Solution

PRACTICE PAPER

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1. Here, q = 1.6 × 10-7 C; the radius of the sphere; R = 12 cm = 0·12 cm
i. The charge on a conductor resides on its outer surface. Therefore, the electric field inside the sphere is zero.
ii. For a point on the charged spherical conductor or outside it, the charge may be assumed to be concentrated at its centre.
Therefore, electric field just outside the sphere
= 105 NC-1
q −7
1 1⋅6×10
= 4πε0
⋅
2
= 9 × 10
9
×
2
R (0.12)

iii. Here, r = 1.8 cm = 0.18 m

Electric field at a point 0.18 m from the centre
q −7
1 9 1⋅6×10
= ⋅ = 9 × 10 ×
4πε0 2 2
r (0.18)

= 4.44 × 104 NC-1

2. For the net magnetic field at the point O to be zero, the direction of current in loop L2 should be opposite to that in loop L1.
Magnitude of magnetic field due to current I1 in L1 = Magnitude of magnetic field due to current I2 in L2
2 2
μ I1 (0.03) μ I2 (0.04)
or 0

3/2
=
0

3/2
2 2 2 2
2[(0.03) +(0.04) ] 2[(0.04) +(0.03) ]

2
(0.03)
or I2 = 2
I1 = 9

16
× 1A = 0.56 A
(0.04)

3. a. Current sensitivity of moving coil galvanometer can be increased by

i. increasing number of turns in the coil (Is α N)
ii. increasing magnetic field strength (Is α B)

iii. using a material having lesser value of torsional constant (I sα

1

k
)

iv. increasing area of cross-section of the coil

V
b. resistance required to convert galvanometer into voltmeter R = Ig
− G

For range (0 - V)
− G ...(i)
V
R =
1
Ig

For range (0 - 2V)

2V
R2 =
Ig
− G ...(ii)
using (i) and (ii)
G = R2 - 2R1
4. Np = 650, Ns = 25, Vp = 240V, Ip = 1.5A
Vs Ns
a. Vp
=
Np

Ns 25
Vs = × Vp = × 240
Nn 650

120
=
13

= 9.23 V
Ns Ip
b. Np
=
Is

Np × Ip
650×1.5
Is = = = 39 A
Ns 25

c. Pav = VsIs
=
120

13
× 39 = 360 W
Hence the average power delivered to the output circuit is 360 W

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RETHINAKUMAR M.sc.,B.Ed.,
5. The ray diagram is shown in the figure.

If ic is the critical angle for the prism/material, then

√3
sin ic = 1

μ
= 2

or ic = 60°
Angle of incidence at face AC of the prism is 60°.
Hence, refracted ray grazes the surface AC.
Thus, Angle of emergence = 900 and angle of deviation = 300
6. i. Refractive index of a medium is the ratio of the speed of light (c) in free space to the speed of light (v) in that medium. It is a
dimensionless quantity.
c
μ=
v

√302 + 402

ii. μ = c

v
=
1

sin ic
,
1

sinic
=
OA

CA
, OA

CA
=
30
=
50

30
8
3×10 50
= =
v 30
30 8
v = × 3 × 10
50

= 1.8 × 108 m/s

7. As Kmax = hν = W0
or eV 0 =
hc

λ
− W0

W0
or V 0
=
hc

eλ
−
e

∴ ΔV0 = (V0 ) − (V0 )

2 1

hc W0 hc W0
= [ − ] − [ − ]
eλ2 e eλ1 e

hc 1 1
= [ − ]
e λ2 λ1

−34 8
6.6× 10 ×3× 10 1 1
= [ − ]
−19 −7 −7
1.6×10 4×10 6×10

= 1.03
(V0)2 = (V0)1 - 1.03 = 6 - 1.03 = 4.97 V
8. a. i. B is heavier than A
Reason- Slope α 1

√m

Slope of A > slope of B;

Hence mB > mA
h
ii. λ =
√2mqV

h 1
λ = ×
√2mq √V

So, slope = h

√2mq

b. Momentum, p = h

λ
−34
6.63×10
=
−10
3×10

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 p = 2.21 × 10-24 kgm/s
o

Hence the momentum of an electron having de Broglie wavelength of 3.0 A.

9. σ = 1

ρ
= e (μ e ne + μn hh )

1.6 × 1019 (4 × 1012)(22000) + (7× 1013)(150)

= 1.576mho m-1
10. The d.c. resistance is just equal to the voltage divided by current.
VB 0.3 V
∴ rdc = IB
=
−3
= 66.67 Ω
4.5× 10 A

Consider two points A and C around the point of operation B. Then,

VC − VA 0.35−0.25
rac = ΔV
=
I −I
=
−3
= 33.33 Ω
ΔI C A (6−3)×10

Section B
11. The situation is represented in the following figure.

