Solution

MATHS

Class 10 - Mathematics
Section A
1. Given, x2 + k(4x + k - 1) + 2 = 0
x2 + 4kx + k2 - k + 2 = 0.
Here, a =1, b = 4k, c = k2-k + 2 = 0
Now equation has real roots, D = 0
i,e. b2 - 4ac = 0
(4k)2 - 4 × 1 × (k2-k+2) = 0
16k2 - 4k2 + 4k - 8 = 0
12k2 + 4k - 8 = 0
4(3k2 + k - 2) = 0
3k2 +3k - 2k - 2 = 0
3k(k+1)-2(k+1) = 0
(3k-2)(k+1) = 0
2
k= 3
or k = -1

2. Let the width of the path be x meters,

We know that, if length of rectangle = l, width of rectangle =b & width of path around it x then,
Area of path = lb − (l − 2x)(b − 2x)
⇒ 16 × 10 - (16 - 2x)(10 - 2x) = 120

⇒ 16 × 10 - {160 - 32x - 20x + 4x2} = 120

⇒ 160 - 160 + 32x + 20x - 4x2 = 120
⇒ -4x2 + 52x - 120 = 0
⇒ 2x2 - 26x + 60 = 0
⇒ x2 - 13x + 30 = 0
⇒ x2 - 10x - 3x + 30 = 0 ⇒ x(x - 10) - 3(x - 10) = 0
⇒ (x - 10) (x - 3) = 0
⇒ x - 10 = 0 or x - 3 = 0
But x ≠10 ,as width of path can't be greater than width of rectangle. So, x = 3m
Hence, the width of the path = 3 m
3. Let first number = x
Then second number = x + 1
and third number = x + 2
According to the condition, x 2 + (x + 1) 2 + (x + 2) 2 = 149
⇒ x2 + x2 + 2x + 1 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 149
⇒ 3x2 + 6x + 5 - 149 = 0
⇒ 3x2 + 6x - 144 = 0
⇒ x2 + 2x - 48 = 0 (Dividing by 3)
⇒ x2 + 8 x - 6 x - 48 = 0
⇒ x(x + 8)-6(x + 8) = 0

⇒ (x + 8)(x - 6) = 0

Either x + 8 = 0, then x = -8, But it is not a natural number

or x - 6 = 0, then x = 6
Numbers are 6, 6 + 1 = 7, 6 + 2 = 8 or 6, 7, 8

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4. The given equation is:
(3k + 1)x2 + 2(k + 1)x + 1 = 0
This is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where
a = 3k + 1, b = 2(k + 1) = 2k + 2 and c = 1
As it is given that the given equation has real and equal roots, i.e., D = b2 - 4ac = 0.
⇒ (2k + 2)2 - 4(3k + 1) (1) = 0
⇒ 4k2 + 8k + 4 - 12k - 4 = 0
⇒ 4k2 - 4k = 0
⇒ 4k(k - 1) = 0
Therefore, either 4k = 0 or k - 1 = 0
⇒ k = 0 or k = 1

Hence, the roots of given equation are 1 and 0.

5. 3 x + 2 + 3 − x = 10
3x.32 + 3-x = 10
1
⇒ 9y + = 10 where 3x = y
y
⇒ 9y 2 − 9y − y + 1 = 0
⇒ 9y(y − 1) − 1(y − 1) = 0
⇒ (9y − 1) = 0 or y − 1 = 0
1
⇒ y= 9
or y = 1
1
If 3x = 9
⇒ 3x = (3)-2 ⇒ x = -2

If 3x = 1 = 30 ⇒ x = 0
Hence , -2, 0 are the roots of given equation.
6. According to the question,
25
(x − 5)(x − 6) =
( 24 ) 2
25
⇒ x(x − 6) − 5(x − 6) =
( 24 ) 2
25
⇒ x 2 − 6x − 5x + 30 − =0
( 24 ) 2
25
⇒ x 2 − 11x + 30 − =0
( 24 ) 2
30 × 24 2 − 25
⇒ x 2 − 11x + =0
( 24 ) 2
30 × 576 − 25
⇒ x 2 − 11x + =0
( 24 ) 2
17280 − 25
⇒ x 2 − 11x + =0
( 24 ) 2
264x 145 119
⇒ x2 − 24
+ 24
× 24
=0

⇒ x2 −
( 145
24
+
119
24 ) x+
145
24
×
119
24
=0

145 119 145 119

⇒ x2 − 24
x− 24
x+ 24
× 24
=0

⇒
( ) ( )
x x−
145
24
−
119
24
x−
145
24
=0

⇒
( )( )
x−
145
24
x−
119
24
=0
145 119
⇒ x− 24
= 0 or x − 24
=0
145 119
⇒ x= or x =
24 24

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7. Given that,
x+1 x−1 5
x−1
− x+1
= 6
( x + 1 )2 − ( x − 1 )2 5
⇒
(x−1) (x+1)
= 6
5
⇒ (x2 + 1 + 2x) - (x2 + 1 - 2x) = 6 (x2 - 12)
5
⇒ x2 + 1 + 2x - x2 - 1 + 2x = 6 (x2 - 1)
5
⇒ 4x = 6 (x2 - 1)

⇒ 24x = 5(x2 - 1)
⇒ 24x = 5x2 - 5
⇒ 5x2 - 24x - 5 = 0
⇒ 5x2 - 25x + 1x - 5 = 0
⇒ 5x(x - 5) + 1(x - 5) = 0
⇒ (x - 5)(5x + 1) = 0
⇒ x - 5 = 0 or 5x + 1 = 0
1
⇒ x = 5 or x = − 5
8. Let the original speed of the bus be x km/hr
75
Time taken to cover 75 km = x
hours.
New speed = (x + 10) km/hr.
90
Time taken to cover 90 km with new speed = ( x + 10 )
hours.
Total time taken to cover the whole journey = 3 hours.
75 90
∴
x
+ ( x + 10 )
=3
75 ( x + 10 ) + 90x
⇒
x ( x + 10 )
=3 ⇒ 165x + 750 = 3x2 + 30x

⇒ 3x2 - 135x - 750 = 0 ⇒ x2 - 45x - 250 = 0

⇒ x2- 50x + 5x - 250 = 0 ⇒ x(x - 50) + 5(x - 50) = 0
⇒ (x - 50)(x + 5) = 0 ⇒ x - 50 = 0 or x + 5 = 0
⇒ x = 50 or x = -5 ⇒ x = 50 [ ∵ speed cannot be negative]

Hence, the original speed of the bus was 50 km/hr

9. Let the length of the piece be x metres.
Total cost of the piece =Rs. 35,
35
Then, rate per metre = Rs. x
New length = (x + 4) metres
Since the cost remains same.
35
∴ New rate per metre = Rs x + 4
According to the question ;
35 35
x
− x+4
=1
35 ( x + 4 ) − 35x
⇒
x(x+4)
=1
35x + 140 − 35x
⇒
x(x+4)
=1
⇒ 140 = x(x + 4)
⇒ 140 = x2 + 4x
⇒ x 2 + 4x − 140 = 0
⇒ x 2 + 14x − 10x − 140 = 0
⇒ x(x + 14) - 10(x + 14) = 0
⇒ (x + 14)(x - 10) = 0
⇒ x - 10 = 0 [ ∵ Length cannot be negative ∴ x + 14 ≠ 0]

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 ⇒ x = 10

Hence, the length of the piece of cloth is 10 m.

