ENGLISH DIDACTIC RESOURCES TENTH

UNIT ONE: What do you like to do?

TOPIC: Hobbies and Entertainment

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Does Ecuador have any Olympic champions? In what events?

1. Read the following text about “History of the Olympics”.

History of the Olympics
The Olympic Games were started in ancient Greece 3,000 years ago and they were brought back to life in the
19th century. At the beginning, the Olympic Games were a celebration. People participated to honor the god
Zeus, every four years from the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D. The first modern Olympic Games took
place in Athens, in 1896 with only 280 athletes from 13 nations. The participants competed in 43 competitions.
In 1994, the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games were split. Today, the Olympics are the
most important sports competition in the world with more than 300 events. In 1896, track and field, gymnastics,
swimming, shooting, fencing, cycling, tennis, weightlifting, and others like figure skating and ice hockey were
added.
2. Answer the following questions.
 What other sports championship or tournament can you name?
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 What is your favorite sport? Why do you like it?
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 Are there any sports you dislike? Explain.
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 Which sport is the easiest to practice in your city?
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 Write the name of each sport under the picture it corresponds to.

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Oral Communication

TOPIC: What are some of the differences between American football and rugby?

American Football and Rugby.

1. Listen to two sport experts talking about football and rugby. Take notes on what they say about the
characteristics of each sport. Write down the important points that you hear. Listen two or three times.
Football
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Rugby
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2. Now listen again and organize your notes in the Venn Diagram below. Write the things that the two sports
have in common in the middle.

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 3. Pair work. Ask a partner. Do you know anything about rugby and American football? Have you seen a game of
any of these sports? Based on the description of these sports, which one do you like the most? Why?

Reading

TOPIC: What is important when you play on a team? Do you think that uniforms are important? Why?

1. Read the text and answer the question. Pay attention to how uniforms have changed over time. How have
uniforms changed and improved?
The History of Soccer Uniforms.
The uniforms that soccer players wear are not just jerseys. Soccer uniforms did not always look like they do now.
Over time, the rules for uniforms changed. The players could wear whatever clothes they wanted. They usually
used white shirts, long pants, and colorful hats or scarves to distinguish themselves from the opponents.
Around 1870, the public asked for uniforms for the players. Since then, soccer players have worn uniforms with
the colors that represent the team. Samuel Widdowson invented shin guards in 1874. His idea was not accepted
at first, but then other players used them too.
Since the 1990s, soccer shirts have been designed with light synthetic fabric for athletic activity.
By the 1960s, the soccer uniforms started resembling the athletic apparel we see today.
Soccer uniforms are basic. They include a short-sleeved top, shorts, high socks over shin guards, and soccer
cleats.

After Reading

a. How have soccer uniforms changed throughout history?

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b. Do you think that soccer uniforms can be still improved? Why? Would you change anything?

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c. Compare and contrast the uniforms of 2 teams. Is one better than the other? Why?
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2. Now, draw your own uniform and describe it. Be prepared to share it with your class.

Writing

TOPIC: What was the best moment in the history of sports?

My Favorite Sports Moment

Every time someone tells a series of events, this is called narration. Telling a story is not as simple as it seems. There are
three types of narration: first person, second person, and third person, and each has a purpose.

First person

In this type of narration, a character tells the story from his/her perspective. You can recognize it by the use of “I”, “me”,
or “we”.

Second person

In this type of narration, the author uses a narrator to communicate directly to the reader. You can notice a lot of “you”,
“your”, and “yours.”

Third person

Here, a narrator who is external tells the story. You can notice many cases of “he”, “she”, “it”, or “they” in this type of
narration.

1. Think of a sports moment that you really like. It can be from any time or place. Write down all the information
you know about this moment. Include what the moment was, when it was, who was involved, why you liked
it, etc.
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 What?
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When?
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Where?
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Before
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Then...
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
After
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2. In Your Notebook, with all the ideas and information that you collected, write a short 80-90 words narration.
Be sure to write all the events in chronological order. Use at least five-time expressions, for example: before,
after, during, as soon as, while, then, later, at the same time, etc.

Communication and Cultural Awareness

TOPIC: Do you think that all the words of a language can be translated literally to another language?

