zviv †Kv‡bv Av‡cvm
Ki‡Z ivwR bq| KwVb cÖwZK‚j cwiw¯’wZi g‡a¨I Zviv AZ¨š@ mvnwmKZvi f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| Avi G Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î Zv‡`i g‡b
Abgbxq MyYwU we‡kl †cÖiYv RywM‡q‡Q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : wbR wm×v‡š@ `„pZvi mv‡_ AUj _vKvi Kvi‡Y DÏxc‡Ki wiwg I ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv DfqB Abgbxq Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  222

gqgbwmsn †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v) welq †KvW : 1 0 1
mgq : 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 30
[we‡kl `ªóe¨ : mieivnK…Z eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶vi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©msewjZ e„Ëmg”n n‡Z mwVK/m‡e©vrK…ó Dˇii e„ËwU ej c‡q›U
Kjg Øviv m¤“”Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1| cÖkœc‡Î †Kv‡bv cÖKvi `vM/wPý †`Iqv hv‡e bv|]
1. ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq mnmv Kx eÜ n‡jv? 14. eyjeyj mv‡n‡ei †PZbv Ôwk¶v I gbyl¨Z¡Õ cÖe‡Ü wb‡Pi †KvbwU Øviv cÖKvk cvq?
E Øvi F gmwR` G c_ H gw›`i E gbyl¨Z¡‡eva F g”j¨‡eva G RxebmËv H gvbemËv
2. †gviv GK e„‡š@ `ywU Kzmyg wn›`y-gymjgvb 15. D³ fvemZ¨ wb‡Pi †Kvb Dw³‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q?
gymwjg Zvi bqbgwb wn›`y Zvi cÖvY E A_© wbM‡o ew›` F miKvwi PvKzwi‡Z we‡fvi
KweZvi Pi‡Y ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q? G cÖvwY‡Z¡i euva‡b ew›` H gbyl¨‡Z¡i My‡Y ewjqvb
E fw³ F mvg¨ev` G Avkxe©v` H cÖK…wZcÖxwZ 16. †jLK kxZKvjUv cvbwk‡iB KvUv‡Z Pvb †Kb?
3. D³ w`KwU KweZvi †h cO&w³‡Z dz‡U D‡V‡Q E cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ F kx‡Zi ZxeªZv †_‡K euvP‡Z
E bvB †`k Kvjcv‡Îi †f`, A‡f` ag©RvwZ G Avcb cÖvY euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ H Ave`yi ingvb‡K Lywk Ki‡Z
F ÔHÕ gw›`i c”Rvixi nvq, †`eZv, †Zvgvi bq! 17. ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m wZbyi eqm KZ eQi?
G Ze gmwR` gw›`‡i cÖfz bvB gvby‡li `vwe E †`o F `yB G AvovB H wZb
H me Øvi Gi †Lvjv i‡e, Pvjv nvZzwo kvej Pvjv!  DÏxcKwU c‡o 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : ÒAvwg ZvB Kwi fvB hLb Pv‡n G gb hv
gv`vi †Z‡imv Rxe‡bi me©¯^ w`‡q gvby‡li †mev K‡i‡Qb| GgbwK †bv‡ej Kwi k΂i mv‡_ MjvMwj awi g„Zz¨i mv‡_ cvÄv|Ó
cyi¯‥v‡ii A_©I gvby‡li †mevq DrmM© K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi GB Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ 18. DÏxc‡Ki Avwg ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m †Kvb Pwi‡Îi •ewkó¨ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q?
mgMÖ c„w_ex Zuv‡K GKbv‡g wP‡b| E Avwj F eyav G kvnveywÏb H wgVz
4. DÏxc‡Ki gv`vi †Z‡imv ÔivbviÕ KweZvi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwa? 19. D³ Pwi‡Îi Ggb •ewkó¨ cÖKvk K‡i †Kvb evK¨wU?
E Kwe myKvš@ fÆvPvh© F ivbv‡ii wcÖqv E †bvjK eyqvi mv‡_ †h‡Z ivwR bv nIqv
G ivbvi H iv‡Zi Zviv F Avnv` gywÝi N‡i AvMyb †`Iqv
5. D³ Pwi‡Î ÔivbviÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q G kvgy‡Ki †Lvjm‡K †jvnvi Uzwc g‡b Kiv
i. gvbe‡mev ii. c‡ivcKvwiZv iii. wbR ¯^v_© Z¨vM H ev¼v‡i gvwU KvU‡Z wM‡q gvBb cyu‡Z Avmv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
E i I ii F i I iii G ii I iii H i, ii I iii Òej wK †Zvgvi ¶wZ, Rxe‡bi A_B b`x
6. Ôgi‡Yi `”Z G‡jv eywS nvq, nuv‡K gvq, `”i-`”iÕ G Pi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q Kx cvi nq †Zvgv‡K a‡i `yej © gvbyl hw`|Ó
dz‡U D‡V‡Q? 20. DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ fvewU ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K †Kvb Pwi‡Îi †¶‡Î mg_©b‡hvM¨?
E g„Zz¨‡`eZvi AvMgb E nv‡Zg Avwj F ewncxi G nv‡kg Avwj H †Lv‡`Rv
F cwjÐgv‡qi Kzms¯‥viv‛Qbœ g‡bvfve 21. ÔhvI, cywjk WvwKqv jBqv Av‡mvÕ K_vwU †K Kv‡K e‡j‡Q?
G mš@v‡bi †ivM `”i nIqvi cÖZ¨vkv E nv‡Zg Avwj nv‡kg‡K F ewncxi Rwg`vi‡K
H ûZzg †cuPv Zvov‡bvi cÖqvm G Zv‡niv nv‡kg‡K H ewncxi nwKKzjÐvn&‡K
7. Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq kn‡ii ey‡K RjcvB i‡Oi 22. ÔAvgvi †Q‡j †Zvgv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z PvB‡j Zzwg Zv‡Z gZ †`‡e bvÕ K_vwU
U¨v¼‡K Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q †Lv‡`Rv Kxfv‡e e‡j‡Qb?
E hy× F `vbe G exiZ¡ H MYnZ¨vi E we¯§‡q F GKUz †n‡m G mvgvb¨ †i‡M H †K․Z”njx n‡q
8. ÔAvgvi cwiPqÕ KweZvq ÔRq evsjvi eRªKÉÕ Kvi? 23. ÔZvM`Õ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
E nvRx kixqZDjÐvn F wZZzgxi E kw³ F Avb›` G †K․kj H Zvov †`Iqv
G m”h©‡mb H e½eÜy 24. ggZvw`i †eZb KZ UvKv wVK n‡qwQj?
9. ÔmyfvÕ M‡í wcZvgvZvi g‡b †K me©`vB RvMiƒK wQj? E 12 F 13 G 15 H 16
E my‡Kwkbx F myfvwlYx G mynvwmbx H cÖZvc 25. Ô†m PgK I jvwjgvi evZ©v †eva nq gvi ü`‡q †cuŠQjÕ GLv‡b hv cÖKvk
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv
Avwgbvi msmv‡i Afve me©`vB †j‡M _v‡K| Zvi msmvi †hb byb Avb‡Z E mnvbyf‚wZ F `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv
cvbZv dzivq cvbZv Avb‡Z byb| G Pg‡K IVv H fq cvIqv
10. DÏxc‡Ki Avwgbv ÔAvg-AuvwUi †fucyÕ M‡í †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZ‛Qwe? 26. cÖe‡Üi gyL¨ †kÖwYwefvM KqwU?
E ¯^Y©‡Mvqvwjbx F bxjgwY ivq E `ywU F wZbwU G PviwU H cuvPwU
G ivav †evó‡gi eD H me©Rqv 27. Ôe½evYxÕ KweZvq Kviv wn›`yi A¶‡i wns‡m K‡i?
11. ÔeB covÕ cÖe‡Ü eB covi Af¨vm e„w× Kivi Rb¨ †jL‡Ki civgk© Kx wQj? E †`k‡`ªvnxiv F fvlv we‡Ølxiv
E wbqwgZ eB †Kbv F †ewk †ewk jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôv Kiv G wb‡e©vaiv H gvid‡Z Ávbnxbiv
G †ewk K‡i eB cÖKvk Kiv H eB †ePv-†Kbvi Rb¨ †mwgbvi Kiv 28. m‡b‡Ui ló‡K Kx _v‡K?
12. m‡Z¨i mvabvq nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) wdwi‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb E fv‡ei D™¢e F fv‡ei cÖeZ©bv
E †bZ…‡Z¡i gh©v`v F eskxq gh©v`v G fv‡ei cwiYwZ H fv‡ei D‛Q¡vm
G ¯^xK…wZ H AvbyMZ¨ 29. Ô¯^vaxbZv, G kãwU Kxfv‡e Avgv‡`i n‡jvÕ KweZvq ÔKLb Avm‡e KweÕ
13. ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í ÔwkKoÕ kãwU Kx A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q? GLv‡b Kwe †K?
E Mv‡Qi g”j F Rxe‡bi ev¯@eZv E wbg©‡j›`y MyY F e½eÜy
G cvwievwiK eÜb H wbgMv‡Qi Aw¯@Z¡ G iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi H Dš§Ë RbZv
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 30. ÔAvqy †hb •kev‡ji bxiÕ Gi Øviv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q
eyjeyj mv‡ne Gg.G. cvk K‡i miKvwi PvKzwi †c‡q‡Qb| Zuvi `„wó‡Z E Rxeb Kzmg y v¯@xY© bq F Avqy `xN©¯’vqx
b¨vqAb¨vq e‡ov K_v bq; A_© DcvR©bB g”j j¶¨| G G Rxeb ¶Y¯’vqx H Rxeb Awebk¦i bq