10. Let the tens' place digit of the two digit number be x.
It is given that the product of digits is 12.
12
∴ digit at Unit's place =
x
12
So, the Number = 10x + x
If 36 is added to the number the digits interchange their places. Hence, Number after interchanging digits at Unit's & tens' places
12
will be (10 × x
+ x).
12 12
∴ ((10x + x
) + 36 = (10 × x
+ x)
12 120
⇒ 10x + x
+36 = x
+x
108
⇒ 9x - + 36 = 0
x

⇒ 9x2 -108 + 36x = 0

⇒ x2 + 4x -12 = 0 ...[Dividing throughout by 9]
Hence, the required quadratic equation is x2 + 4x - 12 = 0.
11. Given, 12 th term=213,
i.e. a 12 = 213
a n = a + (n − 1)d
⇒ a + (12 − 1)d = 213
⇒ a + 11d = 213 . . . . (1)

and S 4 = 24
4
⇒ [2a + (4 − 1)d] = 24
2
⇒ 2a + 3d = 12 . . . . . (2)

On solving Eqs. (1) and (2), we get

S 10 =
10
2 [ ( )
2×
− 507
19
+ (10 − 1) ×
414
19 ] =
10 − 1014
2
[
19
+9×
414
19
]=
10 − 1014 + 3726
2
(
19
)=
27120
38

12. Let the first term be a and common difference be d.

Given,
Second term is 2.
⇒ a + (2 - 1)d = 2

⇒ a + d = 2...........(i)
and, fourth term is 8.
⇒ a + (4 - 1)d = 8

⇒ a + 3d = 8........(ii)

Subtracting equation (i) from (ii),

a + 3d - a - d = 8 - 2
⇒ 2d = 6
6
⇒ d= =3
2
Putting value of d in eq(i),
a+3=2
⇒ a = 2 - 3 = -1

51
Sum of first 51 terms = 2
[2 × ( − 1) + (51 − 1) × 3]
51
= 2
[ − 2 + 150]
51
= × 148
2
= 51 × 74
= 3774

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13. We have,
a9 = 0
⇒ a + (9 - 1)d = 0
⇒ a + 8d = 0
⇒ a = -8d

To prove: a29 = 2a19

Proof:
LHS = a29
= a + (29 - 1)d
= a + 28d
= -8d + 28d
= 20d
RHS = 2a19
= 2 a + (19 - 1)d]
= 2[-8d + 18d]
= 2 × 10d
= 20d
∴ LHS = RHS

Hence, 29th term is double the 19th term.

14. Given: 121, 117, 113, .......
Here a = 121, d = 117 - 121 = 4
Now, an = a + (n - 1)d
= 121 + (n - 1) (-4) = 121 - 4n + 4 = 125 - 4n
For the first negative term, an < 0
125
⇒ 125 − 4n < 0 ⇒ 125 < 4n ⇒
4
<n
1
⇒ 31 4 < n
1
n is an integer and n > 31 4 .

Hence, the first negative term is 32nd term

15. Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of the given A.P.
Let the A.P. be a1,a2, a3,..., an,...
an = a + (n - 1)d
It is given that
a7 = -1
⇒ a + (7 - 1) d = -1
⇒ a + 6d = - 1 ..... (i)
and a16 = 17
⇒ a + (16 - 1)d = 17
⇒ a + 15d = 17 ..... (ii)
Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii), we get
15d - 6d = 17 - (-1)
9d = 18
⇒d=2
Putting d = 2 in equation (i), we get
a + 6(2) = -1
a + 12 = -1
⇒ a = - 13
Hence, General term = an = a + (n - 1) d
= - 13 + (n - 1) 2

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 = -13 + 2n - 2
= 2n - 15
16. The general term of an AP is given by an=a+(n-1)d
n
and in general the sum to n terms of an A.P is given by Sn= 2 [2a+(n-1)d].
Let the common difference of the AP be d.
Now, given that a=5
Since sum of first four terms is half the sum of the next four terms,therefore,
1
S4= 2 (S8-S4)
4 1 8 4
⇒ [2(5)+3d]= [ [2(5)+7d]- [2(5)+3d]]
2 2 2 2
⇒ 4[10+3d]=[4(10+7d)-2(10+3d)]
⇒ 40+12d=40+28d-20-6d

⇒ -10d=-20

⇒ d=2

thus, the common difference is 2.

17. Let the required numbers be (a - d), a, (a + d)
Sum of these numbers = (a - d) + a + (a + d) = 3a
∴ sum of these squares = (a-d)2+a2+(a+d)2=3a2+2d2
According to the question,we are given that,
Sum of three numbers = 21
∴ 3a = 21

a=7
Also,sum of the squares of three numbers=165
⇒ 3a2 + 2d2=165
⇒ 3(7)2+2d2=165
⇒ 2d2 =18
⇒ d2=9
⇒ d= ± 3

Thus, a=7 and d= ± 3

Hence, the required numbers are (4, 7, 10) or (10, 7, 4)
n
18. Let 'a' be the first term and d be the common difference of the given AP. Then, using Sn= 2
⋅ [2a+(n-1)d], we get,
7
S 7 = 2 (2a + 6d)
Since sum of the first 7 terms of AP is 63 . Therefore,
S 7=63
⇒ 7(a+3d)=63
⇒ a+3d=9.... (i)

Since sum of the first 7 terms of an AP is 63 and the sum of its next 7 terms is 161.
Therefore, the sum of first 14 terms = 63 +161 = 224.
14
∴ S14=224 ⇒
2
(2a+13d)=224
⇒ 7(2a+13d)=224
⇒ 2a+13d=32....(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 2 and subtracting the result from (ii), we get 7d = 14 ⇒ d = 2.
Putting d = 2 in (i), we get a=9-6=3.
Thus, a=3 and d=2.
⇒ 28th term of this AP is given by

T 28=(a+27d)=(3+27 × 2)=57.
Hence, the 28th term of the given AP is 57.
19. Since, an = a + (n-1)d
Therefore, according to the given conditions:

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 a12+ a15 = 219
[a + (12-1)d] + [a + (15-1)d] = 219
2a + 25d = 219 .........................(1)
And, a5 + a7 = 114
[a +(5-1)d] + [a+(7-1)d] = 114
2a + 10d = 114 ....................................(2)
Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1) we get
25d – 10d = 105
Therefore, d = 7
Putting values of d in equation (2) we get
2a + 10×7 = 114
Therefore, a = 22
Hence, 1st term of this A.P = a = 22
2nd term of this A.P = 22+(2-1)×7 = 29
3rd term of this A.P = 22+(3-1)×7 = 36
20. According to the question,we have to find the value of x.
We are given an AP, namely 1,2,3,..., (x -1), x, (x +1),..., 49
such that 1 + 2 + 3 +... + (x -1) = (x +1) + (x + 2) +... + 49.
Thus, we have Sx-1= S49- Sx ... (i)
n
Using the formula, Sn = 2 (a + l) in (i), we have,
(x−1) 49 x
2
⋅ {1 + (x − 1)} = 2
⋅ (1 + 49) − 2
⋅ (1 + x)
x(x−1) x(x+1)
⇒
2
+ 2
= 1225

⇒ 2x2=2450 ⇒ x2 =1225 ⇒ x=√1225=35

Hence, x = 35.

21.