Phrasal Verbs

A phrasal verb is a phrase that results from the combination of a verb and a preposition, an adverb, or both. The function
of a phrasal verb is to convey a meaning different from the literal meaning of the individual words that form it.

1. Below are some phrasal verbs related to sports. Try to guess what they mean using the context.
 I enjoy working out at the gym every night after work.
 Oh no! I ate too much pizza. I must work off every slice of it if I want to wear that dress!
 Don’t start yet! You need to warm up first, or you can get a sprain.
 Michael loves baseball and he is good at it. He should try out for the team.
 Near the end of a triathlon, many athletes pass out due to exhaustion and dehydration.
 Did you see that Andy Ruiz Jr. won the fight when he knocked out his opponent?
 Daniel Cormier never gives up during a fight, that is why he is the UFC heavyweight champion.
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 2. Write the number of the phrasal verb next to its definition.

3. Pair work. With a partner practice saying sentences that include phrasal verbs.

Oral Communication

TOPIC: Give examples of extreme sports. Which extreme sports can you do in your country?

1. Listen to the following recording about places to travel to practice extreme sports. As you listen the first time,
fill in the chart with the important information you hear. Then, the second time, check if the sport is
interesting or boring to you.
Extreme sports

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 2. Pair work. Ask your classmates if they have done the sports listed above. When and where have then done
them?
For example: Have you played tennis? Where?

Sport Name where

3. Work in pairs: Discuss some questions about sports with a partner. Use “me too” and “me neither”.
Example: Do you like roller coasters? Why or why not?

Reading

TOPIC: What amusement parks have you visited?

1. Read the text “The History of Bakken Amusement Park”.

When we think of amusement parks, usually very modern places with new technology come to mind. We think
of countries like the United States or Japan, that have many modern attractions. However, in the northern part of
the city of Copenhagen, Denmark, there is the oldest amusement park in the world, Bakken. This park opened in
1583 and still operates today. There are 150 games in its facilities, some that are very interesting like the wooden
roller coaster built in 1932. This park is the second most important tourist attraction in Denmark. Originally, this
park offered fireworks, amusement rides and dancing games. But throughout history, most parks have closed
and new ones have appeared. Bakken, unlike many others, has survived, and is still operating today.
After Reading
2. What other type of attractions do you think Bakken has? Why do you think that it has survived for so many
years?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Do you know of other amusement parks with an interesting history?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think are some of the most important tourist attractions in your country?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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Writing

TOPIC: What phrasal verbs do you use without even thinking about them?

More Phrasal Verbs

1. People use phrasal verbs in everyday conversations. You learned some phrasal verbs related to sports. What
other phrasal verbs do you know? Write three of them here with their meaning and use them in an original
sentence.

2. Now, in pairs, choose four of the phrasal verbs you learned in this unit and create a dialogue that could take
place in an amusement park. Make a dialogue that you can relate to. Write a short dialogue of 60-80 words.
Be prepared to act it out in front of your class. You can use the past and present tenses.
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MODULE TWO: Breaking the Law.

Communication and Cultural Awareness

TOPIC: How do you think justice was handled in different societies in the past?

1. Read the text and answer the following questions.

The Study of Crime.
Criminology is based on the ideas of some thinkers and philosophers. They asked how we can live in society and
thought it was only possible thanks to a construction we all live in called “social contract”. That is, we limit some
of our freedom in order to live peacefully in society. If someone breaks the social contract, society makes them
pay through punishments or limitations. There are many types of criminals like burglars, robbers, identity
thieves, bank robbers, shoplifters, pickpockets, kidnappers and society has made laws to punish all these people.
Nowadays
the solution is taking away a person´s of freedom, or in more serious cases, the death penalty.
 What did philosophers think was necessary to live peacefully in society?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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 Explain in your own words what “social contract” is. Give examples from your life situation.
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 According to the text, how does society keep the peace?
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 What types of justice from the past have you heard about?
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 Complete the sentences with the words in the chart.