 Lvwj NiMy‡jv‡Z †cbwmj w`‡q DËiMy‡jv †j‡Lv| Gici QR †Kv‡W cÖ`Ë DËigvjvi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`‡Lv †Zvgvi DËiMy‡jv mwVK wK bv|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  223

gqgbwmsn †evW©Ñ2023
evsjv cÖ_g cÎ (m„Rbkxj) welq †KvW 1 0 1
[2023 mv‡ji wm‡jevm Abyhvqx]
mgq : 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c”Y©gvb : 70
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi c”Y©gvb ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcKMy‡jv g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkÐó cÖkœMy‡jvi h_vh_ DËi `vI| K wefvM (M`¨) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU,
L wefvM (KweZv) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ `ywU, M wefvM (Dcb¨vm) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwU I N wefvM (bvUK) n‡Z Kgc‡¶ GKwUmn †gvU mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e| GKB cÖ‡kœi
Dˇi mvay I PwjZ fvlvixwZi wgkÖY `”lYxq|]
K wefvM : M`¨
1| m`v nv‡m¨v¾¡j I A`g¨ mvnmx ÔZvnwg`Õ K¬v‡m mevi wcÖqwgy L| weZK©, Ave„wË, Mvb, †Ljvayjv BZ¨vw`‡Z Zvnwg` GwM‡qB _v‡K| wKš‘ fv‡M¨i
wbg©g cwinvm, moK `yN©Ubvq Zvnwg` GKwU cv nvivq| Zvi cwieviI c‡o hvq fxlY `ywðš@vq| wKš‘ Zvi eÜyiv Zv‡K mvnm †RvMvq Ges Zvi
cv‡k `uvovq| eÜy‡`i Drmvn I mn‡hvwMZvq Zvnwg` GmGmwm cix¶vq K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nq|
K. ÔïK¬vØv`kxÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. ÔAvgv‡K mevB fzwj‡j euvwPÕ myfvi Giƒc g‡bvfv‡ei KviY Kx? 2
M. ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki Zvnwg‡`i mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq? eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki Zvnwg‡`i eÜy‡`i g‡Zv mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j myfv I Zvi cwievi‡K weo¤^bvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡Zv bvÕ gš@e¨wU ÔmyfvÕ Mí Aej¤^‡b
we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
2| †h †M‡Q ey‡K‡Z AvNvZ nvwbqv Zvi jvwM Avwg Kuvw`;
†h †gv‡i w`‡q‡Q we‡lfiv evY
Avwg †`B Zv‡i eyKfiv Mvb;
KuvUv †c‡q Zv‡i dzj Kwi `vb mvivwU Rbg-fi,
K. ÔciwnZ eªZxÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. gvby‡li GKRb n‡qI nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) `yj©f †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcKwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖfve‡K aviY K‡i wK? hyw³mn †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
3| Ask-1 : mvjgvb mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z `xN© 40 eQi a‡i KvR K‡ib iwngv| mvjgvb mv‡ne me mgq Zuvi Kv‡Ri cÖksmv K‡ib Ges Zuv‡K h_vh_
m¤§vb I cvwikÖwgK †`b|
Ask-2 : G msmv‡i G‡mwQjvg b eQ‡ii †g‡q
Zvic‡i GB cwiev‡ii `xN© Mwj †e‡q
`‡ki B‛Qv †evSvB Kiv GB RxebUv †U‡b †U‡b †k‡l
†cu․wQby AvR c‡_i cÖv‡š@ G‡m|
my‡Li `yt‡Li K_v
GKUzLvwb fve‡ev Ggb mgq wQj †Kv_v|
K. ÔKweivRÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. ÔgvwUi wfZ‡i wkKo A‡bK `”‡i P‡j †M‡QÕ  ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1Gi mvjgvb mv‡ne‡K ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í ewY©Z Kvi mv‡_ †gjv‡bv hvq? Ñe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G ewY©Z M„nea”i Rxeb Avi ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j²x eDUvi Rxeb GKB m”‡Î Muv_vÓ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡iv| 4
4| evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKvq 1991 mv‡ji cÖjqsKix N”wY©S‡o e‡bw` cwiev‡ii cyÎeay wd‡ivRv me©¯^vš@ nb| GKRb ü`qevb c`¯’ Kg©KZ©v
myjZvb mv‡ne `ymš@vbmn wd‡ivRv‡K AvkÖq †`b| wd‡ivRvi Kg©`¶Zv I mZZvq gy» n‡q myjZvb mv‡n‡ei cwievi Zv‡`i‡K Avcb K‡i †bb|
myjZvb mv‡ne wd‡ivRvi `ymš@vb‡K D‛P wk¶vi my‡hvM K‡i †`b| mg‡qi cwiµgvq wd‡ivRvi `ymš@vb GLb Kg©‡¶‡Î mycÖwZwôZ|
K. ÔAbvo¤^iÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. ggZvw`‡K ÔQvqvgqx gvbexÕ ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wd‡ivRv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv‡_ †Kvb w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c”Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki myjZvb mv‡ne ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKΩxi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib wK? hyw³mn Av‡jvPbv K‡iv| 4
N wefvM : bvUK
5| Ask-1 : †f‡½ Pz‡i †M‡Q AvR me AnsKvi
fvMvfvwM K‡i Ki‡Q mevB Avnvi;
Kx‡mi GZ `¤¢, RxebUvB †Zv †Qv‡Uv
gvbyl Zzwg AveviI gvbyl n‡q I‡Vv|
Ask-2 : nvk‡ii w`b ewj‡eb †Lv`v, †n Av`g mš@vb,
Avwg †P‡qwQby ¶zavi Abœ, Zzwg Ki bvB `vb|
gvbyl ewj‡e, Zzwg RM‡Zi cÖfz|
Avgiv †Zvgv‡i †Kg‡b LvIqve †m KvR nq wK Kfy?
ewj‡eb †Lv`vѶzwaZ ev›`v wM‡qwQj Ze Øv‡i,
†gvi Kv‡Q wd‡i †c‡Z Zvnv hw` LvIqv‡Z Zv‡i|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  224

K. ÔfzLvwiÕ A_© Kx? 1

L. Ôgvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQz bvB, b‡n wKQz gnxqvbÕ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1Gi g”jfve ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei cÖZ¨vkv‡K aviY K‡i wK? KweZvi Av‡jv‡K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
6| †nwi‡j gv‡qi gyL,
`”‡i hvq me `yL,
gv‡qi †Kv‡j‡Z ï‡q Ryovq civb,
gv‡qi kxZj †Kv‡j
mKj hvZbv †fv‡j
KZ bv †mvnv‡M gvZv eyKwU fivb|
K. Ôbqb bxiÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. Ôweinx gv‡qi G‡Kjv civb †`v‡jÕ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi me w`K dz‡U D‡Vwb|Ó gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7| iv‡Zi Auvav‡i iƒccyi MÖv‡g AZwK©‡Z nvgjv ïi‚ K‡i cvK nvbv`vi evwnbx| evRv‡ii †`vKvb cvU, Ni-evwo cywo‡q †`q Zviv| wbwe©Pv‡i Mywj
Pvjvq wbixn gvby‡li Ici| GK gv‡qi nvnvKvi _vg‡Z bv _vg‡ZB Av‡iK gv‡qi eyK Lvwj n‡q hvq| GK wcZvi nvZ †_‡K Ke‡ii KuvPvgvwU
S‡i co‡Z bv co‡ZB k”b¨ nq Av‡iK wcZvi eyK| AvZ‡¼ Rxeb euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ cvjv‡bvi †Póv K‡i †KD †KD| †mB wefxwlKvgq cwiw¯’wZ
GL‡bv Zvwo‡q †eovq MÖvgevmx‡K|
K. RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ Kx‡mi g‡Zv wPrKvi Kij? 1
L. ÔZzwg Avm‡e e‡j QvB n‡jv MÖv‡gi ci MÖvgÕ PiYwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi LÊwPÎ gvÎÓ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
M wefvM : Dcb¨vm
8| G cweÎ evsjv‡`k
evOvwji Avgv‡`i
w`qv cÖnv‡ib abÄq
Zvov‡ev Avgiv Kwi bv fq
hZ ci‡`wk `my¨ WvKvZ
ivgv‡`i Mvgv‡`i|
K. Kvi wb‡`©kbvq eyav wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤“ gvBb cyu‡Z †i‡LwQj? 1
L. Ô†Zv‡K †`‡LB eyS‡Z cviwQ †`kUv ¯^vaxb n‡eÕ wgVzi GK_v ejvi KviY Kx? 2
M. DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ Ôivgv MvgvÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kv‡`i‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ †PZbv ÔKvKZvWzqvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi †PZbvi AbyiƒcÓ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
9| 1971 mv‡j mvwR` wQ‡jb K‡jR QvÎ| gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j wZwb †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ hy‡× †hvM †`b eÜy‡`i mv‡_| hy× †k‡l Zuvi eÜyiv
wd‡i Avm‡jI mvwR` hy‡× kwn` nb| GL‡bv mvwR‡`i eÜy‡`i †`L‡j mvwR‡`i gv Kvbœv †P‡c ivL‡Z cv‡ib bv|
K. eyavi gv-evev †Kvb †iv‡M gviv hvq? 1
L. ÔNyNy †`‡L‡Qv; wKš‘ duv` †`‡Lvwb Puv`Õ| Dw³wU †Kvb cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mvwR‡`i gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔmvwR‡`i g‡Zv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvÍZ¨v‡Mi Kvi‡Y AvR Avgiv ¯^vaxbÕ gš@e¨wU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
L wefvM : KweZv
10| w`bgRyi Imgv‡bi e‡ov †g‡q iv‡njv `kg †kÖwY‡Z co‡Q| †`L‡Z †ek my›`ix nIqvq MÖv‡gi gvZeŸi nvmgZ †gvjÐvi `yevB cÖevmx gvSeqwm
†Q‡j AvRg‡Zi mv‡_ Zvi we‡qi cÖ¯@ve Av‡m| iv‡njvi g‡Zi wei‚‡× Zvi evev we‡qi K_v cvKvcvwK K‡i †d‡jb| wbi‚cvq n‡q iv‡njv Zvi
¯‥z‡ji cÖavb wk¶‡Ki kiYvcbœ nq| cÖavb wk¶K Zr¶Yvr cÖkvm‡bi mnvqZvq GB we‡q e‡Üi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. bvU‡Ki cÖvY Kx? 1
L. nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvbwb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib? eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki iv‡njv †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡ÎiB cÖwZ‛QweÕ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
11| eQi K‡qK Av‡M cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnv‡o moK †Nu‡l gbydwKi bv‡g GK ISv Av¯@vbv Muv‡o| wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ Zvi Av¯@vbvq mvaviY gvby‡li
Avbv‡Mvbv †e‡o hvq| mijgbv gvby‡li UvKv-cqmv I Dcnvi mvgMÖx †c‡q Aíw`‡bB gbydwKi A‡Xj m¤“‡`i gvwjK e‡b hvq| Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨
D³ ISvi Av¯@vbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i GKwU my‡hvM mÜvbx Pµ M‡o D‡V| d‡j GjvKvq Aciva cÖeYZv I Kzms¯‥vi evo‡Z _v‡K|
K. ewncx‡ii mnKvixi bvg Kx? 1
L. Ô`ywbqvUv mwZ¨ KwVb cix¶v‡K›`ªÕ ewncxi †Kb GK_v e‡jb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mijgbv gvbyl ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Kvi ev Kv‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki gbydwKi‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii h_v_© cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  225

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eûwbe©vPwb Afx¶v
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
DËi