Let P divides the joining AB in the ratio k : 1

k( −4) +1×3
∴ y coordinate of P = k+1
− 4k + 3
⇒ -2=
k+1
⇒ - 2k - 2 = - 4k + 3
⇒ 2k = 5
5
⇒ k= 2
∴P divides the joining of A and B in the ratio of 5 : 2
Now,
5×2+2( −4)
x coordinate of P = 5+2
10 − 8
⇒ a=
7
2
⇒ a= 7
22. Let the coordinates of A be (x, y) which lies on line joining P(6, -6) and Q (-4, -1)
PA 2
such that PQ
= 5
PA 2
⇒
PQ − PA
= 5−2
PA 2
⇒
AQ
= 3
⇒ PA : AQ = 2 : 3
Now by section formula x and y becomes as shown below
Since, P(6, -6) and Q(-4, -1)
mx 2 + nx 1 2( −4) +3×6
∴ x= m+n
= 2+3

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 − 8 + 18 10
= 5
= 5
=2
my 2 + ny 1 2× ( −1) +3( −6)
y= m+n
= 2+3
− 2 − 18 − 20
= 5
= 5
= −4
Therefore Coordinates of A are (2, -4). As A lies on line segment joining the points P and Q so it must satisfy equation of line
segment.
Therefore Substituting the value of x and y i.e; value of A (2,-4) in 3x + k(y + 1) =0
⇒ 3 × 2 + k(-4 + 1) = 0 ⇒ 6 - 3k =0

6
⇒ 3k = 6 ⇒ k= 3
=2
23. Two vertices of an isosceles triangle are A(2, 0) and B(2, 5), Let C(X, y) be the third vertex.
AB = √(2 − 2) 2 + (5 − 0) 2 = √(0) 2 + (5) 2 = √25 = 5
BC = √(x − 2) 2 + (y − 5) 2 = √x 2 + 4 − 4x + y 2 + 25 − 10y = √x 2 − 4x + y 2 − 10y + 29

AC = √(x − 2) 2 + (y − 0) 2 = √x 2 + 4 − 4x + y 2

Also we are given that

AC = BC = 3
⇒ AC2 = BC2 = 9
⇒ x2 + 4 - 4x - y2 = x2 - 4x + y2 - 10y + 29
⇒ 10y = 25
25 5
⇒ y= = =2.5
10 2

AC2 = 9
x2 + 4 - 4x + y2 = 9
x2 + 4 - 4x + (2.5)2 = 9
x2 + 4 - 4x + 6.25 = 9
x2 - 4x + 1.25 = 0
D = (-4)2 - 4 × 1 × 1.25
D = 16 - 5
D = 11
− ( − 4 ) + √11 4 + 3.31 7.31
x= 2×1
= 2
=2
= 3.65
− ( − 4 ) − √11 4 − √11 4 − 3.31
or, x = 2
= 2
= 2
= 0.35
∴ The third vertex is (3.65, 2.5) or (0.35, 2.5)

24.

Let the third vertex be (x, y)

A(-5, 3) B(5, 3) C(x, y)
AB = 10 = AC
AC2 = 100
(-5 - x)2 + (3 - y)2 = (5 - x)2 + (3 - y)
20x = 0
x=0
(3 - y)2 = 75

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 3 - y = ± 5√3
y = 3 - 5√3
y = -5.5
The coordinates of the third vertex are (0, -5.5)

25.

Let A(a, -11), B(5, b), C(2, 15) and D(1, 1) be the given points.
We know that diagonals of parallelogram bisect each other.
Therefore, Coordinates of mid-point of AC = Coordinates of mid-point of BD

( a + 2 15 − 11
2
,
2 ) ( =
5+1 b+1
2
,
2 )
a+2 b+1
⇒ =3 and =2
2 2
⇒ a + 2 = 6 and b + 1 = 4
⟹ a=6-2 and b=4-1

⟹ a=4 and b=3

Hence value of a and b is equal to 4 and 3 respectively.

26. The distance d between two point (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by the formula

d= √ (x 1 − x2 ) 2 + (y 1 − y 2 ) 2
Here it is given that one end of a line segment has co-ordinates (2, -3). The abscissa of the other end of the line segment is given
to be 10. Let the ordinate of this point be 'y'.
So, the co-ordinates of the other end of the line segment is (10, y).
The distance between these two points is given to be 10 units.
Substituting these values in the formula for distance between two points we have,
d= √(2 − 10) 2 + ( − 3 − y) 2
10 = √( − 8) 2 + ( − 3 − y) 2

Squaring on both sides of the equation we have,

100 = (-8)2 + (-3 - y)2
100 = 64 + 9 + y2 + 6y
27 = y2 + 6y
We have a quadratic equation for 'y'. Solving for the roots of this equation we have,
y2 + 6y - 27 = 0
y2 + 9y - 3y - 27 = 0
y(y + 9) - 3(y + 9) = 0
(y + 9) (y - 3) = 0
The roots of the above equation are '-9' and '3'
Thus the ordinates of the order end of the line segment could be -9 or 3.
27. According to the question, radius of circle is = 5 cm.
Also, AB = 8 cm
AB
Now, AM = 2
= 4 cm

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 In △OMA,
By using pythagoras theorem, we get
OA2 = OM2 + AM2
∴ OM = √52 − 42 = 3 cm
Let AP = y cm, PM = x cm
In △OAP,
By using pythagoras theorem, we get
OP2 = OA2 = AP2
(x + 3)2 = y2 + 25
⇒ x2 + 9 + 6x = y2 + 25 ...(i)
In △AMP,
By using pythagoras theorem, we get
x2 + 42 = y2 ....(ii)
Substituting eq.(ii) in eq.(i), we get
⇒ x2 + 6x + 9 = x2 + 16 + 25
⇒ 6x = 32
32 16
⇒ x= = cm
6 3
256 400
Now, y2 = x2 + 16 = 9
+ 16 = 9
20
⇒ y= 3
cm.
20
Therefore, length of AP = y = 3
cm.

28.

We know that the lengths of tangents drawn from an exterior point to a circle are equal.
AE = AF = x cm,
BD = BF = 6cm, CD = CE = 8cm.
so, AB = AF+ BF = (x + 6) cm,
BC = BD + CD = 14 cm,
AC = CE+AE = (x+8) cm.
Perimeter, 2s = AB + BC+AC
= [(x + 6) +14 + (x+8)] cm
= (2x + 28) cm
⇒ s = (x +14) cm.
∴ ar(ΔABC) = √s(s − AB)(s − BC)(s − AC)
= 2
√(x + 14){(x + 14) − (x + 6)}{(x + 14) − 14}{(x + 14) − (x + 8)}cm
= √48x(x + 14)cm 2. ...(i)
Join OE and OF and also OA, OB and OC.
∴ ar(ΔABC)
= ar(△OAB) + ar(△OBC)+ ar(△OCA)

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 = ( 1
2
× AB × OF + )( 1
2
× BC × OD +)( 1
2
× AC × OE )
=
[ 1
2 ] [
× (x + 6) × 4 +
1
2 ][
× 14 × 4 +
1
2
× (x + 8) × 4
]
= 2[(x + 6) + 14 + (x + 8)]
= 4(x + 14)cm 2. ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
√48x(x + 14) = 4(x + 14)
⇒ 48x(x + 14) = 16(x + 14) 2
⇒ 48x = 16(x + 14)
16 × 14
⇒ x= 32
=7
∴ AB = (x + 6)cm
= (7 + 6)cm
= 13cm
and
AC = (x + 8)cm = (7 + 8)cm = 15cm

29.