A and B are two parallel plates close to each other. The outer region of plate A is labelled as I, outer region of plate B is labelled
as III, and the region between the plates, A and B, is labelled as II. Let EA and EB represents the electric field produce by plate A
and B
Charge density of plate A, σ = 17.0 × 10-22 C/m2
Charge density of plate B, σ = -17.0 × 10-22 C/m2
In the regions, I and III, electric field E is zero. For region 1 E1 = EB - EA
E=σ/2 ∈ o due to opposite charge densities EA is equal to zero, Similarly EB is equal to zero
Electric field E in region II is given by the relation,
σ
E= ϵ0

ϵo = Permittivity of free space = 8.854 × 10-12 N-1C2m-2

−22

E= 17.0×10

−12
8.854×10

= 1.92 × 10-10 N/C

Therefore, the electric field between the plates is 1.92 × 10-10 N/C.
12. i. Consider the case r < a. The Amperian loop is a circle labelled 1 (fig.)

For this loop, taking the radius of the circle to be r

Let this loop contains charge Ie. This current enclosed Ie is not I, but is less than this value.
Since the current distribution is uniform, the current enclosed is
{tex}I_e=I\left(\frac{\pi r^2}{\mathrm{π a}^2}\right)=I\left(\frac{r^2}{a^2}\right){/tex}
Using Ampere's law,
2
r
B.2πr = μ0 I ( )
2
a

μ I
0 r
B= ( )
2π a2

So, B ∝ r f or r < a
ii. Consider the case r > a. The Amperian loop, labelled 2, is a circle concentric with the cross-section. For this loop,
{tex}L=2\mathrm{π r}{/tex}
Ie = Current enclosed by the loop = I

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RETHINAKUMAR M.sc.,B.Ed.,
 The result is the familiar expression for a long straight wire
B.2πr = μ0 I

{tex}B=\frac{{\mathrm\mu}_0\mathrm I}{2\mathrm{π r}}{/tex}

1
B ∝
r
when r > a

Fig. shows a plot of the magnitude of B with distance r from the centre of the wire. The direction of the field is tangential
tothe respective circular loop (1 or 2) and given by the right-hand rule.
13. Key concept: The galvanometer can also be used as a voltmeter to measure the voltage across a given section of the circuit. For
this a very high resistance wire is to be connected in series with galvanometer. The relationship is given by lG (G + R) =V where
lg is the range of galvanometer, G is the resistance of galvanometer and R is the resistance of wire connected in series with
galvanometer.

Applying expression in different situations

For iG (R1 + G) = 2 for 2 V range
For iG (G + R1 + R2) = 20 for 20 V range
And For iG (G + R1 + R2 + R3) = 200 for 200 v range
By solving, we get
R1 = 1990 Ω , R2 = 18 kΩ and R3 = 180 KΩ . these are the required values.

14. i. N1 = 400, N2 = 2000, ε = 1100 V 2

N1 400
ε1 = ε2 ⋅
N2
= 1100 ×
2000
= 220V
ii. Resistance of primary, = 0.2 Ω
Output power = ε I = 12.1 kW = 12100 W
2 2

∴ Current in the secondary,

ε2 I2 12100
I2 = = = 11 A
ε2 1100

Output power
As Efficiency =
Input power

90 12100 W
=
100
Input power
or Input power,
12100×100 3
ε1 I1 = = 13.44 × 10 W
90

Current in the primary,

ε1 I1 3
13.44×10
I1 = = = 61.1 A
ε1 220

Power loss in the primary

= I
2
1
R1 = (61.1) = 746.61 W
2
× 0.2

Power loss in the secondary

= I R = (11) × 2.0 = 242 W
2 2
2
2

15. a. Critical angle c is given as,

sin c = 1

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RETHINAKUMAR M.sc.,B.Ed.,
 sin c = 1

√2

sin c = sin 45o

c = 45o
b.

r2 = c = 45o
as we know
r1 + r2 = A

r1 + 45o = 60o

r1 = 15o
16. Three rays (1, 2, 3) of different colours fall normally on one of the sides of an isosceles right-angled prism as shown. At plane
AC, the incident angle for ray 1, ray 2 and ray 3 = 45°

Let critical angle for total internal reflection for ray 1 = C1

1
1.39 =
sin C1

1
⇒ sin C1 =
1.39

= 0.719
Hence C1 > 45° (sin 450 = 0.707)
Let critical angle for total internal reflection for ray 2 = C2
1
1.47 =
sin C2