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

m„Rbkxj
cÖkœ  01 m`v nv‡m¨v¾¡j I A`g¨ mvnmx ÔZvnwg`Õ K¬v‡m mevi wcÖqwgyL| weZK©, Ave„wË, Mvb, †Ljvayjv BZ¨vw`‡Z Zvnwg` GwM‡qB
_v‡K| wKš‘ fv‡M¨i wbg©g cwinvm, moK `yN©Ubvq Zvnwg` GKwU cv nvivq| Zvi cwieviI c‡o hvq fxlY `ywðš@vq| wKš‘ Zvi eÜyiv
Zv‡K mvnm †RvMvq Ges Zvi cv‡k `uvovq| eÜy‡`i Drmvn I mn‡hvwMZvq Zvnwg` GmGmwm cix¶vq K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nq|
K. ÔïK¬vØv`kxÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. ÔAvgv‡K mevB fzwj‡j euvwPÕ myfvi Giƒc g‡bvfv‡ei KviY Kx? 2
M. ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki Zvnwg‡`i mv`„k¨ †Kv_vq? eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki Zvnwg‡`i eÜy‡`i g‡Zv mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j myfv I Zvi cwievi‡K weo¤^bvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡Zv bvÕ gš@e¨wU
ÔmyfvÕ Mí Aej¤^‡b we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔïK¬vØv`kxÕ A_© Puv‡`i Øv`k w`b|
i ÔAvgv‡K mevB fywj‡j euvwP|ÕÑ myfvi Giƒc g‡bvfv‡ei KviY cwievi I cvwicvwk¦©K cwi‡e‡ki Ici nZvkv I †e`bv‡eva|
myfv Rš§ †_‡KB †evev| K_v ej‡Z bv cvivi Kvi‡Y cwievi I Pvicv‡ki gvbylR‡bi KvQ †_‡K †Kv‡bv ai‡bi mnvbyf‚wZ cvq bv| Zvi gv
Zv‡K M‡f©i Kj¼ g‡b K‡i| wcZv Zvi we‡q bv nIqv wb‡q `ywðš@vMÖ¯@| †m eyS‡Z cv‡i †KD Zv‡K fv‡jvfv‡e †bq bv| ZvB myfvi
RMr gvby‡li RMr †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i msKxY© n‡q Av‡m| †m cÖK…wZ‡K AvkÖq K‡i †eu‡P _vKvi cÖvYcY †Póv Pvjvq| †m cÖK…wZi mvwbœ‡a¨
G‡m myL cvq| Zvi gg©-†e`bv, cwievi †_‡K nZvkv cÖK…wZi Kv‡Q G‡m gyw³ I Avb›` Lyu‡R cvq| ZvB myfv mevi KvQ †_‡K Avov‡j
_vK‡Z Pvq| Zv‡K mevB fz‡j †M‡jB †m †hb †eu‡P hvq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔAvgv‡K mevB fywj‡j euvwP|ÕÑ myfvi Giƒc g‡bvfv‡ei KviY cwievi I cvwicvwk¦©K cwi‡e‡ki Ici nZvkv I †e`bv‡eva|

j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki Zvnwg‡`i mv`„k¨ n‡jv gvbwmKfv‡e wech©¯@ n‡q cov|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv evK&cÖwZeÜx| †m K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| GRb¨ mevB Zv‡K Pigfv‡e Ae‡njv, AeÁv I N„Yvi `„wó‡Z †`‡L| myfvi gv
myfv‡K Zvi M‡f©i Kj¼ g‡b K‡i| myfvi PvicvkUv A‡bK †Qv‡Uv n‡Z _v‡K| cÖwZK‚j cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y myfv AZ¨š@ gvbwmKfv‡e
†f‡O c‡o| gvbwmK wech©q Zv‡K AwZó K‡i †Zv‡j| myfv wb‡R‡K AwZ Zz‛Q I bMY¨ fve‡Z _v‡K| †m gvbwmK Aw¯’iZvi †bwZevPK
cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq| ax‡i ax‡i myfv gvbwmK `yie¯’vi w`‡K avweZ nq| d‡j Zvi †Kv‡bv fv‡M¨vbœqb nqwb|
DÏxc‡Ki Zvnwg` AZ¨š@ mvnmx| †m †jLvcov I †Ljvayjvq LyeB cvi`k©x| `yf©vM¨ekZ moK `yN©Ubvi Ke‡j c‡o Zv‡K GKwU cv
nviv‡Z nq| GRb¨ †m gvbwmKfv‡e †f‡O c‡o| moK `yN©Ubvi ci Zvnwg‡`i gvbwmK wech©‡qi w`KwU ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi gvbwmK
`yie¯’vi mv‡_B mv`„k¨c”Y©| KviY †cÖ¶vcU wfbœ n‡jI `yR‡bi gvbwmK wech©qRwbZ `yie¯’v g”jZ GK I Awfbœ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki Zvnwg‡`i mv`„k¨ n‡jv gvbwmKfv‡e wech©¯@ n‡q cov|

k ÒDÏxc‡Ki Zvnwg‡`i eÜy‡`i g‡Zv mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j myfv I Zvi cwievi‡K G‡Zv weo¤^bvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡Zv bv|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU
h_v_©|
ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfv AZ¨š@ fvM¨ weow¤^Z| †m evK&&cwÖ ZeÜx n‡q G c„w_ex‡Z Rš§MÖnY K‡i‡Q| †m K_v ej‡Z bv cvivi Kvi‡Y †KD Zvi
mv‡_ †g‡kwb| mevB Zv‡K Gwo‡q P‡j‡Q| d‡j myfv AZ¨š@ wbtm½ n‡q c‡o| Aejv cÖvYx e¨ZxZ myfvi †Kv‡bv m½x wQj bv| myfv
wbR cwievi †_‡K mgv‡Ri mevi Kv‡QB Ki‚Yvi cvÎx wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q| myfv KviI Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv mngwg©Zv cvqwb| myfvi
evK&&cwÖ ZeÜxZvi Rb¨ Zvi cwiev‡i‡KI mgv‡R A‡bK †Qv‡Uv n‡Z n‡q‡Q| myfvi we‡q n‡‛Q bv †`‡L Zvi cwievi‡K GK-N‡i Kivi
KvbvNuylvI †kvbv †M‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki Zvnwg` `yf©vM¨ekZ moK `yN©Ubvq GKwU cv nvwi‡q‡Q| Zvi Rxe‡b gvbwmK wech©q †b‡g G‡jI Zv wQj mvgwqK| KviY Zvi
mncvVxiv cv‡k G‡m `uvovq| Zv‡K mvš@¦bv, mn‡hvwMZv I mvnm w`‡q Aby‡cÖiYv RywM‡q‡Q| mncvVx‡`i Aby‡cÖiYvq Zvnwg` bZzb D`¨‡g
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  226

Avevi †jLvcovq Mfxi g‡bvwb‡ek `vb K‡i| d‡j †m GmGmwm cix¶vq wRwcG-5 †c‡q K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nq| Zvnwg` Zvi
cÖwZeÜKZv‡K Rq Ki‡Z m¶g nq| Avi Zvi G Kv‡R mncvVx‡`i BwZevPK f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, myfvi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri gvbwmKZv †gv‡UI BwZevPK wQj bv| †bwZevPK cÖfv‡e myfvi cwievi A‡bK weo¤^bvi wkKvi
n‡q‡Q| myfvi we‡q n‡‛Q bv †`‡L mgv‡Ri †jv‡Kiv Zv‡`i‡K GK-N‡i Kivi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| eva¨ n‡q myfvi evev evYxKÉ myfv‡K
KjKvZvq wb‡q wM‡q we‡q †`Iqvi wm×vš@ †bq| G‡Z myfvi cwiev‡i Pig weo¤^bv †b‡g Av‡m| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki Zvnwg‡`i mncvVxiv
Zvnwg‡`i cÖwZ mnvbyf‚wZkxj g‡bvfve †cvlY Kivq Zvnwg‡`i cwiev‡i †Kv‡bv weo¤^bv †b‡g Av‡mwb| ZvB cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_© e‡jB
cÖZxqgvb nq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : myfvi cÖwZ mgv‡Ri gvbwmKZv DÏxc‡Ki mncvVx‡`i g‡Zv n‡j ÔmyfvÕ M‡íi myfvi cwievi‡K G‡Zv weo¤^bvi wkKvi n‡Z n‡Zv bv|
cÖkœ  02 †h †M‡Q ey‡K‡Z AvNvZ nvwbqv Zvi jvwM Avwg Kuvw`;
†h †gv‡i w`‡q‡Q we‡lfiv evY
Avwg †`B Zv‡i eyKfiv Mvb;
KuvUv †c‡q Zv‡i dzj Kwi `vb mvivwU Rbg-fi,
K. ÔciwnZ eªZxÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. gvby‡li GKRb n‡qI nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) `yj©f †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxcKwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖfve‡K aviY K‡i wK? hyw³mn †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔciwnZ eªZxÕ A_© c‡ii DcKv‡i wb‡qvwRZ|
i Abb¨ gvbweK MyYvewji Rb¨ nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb `yj©f|
nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb AZ¨š@ mnbkxj Ges wbinsKvi Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix| AZ¨vPvix‡K wZwb KL‡bv Awfkvc †`bwb| esk‡M․ie GK
gyn”‡Z©i Rb¨I Zvi gv‡S ¯’vb cvqwb| D`viZvi †¶‡Î Zuvi Rywo †gjv fvi| mZ¨ mvabvq wZwb wQ‡jb e‡RÖi g‡Zv KwVb, ce©‡Zi g‡Zv
AUj; A_P KiyYvq wQ‡jb Kzmyg‡Kvgj| GKK_vq ejv hvq, Z¨vM, †cÖg, mvayZv, †m․Rb¨, ¶gv, mvnm, AbyMÖn, AvZ¥wek¦vm, PvwiwÎK
†m․›`h© Gme gvbweK w`‡Ki mgvnvi gvby‡li gv‡S Lyu‡R cvIqv `y®‥i| ZvB wZwb gvby‡li GKRb n‡qI `yj©f|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Abb¨ gvbweK MyYvewji Rb¨ nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb `yj©f|
j DÏxc‡K Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi ¶gvkxjZvi gnr My‡Yi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) gvby‡li c‡¶ hv AvPiYxq ZviB Av`k© cÖwZôv K‡i †M‡Qb| ARmª PvwiwÎK My‡Yi Avavi wQ‡jb wZwb| ¶gv Avi
gn‡Ë¡i †h Ac”e© `„óvš@ wZwb †i‡L †M‡Qb Zv c„w_ex‡Z Abb¨| ¶gvkxjZvi Rb¨ wZwb ¯§iYxq I eiYxq n‡q Av‡Qb|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k Acivax‡K kvw¯@ bv w`‡q ¶gv Kivi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †h KuvUvi AvNvZ w`‡q‡Q Zv‡KB dzj cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi gvbexq MyYvewji K_v Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| Zuvi gvbexq MyYvewji g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv
¶gvkxjZv| wZwb Zuvi `„p e¨w³‡Z¡i Øviv ¶gvi Abb¨ `„óvš@ ¯’vcb K‡iwQ‡jb| ag© cÖPviKv‡j Zv‡qd Ges g°vevmx Zuv‡K wewfbœfv‡e
AZ¨vPvi K‡i| wKš‘ Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv cÖwZ‡kva bv wb‡q `qvi bwe Zv‡`i‡K ¶gv K‡i †`b| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ
cÖe‡Ü nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi ¶gvkxjZvi gnr My‡Yi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi ¶gvkxjZvi gnr My‡Yi w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
k DÏxcKwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖfve‡K aviY K‡i bv|
nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.) wQ‡jb Abycg Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix| we‡k¦i mgMÖ gvby‡li Rb¨ wZwb AbyKiYxq| ¶gv I gnË¡, †cÖg I `qv Zuvi ARmª
PvwiwÎK My‡Yi g‡a¨ cÖavb| wZwb mviv Rxeb gvbeRvwZi Kj¨v‡Y wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb|
DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k Acivax‡K kvw¯@ bv w`‡q ¶gv Kivi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †h KuvUvi AvNvZ w`‡q‡Q Zv‡KB dzj cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ôgvbyl
gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Ü me©‡kÖô gvbe I Bmjv‡gi †kl bwe nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi gvbexq MyYvewj Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| m‡Z¨i e¨vcv‡i wZwb
wQ‡jb ce©‡Zi g‡Zv AUj, Avevi gvbeZvi †¶‡Î Kzmy‡gi g‡Zv †Kvgj| Zuvi g‡a¨ wQj ¶gvi D¾¡j `„óvš@| wZwb KL‡bv gvbyl‡K
Ae‡njv Ki‡Zb bv; eis cig fv‡jvevmvq AvM‡j ivL‡Zb| GQvov Zvi my›`i e¨envi I K_v gvbyl‡K mn‡RB AvKl©Y KiZ|
nRiZ gyn¤§` (m.)-Gi Pwi‡Î gvbexq MyYvewji PgrKvi mswgkÖY N‡UwQj| g°vi †kÖô es‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡iI KL‡bv esk‡M․ie wb‡q AnsKvi
K‡ibwb| wZwb wQ‡jb mr, my›`i, gvbweK, ¶gvkxj, wek¦¯@, wcÖqfvlx, Avj-Avwgb, b¨v‡qi c‡¶ Avcmnxbmn me My‡Yi AwaKvix| Avi
DÏxc‡K ïay ¶gvkxjZvi w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxcKwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖfve‡K aviY K‡i bv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcKwU Ôgvbyl gyn¤§` (m.)Õ cÖe‡Üi mgMÖfve‡K aviY K‡i bv|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  227