According to the question,OP = 26 cm and PQ = 24 cm

In △OQP, we have ∠Q = 90°
OP 2 = OQ 2 + PQ 2
⇒ (26) 2 = OQ 2 + (24) 2
⇒ OQ
2 = 676 − 576 = 100

⇒ OQ = 10cm
∴ Radius of the circle = 10cm

30. Join OE and OF. Also join OA, OB and OC.

Since BD = 8 cm
∴ BE = 8 cm

[Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal]

Since CD = 6 cm
∴ CF = 6 cm

[Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal]

Let AE = AF = x
Since OD = OE = OF = 4 cm [Radii of a circle are equal]
(x +6) (x +8) + (6+8) ( 2x + 28 )
∴ Semi-perimeter of △ ABC = 2
= 2
= (x + 14)cm
∴ Area of △ABC =√s(s − a)(s − b) (s − c)

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 ¯ ¯
= √(x + 14)(x + 14 − 14)(x + 14 − x + 8)(x + 14 − x + 6)

= √(x + 14)(x )(8)(6)cm 2

Now, Area of ΔABC = Area of △OBC + Area of △OCA + Area of △OAB
(6+8)4 (x + 6)4 (x + 8)4
⇒ √(x + 14)(x )(8)(6)= + +
2 2 2
⇒
√ (x + 14)(x )(8)(6)= 28 + 2x + 12 + 2x + 16
⇒
√(x + 14)(x )(8)(6)= 4x + 56
⇒
√(x + 14)(x )(8)(6)=4(x + 14)
Squaring both sides,
(x + 14) (x) (6) (8) = 16(x + 14)2
⇒ 3x = x + 14

⇒ 2x = 14

⇒ x=7
∴ AB = x + 8 = 7 + 8 = 15 cm

And AC = x + 6= 7 + 6 = 13 cm
31. O is the centre of the circle and TP is the tangent to the circle from an external point T.

From figure,
AB is the diameter
Since, angle in a semicircle is a right angle
∠APB = 90°

By using alternate segment theorem

We have ∠APB = ∠PAT = 30°
Now, in △APB
∠BAP + ∠APB + ∠ABP = 180 ∘ (Angle sum property of triangle)
∠BAP = 180° - 90° - 30° = 60°

Now, ∠BAP = ∠APT + ∠PTA (Exterior angle property)

60° = 30° + ∠PTA
∠ PTA = 60° − 30° = 30°
We know that sides opposite to equal angles are equal
AP = AT
In right triangle ABP,
AT
sin 30° = BA
1 AT
⇒
2
= BA
∴ BA : AT = 2 : 1
32. In the given figure, O is the centre of a circle. PT and PQ are tangents to the circle from an external point P. If ∠TPQ = 70°,
then,we have to find ∠TRQ.

We know that the radius and tangent are perpendicular at their point of contact.
∠OTP = ∠OQP = 90°
Now, In quadrilateral OQPT

12 / 33
ALLEN
 ∠QOT + ∠OTP + ∠OQP + ∠TPQ = 360° [Angle sum property of a quadrilateral]
∠QOT + 90° + 90° + 70° = 360°
250° + ∠QOT = 360°
∠ QOT = 110°
We know that the angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double of the angle subtended by the arc at any point on the
circumference of the circle.
1 1
∠ TRQ = 2
∠ QOT ⇒ ∠ TRQ = 2
× 110° = 55°
Section B
33. Let Q(x, 0) be a point on x–axis which lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB.
Therefore, QA = QB
⇒ QA2 = QB2
⇒ (–5 – x)2 + (–2 – 0)2 = (4 – x)2 + (–2 – 0)2
⇒ (x + 5)2 + (–2)2 = (4 – x)2 + (–2)2
⇒ x2 + 25 + 10x + 4 = 16 + x2 – 8x + 4
⇒ 10x + 8x = 16 – 25
⇒ 18x = –9
−9 −1
⇒x= 18
= 2

Hence, the point Q is ( ) −1

2
,0 .

Now, QA2 = [ ] −5+

1
2
2
+ [–2 – 0]2

= ( )
−9 2
2
+
4
1

81 4 81 + 16 97
⇒ QA2 = 4
+ 1
= 4
= 4
97 √97
⇒ QA =
√ 4
= 2
units

Now, QB2 = 4 +
81
( ) 4
1
2
2
+ (–2 – 0)2 =
81 + 16 97
()
9
2
2
+ (–2)2

⇒ QB2 = 4
+ 1
= 4
= 4
97 √97
⇒ QB =
√ 4
=
2
units

and AB = √(4 + 5) 2 + [ − 2 − ( − 2)] 2 = √(9) 2 = 9 units

⇒ AB = 9 units
As QA = QB
So, Δ QAB is an isosceles Δ.

13 / 33
ALLEN
34.

Let A(5, 1), B(1, 5) and C(-3, -1) be vertices of ΔABC

Let AD be the median. Since, D is the midpoint of BC, So,

Coordinates of D are ( 1−3 5−1

2
, 2 ) = ( − 1, 2)

Length of median AD = √(5 + 1) 2 + (1 − 2) 2 = √37 units

35.

A(a, b), B(c, d) and C(e, f) are the co-ordinates of triangle ABC.
G is the intersection of the median
D is the mid-point of BC.
Let G(0,0)

Coordinates of D =
( c+e d+f
2
,
2 )
The centroid of triangle, G =
(a+c+e b+d+f
3
, 3 )
a+c+e b+d+f
∴
3
= 0 and 3
=0
⇒ e = -(a+c) and f = -(b+d)

To prove: PA2 + PB2 + PC2 = GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + 3GP2

⇒ {(x-a)2 + (y-b)2} + {(x-c)2 + (y-d)2} + {(x+a+ c)2 + (y+b+d)2} = {(0-a)2 + (0-b)2} + {(0-c)2 + (0-d)2} + {(a+c)2 + (b+d)2} +
3{(x-0)2 + (y-0)2}
From L.H.S.
x2 + a2 - 2ax + y2 + b2 - 2by + x2 + c2 - 2cx + y2 + d2 - 2dy + x2 + a2 + c2 + 2ax + 2ac + 2cx + y2 + b2 + d2 + 2by + 2bd + 2yd
⇒ 3(x2+y2) + 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + ca + bd)
From R.H.S.
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + a2 + c2 + 2ac + b2 + d2 + 2bd + 3(x2 + y2)

14 / 33
ALLEN
 ⇒ 3(x2+y2) + 2(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 + ac + bd)
L.H.S. = R.H.S
Hence proved.
36. (-1, -2), (1, 0), (-1, 2), (-3, 0)
Let A → (-1, -2), B → (1, 0)
C → (-1, 2) and D → (-3, 0)
Then,
AB = √[1 − ( − 1)] 2 + [0 − ( − 2)] 2
= √(2) 2 + (2) 2 = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2
BC = √( − 1 − 1) 2 + (2 − 0) 2

= √( − 2) 2 + (2) 2 = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2

CD = √[( − 3) − ( − 1)] 2 + (0 − 2) 2

= √( − 2) 2 + ( − 2) 2 = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2

DA = √[( − 1) − ( − 3)] 2 + ( − 2 − 0) 2

= √(2) 2 + ( − 2) 2 = √4 + 4 = √8 = 2√2

AC = √[( − 1) − ( − 1)] 2 + [(2) − ( − 2)] 2 = 4

BD = √[( − 3) − (1)] 2 + (0 − 0) 2 = 4
Since AB = BC = CD = DA (i.e., all the four sides of the quadrilateral ABCD are equal) and AC = BD (i.e. diagonals of the
quadrilateral ABCD are equal). Therefore, ABCD is a square.
37. Let C(2a, a – 7) be the centre of the circle and it passes through the point P(11, –9).

