6/20/2022

Laboratory Glassware
and Equipment
IDENTIFICATION AND PROPER USING

By Dr. Maryam Al Asousi

Categories of Laboratory Glassware

 Variety of equipment, traditionally made of glass, used for scientific

experiments. They are usually made from Borosilicate glass is a type
of glass having very low coefficients of thermal expansion (~3 × 10−6
K−1 at 20 °C), making them resistant to thermal shock, more so than
any other common glass.
➢ This is a type of glass that is resistant to breaking when heated or
cooled, nonetheless, all glassware should always be heated or cooled
gradually.
➢ Glassware can be divided into 2 groups
1.Non-volumetric glassware
2-Volumetric Glassware https://youtu.be/Bp2DI32X4wE

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Non-Volumetric Glassware

Used for many different purposes, but not for accurate volume measurements.
Examples:
 Beaker,
 Conical flask, Florence flask,
 Separatory funnel,
 Funnel,
 Watch glass,
 Test tube,
 Glass rod,
 Desiccator

1.Beaker

 Is one of the most common pieces of

glassware in the laboratory.

 Used for transferring liquid to another

container or to transfer a small
amount of reagent for use in
procedures.

 Volume is not accurate, just an

estimate.

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2.Conical Flask

 Used for transferring liquid to

another container or to transfer
a small amount of reagent for
use in procedures.
 Volume is not accurate, just an
estimate.

3.Separatory Funnel

a standard piece of glass equipment used in

laboratories for performing extractions. (to separate
immiscible liquids).
➢ Most common to the organic chemistry
lab.
➢ Used to separate liquids of different
densities and solubilities.
➢ The bottom of the separatory funnel is
very narrow and leads to a stopcock,
allowing for precise separations of liquids.
➢ While the top is very wide for ease in
shaking and mixing.

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4.Desiccator

 A glass container or other

apparatus holding a drying
agent for removing
moisture from specimens
and protecting them from
water vapour in the air.

Other Non-Volumetric Glassware

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Volumetric Glassware

 Made to hold a specific volume of liquid, with a high

level of accuracy for the measurement.
 Examples:
1. Graduated cylinder,
2. volumetric flask,
3. pipette
4. burette.

1.Graduated Cylinder

 For rapid measurement of liquid

volume.
 They are generally more accurate and
precise for this purpose than flasks.
 This is a semi-accurate liquid
measuring vessels.

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2.Volumetric Flask

 A volumetric flask is used to measure very

precisely one specific volume of liquid.
 used to prepare a solution of known
concentration.
 To make up a solution, first dissolve the solid
material completely, in less fluid than required to
fill the flask to the mark.
 After the solid is completely dissolved, very
carefully fill the flask to the mL mark.
 The top is then sealed, and the flask is inverted
several times to mix.
 Range in size from 1 mL to 5,000 mL and larger.

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Volumetric Flask - Preparation solution

B. A solution is prepared by
adding enough solvent to
dissolve the solute.
C. Then the solute is added and
dissolved.
D. The solution is then diluted to
the mark using the solvent.
E. The solution is mixed
throughout the dilution process
and sometimes requires being
placed in an ice bath in the case
of exothermic dissolution
(typically strong acids or bases).

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3.Pipettes Volumetric pipettes

Pasteur pipette

Micropipettes Measuring Pipettes

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3.Pipettes

• Laboratory instrument
used to transport a
measured volume of liquid.
• Three types of glass pipets
used in the laboratory
• Volumetric
• Mohr
• Serological
• Mechanical

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Difference between
Mohr and Serological Pipettes
✓ A Serological pipette :is a graduated pipette in which the calibration marks extend all
the way to the tip.
✓ When an amount of fluid is drawn back the entire amount in the pipet is dispensed
so that the pipet is empty.
✓ A Mohr pipette is a graduated pipette in which the calibration marks do not extend to
the tip but at a point above the tip.
✓ Fluid is drawn up to a graduation mark and then dispensed to the zero mark, not
completely evacuating the fluid from the pipette.

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4.Burette (Buret)
Device used in
analytical chemistry
for the dispensing of
variable, measured
amounts of a
chemical solution.

➢ Is used in a variety
of titration
experiments

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BURET

To
Deliver
Calibration
Temperature

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Reading the Meniscus

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Meniscus curve
➢ The meniscus is the curve seen at the top of a liquid in response to its container.
➢ The meniscus can be either concave or convex.
➢ Depending on the surface tension of the liquid and adhesion to the wall of the
container.
➢ A concave meniscus occurs when the
molecules of the liquid are more strongly Concave Convex

attracted to the container than to each other.

➢ A convex meniscus is produced when the
water mercury
molecules of the liquid are more strongly
attracted to each other than to the container.

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Uncertainty in Volume Measurement

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Cleaning and Washing

 Cleanliness is essential to good results.

 Rinse your glassware thoroughly with deionized water
 Wash it before you use it as well.
 With some types of glassware, one "conditions" the apparatus by
rinsing with a few small portions of the solution one will be
measuring prior to conducting the actual work. This prevents water
droplets from diluting one's solution and changing the concentration.

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Other Lab Tools

(Clamps and Stands)

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Common Lab Equipment

 Common lab equipment must be explained

such as balance, oven and hot plates.

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Balance
 Designed to measure
small mass in the sub-
milligram range.

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Oven
 Enabling
glassware drying
and controlled
heating
applications.

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Hot Plate and Stirrer

https://youtu.be/E1bFq5YLzGs

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