cÖkœ  03 Ask-1 : mvjgvb mv‡n‡ei evwo‡Z `xN© 40 eQi a‡i KvR K‡ib iwngv| mvjgvb mv‡ne me mgq Zuvi Kv‡Ri cÖksmv
K‡ib Ges Zuv‡K h_vh_ m¤§vb I cvwikÖwgK †`b|
Ask-2 : G msmv‡i G‡mwQjvg b eQ‡ii †g‡q
Zvic‡i GB cwiev‡ii `xN© Mwj †e‡q
`‡ki B‛Qv †evSvB Kiv GB RxebUv †U‡b †U‡b †k‡l
†cu․wQby AvR c‡_i cÖv‡š@ G‡m|
my‡Li `yt‡Li K_v
GKUzLvwb fve‡ev Ggb mgq wQj †Kv_v|
K. ÔKweivRÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. ÔgvwUi wfZ‡i wkKo A‡bK `”‡i P‡j †M‡QÕ  ej‡Z Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1Gi mvjgvb mv‡ne‡K ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í ewY©Z Kvi mv‡_ †gjv‡bv hvq? Ñe¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G ewY©Z M„nea”i Rxeb Avi ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j²x eDUvi Rxeb GKB m”‡Î Muv_vÓ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv
hvPvB K‡iv| 4
3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔKweivRÕ A_© whwb MvQMvQvwj cwi‡kvab K‡i gbyl¨‡iv‡Mi wPwKrmv K‡ib|
i ÔgvwUi wfZ‡i wkKo A‡bK `”i P‡j †M‡QÕÑ GK_v Øviv GKRb bvixi msmv‡ii cÖwZ Mfxi gvqvi eÜb‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
GKRb bvix msmviRxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i g‡bi ARv‡š@B msmvi bvgK GK gnvmgy‡`ª wb‡R‡K mu‡c †`b| msmv‡ii `ytL-Kó, e¨_v-†e`bv
hZB evo‡Z _v‡K Zvi †P‡q AwaK nv‡i evo‡Z _v‡K msmv‡ii cÖwZ Zvi gvqv-ggZv| nq‡Zv Ae‡PZb g‡b †Kv‡bv mgq e‡j D‡VÑ G
msmvi †Q‡o Ab¨Î P‡j hve| wKš‘ hvq bv| B‡‛Q Ki‡jI †h‡Z cv‡i bv| †hgbwU ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi wbgMvQwU Ab¨ †K_vI †h‡Z cv‡iwb|
KviY Zvi wkKo gvwUi A‡bK Mfx‡i P‡j wM‡qwQj|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔgvwUi wfZ‡i wkKo A‡bK `”i P‡j †M‡QÕ ej‡Z G RMrmsmv‡ii bvix‡`i cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| hviv msmv‡ii cÖwZ Mfxi
gvqvex Rv‡j Ave×|

j DÏxc‡Ki AskÑ1 Gi mvjgvb mv‡ne‡K ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í ewY©Z Kwei mv‡_ †gjv‡bv hvq|
ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í ewY©Z wbgMvQ m¤“‡K© Kwe f‚qmx cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb| wbgMv‡Qi †m․›`‡h© Kwe gy» n‡q‡Qb| Kwe wbgMvQwUi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ
K‡ibwb| wZwb wbgMvQwUi my›`i cvZv Avi †_vKv †_vKv dz‡ji cv‡b gy» `„wó‡Z †P‡q †_‡K‡Qb| Kwei cÖksmvq wbgMvQwUi AK…wÎg
†m․›`h© dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ M‡í wbgMv‡Qi Aš@iv‡j g”jZ M„nea”i Kg©KvÊ I MyYvewj‡KB †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1G ewY©Z mvjgvb mv‡ne ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwe Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwa| wZwb Zvi evwo‡Z `xN© 40 eQi a‡i Kg©iZ Kv‡Ri
gwnjv iwngvi Kv‡Ri cÖksmv K‡ib| Zvi Kv‡Ri h_v‡hvM¨ gh©v`v I cvwikÖwgK cÖ`vb K‡ib| ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í Kwe †hgb wbgMv‡Qi cÖksmv
K‡ib †Zgwb DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1 Gi mvjgvb mv‡neI iwngvi Kv‡Ri cÖksmv K‡ib| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1 Gi mvjgvb
mv‡ne‡K ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi Kwei mv‡_ †gjv‡bv hvq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki AskÑ1 Gi mvjgvb mv‡ne‡K ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡í ewY©Z Kwei mv‡_ †gjv‡bv hvq|

k ÔDÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G ewY©Z M„nea”i Rxeb Avi M‡íi j²x eDUvi Rxeb GKB m”‡Î Muv_v|ÕÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi evwoi M„nK‡g© `¶ j²x eDwU wbg Mv‡Qi g‡Zv w`bivZ mevB‡K †mev `v‡b wb‡qvwRZ| wb‡Ri myL-¯^v‛Q›`¨ DrmM© K‡i
mviv¶Y †m cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq| wKš‘ cwiev‡ii †KD KL‡bv Zvi myL -`yt‡Li Lei †bIqvi cÖ‡qvRb‡eva g‡b K‡i bv|
ZviciI †m msmvi Z¨vM K‡i P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i bv| GB msmv‡ii Mfx‡i Zvi †kKo P‡j †M‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G ewY©Z M„nea” bq eQi eq‡m msmv‡i G‡mwQj| `‡ki B‛Qv c”iY Ki‡Z Ki‡ZB Zvi Rxeb cvi n‡q †M‡Q| Rxe‡bi
†kl cÖv‡š@ G‡mI †m eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q Zvi myL-`yt‡Li Askx`vi †KD n‡Z cv‡iwb| A_P Zvi Rxe‡bi cy‡ivUv mgq `kR‡bi B‛Qv c”iY
Ki‡Z wM‡qB cvi n‡q †M‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki AskÑ2 Gi bvix ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j²x eDwUi g‡ZvB mK‡ji cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡Ri myL-¯^v‛Q›`¨‡K
DrmM© K‡i‡Q| cwiev‡ii K_v, msmv‡ii K_v fve‡Z fve‡ZB Zv‡`i mvivwU Rxeb AwZevwnZ n‡q‡Q| Dfq bvixB wbgMv‡Qi g‡Zv
msmv‡ii Mfx‡i Zv‡`i †kKo P‡j †M‡Q| Zviv B‛Qv Ki‡jB msmvi-gvqv Z¨vM K‡i P‡j †h‡Z cv‡i bv|
ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G ewY©Z M„nea”i Rxeb Avi ÔwbgMvQÕ M‡íi j²x eDUvi Rxeb GKB m”‡Î Muv_v|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÔDÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G ewY©Z M„nea”i Rxeb Avi M‡íi j²x eDUvi Rxeb GKB m”‡Î Muv_v|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  228