∴ PQ = 10√2
⇒ CP = 5√2

⇒ CP2 = (5√2) 2 = 50

⇒ (2a – 11)2 + (a – 7 + 9)2 = 50

⇒ (2a)2 + (11)2 – 2(2a) (11) + (a + 2)2 = 50
⇒ 4a2 + 121 – 44a + (a)2 + (2)2 + 2(a)(2) = 50
⇒ 5a2 – 40a + 125 = 50
⇒ a2 – 8a + 25 = 10
⇒ a2 – 8a + 25 – 10 = 0
⇒ a2 – 8a + 15 = 0
⇒ a2 – 5a – 3a + 15 = 0
⇒ a(a – 5) –3(a – 5) = 0
⇒ (a – 5) (a – 3) = 0
⇒ a – 5 = 0 or a – 3 = 0
⇒ a = 5 or a = 3
Hence, the required values of a are 5 and 3.

15 / 33
ALLEN
38.

Let A(-2, -1), B(1, 0), C(4, 3) and D(x, y) be the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD taken in order.
Since the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
∴ Coordinates of the mid point of AC = Coordinates of the mid point of BD.

−2+4 1+x
⇒
2
= 2
2 x+1
⇒
2
= 2
x+1
⇒ 1= 2
⇒ x+1=2
⇒ x=1
−1+3 y+0
and, 2
= 2
2 y
⇒
2
= 2
⇒y=2
Hence, fourth vertex of the parallelogram is (1, 2).
39. We have, cosec θ − sinθ = a 3
1
sin θ
− sinθ = a 3
1 − sin 2θ
sin θ
= a3
cos 2θ
sin θ
2
= a3 [ ∵ sin 2θ + cos 2 = 1 ]
cos 3 θ
1 =a
sin 3
4
cos 3 θ
⇒ a2 = 2
sin 3 θ
secθ − cosθ = b 3
1
− cosθ = b 3
cos θ
1 − cos 2θ
cos θ
= b3
sin 2θ
cos θ
= b3
2
sin 3 θ
1 =b
cos 3 θ
4
sin 3 θ
⇒ b2 = 2
cos 3 θ

Now, a2b2(a2 + b2)

[ ]
4 4 4 4
cos 3 θ sin 3 θ cos 3 θ sin 3 θ
2 × 2 2 + 2
sin 3 θ cos 3 θ sin 3 θ cos 3 θ

16 / 33
ALLEN
 [ ]
4 2 4 2
4 2 4 2 cos 3 × cos 3 θ + sin 3 θ × sin 3 θ
cos 3 − 3 θ × sin 3 − 3 θ 2 2
sin 3 θ × cos 3 θ

2
cos 3 θ × sin 3 θ

cos 2θ + sin 2θ = 1
2

[ ] cos 2θ + sin 2θ
2
sin 3 θ × cos 3 θ
2

LHS = RHS
( 1 + sin θ ) 2 − ( 1 − sin θ ) 2
40. LHS =
( 1 + sin θ ) ( 1 − sin θ )
4sin θ
=
1 − sin 2 θ
4sin θ
=
cos 2 θ
= 4 tan θ sec θ = RHS
41. The given trigonometric identity is,
sec A − tan A cos 2 A
=
sec A + tan A ( 1 + sin A ) 2
sec A − tan A
Now, take LHS = sec A + tan A
Multiplying numerator and denominator by (secA - tanA)
( sec A − tan A ) ( sec A − tan A )
= ( sec A + tan A ) ( sec A − tan A )
( sec A − tan A ) 2
=
sec 2A − tan 2A [ ∵ (a + b)(a − b) = a 2 − b 2 ]
( sec A − tan A ) 2
= 1 [ ∵ sec 2A − tan 2A = 1 ]
2
= (secA − tanA)

=
( 1
cos A
−
sin A
cos A ) 2

=
( 1 − sin A 2
cos A )
( 1 − sin A ) 2
=
cos 2A
( 1 − sin A ) 2
=
1 − sin 2A [ ∵ cos 2A = 1 − sin 2A ]
[ ]
( 1 − sin A ) ( 1 − sin A )
= ∵ a 2 − b 2 = (a + b)(a − b)
( 1 + sin A ) ( 1 − sin A )
1 − sin A
=
1 + sin A
Multiplying numerator and denominator by 1 + sinA
( 1 − sin A ) ( 1 + sin A )
=
( 1 + sin A ) ( 1 + sin A )
1 − sin 2A
=
( 1 + sin A ) 2 [ ∵ (a − b)(a + b) = a 2 − b 2 ]
cos 2A
=
( 1 + sin A ) 2 [ ∵ 1 − sin 2A = cos 2A ]
= RHS
Hence proved
42. LHS = √1 + tan 2θ + 1 + cot 2θ
= √tan 2θ + cot 2θ + 2 × tanθ × cotθ
= √(tanθ + cotθ) 2
= tanθ + cotθ = RHS

17 / 33
ALLEN
43. tan230° sin30° + cos60° sin290° tan260° - 2 tan 45° cos20° sin 90°
1 1 1
put tan30 ∘ =
√3
, sin30 ∘ = 2
, cos60 ∘ = 2
, sin90 ∘ = 1, tan60 ∘ = √3, tan45 ∘
= 1, cos0 ∘ = 1

1
() 1

√3
1
2
×

1
1
2
+
1
2
× (1) 2 × (√3) 2 − 2 × 1 × 1 2 × 1

= 3
× 2
+ 2
×1×3×-2×1×1×1
1 3
= + −2
6 2
1 + 9 − 12
= 6
10 − 12 2 1
= 6
= − 6
= − 3
tan 3θ cot 3θ
44. LHS = +
1 + tan 2θ 1 + cot 2θ

=
tan 3θ
sec θ 2 +
cot 3θ
cos ec θ 2
[ ∵ 1 + tan 2θ = sec 2θ
1 + cot 2θ = cosec 2θ ]
[ ]
sin 3θ cos 3θ
sinθ 1
∵ tanθ = , secθ =
cos θ 3
sin θ3 cosθ cosθ
= +
1 1 cosθ 1
cos 2θ sin 2θ cotθ = , cosecθ =
sinθ sinθ
sin 3θ cos 2θ cos 3θ sin 2θ
= × + ×
cos 3θ 1 sin 3θ 1
sin 3θ cos 2θ cos 3θ sin 2θ
= × + ×
cos 2θcos θ 1 sin 2θ × sin θ 1
3
sin θ 3
cos θ
= +
cos θ sin θ
sin 4θ + cos 4θ
= cos θsin θ

( sin θ ) + ( cos θ )
2 2 2 2

= cos θsin θ

( sin 2θ + cos 2θ ) 2
− 2sin 2θcos 2θ
= cos θsin θ [ ∵ a 2 + b 2 = (a + b) 2 − 2ab ]
1 − 2sin 2θcos 2θ
= cos θsin θ [ ∵ sin 2θ + cos 2θ = 1 ]
1 2sin 2θcos 2θ
= cos θsin θ
− cos θsin θ
1 1
= cos θ sin θ
− 2sinθcosθ

= secθcosecθ − 2sinθcosθ
[ ∵
1
cos θ
= secθ,
1
sin θ
= cosecθ
]
= RHS
Hence proved.

45.