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 a. A person who steals from a store is a _______________________________________.
b. A person who enters a home or building to steal is a ___________________________________.
c. A person who takes the name of another person is an ___________________________________.
d. A person who takes the money from the bank is a _______________________________________.
e. A person who takes a person until someone pays to get them back is a ____________________________.
f. A person who steals things from purses or bags is a ____________________________________.
g. A person who takes the ideas of another person without giving them credit is a_______________________.
h. A person who sells illegal substances is a __________________________________.

Oral Communication

TOPIC: What are some of the jobs that exist that are related to crime?

1. Listen to a social assistant and an unemployed man talking about jobs related to crime. Write notes about
what the responsibilities of each job are.
 _____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Order them according to the salary they have.

3. Which jobs related to crime did you already know? Do you know any other job related to crime? Based on the
description of these jobs, which one would you be interested in? Why?

Reading

Topic: What are the conditions in different prisons around the world?

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Prisons Around the World.

At the beginning of the module, we saw that justice is a social construction. Each society is different. Prisons are the
result of how each society chooses to punish people who do not comply with the established social contract. For this
reason, prisons around the world are so different.

In some countries, prisons are horrible places. Inmates live in overcrowded cells like in Haiti’s Civil Prison, El Buen Pastor
Women’s prison in Bogota, where each cell is filled up with 20 inmates, or The Maula prison in Lilongwe, Malawi, in
Africa where almost 200prisoners can be crammed into a cell suitable for 60 people. In other countries, especially in
northern Europe, prisons want the inmates to rejoin society when they finish their sentence.

For this reason, prisons are places where criminals rehabilitate. The cells in prisons of countries like Norway, Germany,
Denmark, or Sweden, are comfortable single or double bedrooms with TV, private toilet, musical instruments, some even
have video games.

After Reading

a. According to the text how are prisons around the world different?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
b. What does the “social contract” have to do with the amount of people in a cell?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
c. In which of the two categories of the text are prisons in your country?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What two words can be used to describe the different prisons in the article? Which prisons are in which
category? Write 3 sentences that compare the conditions of each type of prison.
a. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Writing

TOPIC: What is the purpose of a maximum-security prison?

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Why Are Prisons the Way They Are?

Have you ever thought that prisons look like hotels? How about having the most dangerous criminals in the country in
jails without bars, without fences, with big windows and nature? There are criminals around the world and prisons in
every country. However, a maximum-security prison in Norway is the opposite of a maximum-security prison in the US.
Prisons in Norway challenge everything we understand about prisons. In a tour of the Super-Max Administrative Security
Facility (ADX Florence) in Colorado and Halden Prison in Norway, Baz Dreisinger shows how the lives of the prisoners in
these two prisons are so different.

Halden Prison, is a place where prisoners have large windows with a nice view of nature. In contrast, in ADX the cells
have a 10 cm wide window, almost no natural light and information about a person some prisoners spend 23 hours a day
without any human contact. At Halden Prison, cells are like inside college students’ bedrooms. Inmates have beds with
mattresses, private bathrooms, wardrobes, desks, chairs, TVs and videogames. In ADX, inmates sleep on concrete slabs
and have an immovable stool and desk.

In ADX there are many prisoners who will never touch a soft bed, a fork or a remote control ever again. While 30% of
Norway’s prisons are open, the interesting thing is the Norwegian prison system seems to work. The rates of crime are
very low in the country.

1. In your notebook. Think about the prisoners’ conditions in your country live in. Write the justice Minister a 90-
word letter explaining the ideology behind Norway and United States’ prisons and convince him to adopt the
system you agree with. Remember to give good reasons, explanations and examples.

Oral Communication

TOPIC: Do you know what a courtroom sketch artist does? Do you think that is it a difficult job? Why?

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Jobs Related to Crime

Listen to a courtroom sketch artist talking about the secrets of his profession. Take notes while you listen.

Listen again and select True(T) or False(F) and explain your False answers.

2. After listening again, describe the best and worst scenario for a courtroom sketch artist.

3. In your notebook. Investigate a case, read the trial description or create one and draw a courtroom sketch.
Make arrows pointing to the most important objects and people in the portrait.

Communication and Cultural Awareness

TOPIC: What could be some differences between courts in various countries?