cÖkœ  04 evsjv‡`‡ki DcK‚jxq GjvKvq 1991 mv‡ji cÖjqsKix N”wY©S‡o e‡bw` cwiev‡ii cyÎeay wd‡ivRv me©¯^vš@ nb| GKRb
ü`qevb c`¯’ Kg©KZ©v myjZvb mv‡ne `ymš@vbmn wd‡ivRv‡K AvkÖq †`b| wd‡ivRvi Kg©`¶Zv I mZZvq gy» n‡q myjZvb mv‡n‡ei
cwievi Zv‡`i‡K Avcb K‡i †bb| myjZvb mv‡ne wd‡ivRvi `ymš@vb‡K D‛P wk¶vi my‡hvM K‡i †`b| mg‡qi cwiµgvq wd‡ivRvi
`ymš@vb GLb Kg©‡¶‡Î mycÖwZwôZ|
K. ÔAbvo¤^iÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. ggZvw`‡K ÔQvqvgqx gvbexÕ ejv n‡q‡Q †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wd‡ivRv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv‡_ †Kvb w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c”Y©? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki myjZvb mv‡ne ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKΩxi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib wK? hyw³mn Av‡jvPbv K‡iv| 4
4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔAbvo¤^iÕ A_© RuvKRgKnxb|
i ggZvw`i cÖ_g w`‡Ki kãnxb, Abyf‚wZnxb, wbwe©Kvi AvPiY j¶ K‡i †LvKvi g‡b n‡q‡Q, ggZvw` †hb Qvqvgqx gvbex|
†LvKv ggZvw`i m‡½ fve Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| wKš‘ cÖ_g w`b Kv‡R G‡m ggZvw` mevB‡K D‡c¶v K‡i Pjj| ggZvw` KvRMy‡jv‡K Avcb
K‡i wbj, gvbylMy‡jvi w`‡K wd‡iI †`Lj bv| ggZvw` Zvi AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y †LvKvi aiv-†Quvqvi AZxZ n‡q _vKj| Avi ggZvw`i Ggb
kãnxb, Abyf‚wZnxb, wbwe©Kvi AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y †LvKvi g‡b n‡jv ggZvw` †hb ÔQvqvgqx gvbexÕ|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ggZvw` bxie kãnxb n‡q mKj KvR Kivq Zv‡K ÔQvqvgqx gvbexÕ ejv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki wd‡ivRv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv‡_ Kg©KvÊMZ w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c”Y©|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ggZvw`i ¯^vgxi PvKwi †bB| ZvB Zv‡K Afv‡ei Zvobvq A‡b¨i evwo‡Z wM‡q wS‡qi KvR Ki‡Z nq| Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î †m
AZ¨š@ Kg©wbô, ØvwqZ¡kxj I Avš@wiK| Zvi Kv‡R evwoi mevB mš‘ó| evwoi M„nKÎx© AZ¨š@ Avš@wiK|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wd‡ivRv cÖjqsKix N”wY©S‡o me©¯^vš@ n‡j ü`qevb c`¯’ Kg©KZ©v myjZvb mv‡ne `ymš@vbmn wd‡ivRv‡K AvkÖq †`q| ïay
AvkÖq w`‡qB bq, wd‡ivRvi `ymš@vb‡K D‛P wk¶vi my‡hvM K‡i †`q| wd‡ivRvi `ymš@vb GLb Kg©‡¶‡Î mycÖwZwôZ| DÏxc‡Ki wd‡ivRv
myjZvb mv‡n‡ei msmv‡ii hveZxq KvR myôzfv‡e m¤“bœ K‡i‡Q, wVK †Zgwb ggZvw`I M„‡ni me KvR K‡i‡Q| GgbwK M„nKÎx©i
†Q‡j‡KI Av`i-†øn w`‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki wd‡ivRv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv‡_ Kg©KvÊMZ w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki wd‡ivRv ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi ggZvw`i mv‡_ Kg©KvÊMZ w`K †_‡K mv`„k¨c”Y©|
k DÏxc‡Ki myjZvb mv‡ne ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib|
ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í ggZvw` AvÍm¤§vb‡evam¤“bœ bvix n‡qI msmv‡ii Afve-AbU‡bi Kvi‡Y A‡b¨i evwo‡Z M„nKgx©i KvR †bq| KviY Zvi
¯^vgxi B‡Zvg‡a¨ †Kv‡bv PvKwi bv _vKvq Zv‡K GB KvR Ki‡Z n‡‛Q| ZvB †m Kv‡R-K‡g© †Kv‡bv duvwK †`q bv| wb‡Ri ØvwqZ¡‡eva †_‡KB
KvR K‡i P‡j| Zvi Kv‡R M„nKÎx©mn mK‡jB Lywk nq| ggZvw`i wec` mg‡q †Kv‡bv M„nKgx©i cÖ‡qvRb †Zgb bv _vK‡jI ggZvw`‡K
†`‡L M„nKÎx©i gvqv R‡š§| ZvB Zv‡K wS‡qi KvR Kivi Rb¨ †i‡L †`q| ggZvw` Kv‡Ri gvB‡b ev‡iv UvKv Abygvb Ki‡jI Zv‡K
c‡b‡iv UvKv †`Iqv nq| ZvQvov M„nKÎx© ggZvi Kv‡R Ges AvPi‡Y Lywk n‡q Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii GKRb m`m¨ g‡b K‡i Avcb K‡i †bq|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z myjZvb mv‡ne N”wY©S‡o ¯^e©¯^vš@ e‡bw` N‡ii cyÎea” wd‡ivRv‡K `ymš@vbmn AvkÖq †`b| myjvZvb mv‡ne ïay AvkÖq w`‡qB
¶vš@ nbwb| wd‡ivRvi `ymš@vb‡K D‛P wk¶vq wkw¶Z K‡i Kg©‡¶‡Î mycÖwZwôZ K‡i M‡o †Zv‡jb|
DÏxc‡Ki myjZvb mv‡ne Ges ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx© DfqB wec`vcbœ gvbyl‡K AvkÖq w`‡q Zv‡`i cv‡k †_‡K ¯^vej¤^x n‡Z mn‡hvwMZv
K‡i‡Qb| ÔggZvw`Õ M‡í M„nKÎx© †hgb ggZvi `yw`©‡b KvR w`‡q mvnv‡h¨i nvZ evwo‡q w`‡qwQj DÏxc‡Ki myjZvb mv‡neI N”wY©S‡o
weaŸ¯@ wd‡ivRv‡K AvkÖq w`‡q Ges mš@vb‡`i †jLvcov wkwL‡q Kg©‡¶‡Î mycÖwZwôZ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡Ki
myjZvb mv‡ne ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZvi w`KwU‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki myjZvb mv‡ne ÔggZvw`Õ M‡íi M„nKÎx©i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib|
cÖkœ  05 Ask-1 : †f‡½ Pz‡i †M‡Q AvR me AnsKvi
fvMvfvwM K‡i Ki‡Q mevB Avnvi;
Kx‡mi GZ `¤¢, RxebUvB †Zv †Qv‡Uv
gvbyl Zzwg AveviI gvbyl n‡q I‡Vv|
Ask-2 : nvk‡ii w`b ewj‡eb †Lv`v, †n Av`g mš@vb,
Avwg †P‡qwQby ¶zavi Abœ, Zzwg Ki bvB `vb|
gvbyl ewj‡e, Zzwg RM‡Zi cÖfz|
Avgiv †Zvgv‡i †Kg‡b LvIqve †m KvR nq wK Kfy?
ewj‡eb †Lv`vѶzwaZ ev›`v wM‡qwQj Ze Øv‡i,
†gvi Kv‡Q wd‡i †c‡Z Zvnv hw` LvIqv‡Z Zv‡i|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  229

K. ÔfzLvwiÕ A_© Kx? 1

L. Ôgvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQz bvB, b‡n wKQz gnxqvbÕ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi †Kvb w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1Gi g”jfve ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei cÖZ¨vkv‡K aviY K‡i wK? KweZvi Av‡jv‡K we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ÔfzLvwiÕ A_© ¶zavZ© e¨w³|
i gvbyl n‡‛Q m„wói †miv Rxe, ZvB gvbyl gnvb Ges gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQy †bB|
gvby‡li b¨vq-Ab¨vq †eva Av‡Q| gvbyl we‡eK-eyw×m¤“bœ| PÊx`vm e‡j‡Qb, Ô†kv‡bv †n gvbyl fvB, mevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨ Zvnvi Dc‡i
bvB|Õ gvby‡li †mev Kivi A_©B n‡‛Q mªóvi †mev Kiv| gvbyl Zvi cweÎ ü`‡q mªóvi Dcjwä K‡ib, ZvB gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov I gnvb
wKQyB †bB|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gvbyl m„wói †kªô Rxe, ZvB gvby‡li †P‡q e‡ov wKQy †bB|
j DÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq D‡jÐwLZ c”Rvwi I †gvjÐv mv‡n‡ei PwiÎ؇qi AgvbweK AvPi‡Yi w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq Kwe gvby‡li wbg©gZv‡K D‡jÐL K‡i‡Qb| RxY©-kxY© cw_K Lvevi wf¶v †P‡q c”Rvwii Øviv gw›`i †_‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq|
†gvjÐv mv‡neI Zv‡K wZi¯‥vi K‡i †ei K‡i †`q| Zv‡`i `ye¨©env‡ii `iyb Afy³ fyLvwi iv¯@vq bvg‡Z eva¨ nq|
DÏxc‡K nvk‡ii w`‡b m„wóKZ©vi wbKU gvby‡li K…ZK‡g©i Revew`wnZvi GKUv wPÎ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| †Lv`v gvby‡li Kv‡Q Lvevi cÖv_©bv
Ki‡jI gvbyl Zv‡K wdwi‡q w`‡q‡Q| Av`g mš@vb‡K GLv‡b wnsmÖZvi wb`k©b wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Av`g mš@vb c„w_exi ey‡K
wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© i¶v‡_© Mwie-Amnvq gvby‡li cÖwZ ee©i AvPiY K‡i‡Q| GB w`K †_‡K DÏxc‡Ki Av`g mš@vb ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq
†gvjÐv-cy‡ivwn‡Zi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e AgvbweK AvPiY cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Ask-2G ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq D‡jÐwLZ c”Rvwi I †gvjÐv mv‡n‡ei PwiÎ؇qi AgvbweK AvPi‡Yi w`KwUi cÖwZ Bw½Z Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
k DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1Gi g”jfve ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei cÖZ¨vkv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|
we‡`ªvnx Kwe KvRx bRi‚j Bmjvg iwPZ ÔgvbylÕ KweZvwU Kwei Ômvg¨ev`xÕ Kve¨MÖš’ †_‡K msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G KweZvq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q,
c„w_ex‡Z bvbv RvwZ, ag©, eY©, †MvÎ Av‡Q| wKš‘ †`k-Kvj-cv·f‡` gvbyl Awfbœ| wbibœ Amnvq gvbyl‡K A‡b‡KB mvg_©¨ _vKvi c‡iI
Abœ `vb K‡i bv| gw›`‡ii cy‡ivwnZ wKsev gmwR‡`i †gvjÐv mv‡neivI A‡bK mgq G iKg ü`qnxb KvR K‡ib| gvby‡li †P‡q †h e‡ov
wKQz n‡Z cv‡i bv a‡g© †Zv †m K_vB e‡j| gvbyl N„Y¨ bq, ag©MÖ‡š’i †_‡KI cweÎ| gvbylB mewKQz †_‡K gnxqvb|
DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1G †f`v‡f`nxb mgvR Movi `„p cÖZ¨q e¨³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h mgv‡Ri gvby‡li mevB wg‡jwg‡k emevm Ki‡e| me
AnsKvi fz‡j mevB Lvevi fvMvfvwM K‡i Lv‡e| KviI cÖwZ †KD AwePvi Ki‡e bv| mv‡g¨i wfwˇZ mevB GKZve× n‡q Awfbœ mgvR
M‡o Zzj‡e|
ÔgvbylÕ KweZvq gvbyl‡K mewKQzi E‡aŸ© fvevi †h †PZbvwU cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q, †mB †PZbvwU DÏxc‡KI cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| ÔgvbylÕ KweZvqI
Kwe ag©MÖš’, ag©, †`k, Kvj, RvwZ mg¯@ wKQzi E‡aŸ© gvby‡li RqMvb †M‡q‡Qb| myZivs ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1Gi g”jfve ÔgvbylÕ
KweZvi Kwei cÖZ¨vkv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki Ask-1Gi g”jfve ÔgvbylÕ KweZvi Kwei cÖZ¨vkv‡K aviY K‡i‡Q|
cÖkœ  06 †nwi‡j gv‡qi gyL,
`”‡i hvq me `yL,
gv‡qi †Kv‡j‡Z ï‡q Ryovq civb,
gv‡qi kxZj †Kv‡j
mKj hvZbv †fv‡j
KZ bv †mvnv‡M gvZv eyKwU fivb|
K. Ôbqb bxiÕ A_© Kx? 1
L. Ôweinx gv‡qi G‡Kjv civb †`v‡jÕ K_vwU eywS‡q †j‡Lv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi me w`K dz‡U D‡Vwb|Ó gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  230