5 BC
Given cosθ = 13
= AC

18 / 33
ALLEN
 Let BC = 5K
and, AC = 13K
In ΔABC, by Pythagoras theorem
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
AB2 + (5K)2 = (13K)2
AB2 + 25K2 = 169K2
AB2 = 169K2 - 25K2
AB2 = 144K2
AB = √144K2 = 12K
AB 12K 12
∴ sinθ = AC
= 13K 13
=
AB 12K 12
tanθ = BC
= 5
= 5
sin 2θ − cos 2θ 1
Now, ×
2sin θ × cos θ tan 2θ

( ) ( )
12
13
2
−
5
13
2

1
= 12 5 ×

144
2 × 13 × 13

25
( ) 12
5
2

169 − 169 1
= 120 × 144
169 25
144 − 25
169 25
= 120
×
144
169
119
169 25
= 120
×
144
169
119 169 25
= 169
× 120
× 144
595
= 3456
1 + tan 2A 1 − tanA
46. Given = ( 1 − cotA )2 = tan2 A.
1 + cot 2A

LHS =

1
( )1 + tan 2 A
1 + cot A 2 =
sec 2 A
cosec 2A

cos 2 A sin 2 A
= 1 = = tan2 A
cos 2 A
sin 2 A

RHS = (
1 − tanA
1 − cotA
)2 =
( ) 1 − tan A 2

1 − tan A
1

=
( )
1 − tan A 2
tan A − 1

LHS = RHS.
tan A
1 − tanA
= ( tanA − 1 × tan A)2 = (-tan A)2 = tan2 A

47. Given,
cos A - sin A = m
⇒ (cos A - sin A)2 = m2

19 / 33
ALLEN
 ⇒ cos2 A + sin2 A - 2 cos A sin A = m2
⇒ 1 -2 cos A sin A = m2 ...(i)

Also given,
cos A + sin A = n
⇒ (cos A + sin A)2 = n2
⇒ cos2 A + sin2 A + 2 cos A sin A= n2
⇒ 1 + 2 cos A sin A = n2 ...(ii)

Adding (i) & (ii), we get :-

(1 - 2cosAsinA) + (1 + 2cosAsinA) = m2 + n2
⇒
m2 + n2 = 2 .....(iii)

Similarly, on subtracting equation (ii) from (i) we get :-

- 4 cos A sin A = m2 - n2 ...(iv)

Now, L.H.S.
m2 − n2
=
m2 + n2
− 4cos Asin A
= 2
[from (iii) & (iv) ]
= - 2 sin A cos A
m2 − n2
So, = − 2SinACosA ......(v)
m2 + n2
Now,
-2sinAcosA
− 2sin Acos A
= 1
− 2sin A ⋅ cos A
= ( ∵ sin2 A + cos2 A = 1)
sin 2 A + cos 2 A
− 2sin Acos A
sin Acos A
= sin 2 A + cos 2 A
sin A ⋅ cos A
−2
= sin 2 A cos 2 A
sin A ⋅ cos A + sin A ⋅ cos A
−2
= tan A + cot A
−2
So, -2sinAcosA = tan A + cot A
......(vi)
Now, from (v) & (vi) ,

m2 − n2 −2
= - 2 sin A . cos A = Hence, Proved.
m2 + n2 tan A + cot A
1 + sin θ 1 − sin θ
48. LHS =
√ 1 − sin θ
+
√ 1 + sin θ

( 1 + sin θ ) ( 1 + sin θ ) ( 1 − sin θ ) ( 1 − sin θ )

=
√ ( 1 − sin θ )
× ( 1 + sin θ )
+
√ ( 1 + sin θ )
× ( 1 − sin θ )

( 1 + sin θ ) 2 ( 1 − sin θ ) 2
=
√ 1 − sin 2 θ
+
√ 1 − sin 2 θ

( 1 + sin θ ) 2 ( 1 − sin θ ) 2
=
√ cos 2 θ
+
√ cos 2 θ
[ ∵ sin 2θ + cos 2θ = 1]

20 / 33
ALLEN
 1 + sin θ 1 − sin θ
= cos θ
+ cos θ
1 + sin θ + 1 − sin θ
=
cos θ
2
= cos θ
= 2secθ
= RHS
49. According to question it is given that
Diameter of the base of the cone is = 7cm
7
Therefore radius = 2
= 3.5cm
Total height of the toy = 14.5 cm
Height of the cone = 15.5 - 3.5 = 12 cm
Height of the hemisphere = 3.5 cm
According to question it is also given that
Volume of the toy = Volume of cone + Volume of hemisphere
1 2
= πr 2h + πr 2
3 3
1
=3 πr 2(2r + h)
1 22
=3 × 7
× (3.5) 2[2 × 3.5 + 12]
1
= 3 × 22 × 1.75 × 19
= 243.83 cm 3
50. Diameter of the cylinder = 7 cm
7
Therefore radius of the cylinder = 2 cm
Total height of the solid = 19 cm
Therefore, Height of the cylinder portion = 19 - 7 = 12 cm
7
Also, radius of hemisphere = 2 cm

Let V be the volume and S be the surface area of the solid. Then,
V = Volume of the cylinder + Volume of two hemispheres

⇒ V=
{ ( )}
πr 2h + 2
2
3
πr 3 cm 3

⇒
( )
V = πr 2 h +
4r
3
cm 3

⇒ V=
{ () (22
7
×
7
2
2
× 12 +
4
3
×
7
2 )} cm 3 =
22
7
×
7
2
×
7
2
×
50
3
cm 3 = 641.66cm 3

and,
S = Curved surface area of cylinder + Surface area of two hemispheres

21 / 33
ALLEN
 ⇒
(
S = 2πrh + 2 × 2πr 2 cm 2 )
⇒ S = 2πr(h + 2r)cm 2

⇒ S=2×
22
7
×
7
2 (
× 12 + 2 ×
7
2 )
cm 2

= 2×
( 22
7
×
7
2 )
× 19 cm 2

= 418 cm2
51. Height of the cylinder = 3 m.
Total height of the tent above the ground = 13.5 m
height of the cone = (13.5 - 3)m = 10.5 m
Radius of the cylinder = radius of cone = 14 m

Curved surface area of the cylinder = 2πrhm 2 = 2 ×

( 22
7 )
× 14 × 3 m 2 = 264m 2

∴ l= √r2 + h2 = √142 + (10.5) 2 = √196 + 110.25 = √306.25 = 17.5

∴ Cured surface area of the cone = πrl = ( 22
7 )
× 14 × 17.5 m 2 = 770m 2

Let S be the total area which is to be painted. Then,

S = Curved surface area of the cylinder + Curved surface area of the cone
⇒ S = (264 + 770) m2 = 1034 m2
Hence, Cost of painting = S × Rate = ₹ (1034 × 2) = ₹ 2068
52. As the conical cavity is drilled out from the cylinder, so the volume of the remaining solid can be calculated by subtracting the
volume of cylinder and cone

Given height of the cylinder, H = 30 cm

Radius of the cylinder, r = 7 cm
Height of cone, h = 24 cm
Radius of cone, r = 7 cm

Slant height of the cone, l = √ (h2 + r2 )

l= √(242 + 72)
l = √(576 + 49)
l = √(625)
l = 25 cm
Volume of the remaining solid = Volume of the cylinder – Volume of the cone
1
= πr2H - ( 3 )πr2h
h
= πr2(H - 3 )
22 24
=( ) × 72 × (30 − )
7 3
= (22 × 7) × (30 - 8)
= (154) × (22)
= 3388 cm3

22 / 33
ALLEN
 Volume of the remaining solid is 3388 cm3.
Total surface area of the remaining solid = Curved surface area of cylinder + surface area of top of the cylinder+ curved surface
area of the cone
Total surface area of the remaining solid
= 2πrH + πr2 + πrl
= πr(2H + r + l)
22
=( 7
) × 7(2 × 30 + 7+ 25)
= 22 × (60+32)
= 22 × 92
= 2024 cm2
Hence the total surface area of the remaining solid is 2024 cm2.
53. Given that,

Length of cylindrical part = 7 m

7
Radius of cylindrical part = 2
m

Total surface area of figure = 2πrh + 2(2πr2)

= 2π
[ 7
2
×7+2×
( )]
7
2
2

= 308 m2
Volume of boiler = Volume of cylindrical part + Volume of two hemispherical parts

= πr2h + () 4
3
πr 3

=π () 7
2
2
× (7) + ( )( )
4
3
π
7
2
3

= 269.5 + 179.66
= 449.167 m3
Volume of cylindrical part
Required ratio = Volume of one hemispherical part
269.5
= 89.83
=3
54. Let height of the cone 1 be 'h' cm and the height of the cone 2 be (21 cm - h) .
6
As the ratio of volumes of cone c1­ and c2 is 2 : 1, their radii are same equal to r = 2 cm = 3 cm.