1. Read the following text and circle the verbs in Present Perfect tense. Then read again and answer the
questions below.
Why Are Pictures Forbidden in Some Courts?
Today there are all kinds of devices to capture images and record audio and videos. Technology to get
information and share it in real time with everyone has already been invented. However, if we already have all
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 this technology, why are there still people dedicated to drawing the courts instead of taking pictures or making
videos of them?
By 1950 the Supreme Court of the United States had created a rule stating that photographs in the courtroom or
the broadcasting of judicial proceedings from the courtroom were prohibited. In 1972, television cameras were
included in this rule. Since then cameras have been prohibited in courtrooms.
Then, in 1999, cameras were allowed, and the Court released audio of oral arguments, after arguments
concluded. Some of the Supreme Court Justices have opposed allowing cameras into their courtroom. Others
have expressed a wish to allow cameras.
The arguments against cameras in courtrooms are the concern they have about an impact on television when
they show the functioning of the institution. People are going to be very careful before doing, saying or acting
naturally or honestly, because they will be worried about the effect their words may have. Others say that if trials
are televised, people will not see the whole process, or the part aired by the media could have been selected to
show certain things and be unlike what the court does.
2. Go around your class asking 3 of your classmates the following questions.
a. Have you ever been in a trial/court?
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b. Have you ever seen a trial?
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c. What have you learned in this unit?
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d. Have you ever heard about Billy the Kid?
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3. Cameras have been forbidden in courts.

4. Courtroom sketch artists_________________ their jobs until today.

5. The majority of the Courts have voted.

Oral Communication

TOPIC: What are the best heist movies?

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 1. Listen again to the conversation and answer the following questions.
a. Did Jose like Bruce Willis in the movie “Die hard”? Explain.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. List the movies mentioned and who stars in them.
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c. Have you seen any of these films? In your notebook. Write a 80-90 summary of one of the movies or
another movie about a crime.
2. Match the title of the film and the summary.

3. How good are you at creating criminal plots? Choose one film you haven’t seen of the honorable mentions.
(Special Chabbis, Ocean’s Eleven, Office Space, The Town and Now You See Me)
Imagine what the story is about. In your notebook, write a 90-word plot synopsis. Remember using the
present perfect.
For example: This movie tells the story of a bank robber who has killed an innocent man by accident and the
police look for him.

Reading

TOPIC: Who was Billy the Kid and why was he famous?

Can you guess who in the picture is Billy the Kid?

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An Historical Lucky Event

This photograph where we see a group of men may look like an ordinary old photograph. In fact, a lawyer in the US
bought it at a flea market and paid only $10. However, today it is valued in millions of dollars. Its unprecedented history
attracts the attention of many people. How can this “regular” photograph have so much value?

The picture shows 4 men with mustaches and one without a mustache. Researchers say that this boy without a
mustache is William Henry McCarthy, the famous Billy the Kid, a bandit who killed more than 20 people in the Wild West.

But that’s not all. The picture not only shows one of the criminals with the worst reputation in the history of the US, but
in the photograph, we can also see his executioner, the sheriff of New Mexico, Pat Garrett who killed Billy the Kid in
1881. How do we know that the people in the photo are Billy the Kid and Pat Garret? The image of Billy the Kid is known
thanks to two portraits.

In 2010, a couple went to a store in California where they bought an old photograph for two dollars. Some experts
analyzed it and its value went up to 5 million dollars. The photograph that this couple bought, is a picture where you can
see Billy the Kid at the end of the 19th century playing cricket.

But how is it possible that a fugitive and the sheriff who killed him were in the same photo? Garret and Billy the Kid were
good friends until Garrett became a sheriff in Lincoln County, New Mexico, and in 1881 he shot 21-year-old Billy the Kid.

After reading

a. What two pictures are described in the text?

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b. What is amazing about the pictures according to the article?
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c. Write the similarities and differences of the two pictures described in the text.
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d. What do you see in this picture? Write a 90-word paragraph. Explain who these men were and what their
story was. Be creative and prepared to show your story to your class.
Billy------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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What he did:
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Frank
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What he did:
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Writing

TOPIC: How can you access freedom when you are not free?

1. With what you know and have learned in this lesson, create an “art behind the bars” project proposal. Write a
90-word letter to the mayor of your city explaining why you think it is important to have these projects in prisons
and propose one project. Remember to follow a real letter format and give good reasons, and use connectors to
give examples.
Introduction:
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Reason 1:
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Reason 2:
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Reason 3:
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Conclusion:
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MODULE THREE: What will I do in the future?