6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

h Ôbqb bxiÕ A_© †Pv‡Li cvwb|
i Amy¯’ †Q‡ji g„Zy¨ Avk¼vq `ywðš@vMÖ¯@ nIqvi Kvi‡Y weinx gv‡qi G‡Kjv civb †`v‡j|
gv‡qi Kv‡Q Zvi mš@vb c„w_exi †kÖô m¤“`| gv m`v Zvi mš@v‡bi g½j Kvgbv K‡ib| ZvB hLb mš@vb Amy¯’ nq ZLb gv‡qi gb
`yt‡L f‡i I‡V| ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq GK Amy¯’ †Q‡ji Rb¨ gv‡qi gbtKó I Avk¼v cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| Amy¯’ †Q‡ji gv_vi Kv‡Q gv
mvivivZ wbN©yg e‡m _v‡Kb| †Kv‡bv GK ARvbv Avk¼vq Zvi civb `y‡j I‡V| g”jZ, Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi g„Zy¨ Avk¼vq `ywðš@vMÖ¯@
nIqvi Kvi‡YB weinx gv‡qi civb †`v‡j|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Amy¯’ †Q‡ji g„Zz¨i k¼vq weinx gv‡qi G‡Kjv civb †`v‡j|
j DÏxc‡K ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gvZ…‡ø‡ni kvk¦Z iƒcwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvq `wi`Ö cwiev‡ii †Q‡jwUi mywPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| MÖvgvÂj e‡j fv‡jv Wv³vi ev nvmcvZvj †bB|
ZvQvov †Q‡jwUi gv Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y DbœZ wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡i bv iyM&Y †Q‡jwUi| d‡j †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m gvbZ Avi ZRwe
R‡c †ivMgyw³ Kvgbv K‡i| cwjÐRbbxi msmv‡i Afve-AbUb _vK‡jI gvZ…‡ø‡ni †Kv‡bv NvUwZ †bB|
DÏxc‡K gv I mš@v‡bi AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Kwe Zuvi gv‡qi gyL †`‡L me `ytL-Kó fz‡j hvb| gv‡qi †Kv‡j
ky‡q wZwb cig kvwš@ cvb| Kwei gv Kwe‡K A‡bK Av`i-†øn K‡ib| †øn-fv‡jvevmv w`‡q Kwei eyKwU fwi‡q iv‡Lb| ZvB ejv hvq,
DÏxc‡K ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gvZ…‡ø‡ni kvk¦Z iƒcwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K ÔcwjÐRbbxÕ KweZvi gvZ…‡ø‡ni kvk¦Z iƒcwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
k ÒDÏxc‡K Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvi me w`K dz‡U D‡Vwb|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvq Kwe Amy¯’ mš@v‡bi wkq‡i emv GK `ytwLbx gv‡qi K_v e‡j‡Qb| GLv‡b cwj­Rbbxi mš@vb nviv‡bvi k¼v Zz‡j
aiv n‡q‡Q| cy‡Îi †ivMkh¨vi cv‡k wbey wbey cÖ`xc, Pviw`‡K ey‡bv gkvi wfo, †Wvevi cPvcvZvi MÜ, VvÛv nvIqv cwj­Rbbxi Amy¯’
cy‡Îi Nyg †K‡o †bq| gv i‚M&Y mš@vb‡K ey‡Ki mg¯@ †mœn w`‡q Nyg cvov‡Z Pvb| †Q‡ji my¯’Zvi Rb¨ gvbZ K‡ib| Avj­vn&, imyj,
wc‡ii Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡ib AkÖ‚wm³ bq‡b|
DÏxc‡K gv I mš@v‡bi AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki Kwe Zuvi gv‡qi gyL †`‡L me `ytL-Kó fz‡j hvb| gv‡qi †Kv‡j
ky‡q wZwb cig kvwš@ cvb| Kwei gv Kwe‡K A‡bK Av`i-†øn K‡ib| †øn-fv‡jvevmv w`‡q Kwei eyKwU fwi‡q iv‡Lb|
Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvq †`Lv hvq, cwj­gvZv AZ¨š@ `wi`ª e‡j mš@v‡bi Amy¯’Zvq wZwb †Kv‡bv Ilya-c_¨ †RvMvo Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| mš@vb
my¯’ _vKve¯’vqI Zvi Ave`vi i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| Amy¯’ †Q‡ji wkq‡i e‡m cwj­Rbbx euvke‡b KvbvKz‡qvi WvK, ev`y‡oi cvLv
SvcUvwb, †RvbvwKi ¶xY Av‡jvq Kvd‡bi Kvc‡oi g‡Zv ïå Kzqvkv BZ¨vw` cÖZ¨¶ K‡i Aï‡fi Bw½Z g‡b K‡ib| DÏxc‡K Gme
wel‡qi D‡j­L †bB| ZvB ejv hvq †h, cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_© n‡q‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : ÒDÏxc‡K Ôcwj­RbbxÕ KweZvi me w`K dz‡U D‡Vwb|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
cÖkœ  07 iv‡Zi Auvav‡i iƒccyi MÖv‡g AZwK©‡Z nvgjv ïi‚ K‡i cvK nvbv`vi evwnbx| evRv‡ii †`vKvb cvU, Ni-evwo cywo‡q †`q
Zviv| wbwe©Pv‡i Mywj Pvjvq wbixn gvby‡li Ici| GK gv‡qi nvnvKvi _vg‡Z bv _vg‡ZB Av‡iK gv‡qi eyK Lvwj n‡q hvq| GK wcZvi
nvZ †_‡K Ke‡ii KuvPvgvwU S‡i co‡Z bv co‡ZB k”b¨ nq Av‡iK wcZvi eyK| AvZ‡¼ Rxeb euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ cvjv‡bvi †Póv K‡i †KD
†KD| †mB wefxwlKvgq cwiw¯’wZ GL‡bv Zvwo‡q †eovq MÖvgevmx‡K|
K. RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ Kx‡mi g‡Zv wPrKvi Kij? 1
L. ÔZzwg Avm‡e e‡j QvB n‡jv MÖv‡gi ci MÖvgÕ PiYwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡K Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi †h w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxcKwU Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi LÊwPÎ gvÎÓ gš@e¨wU we‡kÐlY K‡iv| 4
7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ `vb‡ei g‡Zv wPrKvi Kij|
i Av‡jvP¨ PiYwU‡Z eû aŸsmh‡Ái ga¨ w`‡q evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvcÖvwßi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
cvwK¯@vwb kvmK‡Mvôx mgMÖ evOvwj RvwZ‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡Z †P‡qwQj| ZvB Zviv MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg R¡vwj‡q cywo‡q QviLvi K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
wKš‘ Zv‡ZI evOvwj‡K `wg‡q ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| exi evOvwj gyw³hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q ¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Av‡jvP¨ PiYwU‡Z eû aŸsmh‡Ái ga¨ w`‡q evOvwji ¯^vaxbZvcÖvwßi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡K Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi aŸsmh‡Ái w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq gyw³hy‡×i bvbv w`K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| cvKevwnbx G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Ici AK_¨ wbh©vZb
Pvjvq| R¡vwj‡q †`q Nievwo| d‡j †`‡ki gyw³i j‡¶¨ mKj †kÖwY-†ckvi gvbyl gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q c‡o|
DÏxc‡K Ackw³i wbg©gZvi wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| MÖv‡gi mvaviY gvby‡li Ici cvwK¯@vwb evwnbx wbwe©Pv‡i nvgjv K‡i| Zv‡`i wbh©vZ‡b
MÖv‡g wefxwlKvgq cwiw¯’wZi m„wó nq gyn”‡Z©B| Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvqI cvKevwnbxi ee©iZvi wPÎ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb
Kwe| ¯^vaxbZv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨ nwi`vmx‡K weaev n‡Z nq| me©¯^ nviv‡Z nq mvwKbv wewe‡K| RjcvB i‡Oi U¨v¼ wb‡q nvbv`vi evwnbx
kn‡i †Xv‡K Ges aŸsmhÁ Pvjvq| KweZvq ewY©Z wbh©vZ‡bi GB we‡kl wPÎwU DÏxc‡KI mgvbfv‡e j¶ Kiv hvq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi aŸsmh‡Ái w`KwU dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  231