23 / 33
ALLEN
 1 2
V1 3 πr 1 h 1
∴
V2
= 1 2
3 πr 2 h 2
2 h
⇒
1
= 21cm − h
or 42 cm - 2h = h
or, 3h = 42 cm
⇒ h = 42/3

⇒ h = 14 cm

Hence, height of cone 1 = 14 cm and height of cone 2 = 7 cm

Cone I Cone II Cylinder
6
r1 = 3 = 3 cm r2 = 3 cm r = 3 cm

h1 = 14 cm h2 = 7 cm h = 21 cm
1 2 1 22
Volume of cone 1 = πr h =
3 1 1 3
× 7
× 3 × 3 × 14= 132 cm3
1 2 1 22
Volume of cone 2 = 3
πr 2 h 2 = 3
× 7
× 3 × 3 × 7 = 22 × 3 = 66 cm3
Volume of remaining portion of tube = Vol. of cylinder – Vol. of cone 1 – Vol. of cone 2
= πr2h – 132 – 66
22
= 7
× 3 × 3 × 21 – 198

= 22 × 27 – 198 = 594 – 198 = 396 cm3

Hence, the required volume is 396 cm3.
55. Given, Height of cylinder h1 = 20 cm
12
Radius of cylinder = 2
= 6 cm
Height of the cone (h2) = 8 cm
Radius of the cone r = 6 cm
Total surface area of remaining solid = Curved surface area of cylinder + Curved surface area of cone + Area of the top face of the
cylinder

√h
2
Slant height of the cone(l) = 2 + r2

= √8 2 + 6 2
= √64 + 36
= 10 cm
∴ Curved surface area of cone = πrl
22
= × 6 × 10
7
1320
= 7
cm2
Curved surface area of cylinder = 2πrh
22
=2 × 7
× 6 × 20
5280
= 7
cm2
Area of the top face of the cylinder = πr 2
22
= 7
× 6 × 6
792
= 7
cm2
∴ Total surface area of the remaining solid

24 / 33
ALLEN
 1320 5280 792
= 7
+ 7
+ 7
7392
=
7

= 1056 cm2
7
56. Radius of hemisphere = radius of cone = cm
2
7
Height of cone = 2 cm
Volume of the solid = Volume of hemisphere + Volume of cone
2 1
= 3
πr 3 + 3 πr 2 h

=
1
3
×
22
7
×
7
2
×
7
2 ( 2×
7
2
+
7
2 )
539
= 4
cm 3 or 134.75 cm 3
57. According to question
Diameterdiameter of the well = 7m
7
Radius of the well (r) = 2
m = 3.5m and, height of the well (h) = 22.5 m
7 7 45
∴ Volume of the earth dugout = π × (3.5)2 × 22.5 m3 = π × 2
× 2
× 2
m3
Let the width of the embankment be r metres. Clearly, embankment forms a cylindrical shell whose inner and outer radii are 3.5 m
and (r + 3.5) m respectively and height 1.5 m.
∴ Volume of the embankment = Area of ring at top × height of the embankment

3
= π{(r + 3.5)2 - (3.5)2} × 1.5 m3 = π(r + 7) r × 2
m3
But, Volume of the embankment = Volume of the well

3 7 7 45
⇒ πr(r + 7) × 2
=π× 2
× 2
× 2
49
⇒ r (r + 7) = 4
× 15

⇒ 4r2 + 28r = 735

⇒ 4r2 + 28r - 735 = 0
4r2 + 70x - 42x - 735 = 0
⇒ 2r(2r + 35) - 21(2r + 35) = 0

⇒ (2r + 35)(2r - 21) = 0

⇒ 2r + 35 = 0 or 2r - 21 = 0

− 35 21
⇒ r= 2
or x = 2
− 35
2
is negative, hence neglect this value
21
⇒ x = 2
= 10.5 m
Hence, the width of the embankment is 10.5 m
58. The volume of the spherical vessel is
calculated by the given formula
4
V = ​​ 3 π × r 3
Now,

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 4 22
V= 3
× 7
×9×9×9

V = 3,054.85 cm3
The volume of the cylinder neck is calculated by the given formula.
V = π × R2 × h
Now,
22
V= ×1×1×8
7

V = 25.14 cm3
The total volume of the vessel is equal to the volume of the spherical shell and the volume of its cylindrical neck.
3054.85 + 25.14 = 3, 080 cm3
The total volume of the vessel is 3,080 cm3.
As we know,
1 L = 1000 cm3
3080
1000
= 3.080 L
Thus, the amount of water (in litres) it can hold is 3.080 L.
59. Height of conical part = 10.2 - 4.2 = 6 cm
Volume of toy = Volume of conical part + Volume of hemispherical part

=
( 1
3
×
22
7 )(
× (4.2) 2 × 6 +
2
3
×
22
7
× (4.2) 3
)
= 266.112
Hence, Volume of toy is 266.112 cm3
Slant height of conical part = √(4.2) 2 + (6) 2 ≈ 7.32 cm
TSA of the toy = CSA of hemispherical part + CSA of conical part

= 2×( 22
7 )(
× (4.2) 2 +
22
7
× 4.2 × 7.32 )
= 207.504
Hence, TSA of toy is 207.504 cm2

60.

ΔABC is a right angled triangle.

∠ABC = 90°.
A circle is drawn with AB as diameter intersecting AC in P, PQ is the tangent to the circle which intersects BC at Q.
Join BP.
PQ and BQ are tangents drawn from an external point Q.
∴ PQ = BQ -------------- (1) (Length of tangents drawn from an external point to the circle are equal)
⇒ ∠PBQ = ∠BPQ (In a triangle, angles opposite to equal sides are equal)
Given that, AB is the diameter of the circle.
∴ ∠APB = 90° (Angle in a semi-circle is a right angle)
∠APB + ∠BPC = 180° (Linear pair)
∴ ∠BPC = 180° – ∠APB = 180° – 90° = 90°
Consider ΔBPC,
∠BPC + ∠PBC + ∠PCB = 180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)
∴ ∠PBC + ∠PCB = 180° – ∠BPC = 180° – 90° = 90°................(2)
∠BPC = 90°
∴ ∠BPQ + ∠CPQ = 90° ...(3)
From equations (2) and (3), we get

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 ∠PBC + ∠PCB = ∠BPQ + ∠CPQ
⇒ ∠PCQ = ∠CPQ (Since, ∠BPQ = ∠PBQ)
Consider ΔPQC,
∠PCQ = ∠CPQ
∴ PQ = QC.................(4)
From equations (1) and (4), we get
BQ = QC
Therefore, tangent at P bisects the side BC.
61. Let ABCD be a parallelogram touching the circle at P, Q, R and S
AP = AS, BP = BQ, CR= CQ and DR = DS

Adding all equations

AP + BP + CR + DR = AS + DS + CQ + BQ
⇒ AB + CD = AD + BC

⇒ 2AB = 2BC or AB = BC

Hence, ABCD is a rhombus

Area of the rhombus = 4 × area of triangle AOB
1
=4 × 2
× 10 × 3 = 60 cm2
62. According to question it is given that AB, AC and AD are tangents. Also, AB = 5 cm.
To find: AD
Proof: Since AB and AC are tangents from the same point to the circle with centre O
⇒ AB = AC ...............(i)

(As we know that length of the tangents from the same external point are equal).
AC and AD are tangents from the same point to the circle with centre O​'
⇒ AC = AD ..........(ii)

(As we know that lengths of the tangents from the same external point are equal)
From (i) and (ii), we get
AB = AC = AD = 5 cm
Thus the length of AD = 5 cm

63.