Our Curiosity About the Future

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Knowing what the future holds is a common curiosity among people. Humanity has always tried to know what will
happen in the future. As a result, multiple ways have been created to try to see the future. Some of these methods seem
simple and others seem very abstract. However, these practices of seeing or trying to read the future are already a type
of art. They even have their ownsuffix, “-mancy”. To practice divination, people often use omens or supernatural powers.
Real or unreal, divination is rooted in many cultures and will probably continue forever.

Communication and Cultural Awareness

Topic: How do you organize your time? How do you remember what to do and when to do it?

Apps for Every Student

1. Answer the following questions, according to your own experience and what you read.
What is the general purpose of apps?
Why are they important?
What is the main purpose of the apps in the blog post?
Have you ever used similar apps to those mentioned on the post? Explain.
Of all the apps in the article, which one would you choose and why?

Oral Communication

Topic: What are your plans for the future?

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 1. Mark each of the following statements as True(T) or False(F) according to what you heard.

2. In the audio, Thomas, Jessy and Anna use all the forms of future. Write one example of each form:
Present Continuous: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Going to: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Will: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What are your plans? Ask 3 classmates for their plans. Write their answers in the table below. Be prepared to
share their answers with the class.

Reading

Topic: How do you think relationships and family life will be in the future? Explain

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 Family Life in the Future.
The world we live in seems completely normal, what we do seems logical and correct. However, everything that is
normal in the present was different in the past.
According to the Sociology Professor Pepper Schwartz, family, love and relationships will change drastically in the
future. In 90 years, technology will have changed our lives so much that social constructions will be different.
Families will become androgynous. Household tasks will no longer be one person’s job solely based on gender. That
is, men will stop being who provide to the family or the main breadwinner in less than a century. Men and women
will both take care of the house and work to earn money.
Schwartz says that there will be many cases of subrogation. In addition to women who can’t have children due to
natural causes, women with a very good income will avoid having many pregnancies. The options may be to have
children outside of the mother’s womb. This will help eliminate the idea of women as more responsible for a child
than the father.
Thanks to scientific advances there will be fewer cases of children with physical or mental defects because they will
be detected and corrected before delivery. Divorce cases will still be common. The life expectancy will be higher, and
the average person will have approximately 3 marriages during their life. The cost of living will rise a lot, which will
make it almost impossible for families to have a house for themselves. Also, raising children will be very expensive.
So, the state will have to provide a subsidy for education. Only very poor and very rich people will have more than
two children.
1. Read the text. Select True(T) or False(F). Correct the (F) ones writing the right answer.

2. Answer these questions:

Do you agree with his predictions? Why or why not? Would you change anything about them?
Do you think that some of these predictions are already true?
Are some of these predictions impossible? Explain.

Writing
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Topic: Can someone actually know what will happen in the future?

A Man Who Saw the Future.

In Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France, in 1503 a child was born who later treated victims of the plague in France and Italy.
Not much is known about his childhood. What we know is that he was a very intelligent child, he managed to pass school
quickly and without difficulties. He studied Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Mathematics, and his grandfather taught him
astrology. At age 14 he entered the University of Avignon to study medicine. This man became a world celebrity, not
because of his medical skills, but because of his predictions. There were and there are people who believe that Michel de
Nostradame, better known as Nostradamus could see the future. His predictions are known to this day and some still
believe that what he said hundreds of years ago will come true in the future.

1. Are you good at predictions? How do you think families, love and relationships will be in the future? Make
your own 10 predictions about family, love and relationships in the future.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What do you think that will happen to you in the future? Brainstorm and write some ideas on the lines below.
Then, in your notebook, write a 80-90 word biography with predictions about what will happen to yourself in
the future. You must use at least FIVE time expressions, for example: after, during, as soon as, while, then,
later, at the same time…
3. How accurate was Nostradamus? In pairs, research some of his predictions about the future and write them
on one side of a page in your notebook. Discuss with your partner whether they are true or false. Then, write
an example or an explanation supporting your opinion.

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