k ÒDÏxcKwU Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, Ô†n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvi LÊwPÎ gvÎ|ÓÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq gyw³hy×Kvjxb bvbv w`K dz‡U D‡V‡Q| evOvwj RvwZ‡K ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ eû `ytL-Kó I
Z¨vM-wZwZ¶v ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| Nievwo, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb nviv‡Z n‡q‡Q| eû b„ksm AwfÁZvi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡q‡Q|
DÏxc‡K cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡ii wPÎ Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q| Zviv G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Ici wbg©g wbh©vZb Pvjvq| kn‡i-MÖv‡g
Xz‡K Zviv MYnZ¨v Pvjvq| MÖv‡gi Nievwo, †`vKvbcvU cywo‡q †`q| Zviv me©ÎB ZvÊe jxjv Pvjvq|
Ô†Zvgv‡K cvIqvi R‡b¨, †n ¯^vaxbZvÕ KweZvq Kwe ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ¯^iƒc D‡b¥vPb Ki‡Z wM‡q †ek wKQy welq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Gi gv‡S
nvbv`vi evwnbxi ee©iZv, gyw³hy‡× bvix‡`i AvZ¥Z¨vM, gyw³‡hv×v‡`i `„pZv Ges ¯^vaxbZvi Zxeª AvKv¸¶v dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wKš‘ DÏxc‡K
kyay k΂i AZ¨vPv‡ii wPÎ Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q| k΂i AZ¨vPv‡ii eY©bv †hgb KweZvwU‡Z cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q †Zgwb cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wPÎI Av‡Q|
KweZvi GB e¨vcK welq DÏxcKwU‡Z Abycw¯’Z| ZvB cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_© ejv hvq|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxcKwU‡Z Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi mgMÖ fve dz‡U bv IVvq DÏxcKwU‡K Av‡jvP¨ KweZvi LÊwPÎ ejv hvq|
cÖkœ  08 G cweÎ evsjv‡`k
evOvwji Avgv‡`i
w`qv cÖnv‡ib abÄq
Zvov‡ev Avgiv Kwi bv fq
hZ ci‡`wk `my¨ WvKvZ
ivgv‡`i Mvgv‡`i|
K. Kvi wb‡`©kbvq eyav wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤“ gvBb cyu‡Z †i‡LwQj? 1
L. Ô†Zv‡K †`‡LB eyS‡Z cviwQ †`kUv ¯^vaxb n‡eÕ wgVzi GK_v ejvi KviY Kx? 2
M. DÏxc‡K D‡jÐwLZ Ôivgv MvgvÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Kv‡`i‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÒDÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ †PZbv ÔKvKZvWzqvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi †PZbvi AbyiƒcÓ gš@e¨wUi h_v_©Zv g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
8bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h kvnveywχbi wb‡`©kbvq eyav wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤“ gvBb cuy‡Z †i‡LwQj|
i eyavi †`k‡cÖg, mvnwmKZv I cÖwZ‡kva¯“„nv †`‡L wgVz K_vwU e‡j‡Q|
cwiKíbv Abyhvqx eyav ivRvKvi Avnv` gywÝi N‡i AvMyb †`Iqvi ci Avwj I wgVz Zvi m‡½ †`Lv Ki‡Z Av‡m| eyav‡K Zviv ey‡K Rwo‡q
a‡i e‡j, ÔZzB Avgv‡`i kw³| GLb Avgv‡`i mvg‡b A‡bK KvR| Avgiv gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡Z hvw‛Q| mgqg‡Zv Avme|Õ eyav ZLb
Zv‡`i e‡j, Avwg †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ •Zwi _vKe| hLbB Avm‡e †`L‡e Avwg †iwW| ZLb wgVz e‡j, kvevk| †Zv‡K †`‡LB eyS‡Z cviwQ †h
†`kUv ¯^vaxb n‡e|
Dˇii g”jK_v : eyavi †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †PZbv †`‡L wgVz cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡jwQj|
j DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ Ôivgv MvgvÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m cÖwZdwjZ cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Y gyw³‡hv×v‡`i msMÖvgx †PZbv dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Dcb¨v‡m
wK‡kvi gyw³‡hv×v eyav gyw³‡hv×v‡`i KvQ †_‡K †K‡ivwmb wb‡q ivRvKvi I kvwš@ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨v‡bi Nievwo cywo‡q w`‡q‡Q|
gyw³‡hv×v KgvÛvi kvnveywχbi civgk© Abyhvqx evsKv‡i gvBb cyu‡Z †i‡L wgwjUvwi K¨v¤“ Dwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| gyw³‡hv×viv G †`k †_‡K
k΂‡`i Zvov‡bvi Rb¨ †h msMÖvg K‡i‡Q ZviB cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q Av‡jvP¨ Dcb¨v‡m|
DÏxc‡K evsjv‡`‡ki `my¨, WvKvZ, ivgv, Mvgv A_©vr ¯^vaxbZvi k΂‡`i Zvov‡bvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯@vwb †mbviv
G‡`‡ki wbixn gvby‡li Ici wbg©g wbh©vZb K‡i Ges nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| Zviv G‡`‡ki gvby‡li gb †_‡K ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ‡K wPiZ‡i gy‡Q
w`‡Z Pvq| evOvwj †mB cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i wei‚‡× i‚‡L `uvovq Ges Zv‡`i Ab¨v‡qi mgywPZ Reve w`‡Z m¶g nq| ZvB ejv hvq,
DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ Ôivgv MvgvÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K DwjÐwLZ Ôivgv MvgvÕ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi cvwK¯@vwb nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
k ÒDÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ †PZbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi †PZbvi Abyiƒc|Ó gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× G †`‡ki mvnmx mš@vbiv k΂i wei‚‡× i‚‡L `uvwo‡q‡Q| k΂‡K Zviv bvbvfv‡e Nv‡qj K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i †Mwijv
AvµgY †k‡l k΂iv civwRZ n‡q G‡`k †Q‡o cvwj‡q †h‡Z eva¨ nq| wb‡R‡`i RxebI Zviv DrmM© K‡i‡Q| Avgiv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q FYx|
DÏxc‡K G †`‡ki ivgv, Mvgv `my¨iƒcx k΂‡`i Zvov‡bvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| G †`‡ki mvnmx gyw³‡hv×viv Rxeb evwR †i‡L hy× K‡i AwZ
kw³ai †hv×v‡KI civwRZ K‡i G †`k †_‡K Zvwo‡q w`‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i †mB †PZbvB DÏxc‡Ki KweZvs‡k cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| GLv‡b wbf©‡q
hy× K‡i k΂‡K civwRZ Kivi †¶‡Î evOvwj‡`i Ae`v‡bi w`KwU Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki G Zvrch©c”Y© w`KwU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ
Dcb¨v‡mi eyav Pwi‡Î cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m ewY©Z n‡q‡Q kvnveywÏb, Avwj, wgVz I eyav gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡q cvwK¯@vwb †mbv‡`i wei‚‡× hy× K‡i‡Q|
gyw³‡hv×v KgvÛvi kvnveywχbi cwiKíbv Abymv‡i eyav †Mvc‡b evsKv‡i gvBb cyu‡Z cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi‡`i K¨v¤“ Dwo‡q w`‡q‡Q|
GLv‡b cvwK¯@vwb‡`i mn‡hvMx ivRvKvi‡`i wei‚‡×I gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Ae¯’v‡bi w`KwU Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Gme Kv‡R
mwVKfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q eyav| eyav gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq D`&ey× n‡qB Gme Kv‡R AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q| G w`K †_‡K cÖ‡kœv³ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡K cÖwZdwjZ †PZbv ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyavi †PZbvi Abyiƒc|
 P¨v‡Ýji GmGmwm kU© mv‡Rk‡Ýi DËigvjv  232

cÖkœ  09 1971 mv‡j mvwR` wQ‡jb K‡jR QvÎ| gyw³hy× ïi‚ n‡j wZwb †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ hy‡× †hvM †`b eÜy‡`i mv‡_| hy×
†k‡l Zuvi eÜyiv wd‡i Avm‡jI mvwR` hy‡× kwn` nb| GL‡bv mvwR‡`i eÜy‡`i †`L‡j mvwR‡`i gv Kvbœv †P‡c ivL‡Z cv‡ib bv|
K. eyavi gv-evev †Kvb †iv‡M gviv hvq? 1
L. ÔNyNy †`‡L‡Qv; wKš‘ duv` †`‡Lvwb Puv`Õ| Dw³wU †Kvb cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki mvwR‡`i gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †Kvb Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. ÔmvwR‡`i g‡Zv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvÍZ¨v‡Mi Kvi‡Y AvR Avgiv ¯^vaxbÕ gš@e¨wU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K we‡kÐlY
K‡iv| 4
9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h eyavi gv-evev K‡jivq gviv hvq|
i cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi evwnbx Ges ivRvKvi I kvwš@ KwgwUi AZ¨vPvi m¤“‡K© aviYv w`‡Z eyavi D‡Ï‡k¨ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q|
cvMj ¯^fv‡ei eyav MyßPi n‡q cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤“ wM‡q Avnv` gywÝi mvg‡b c‡o| ZLb †m Zvi A™¢yZ AvPiYMy‡jv Ki‡Z
_v‡K| wKš‘ ivRvKvi‡`i g‡b Zvi m¤“‡K© †Kv‡bv mnvbyf‚wZi cwie‡Z© †¶v‡fi m„wó nq| Zv‡K KvKZvo~qv evwb‡q mvRv w`‡Z wM‡q
ivRvKviiv Av‡jvP¨ Dw³wU K‡i‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : cvwK¯@vwb wgwjUvwi evwnbx Ges ivRvKvi I kvwš@ KwgwUi AZ¨vPvi m¤“‡K© aviYv w`‡Z eyavi D‡Ï‡k¨ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q|
j DÏxc‡Ki mvwR‡`i gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi kwn` gayi gv‡qi Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡m gay cvKevwnbxi nv‡Z kwn` n‡q‡Q| Zvi fvB gyw³hy‡× †hvM w`‡Z evwo †Q‡o P‡j †M‡Q| GKwUgvÎ †evb †mI
k¦ïievwo‡Z| mš@vb nviv‡bvi †e`bvq gayi gv Mfxifv‡e `ytLfvivµvš@| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z eyav‡K †`‡L wZwb mš@vb nviv‡bvi e¨_v
wKQzUv fz‡j _vK‡Z Pvb| eyav‡K wZwb Z…wß K‡i LvIqvb, †Pv‡L †Pv‡L ivL‡Z Pvb; hv mš@vbcÖxwZi Mfxi cwiPq enb K‡i|
DÏxc‡Ki mvwR` 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡× †hvM`vb K‡i †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨| †`k ¯^vaxb nq| eÜyiv mevB wd‡i G‡jI mvwR` Avi
wd‡i Av‡mwb| mvwR‡`i gv GL‡bv mvwR‡`i eÜy‡`i †`L‡j Kvbœvq †f‡O c‡ob| ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gayi gv‡qi g‡Zv mvwR‡`i
gvI mvwR‡`i eÜy‡`i †`L‡j Kvbœv †P‡c ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| mš@vb nviv‡bvi †e`bv Ges evrm‡j¨i w`KwU DÏxc‡Ki mvwR‡`i gv Ges
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi gayi gv‡qi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c”Y©|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mvwR‡`i gv‡qi mv‡_ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi kwn` gayi gv‡qi Pwi‡Îi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q|
k ÔmvwR‡`i g‡Zv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvÍZ¨v‡Mi Kvi‡Y AvR Avgiv ¯^vaxb|ÕÑ gš@e¨wU ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Av‡jv‡K h_v_©|
ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi eyav eq‡m wK‡kvi n‡jI GKRb cÖK…Z gyw³‡hv×v, AKz‡Zvfq †`k‡cÖwgK| Zvi †Kv‡bv fq-Wi †bB| †m kvwš@
KwgwUi †Pqvig¨v‡bi evwo‡Z AvMyb jvwM‡q †`q| nvbv`vi evwnbxi evsKv‡i gvBb cuy‡Z †i‡L K¨v¤“ Mywo‡q †`q| eyavi g‡Zv †`k‡cÖwgK
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Kvi‡YB AvR †`k ¯^vaxb|
DÏxc‡Ki mvwR` I Zvi eÜyiv 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i| †`k‡K ¯^vaxb Kivi Rb¨ Zviv cÖvYcY hy× K‡i| hy× †k‡l
mvwR‡`i eÜyiv evwo wd‡i Av‡m| wKš‘ mvwR` †`‡ki Rb¨ cÖvY DrmM© K‡i|
Dchy©³ Av‡jvPbvq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k AR©‡bi Rb¨ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi †h AvÍZ¨v‡Mi wPÎ cvIqv hvq, DÏxc‡KI Zv
cwijw¶Z nq| ZvB ejv hvq †h, ÔmvwR‡`i g‡Zv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvÍZ¨v‡Mi Kvi‡Y AvR Avgiv ¯^vaxbÕ|Ñ ÔKvKZvo~qvÕ Dcb¨v‡mi
Av‡jv‡K H c‡_i ¯^iƒc GLv‡b ¯“ó n‡q D‡V‡Q|
Dˇii g”jK_v : mvwR‡`i g‡Zv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvÍZ¨v‡Mi Kvi‡Y AvR Avgiv ¯^vaxb|
cÖkœ  10 w`bgRyi Imgv‡bi e‡ov †g‡q iv‡njv `kg †kÖwY‡Z co‡Q| †`L‡Z †ek my›`ix nIqvq MÖv‡gi gvZeŸi nvmgZ †gvjÐvi `yevB
cÖevmx gvSeqwm †Q‡j AvRg‡Zi mv‡_ Zvi we‡qi cÖ¯@ve Av‡m| iv‡njvi g‡Zi wei‚‡× Zvi evev we‡qi K_v cvKvcvwK K‡i †d‡jb|
wbi‚cvq n‡q iv‡njv Zvi ¯‥z‡ji cÖavb wk¶‡Ki kiYvcbœ nq| cÖavb wk¶K Zr¶Yvr cÖkvm‡bi mnvqZvq GB we‡q e‡Üi e¨e¯’v K‡ib|
K. bvU‡Ki cÖvY Kx? 1
L. nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvbwb †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Kvb Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib? eY©bv K‡iv| 3
N. ÔDÏxc‡Ki iv‡njv †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡ÎiB cÖwZ‛QweÕ gš@e¨wU g”j¨vqb K‡iv| 4
10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h bvU‡Ki cÖvY n‡‛Q msjvc|
i e¨w³Z¡m¤“bœ gvbyl e‡jB nv‡Zg Avwj AvZ¥¯^v_© PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡niv‡K wci mv‡n‡ei nv‡Z Zy‡j w`‡Z Pvbwb|
Rwg`vwi i¶vi Rb¨ nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii nv‡Z mgc©Y Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv nxb KvR K‡i Rwg`vwi i¶v Kivi g‡Zv bxP
e¨w³ wZwb bb| ZvB kyay wb‡Ri ¯^v‡_©i Rb¨ nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii nv‡Z Zy‡j w`‡Z ivwR nbwb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : bxwZweewR©Z KvR †f‡e nv‡Zg Avwj Zv‡niv‡K ewncx‡ii nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvbwb|
j DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki GKwU AvÍm‡PZbg”jK PwiÎ n‡jv nv‡kg Avwj| Zvi g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv I i‚wP‡ev‡ai cwiPq cvIqv hvq| Zvi g‡b
cÖwZev`x †PZbv i‡q‡Q| KviY cy‡iv eRivi gvbyl hLb Zv‡nivi wec‡¶ P‡j hvq ZLb nv‡kg Avwj Zv‡nivi c¶ †bq| e„× wci
Zv‡niv‡K AwaKvi Ki‡Z PvB‡j nv‡kgB Zv‡niv‡K wb‡q bZzb Rxe‡bi mÜv‡b †ei nq| cÖwZev`x †PZbvi AwaKvix nIqvq nv‡kg Avwj
ZrKvjxb i¶Ykxj mgv‡R e„× wc‡ii cÖwZ N„Yv cÖ`k©b Kivi `ytmvnm †`Lv‡Z m¶g nq|
 evsjv cÖ_g cÎ  233

DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K cÖwZev`x f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb| KviY Zvi QvÎx iv‡njv‡K wZwb evj¨ we‡qi nvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡ib| iv‡njvi
evev †Rvic”e©K `yevB cÖevmx gvSeqmx †jv‡Ki mv‡_ iv‡njvi we‡q w`‡Z †P‡qwQj| wbi‚cvq n‡q iv‡njv cÖavb wk¶‡Ki kiYvcbœ nq|
cÖavb wk¶K iv‡njvi Amg we‡q eÜ Ki‡Z m¶g nq| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki cÖavb wk¶K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki nv‡kg Avwji cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib|
k DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njv †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡ÎiB cÖwZ‛QweÕÑ gš@e¨wU h_v_©|
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ AvaywbK gb‡bi AwaKvix bvU¨Kvi •mq` IqvjxDjÐvn&i RbwcÖq GKwU bvUK ÔewncxiÕ| G bvU‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h,
ewncxi‡K we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq bv e‡j Zv‡niv Ni †_‡K cvwj‡q hvq| NUbvµ‡g GKB eRivq ewncx‡ii Ae¯’vb Rvb‡Z cvi‡j ewncxi‡K
we‡q bv Kivi giYcY cÖwZÁvi K_v Rvbvq| bvU‡Ki †kl ch©v‡q ewncx‡ii Kej †_‡K gyw³ w`‡Z Zv‡niv‡K wb‡q cvwj‡q hvq
Rwg`vicyÎ nv‡kg Avwj|
DÏxc‡Ki `kg †kÖwYi †gavex QvÎx iv‡njv we‡q bv K‡i cov‡jLv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z Pvq| G K_v cÖavb wk¶K‡K Rvbv‡j wZwb cÖkvm‡bi
mnvqZvq Zvi we‡q eÜ K‡i cov‡jLv Pvwj‡q hvIqvi my‡hvM K‡i †`b| d‡j iv‡njv Amg we‡qi nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvq| DÏxc‡Ki
iv‡njv we‡q eÜ Ki‡Z Dchy³ †K․kj Aej¤^b K‡i|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K ewncxi‡K we‡q bv Ki‡Z PvPv‡Zv fvB‡K wb‡q Ni †Q‡o cvwj‡q hvq Zv‡niv| wKš‘ NUbvµ‡g GKB eRivq Zv‡niv I ewncxi
AvkÖq †bq| bvU‡Ki †k‡l nv‡kg Avwj Zv‡K cvwj‡q wb‡q wM‡q ewncx‡ii nvZ †_‡K gyw³ †`q| Zv‡niv I DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njv Df‡qB cÖwZev`x
†PZbvi Kvi‡Y Amg we‡q eÜ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| myZivs DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njv †hb ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡ÎiB cÖwZ‛Qwe|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki iv‡njv‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Zv‡niv Pwi‡ÎiB cÖwZ‛Qwe ejv hvq|
cÖkœ  11 eQi K‡qK Av‡M cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnv‡o moK †Nu‡l gbydwKi bv‡g GK ISv Av¯@vbv Muv‡o| wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ Zvi
Av¯@vbvq mvaviY gvby‡li Avbv‡Mvbv †e‡o hvq| mijgbv gvby‡li UvKv-cqmv I Dcnvi mvgMÖx †c‡q Aíw`‡bB gbydwKi A‡Xj m¤“‡`i
gvwjK e‡b hvq| Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨ D³ ISvi Av¯@vbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i GKwU my‡hvM mÜvbx Pµ M‡o D‡V| d‡j GjvKvq Aciva cÖeYZv I
Kzms¯‥vi evo‡Z _v‡K|
K. ewncx‡ii mnKvixi bvg Kx? 1
L. Ô`ywbqvUv mwZ¨ KwVb cix¶v‡K›`ªÕ ewncxi †Kb GK_v e‡jb? 2
M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mijgbv gvbyl ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki Kvi ev Kv‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki gbydwKi‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii h_v_© cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq wK? †Zvgvi Dˇii c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
h ewncx‡ii mnKvixi bvg nwKKzjÐvn|
i Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi nviv‡bv I we‡qi Avmi †_‡K eD cvwj‡q hvIqvi Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ewncxi cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
nv‡Zg Avwj wbwðZ wQj Zvi Rwg`vwi nviv‡bvi e¨vcv‡i| ewncx‡ii Kv‡Q †m cÖ_‡g †Mvcb Ki‡jI c‡i mwZ¨ K_v e‡j| ewncxiI Zvi
`‚ie¯’vi K_v nv‡Zg Avwji Kv‡Q ¯^xKvi K‡i| `yR‡bB hLb wech©¯’ Ae¯’vi m¤§yLxb ZLb wci nv‡Zg Avwj‡K AvjÐvni Ici fimv
ivL‡Z e‡jb| †Kbbv Zvi wek^vm `ywbqvUv GK g¯@ e‡ov cix¶v‡¶Î Avi AvjÐvn Zv‡`i cix¶v wb‡‛Qb|
Dˇii g”jK_v : Rwg`vi nv‡Zg Avwji Rwg`vwi nviv‡bv I we‡qi Avmi †_‡K eD cvwj‡q hvIqvi Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ewncxi cÖ‡kœv³ K_vwU e‡j‡Qb|
j DÏxc‡K ewY©Z mijgbv gvbyl ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rv Pwi‡Îi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡K evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZ¨š@ A‡ji gymjgvb mgv‡R †Ru‡K emv wcicÖ_v, Kzms¯‥vi I AÜwek¦v‡mi w`KwU ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G
bvU‡K †Lv‡`Rv PwiÎwU GKwU Kzms¯‥viv‛Qbœ PwiÎ| wZwb Zv‡niv‡K wc‡ii Kv‡Q wd‡i †h‡Z e‡jb| KviY wZwb g‡b K‡ib, wc‡ii ¯¿x
nIqv †m․fvM¨RbK Ges wc‡ii K_vq Aeva¨ n‡j ¶wZMÖ¯@ n‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ cyÎ nv‡kg‡KI wc‡ii we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡ib|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi cvnv‡oi moK †Nu‡l gbydwKi bv‡g GKRb ISv Av¯@vbv †Mu‡o‡Q| ILv‡b mvaviY gvby‡li
Avbv‡Mvbv †e‡o hvq| mijgbv gvby‡liv UvKv, cqmv, Dcnvi mvgMÖx w`‡q gbydwKi‡K A‡Xj m¤“wËi gvwjK K‡i †Zv‡j| D³
Av¯@vbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i my‡hvM mÜvbx Pµ M‡o I‡V Ges GjvKvq Aciva cÖeYZv I Kzms¯‥vi †e‡o hvq| DÏxc‡Ki mvaviY mijgbv
gvby‡li AÜwek¦vm Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rvi wci m¤“‡K© wek¦vm †hb GKB m”‡Î MÖwš’Z| ZvB ejv hvq †h, DÏxc‡K ewY©Z
mijgbv gvbyl ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib|
Dˇii g”jK_v : DÏxc‡Ki mvaviY mijgbv gvby‡li AÜwek¦vm Ges ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki †Lv‡`Rvi wci m¤“‡K© wek¦vm †hb GKB m”‡Î MÖwš’Z|
k DÏxc‡Ki gbydwKi‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii h_v_© cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq bv|
MÖvgv‡ji A‡bK gvbylB Aíwkw¶Z, ag©vÜ I AÁ| Kzms¯‥vi Zv‡`i g¾vq wg‡k Av‡Q| wKQz ag©e¨emvqx mijcÖvY gvby‡li GB
`ye©jZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q jvfevb nq| d‡j mnR-mij MÖvgevmx GB cÖZviYvi wkKvi nq †ewk|
DÏxc‡K ewY©Z gbydwKi bv‡g GK fÊ ag©e¨emvqx mijgbv gvby‡li UvKv-cqmv I Dcnvi mvgMÖx wb‡q A‡Xj m¤“‡`i gvwjK e‡b hvq|
mvaviY gvby‡li ag©wek¦vm‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q gbydwK‡ii Av¯@vbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i wKQz Amvay my‡hvM mÜvbx Pµ M‡o I‡V| d‡j GjvKvq
Aciva cÖeYZv I Kzms¯‥vi †e‡o hvq|
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki wci ag©‡K e¨envi K‡i RxweKvwbe©vn K‡i| •RweK Pvwn`v c”iY Ki‡ZI ag©‡K Kv‡R jvMvq| wKš‘ Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU
gvbweK MyYI j¶ Kiv hvq| †m †kl ch©š@ Rwg`vi‡K webv k‡Z© mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges Zv‡niv nv‡k‡gi m‡½ P‡j hvIqv‡K †g‡b wb‡q hyM
m‡PZbZvi cwiPq †`q| wKš‘ DÏxc‡Ki gbydwK‡ii g‡a¨ †Zgb †Kv‡bv •ewkó¨ dz‡U I‡Vwb| ZvB ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki gbydwKi‡K
ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii h_v_© cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq bv|
Dˇii g”jK_v : gvbweK MyYvewji w`K w`‡q DÏxc‡Ki gbydwKi‡K ÔewncxiÕ bvU‡Ki ewncx‡ii h_v_© cÖwZwbwa ejv hvq bv|