BHOJREDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

II BTech.II Sem. B sec.JAVA Project
Academic Year 2023-24 DATE:27/06/2024

HISTORY OF JAVA

Presented
By

22321A1285-R.SANJANA

S Revathi Dr C Murugamani
Co-ordinator HOD
HISTORY OF
JAVA
Contents:
• Definition
• History of Java
• Java Features
• Java Variables
• Data Types
1.Integers
2.Floating-Point
3.Boolean
4.Characters
• Operators
Definition:
• This language was initially called “Oak,” but was renamed
“Java” in 1995. Between the initial implementation of Oak in
the fall of 1992 and the public announcement of Java in the
spring of 1995, many more people contributed to the design
and evolution of the language. The original reason for
creation of Java was not the Internet! Instead, the primary
motivation was the need for a platform-independent (that is,
architecture-neutral) language that could be used to create
software to be embedded in various consumer electronic
devices, such as microwave ovens and remote controls.
History of Java:
• The principles for creating Java programming were "Simple,
Robust, Portable, Platform-independent, Secured, High
Performance, Multithreaded, Architecture Neutral, Object-
Oriented, Interpreted, and Dynamic". Java was developed by
James Gosling, who is known as the father of Java, in 1995.
James Gosling and his team members started the project in the
early '90s.
Java Features:
• The primary objective of Java programming language
creation was to make it portable, simple and secure
programming language. Apart from this, there are also some
excellent features which play an important role in the
popularity of this language. The features of Java are also
known as Java buzzwords.
• A list of the most important features of the Java language is
given below.
• Simple
• Object-Oriented
• Portable
• Platform independent
• Secured
• Robust
• Architecture neutral
• Interpreted
• High Performance
• Multithreaded
• Distributed
• Dynamic
• Simple :Java was designed to be easy for the professional
programmer to learn and use effectively. If the basic concepts
of object-oriented programming is understood, learning Java
will be even easier.
• Object-Oriented:Java is an object-oriented programming
language. The object model in Java is simple and easy to
extend, while primitive types, such as integers, are kept as
high-performance non objects.
• Portable:Portability is a major aspect of the Internet because
there are many different types of computers and operating
systems connected to it.
• Security:Every time a “normal” program is downloaded, there is a
risk, because the code that is downloading might contain a virus,
Trojan horse, or other harmful code. At the core of the problem is the
fact that malicious code can cause its damage because it has gained
unauthorized access to system resources.
• Robust:The ability to create robust programs was given a high priority
in the design of Java. Java frees you from having to worry about many
of the most common causes of programming errors. Because Java is a
strictly typed language, it checks your code at compile time.
• Architecture-Neutral: A central issue for the Java designers was that of
code longevity and portability. One of the main problems facing
programmers is that no guarantee exists that if you write a program
today, it will run tomorrow even on the same machine.
• Interpreted and High Performance:Java enables the creation of cross-
platform programs by compiling into an intermediate representation
called Java bytecode. This code can be executed on any system that
implements the Java Virtual Machine.
• Multithreaded:Java was designed to meet the real-world requirement
of creating interactive, networked programs. To accomplish this, Java
supports multithreaded programming, which allows you to write
programs that do many things simultaneously.
• Distributed:Java is designed for the distributed environment of the
Internet because it handles TCP/IP protocols. In fact, accessing a
resource using a URL is not much different from accessing a file.
• Dynamic: Java programs carry with them substantial amounts of run-
time type information that is used to verify and resolve accesses to
objects at run time.
Java Variables:
Variables are containers for storing data values.
In Java, there are different types of variables, for example:
String- stores text, such as "Hello". String values are surrounded by
double quotes
int- stores integers (whole numbers), without decimals, such as 123 or -
123
float-stores floating point numbers, with decimals, such as 19.99 or -
19.99
char- stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'. Char values are
surrounded by single quotes
Boolean - stores values with two states: true or false
Data Types:
• Java defines eight primitive types of data: byte, short, int, long, char,
float, double, and Boolean . The primitive types are also commonly
referred to as simple types, and are classified into four groups:
1.Integers
2.Floating-Point
3.Boolean
4.Characters.
• Integers: Java defines four integer types: byte, short, int, and long. All
of these are signed, positive and negative values. Java does not support
unsigned, positive-only integers. The size and ranges of these integer
types are as follows:

Program 1:Java program to demonstrate Integer data types in Java:

class IntegerDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
byte a = 126;
int x=15913;
short s=200;
long l=1243568;
System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(s);
System.out.println(x);
System.out.println(l);
}
}
Output:
126
200
15913
1243568
• Floating-Point Types:Floating-point numbers, also known as real
numbers, are used when evaluating expressions that require fractional
precision. For example, calculations such as square root, sine and
cosine, result in a value whose precision requires a floating-point type.
There are two kinds of floating-point types, float and double, which
represent single- and double-precision numbers, respectively. Their
width and ranges are as follows:
Program 2:
class Area
{
public static void main(String args[]) {
double pi, r, a;
r = 10.8; // radius of circle
pi = 3.1416; // pi, approximately
a = pi * r * r; // compute area
System.out.println("Area of circle is " + a);}
}
• Boolean: Java has a primitive type, called boolean, for logical values.
It can have only one of two possible values, true or false. This is the
type returned by all relational operators, as in the case of a < b.
boolean is also the type required by the conditional expressions that
govern the control statements such as if and for.
Program 3: Demonstrate boolean values:
class BoolTest
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
boolean b;
b = false;
System.out.println("b is " + b);
b = true;
System.out.println("b is " + b);
if(b) System.out.println("This is executed.");
b = false;
if(b) System.out.println("This is not executed.");
System.out.println("10 > 9 is " + (10 > 9));
}
}
Output:
b is false
b is true
This is executed.
10 > 9 is true
• Characters: In Java, the data type used to store characters is char.
However, C/C++ programmers beware: char in Java is not the same as
char in C or C++. In C/C++, char is 8 bits wide. This is not the case in
Java. Instead, Java uses Unicode to represent characters. Unicode
defines a fully international character set that can represent all of the
characters found in all human languages.
• Program 4: Demonstrate char data type:
class CharDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
char ch1, ch2;
ch1 = 88; // code for X
ch2 = 'Y';
System.out.print("ch1 and ch2: ");
System.out.println(ch1 + " " + ch2);
}
}
Output:
ch1 and ch2: X Y
Operators:
• Operators in Java can be divided into the following four groups:
arithmetic, bitwise, relational, and logical. Java also defines some
additional operators that handle certain special situations.
• Arithmetic Operators: Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical
expressions in the same way that they are used in algebra. The
operands of the arithmetic operators must be of a numeric type. You
cannot use them on boolean types, but you can use them on char types,
since the char type in Java is, essentially, a subset of int.The following
table lists the arithmetic operators:
Program: Demonstrate the basic arithmetic operators:
class BasicMath
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
System.out.println("Integer Arithmetic");
int a = 1 + 1;
int b = a * 3;
int c = b / 4;
int d = c - a;
int e = -d;
System.out.println("a = " + a);
System.out.println("b = " + b);
System.out.println("c = " + c);
System.out.println("d = " + d);
System.out.println("e = " + e);
System.out.println("\nFloating Point Arithmetic");
double da = 1 + 1;
double db = da * 3;
double dc = db / 4;
double dd = dc - a;
double de = -dd;
System.out.println("da = " + da);
System.out.println("db = " + db);
System.out.println("dc = " + dc);
System.out.println("dd = " + dd);
System.out.println("de = " + de);
}
}
Output:
Integer Arithmetic
a=2
b=6
c=1
d = -1
e=1
Floating Point Arithmetic
da = 2.0
db = 6.0