Construction:
Join OA and OC.
In △OAE and △OCE, we have
OA = OC (radii of same circle)
OE = OE (Common side)
∠OAE = ∠OCE(each is 90°)

⇒ △OAE ≅ △OCE(RHS congruence criterion)

⇒ ∠AEO = ∠CEO(cpct)

Similarly, ∠BEO ′ = ∠DEO ′

∠AEC = ∠DEB[ Vertically Opposite Angles ]

1 1
⇒
2
∠ AEC = 2
∠ DEB
⇒ ∠ AEO = ∠ CEO = ∠ BEO ′ = ∠ DEO ′

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 Since, these angles are equal and are bisected by OE and O'E,
O, E and O' are collinear.

64.

OM ⊥ PQ, bisects PQ
∴ PM = 8cm ( as PQ = 16cm)
In rt ΔOMP, OM = √102 − 82
= √100 − 64
= √36 = 6 cm
∠TPM + ∠MPO = 90 ∘
Also, ∠TPM + ∠PTM = 90 ∘
∠MPO = ∠PTM
∠TMP = ∠OMP = 90
∘

ΔTMP ≅ ΔPMO (by AA criteria)

TP MP
Therefore, PO
= MO
TP 8
or 10
= 6
80
or TP =
6
40
or, TP = 3
40
Hence Length of TP = 3
cm
65. Step -1: In the given figure, join the points O and C

Step -2: Find the relation between ∠AOD and ∠AOC, △BOE and △BOC
In △ADO and △ACO
AD = AC (tangent drawn from same external point)
AO = AO (common)
DO = CO (radius)
∴ △ADO ≅ △ACO

∠AOD = ∠AOC (by CPCT) ...(i)

Similarly, △BEO ≅ △BCO

∴ ∠BOE = ∠BOC (by CPCT) ...(ii)

Step -3: Find the ∠AOB

∵ PQ ∥ LM

⇒ DE is a diameter hence, a straight line.

∴ AOD + ∠AOC + ∠BOE + ∠BOC = 180o

∠

From (i) and (ii)

⇒ ∠ AOC + ∠AOC + ∠BOC + ∠BOC = 180o
⇒ 2(∠AOC + ∠BOC) = 180o
⇒ ∠ AOC + ∠BOC = 90o

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 ⇒ AOB = 90o
∠

Hence Proved
66. Distance travelled in 10 seconds = 2000 m
h
Getting x = (In △ABC)
√3
ED 1 h
In △EDA tan 30o = AD
⇒ = x + 2000
√3
Getting correct value of h = 1000√3 m.

67.

Let AB be the width of river

In right △PAQ
1 4
tan30 ∘ = = x
√3
⇒ 4√3 = x
In right △PBQ
4
tan60 ∘ = √3 = y
4
⇒ y=
√3
4 16
Width of river = x + y = 4√3 + = 3 √3 m
√3
68.

Let the men be at A and B respectively.

In right ΔAPQ,
PQ
AP
= tan30 ∘
50 1
⇒
AP
=
√3
⇒ AP = 50√3
⇒ AP = 86.6m
In right ΔPQB,
PQ
PB
= tan45 ∘
50
⇒
PB
=1
⇒ PB = 50m

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 Now, AB = AP + PB
= 86.6 + 50 = 136.6m
Hence, the distance between the two men is 136.6m.
69. Let AB be the tower.

Initial position of the car is C, which changes to D after ten seconds.

In △ADB,
AB
DB
= tan 60o
AB
DB
= √3
In △ABC,
AB
BC
= tan 30o
AB 1
BD + DC
=
√3
AB√3 = BD + DC
AB
AB√3 = + DC
√3

DC = AB√3 −

2AB
AB

√3
= AB
( 1
√3 − √ 3 )
=
√3

Time taken by the car to travel distance DC i.e

( )
2AB

√3
= 10 second

Time taken by the car to travel distance DB i.e

10
( )
AB

√3
= 10 ×
√3
2√ 3

= 2
= 5 seconds

70.

Let the height of the tower be CD = h metres

So from the figure AE = h
Again, height of the cliff AB = 60√3 m
So, BE = 60√3 – h
In right ΔBED,
DE
cot45 ∘ =
BE

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 DE
⇒ 1=
60√3 − h

⇒ DE = (60√3 − h)m...(i)
In right ΔCAB,
CA
cot60 ∘ = AB
1 CA
⇒ =
√3 60√3

⇒ CA = 60m ...(ii)

Since CA = DE, from (i) and (ii), we have

60√3 − h = 60
⇒ h = 60√3 − 60
⇒h = 60 × 1.732 − 60
⇒ h = 43.92m

Hence, the height of the tower is 43.92m

71. In △PAC,

AC
AP
= tan 45o = 1
⇒ x+5=y
x 1
In △PAB, y ,= tan 30o =
√3
x 1 5 5 ( √3 + 1 )

x+5
= ⇒ x= = 3
= 6.8.
√3 √3 − 1
∴ Height of tower = 6.83 m
72. Let sides of two square x m and y m (x > y)
x2 + y2 = 452 …(i)
14x - 4y = 8 …(ii)
⇒ x - y = 2

By (i) & (ii)

x2 + (x - 2)2 = 452
⇒ x2 - 2x - 224 = 0
x2 - 16x + 14x - 224 = 0
(x - 16) (x + 14) = 0
x = 16, x = -14 (rejected)
y = 14
Sides are 16 m and 14 m

73.

Let height of the tower be ‘h’ m and ED = BC = ‘x’ m

In △AED
60 − h
x
= tan 45o = 1
⇒ 60 - h = x ...(i)

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 In △ABC
60
x
= tan 60o = √3
⇒ 60 = √3 x
⇒ 60 = √3 (60 - h)
60 ( √3 − 1 ) √3
⇒ h= ×
√3 √3
⇒ h = 20 (3 - √3)
⇒ h = 20 (3 - 1.73)
⇒ h = 25.4
Hence, height of the tower is 25.4 m.

74.

Let CD be the tower and AB be the building.

Let height of the tower be y meter
Let BD = CE = x and CD = BE = y
It is given that AB = 60 m
⇒ AE = AB - BE = 60 - y
we get the height of the lamp = CD = y
In rt ∆ AEC, we have
AE
tan 30° = EC
1 ( 60 − y )
= x
√3
x = 60√3 − y√3
⇒ 20√3 = 60√3 − y√3
⇒ 20 = 60 - y
⇒ y = 40m

Thus, the height of the lamp post is 40m.

75.

Let Point B represents observer.

∴ ∠ QBP = 60o; ∠ABO = 45o
1
Using geometry ∠PBO = 2
× 60o = 30o
r 1
Now, OB
= sin 30o = 2
⇒ OB =2r ...(i)
OA 1
Also OB
= sin 45o = ⇒ OB = OA √2 ...(ii)
√2

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Using (i) and (ii) OA = √2 r
or height of center of balloon = √2 r units

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