1
⇒ sin C2 = = 0.68
1.47

Hence C2 < 45°

Let critical angle for total internal reflection for ray 3 = C3
1
1.52 =
sin C3

1
⇒ sin C3 = = 0.657
1⋅52

Hence C3 < 45°

As in the case of ray 1, the incident angle is less than the critical angle, it would emerge out from AC. In the figure path of the ray
1 is shown.
In the case of ray 2, ray 3, incident angle is greater than the critical angle, they would get total internal reflection at AC and
emerge from BC. In the figure path of the rays, 2 and 3 are shown.
17. f3 = + 20 cm, v3 = 20 cm
1 1 1
= +
20 20 u3

⇒ u3 = ∞

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RETHINAKUMAR M.sc.,B.Ed.,
 It shows that L2 must render the rays parallel to the common axis. It means that the image (I1), formed by L1 must be at a distance
of 20 cm from L2 (at the focus of L2)
Therefore, distance between L1 and L2 (= 40 + 20) = 60 cm and distance between L2 and L3 can have any value.
Given, f1 = f2 = f3 20 cm
For lens, L1
u = - 40 cm
f = 20 cm
1 1 1
− =
v u f

1 1 1
= +
v u f

1 1 1
= − +
v 40 20
1 1
=
v 40

v = 40 cm
( + ve sign shows it is right hand side of lens L1)
Now for L3 the final image is at its focus, that means v3 = + 20 cm.
Hence u3 = ∞
Now, since image of the object AB formed by convex lens L2 is virtual object for L3 therefore v2 = ∞ .
Hence for lens L2, u2 = ?, f2 = 20 cm and u2 = ∞ .
Using the lens formula,
1 1 1
− =
v2 u2 f
2
1 1 1
⇒ − =
∞ u2 20

u2 = - 20 cm
So, the separation between L1 and L2
= 40 + 20 = 60 cm
As v2 = ∞ and u3 = ∞ , therefore the distance between L2 and L3 does not matter it may take any value because image by L2 is
formed at infinity.
Hence, the distance between L2and L3 can have any value.

18. i. E = hv
= 6.63 × 10-34 × 6.4 × 1014
= 4.24 × 10-19 J
= 2.65 eV
ii. Kmax = E - ∅ 0

= 2.65 - 2.31
= 0.34 eV
iii. eV = Kmax
o

Vo = 0.34 V
19. i. Q has higher threshold frequency
ii. Work function of Q ϕ = hv 0

−34 14
6.6× 10 ×6× 10
= eV
−19
1.6×10

= 2.47 eV
iii. KEmax = hv - hv0

= 6.6 × 10-34(8 × 1014 - 6 × 1014)

= 6.6 × 10-34 × 2 × 1014J
−34 14

= 6.6× 10 ×2× 10

−19
eV

1.6×10

hence KEmax = 0.83 eV

20. a. The electrostatic force exerted by the line charge on the electron provides the centripetal force for the revolution of the
electron.
∴ Force exerted by electric field = Centripetal force

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RETHINAKUMAR M.sc.,B.Ed.,
 2

eE = mv

Here v is the orbital velocity of the electron

But E = 2π ε0 r
λ

or v2 =
2
eλ mv eλ
∴ =
2π ε0 r r 2π ε0 m

Kinetic energy of the electron will be

Ek = 1

2
mv2 = eλ

4πε0

b. As Ek ∝ λ , the graph of kinetic energe Ek vs. charge density λ will be straight line as shown in Fig.

Section C

21. i.

Consider two small current elements on the circular loop which are opposite to each other.
then the magnetic field at a point p which is at a distance X from the centre of the coil is due to the x component of the fields
of A and B and y components cancel out.
μ0 Idl×sin(90)
∵ dBX = 4π 2
cosθ
2 2
(√R + X )

μ0 Idl R
dBX = 4π
×
1

2
×
2 2 √R + X 2
2
(√R + X )

μ Idl
= 0

4π
R

3
2 2
(X +R ) 2

μ0 IR
B = ∫ dBX = 3
∫ dl
2 2
4π(x + R ) 2

2
μ I×2π R
= 0

2 2
4π(x + R ) 2

2
μ IR
= 0

2 2
2(x + R ) 2

ii. F = ilB sinθ = 5 × 2 × 0.6 × 10-4 sinπ

= 5 × 2 × 0.6 × 10-4 × 0.5

=3× 10-4 N
Towards east

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RETHINAKUMAR M.sc.,B.Ed.,